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<document id="86A47E2690625F56C084B464D6CF5E9C" ID-CLB-Dataset="26010" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4656.3.3" ID-GBIF-Dataset="44f3260b-e3ff-408d-8f18-673df696600c" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3368991" ID-ZooBank="D71E762B-9C04-48E9-B0BF-D41C921FC283" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1565860713093" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Brugnera, Ricardo, Campos, Luiz Alexandre &amp; Grazia, Jocelia" docDate="2019" docId="5110878D6F778E36FF44FA3682AFFA5D" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4656.3.3.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4656 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Tynacantha Dallas 1851" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="447" masterDocId="AD29FFF56F768E34FFD3FFC78733FFE4" masterDocTitle="Revision of Tynacantha Dallas with description of two new species (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Pentatomidae: Asopinae)" masterLastPageNumber="458" masterPageNumber="445" pageNumber="446" updateTime="1698751332283" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="99AAF1C05476659BD30D8862E93DD1F0">Revision of Tynacantha Dallas with description of two new species (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Pentatomidae: Asopinae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="6BDFA4D058C13274CDB89A6744117A05">Brugnera, Ricardo</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="29D323F3DB7EBA7016A792DFDFFA384E">Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil Laboratório de Entomologia Sistemática, Instituto de Biociências, Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="D80DA01077D636FC4B7ECE1E216C904E">Campos, Luiz Alexandre</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="33C087BF2EB403D6DB5277F5A2442A26">Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil Laboratório de Entomologia Sistemática, Instituto de Biociências, Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="A3CD1B4DFD5A4FCF2A7161EEAF799A3A">Grazia, Jocelia</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="809535297A74BD9997C10A82F6C99E91">Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil Laboratório de Entomologia Sistemática, Instituto de Biociências, Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:date id="061CDCD97F6F9168FED397EFFB313CDC">2019</mods:date>
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<taxonomicName id="1EB94D186F778E35FF44FA3686F5F9EF" authority="Dallas, 1851" authorityName="Dallas" authorityYear="1851" box="[151,454,1521,1548]" class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Tynacantha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="446" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="EBCDEA896F778E35FF44FA368614F9E8" bold="true" box="[151,295,1521,1548]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="446">Tynacantha</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="BD284B6A6F778E35FEFDFA3686F5F9EF" author="Dallas W. S." box="[302,454,1521,1547]" pageId="1" pageNumber="446" refId="ref8732" refString="Dallas W. S. (1851) List of Specimens of Hemipterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum, Pt. 1. Taylor &amp; Francis, London. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 20373" type="book" year="1851">Dallas, 1851</bibRefCitation>
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<taxonomicName id="1EB94D186F778E35FF44F9F286FFF9A9" authority="Dallas, 1851: 106" authorityName="Dallas" authorityPageNumber="106" authorityYear="1851" box="[151,460,1588,1613]" class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Tynacantha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="446" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="EBCDEA896F778E35FF44F9F2863EF9A9" box="[151,269,1589,1613]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="446">Tynacantha</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="5818108A6F778E35FEC7F9F386FFF9A9" author="Dallas W. S." box="[276,460,1588,1613]" page="106" pageId="1" pageNumber="446" year="1851">
<bibRefCitation id="BD284B6A6F778E35FEC7F9F386FFF9A9" author="Dallas W. S." box="[276,460,1588,1613]" pageId="1" pageNumber="446" refId="ref8732" refString="Dallas W. S. (1851) List of Specimens of Hemipterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum, Pt. 1. Taylor &amp; Francis, London. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 20373" type="book" year="1851">Dallas, 1851: 106</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
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;
<treatmentCitation id="5818108A6F778E35FE0BF9F38544F9A9" author="Stal, C." box="[472,631,1588,1613]" page="497" pageId="1" pageNumber="446" year="1867">
<bibRefCitation id="BD284B6A6F778E35FE0BF9F38544F9A9" author="Stal, C." box="[472,631,1588,1613]" pageId="1" pageNumber="446" pagination="491 - 560" refId="ref10935" refString="Stal, C. (1867) Bidrag tell Hemipterernas systematik. Ofversigt af Kongliga Vetenskaps-Akademiens Forhandlingar, 24, 491 - 560. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 6189 7" type="journal article" year="1867">Stål, 1867: 497</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation id="5818108A6F778E35FD52F9F38472F9A9" author="Walker, F." box="[641,833,1588,1613]" page="144" pageId="1" pageNumber="446" year="1867">
<bibRefCitation id="BD284B6A6F778E35FD52F9F38472F9A9" author="Walker, F." box="[641,833,1588,1613]" pageId="1" pageNumber="446" refId="ref11065" refString="Walker, F. (1867) Catalogue of the specimens of Hemiptera Heteroptera in the collection of the British Museum. Part I. E. Newman, London, 240 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 11868 8" type="book" year="1867">Walker, 1867: 144</bibRefCitation>
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;
<treatmentCitation id="5818108A6F778E35FC9FF9F384EDF9A9" author="Stal, C." box="[844,990,1588,1613]" page="56" pageId="1" pageNumber="446" year="1870">
<bibRefCitation id="BD284B6A6F778E35FC9FF9F384EDF9A9" author="Stal, C." box="[844,990,1588,1613]" pageId="1" pageNumber="446" pagination="1 - 232" refId="ref10974" refString="Stal, C. (1870) Enumeratio Hemipterorum. Bidrag till en forteckning ofver alla hittills kanda Hemiptera, jemte systematiska meddelanden. 1. Kongliga Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens Handlingar, 9 (1), 1 - 232. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 1254 9" type="journal article" year="1870">Stål, 1870: 56</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation id="5818108A6F778E35FC3AF9F383FAF9A9" author="Schouteden, H." box="[1001,1225,1588,1613]" page="13" pageId="1" pageNumber="446" year="1907">
<bibRefCitation id="BD284B6A6F778E35FC3AF9F383FAF9A9" author="Schouteden, H." box="[1001,1225,1588,1613]" pageId="1" pageNumber="446" refId="ref10906" refString="Schouteden, H. (1907) Heteroptera, Fam. Pentatomidae, Subfam. Asopinae (Amyoteinae). Genera Insectorum 52, P. Wytsman, Bruxelles" type="book" year="1907">Schouteden, 1907: 13</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, 59;
<treatmentCitation id="5818108A6F778E35FB2EF9F387E6F988" author="Kirkaldy, G. W." page="5" pageId="1" pageNumber="446" year="1909">
<bibRefCitation id="BD284B6A6F778E35FB2EF9F387E6F988" author="Kirkaldy, G. W." pageId="1" pageNumber="446" refId="ref9721" refString="Kirkaldy, G. W. (1909) Catalogue of the Hemiptera (Heteroptera) with biological and anatomical references, lists of foodplants and parasites, etc. Vol. I. Cimicidae. F. L. Dames, Berlin, xl + 392 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 1520 5" type="book" year="1909">Kirkaldy, 1909: 5</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, 16;
<treatmentCitation id="5818108A6F778E35FED4F99486FDF988" author="Thomas, B. T." box="[263,462,1619,1644]" page="122" pageId="1" pageNumber="446" year="1992">
<bibRefCitation id="BD284B6A6F778E35FED4F99486FDF988" author="Thomas, B. T." box="[263,462,1619,1644]" pageId="1" pageNumber="446" refId="ref11029" refString="Thomas, B. T. (1992). Taxonomic synopsis of the asopine Pentatomidae (Heteroptera) of the Western Hemisphere. Entomological Society of America, Lanham, Maryland, 156 pp." type="book" year="1992">Thomas, 1992: 122</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
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<paragraph id="D906369B6F778E35FF44F9B48416F96F" blockId="1.[151,1437,1588,1675]" box="[151,805,1650,1675]" pageId="1" pageNumber="446">
<typeStatus id="060288396F778E35FF44F9B487FAF96F" box="[151,201,1651,1675]" pageId="1" pageNumber="446">Type</typeStatus>
species:
<taxonomicName id="1EB94D186F778E35FEF5F9B585A7F96F" authority="Dallas, 1851" authorityName="Dallas" authorityYear="1851" box="[294,660,1650,1675]" class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Tynacantha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="446" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marginata">
<emphasis id="EBCDEA896F778E35FEF5F9B58538F96E" box="[294,523,1650,1674]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="446">Tynacantha marginata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="BD284B6A6F778E35FDC2F9B585A7F96F" author="Dallas W. S." box="[529,660,1650,1675]" pageId="1" pageNumber="446" refId="ref8732" refString="Dallas W. S. (1851) List of Specimens of Hemipterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum, Pt. 1. Taylor &amp; Francis, London. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 20373" type="book" year="1851">Dallas, 1851</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, by monotypy
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="91A365106F778E35FF44F97F8351F863" pageId="1" pageNumber="446" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="D906369B6F778E35FF44F97F8351F863" blockId="1.[151,1437,1720,2035]" pageId="1" pageNumber="446">
<emphasis id="EBCDEA896F778E35FF44F97F8621F937" bold="true" box="[151,274,1720,1747]" pageId="1" pageNumber="446">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Anterolateral margins of pronotum rectilinear, concolorous with ventral surface and unpunctured; humeral angles acute, not produced; abdominal spine reaching at most the anterior margin of metacoxae; abdominal venter minutely punctured (
<figureCitation id="41822A1E6F778E35FE19F8C68557F8FF" box="[458,612,1792,1819]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–6" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1903,1928]" captionTargetBox="[156,1416,1495,1871]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1435,1487,1884]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 1–6. Lectotypes of T. marginata and T. splendes and their respective labels. 1–3, Tynacantha marginata. 4–6, Tynacantha splendens. (photos by T. Roell)" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3368993/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="446">Figs 1–2, 4–5</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="41822A1E6F778E35FDBCF8C68599F8FF" box="[623,682,1793,1819]" captionStart="FIGURES 7–18" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1939,1964]" captionTargetBox="[168,1412,186,1906]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[168,1418,166,1919]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 7–18. Habitus of species of Tynacantha in dorsal, ventral and head + pronotum views, respectively. 7–9, Tynacantha marginata; 10–12, Tynacantha splendens; 13–15, Tynacantha cuprea sp. nov.; 16–18, Tynacantha umeridenigrata sp. nov.. Scale bars: 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3368995/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="446">7–18</figureCitation>
). Peritreme groove-shaped, surrounded by evaporatorium. Superior layer of ventral rim of pygophore with 1 + 1 acute processes (
<figureCitation id="41822A1E6F778E35FC9FF8E284CAF8DB" box="[844,1017,1828,1855]" captionStart="FIGURES 19–33" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1343,1368]" captionTargetBox="[152,1436,151,1319]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1437,151,1323]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 19–33. Pygophore of species of Tynacantha. Pygophore in dorsal (19, 24, 29), posterior (20, 25, 30), and ventral (21, 26, 31) views. Left paramere (22, 27, 32). Left superior process of dorsal rim (23, 28, 33). 19–23, Tynacantha marginata; 24–28, Tynacantha splendens. 29–33, Tynacantha cuprea sp. nov.. Abbreviations: dr = dorsal rim; par = paramere; slvr = superior layer of ventral rim; spdr = superior process of dorsal rim; vr = ventral rim. Scale bars: 19–21, 24–26, 29–31 = 1 mm; 22–23, 27–28, 32–33 = 0,1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3368997/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="446">Figs 20, 25, 30</figureCitation>
), dorsal rim concave with 1 + 1 sinuous projections (
<figureCitation id="41822A1E6F778E35FE9CF88E86C9F887" box="[335,506,1865,1891]" captionStart="FIGURES 19–33" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1343,1368]" captionTargetBox="[152,1436,151,1319]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1437,151,1323]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 19–33. Pygophore of species of Tynacantha. Pygophore in dorsal (19, 24, 29), posterior (20, 25, 30), and ventral (21, 26, 31) views. Left paramere (22, 27, 32). Left superior process of dorsal rim (23, 28, 33). 19–23, Tynacantha marginata; 24–28, Tynacantha splendens. 29–33, Tynacantha cuprea sp. nov.. Abbreviations: dr = dorsal rim; par = paramere; slvr = superior layer of ventral rim; spdr = superior process of dorsal rim; vr = ventral rim. Scale bars: 19–21, 24–26, 29–31 = 1 mm; 22–23, 27–28, 32–33 = 0,1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3368997/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="446">Figs 19, 24, 29</figureCitation>
). Head of paramere with two branches (
<figureCitation id="41822A1E6F778E35FC66F88E836CF887" box="[949,1119,1865,1891]" captionStart="FIGURES 19–33" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1343,1368]" captionTargetBox="[152,1436,151,1319]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1437,151,1323]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 19–33. Pygophore of species of Tynacantha. Pygophore in dorsal (19, 24, 29), posterior (20, 25, 30), and ventral (21, 26, 31) views. Left paramere (22, 27, 32). Left superior process of dorsal rim (23, 28, 33). 19–23, Tynacantha marginata; 24–28, Tynacantha splendens. 29–33, Tynacantha cuprea sp. nov.. Abbreviations: dr = dorsal rim; par = paramere; slvr = superior layer of ventral rim; spdr = superior process of dorsal rim; vr = ventral rim. Scale bars: 19–21, 24–26, 29–31 = 1 mm; 22–23, 27–28, 32–33 = 0,1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3368997/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="446">Figs 22, 27, 32</figureCitation>
); capsula seminalis globose; thickening of vaginal intima tube-like with an anterior elliptic projection (
<figureCitation id="41822A1E6F778E35FC00F8AA8367F863" box="[979,1108,1900,1927]" captionStart="FIGURES 46–53" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1407,1432]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1382]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,181,1382]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 46–53. Female external and internal genitalia of Tynacantha. Genital plates (46–47, 49–50, 52–53). Internal genitalia (48, 51). 46–48, Tynacantha marginata; 49–51, Tynacantha cuprea sp. nov.; 53–53, Tynacantha umeridenigrata sp. nov.. Abbreviations: aaf = anterior annular flange; cs = capsula seminalis; drd = ductus receptaculi distalis; drp = ductus receptaculi proximalis; paf = posterior annular flange; pi = pars intermedialis; rs = ring sclerites; st = secondary thickening of gonapophyses IX; tvi = thickening of vaginal intima; va = vesicular area Scale bars: 46–47, 49–50, 52–53 = 1 mm; 48–51 = 0,1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3369001/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="446">Figs 48, 51</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="91A365106F778E36FF14F8578393FC67" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="447" pageId="1" pageNumber="446" type="description">
<paragraph id="D906369B6F778E36FF14F8578393FC67" blockId="1.[151,1437,1720,2035]" lastBlockId="2.[151,1437,152,972]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="447" pageId="1" pageNumber="446">
<emphasis id="EBCDEA896F778E35FF14F8578646F84F" bold="true" box="[199,373,1936,1963]" pageId="1" pageNumber="446">Redescription.</emphasis>
Body oval; brown or dark brown dorsally, frequently bright green; ventrally pale yellow, sometimes orange with two or three rows of black spots; legs pale yellow or orange, immaculate (
<figureCitation id="41822A1E6F778E35FB79F872827BF82B" box="[1194,1352,1972,1999]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–6" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1903,1928]" captionTargetBox="[156,1416,1495,1871]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1435,1487,1884]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 1–6. Lectotypes of T. marginata and T. splendes and their respective labels. 1–3, Tynacantha marginata. 4–6, Tynacantha splendens. (photos by T. Roell)" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3368993/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="446">Figs 1–2, 4–5</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="41822A1E6F778E35FA87F87282BCF82B" box="[1364,1423,1973,1999]" captionStart="FIGURES 7–18" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1939,1964]" captionTargetBox="[168,1412,186,1906]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[168,1418,166,1919]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 7–18. Habitus of species of Tynacantha in dorsal, ventral and head + pronotum views, respectively. 7–9, Tynacantha marginata; 10–12, Tynacantha splendens; 13–15, Tynacantha cuprea sp. nov.; 16–18, Tynacantha umeridenigrata sp. nov.. Scale bars: 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3368995/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="446">7–18</figureCitation>
).
<emphasis id="EBCDEA896F778E35FF44F81E87E4F817" bold="true" box="[151,215,2009,2035]" pageId="1" pageNumber="446">Head</emphasis>
: rectangular; as long as wide or slightly wider than long; clypeus slightly longer than mandibular plates (
<figureCitation id="41822A1E6F778E36FAB8F81E861AFF57" captionStart="FIGURES 7–18" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1939,1964]" captionTargetBox="[168,1412,186,1906]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[168,1418,166,1919]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 7–18. Habitus of species of Tynacantha in dorsal, ventral and head + pronotum views, respectively. 7–9, Tynacantha marginata; 10–12, Tynacantha splendens; 13–15, Tynacantha cuprea sp. nov.; 16–18, Tynacantha umeridenigrata sp. nov.. Scale bars: 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3368995/files/figure.png" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="447" pageId="1" pageNumber="446">Figs 9, 12, 15, 18</figureCitation>
). Labium slightly surpassing the metacoxae, second segment longest. Antennae five-segmented, second segment the longest.
<emphasis id="EBCDEA896F748E36FE6FFF7A8526FF33" bold="true" box="[444,533,189,215]" pageId="2" pageNumber="447">Thorax</emphasis>
: anterolateral angles of pronotum produced; anterolateral margins of pronotum rectilinear, concolorous with ventral surface and unpunctured; humeral angles acute, not produced (
<figureCitation id="41822A1E6F748E36FB2AFF268785FEFB" captionStart="FIGURES 7–18" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1939,1964]" captionTargetBox="[168,1412,186,1906]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[168,1418,166,1919]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 7–18. Habitus of species of Tynacantha in dorsal, ventral and head + pronotum views, respectively. 7–9, Tynacantha marginata; 10–12, Tynacantha splendens; 13–15, Tynacantha cuprea sp. nov.; 16–18, Tynacantha umeridenigrata sp. nov.. Scale bars: 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3368995/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="447">Figs 9, 12, 15, 18</figureCitation>
). Basal angles of scutellum foveate; frenal margin of scutellum longer than postfrenal margin, apex of scutellum pale calloused or concolorous, reaching the fifth segment of abdomen. Peritreme groove-shaped, apex curved anteriorly and usually with a black spot; evaporatorium on metapleuron surrounding the peritreme, not extending to the lateral margin of thorax; evaporatorium extended onto posterior margin of mesopleuron. Membrane of hemelytra brownish medially or entirely translucent.
<emphasis id="EBCDEA896F748E36FD51FE5385C4FE4B" bold="true" box="[642,759,404,431]" pageId="2" pageNumber="447">Abdomen</emphasis>
: ventral surface unpunctured; abdominal spine reaching at most the anterior margin of metacoxae. Connexival segments brown to dark brown anteriorly and posteriorly, with the medial part pale, or with a lateral line concolorous with the abdominal sternites. Margin of spiracles concolorous with venter.
<emphasis id="EBCDEA896F748E36FEF7FDC686FCFDFF" bold="true" box="[292,463,512,539]" pageId="2" pageNumber="447">Male genitalia</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="41822A1E6F748E36FE0DFDC68550FDFF" box="[478,611,512,539]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 19–33" captionStart-1="FIGURES 34–45" captionStartId-0="6.[151,264,1343,1368]" captionStartId-1="7.[151,264,1793,1818]" captionTargetBox-0="[152,1436,151,1319]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1436,452,1774]" captionTargetId-0="figure@6.[151,1437,151,1323]" captionTargetId-1="figure@7.[151,1436,452,1774]" captionTargetPageId-0="6" captionTargetPageId-1="7" captionText-0="FIGURES 19–33. Pygophore of species of Tynacantha. Pygophore in dorsal (19, 24, 29), posterior (20, 25, 30), and ventral (21, 26, 31) views. Left paramere (22, 27, 32). Left superior process of dorsal rim (23, 28, 33). 19–23, Tynacantha marginata; 24–28, Tynacantha splendens. 29–33, Tynacantha cuprea sp. nov.. Abbreviations: dr = dorsal rim; par = paramere; slvr = superior layer of ventral rim; spdr = superior process of dorsal rim; vr = ventral rim. Scale bars: 19–21, 24–26, 29–31 = 1 mm; 22–23, 27–28, 32–33 = 0,1 mm." captionText-1="FIGURES 34–45. Phallus of species of Tynacantha. Phallus in dorsal (34, 37, 40, 43), lateral (35, 38, 41, 44), and ventral (36, 39, 42, 45) views. 34–36, Tynacantha marginata; 37–39, Tynacantha splendens; 40–42, Tynacantha cuprea sp. nov.; 43–45, generalized phallus. Abbreviations: ap = apical conjunctiva; bt = basal theca; lc = lobes of conjunctiva; sg = secondary gono- pore; ts = thecal shield; v = vesica. Scale bars: 0,1 mm." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/3368997/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/3368999/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="447">Figs 19–45</figureCitation>
): Pygophore wider than long; dorsal rim concave, with 1 + 1 projections; inferior layer of ventral rim concave; superior layer of ventral rim concave with 1 + 1 acute processes, convex laterally; parameres with two branches, ventral surface of the internal branch sculptured; superior process of dorsal rim semicircular, with rounded sculptures dorsally; segment X subrectangular; thecal shield longer and wider than basal theca; apex of conjunctival lobes slightly sclerotized; vesica cup-like with 1+1 tabs laterally; secondary gonopore projected.
<emphasis id="EBCDEA896F748E36FEDCFD7286E6FD2B" bold="true" box="[271,469,692,719]" pageId="2" pageNumber="447">Female genitalia</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="41822A1E6F748E36FE36FD728558FD2B" box="[485,619,692,719]" captionStart="FIGURES 46–53" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1407,1432]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1382]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,181,1382]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 46–53. Female external and internal genitalia of Tynacantha. Genital plates (46–47, 49–50, 52–53). Internal genitalia (48, 51). 46–48, Tynacantha marginata; 49–51, Tynacantha cuprea sp. nov.; 53–53, Tynacantha umeridenigrata sp. nov.. Abbreviations: aaf = anterior annular flange; cs = capsula seminalis; drd = ductus receptaculi distalis; drp = ductus receptaculi proximalis; paf = posterior annular flange; pi = pars intermedialis; rs = ring sclerites; st = secondary thickening of gonapophyses IX; tvi = thickening of vaginal intima; va = vesicular area Scale bars: 46–47, 49–50, 52–53 = 1 mm; 48–51 = 0,1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3369001/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="447">Figs 46–53</figureCitation>
): Gonocoxites VIII as long as wide, laterotergites VIII triangular; gonocoxites IX rectangular, lateral margins projected over the laterotergites IX; laterotergites IX longer than wide, surpassing the segment X, reaching the sclerite VIII; gonapophyses IX with 1+1 slightly sclerotized areas surrounding the ring sclerites; ring sclerites circular; 1+1 secondary thickenings of gonapophyses IX crescent-like; thickening of vaginal intima tube-like with an anterior elliptic projection; capsula seminalis globose; anterior and posterior annular flanges projected posteriorly; ductus receptaculi proximalis longer than vesicular area.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="91A365106F748E36FF14FC4A8664FC28" pageId="2" pageNumber="447" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="D906369B6F748E36FF14FC4A8664FC28" blockId="2.[151,1437,152,972]" pageId="2" pageNumber="447">
<emphasis id="EBCDEA896F748E36FF14FC4A8608FC43" bold="true" box="[199,315,909,935]" pageId="2" pageNumber="447">Remarks.</emphasis>
The bright color and the black spots on the ventral surface of abdomen can change after preservation (see Discussion).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="91A365106F748E36FF44FBDA85AEFBD3" box="[151,669,1053,1080]" pageId="2" pageNumber="447" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="D906369B6F748E36FF44FBDA85AEFBD3" blockId="2.[151,669,1053,1080]" box="[151,669,1053,1080]" pageId="2" pageNumber="447">
<heading id="824E81F76F748E36FF44FBDA85AEFBD3" bold="true" box="[151,669,1053,1080]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="447" reason="1">
<emphasis id="EBCDEA896F748E36FF44FBDA85AEFBD3" bold="true" box="[151,669,1053,1080]" pageId="2" pageNumber="447">
Key to species of
<taxonomicName id="1EB94D186F748E36FEBDFBDA85AEFBD3" authority="Dallas, 1851" authorityName="Dallas" authorityYear="1851" box="[366,669,1053,1080]" class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Tynacantha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="447" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="EBCDEA896F748E36FEBDFBDA86CDFBDC" bold="true" box="[366,510,1053,1080]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="447">Tynacantha</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="BD284B6A6F748E36FDD5FBDA85AEFBD3" author="Dallas W. S." box="[518,669,1053,1079]" pageId="2" pageNumber="447" refId="ref8732" refString="Dallas W. S. (1851) List of Specimens of Hemipterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum, Pt. 1. Taylor &amp; Francis, London. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 20373" type="book" year="1851">Dallas, 1851</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="91A365106F748E36FF44FBA582AFFA5D" pageId="2" pageNumber="447" type="key">
<keyStep id="624D2E3E6F748E36FF44FBA582AFFB2B" pageId="2" pageNumber="447">
<paragraph id="D906369B6F748E36FF44FBA582AFFB71" blockId="2.[151,1437,1121,1231]" pageId="2" pageNumber="447">
<keyLead id="624895AE6F748E36FF44FBA582AFFB71" pageId="2" pageNumber="447">
1 Apex of scutellum without a pale and calloused spot; segments of connexivum not alternated, lateral margin concolorous with the abdominal sternites (
<figureCitation id="41822A1E6F748E36FE1EFBB88539FB70" box="[461,522,1151,1173]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–6" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1903,1928]" captionTargetBox="[156,1416,1495,1871]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1435,1487,1884]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 1–6. Lectotypes of T. marginata and T. splendes and their respective labels. 1–3, Tynacantha marginata. 4–6, Tynacantha splendens. (photos by T. Roell)" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3368993/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="447">Figs 1</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="41822A1E6F748E36FDC5FBB88510FB70" box="[534,547,1151,1172]" captionStart="FIGURES 7–18" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1939,1964]" captionTargetBox="[168,1412,186,1906]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[168,1418,166,1919]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 7–18. Habitus of species of Tynacantha in dorsal, ventral and head + pronotum views, respectively. 7–9, Tynacantha marginata; 10–12, Tynacantha splendens; 13–15, Tynacantha cuprea sp. nov.; 16–18, Tynacantha umeridenigrata sp. nov.. Scale bars: 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3368995/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="447">7</figureCitation>
).........................................................
<taxonomicName id="1EB94D186F748E36FB0DFB4782AFFB71" authority="Dallas" authorityName="Dallas" authorityYear="1851" box="[1246,1436,1151,1173]" class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Tynacantha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="447" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marginata">
<emphasis id="EBCDEA896F748E36FB0DFB47826AFB71" box="[1246,1369,1152,1173]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="447">T. marginata</emphasis>
Dallas
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D906369B6F748E36FF44FB5A82AFFB2B" blockId="2.[151,1437,1121,1231]" pageId="2" pageNumber="447">
<keyLead id="624895AE6F748E36FF44FB5A82AFFB2B" pageId="2" pageNumber="447">
- Apex of scutellum with a pale and calloused spot; segments of connexivum alternated brown to dark brown anteriorly and posteriorly, medial area pale (
<figureCitation id="41822A1E6F748E36FE2DFB7E850EFB2B" box="[510,573,1209,1231]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–6" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1903,1928]" captionTargetBox="[156,1416,1495,1871]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1435,1487,1884]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 1–6. Lectotypes of T. marginata and T. splendes and their respective labels. 1–3, Tynacantha marginata. 4–6, Tynacantha splendens. (photos by T. Roell)" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3368993/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="447">Figs 4</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="41822A1E6F748E36FD94FB7D859BFB2B" box="[583,680,1209,1231]" captionStart="FIGURES 7–18" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1939,1964]" captionTargetBox="[168,1412,186,1906]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[168,1418,166,1919]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 7–18. Habitus of species of Tynacantha in dorsal, ventral and head + pronotum views, respectively. 7–9, Tynacantha marginata; 10–12, Tynacantha splendens; 13–15, Tynacantha cuprea sp. nov.; 16–18, Tynacantha umeridenigrata sp. nov.. Scale bars: 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3368995/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="447">10, 13, 16</figureCitation>
)............................................................. 2
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="624D2E3E6F748E36FF44FB1082AFFAA0" pageId="2" pageNumber="447">
<paragraph id="D906369B6F748E36FF44FB1082AFFAEE" blockId="2.[151,1436,1239,1349]" pageId="2" pageNumber="447">
<keyLead id="624895AE6F748E36FF44FB1082AFFAEE" pageId="2" pageNumber="447">
2 Membrane of hemelytra entirely translucent; pale and calloused spot at apex of scutellum occupying half of the postfrenal lobe (Central America) (
<figureCitation id="41822A1E6F748E36FE4FFB3386E8FAED" box="[412,475,1268,1290]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–6" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1903,1928]" captionTargetBox="[156,1416,1495,1871]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1435,1487,1884]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 1–6. Lectotypes of T. marginata and T. splendes and their respective labels. 1–3, Tynacantha marginata. 4–6, Tynacantha splendens. (photos by T. Roell)" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3368993/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="447">Figs 4</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="41822A1E6F748E36FE36FB3386CDFAEE" box="[485,510,1268,1290]" captionStart="FIGURES 7–18" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1939,1964]" captionTargetBox="[168,1412,186,1906]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[168,1418,166,1919]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 7–18. Habitus of species of Tynacantha in dorsal, ventral and head + pronotum views, respectively. 7–9, Tynacantha marginata; 10–12, Tynacantha splendens; 13–15, Tynacantha cuprea sp. nov.; 16–18, Tynacantha umeridenigrata sp. nov.. Scale bars: 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3368995/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="447">10</figureCitation>
)............................................................
<taxonomicName id="1EB94D186F748E36FB08FB3282AFFAEE" authority="Distant" authorityName="Distant" authorityYear="1889" box="[1243,1436,1268,1290]" class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Tynacantha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="447" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="splendens">
<emphasis id="EBCDEA896F748E36FB08FB328262FAED" box="[1243,1361,1268,1290]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="447">T. splendens</emphasis>
Distant
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D906369B6F748E36FF44FAD582AFFAA0" blockId="2.[151,1436,1239,1349]" pageId="2" pageNumber="447">
<keyLead id="624895AE6F748E36FF44FAD582AFFAA0" pageId="2" pageNumber="447">
- Membrane of hemelytra brownish medially; pale and calloused spot of scutellum restricted to the apex of postfrenal lobe (South America) (
<figureCitation id="41822A1E6F748E36FE9AFAE88684FAA1" box="[329,439,1327,1349]" captionStart="FIGURES 7–18" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1939,1964]" captionTargetBox="[168,1412,186,1906]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[168,1418,166,1919]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 7–18. Habitus of species of Tynacantha in dorsal, ventral and head + pronotum views, respectively. 7–9, Tynacantha marginata; 10–12, Tynacantha splendens; 13–15, Tynacantha cuprea sp. nov.; 16–18, Tynacantha umeridenigrata sp. nov.. Scale bars: 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3368995/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="447">Figs 13, 16</figureCitation>
)................................................................................. 3
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="624D2E3E6F748E36FF44FA8B82AFFA5D" pageId="2" pageNumber="447">
<paragraph id="D906369B6F748E36FF44FA8B82AFFA9B" blockId="2.[151,1436,1356,1466]" pageId="2" pageNumber="447">
<keyLead id="624895AE6F748E36FF44FA8B82AFFA9B" pageId="2" pageNumber="447">
3 Humeral angles distinctly black and punctured (
<figureCitation id="41822A1E6F748E36FD79FA8B85C3FA86" box="[682,752,1356,1378]" captionStart="FIGURES 7–18" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1939,1964]" captionTargetBox="[168,1412,186,1906]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[168,1418,166,1919]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 7–18. Habitus of species of Tynacantha in dorsal, ventral and head + pronotum views, respectively. 7–9, Tynacantha marginata; 10–12, Tynacantha splendens; 13–15, Tynacantha cuprea sp. nov.; 16–18, Tynacantha umeridenigrata sp. nov.. Scale bars: 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3368995/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="447">Fig. 18</figureCitation>
); intersegmental areas of connexivum light brown; posterior margins of gonocoxites VIII sinuous (
<figureCitation id="41822A1E6F748E36FE32FAAE8514FA9B" box="[481,551,1385,1407]" captionStart="FIGURES 46–53" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1407,1432]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1382]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,181,1382]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 46–53. Female external and internal genitalia of Tynacantha. Genital plates (46–47, 49–50, 52–53). Internal genitalia (48, 51). 46–48, Tynacantha marginata; 49–51, Tynacantha cuprea sp. nov.; 53–53, Tynacantha umeridenigrata sp. nov.. Abbreviations: aaf = anterior annular flange; cs = capsula seminalis; drd = ductus receptaculi distalis; drp = ductus receptaculi proximalis; paf = posterior annular flange; pi = pars intermedialis; rs = ring sclerites; st = secondary thickening of gonapophyses IX; tvi = thickening of vaginal intima; va = vesicular area Scale bars: 46–47, 49–50, 52–53 = 1 mm; 48–51 = 0,1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3369001/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="447">Fig. 53</figureCitation>
)....................................
<taxonomicName id="1EB94D186F748E36FC0CFAAD8279FA9B" authority="Brugnera &amp; Grazia" authorityName="Brugnera &amp; Campos &amp; Grazia" authorityYear="2019" box="[991,1354,1385,1407]" class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Tynacantha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="447" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="umeridenigrata" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="EBCDEA896F748E36FC0CFAAD83B8FA9B" box="[991,1163,1386,1407]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="447">T. umeridenigrata</emphasis>
Brugnera &amp; Grazia
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="EBCDEA896F748E36FA83FAAD82AFFA9B" bold="true" box="[1360,1436,1386,1407]" pageId="2" pageNumber="447">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F0FE57F26F748E36FA83FAAD82AFFA9B" box="[1360,1436,1386,1407]" pageId="2" pageNumber="447" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D906369B6F748E36FF44FA4082AFFA5D" blockId="2.[151,1436,1356,1466]" pageId="2" pageNumber="447">
<keyLead id="624895AE6F748E36FF44FA4082AFFA5D" pageId="2" pageNumber="447">
- Humeral angles concolorous with pronotum, unpunctured (
<figureCitation id="41822A1E6F748E36FCCAFA408453FA79" box="[793,864,1415,1437]" captionStart="FIGURES 7–18" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1939,1964]" captionTargetBox="[168,1412,186,1906]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[168,1418,166,1919]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 7–18. Habitus of species of Tynacantha in dorsal, ventral and head + pronotum views, respectively. 7–9, Tynacantha marginata; 10–12, Tynacantha splendens; 13–15, Tynacantha cuprea sp. nov.; 16–18, Tynacantha umeridenigrata sp. nov.. Scale bars: 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3368995/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="447">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
); intersegmental areas of connexivum black; posterior margins of gonocoxites VIII almost rectilinear (
<figureCitation id="41822A1E6F748E36FD54FA6385FEFA5E" box="[647,717,1444,1466]" captionStart="FIGURES 46–53" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1407,1432]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1382]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,181,1382]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 46–53. Female external and internal genitalia of Tynacantha. Genital plates (46–47, 49–50, 52–53). Internal genitalia (48, 51). 46–48, Tynacantha marginata; 49–51, Tynacantha cuprea sp. nov.; 53–53, Tynacantha umeridenigrata sp. nov.. Abbreviations: aaf = anterior annular flange; cs = capsula seminalis; drd = ductus receptaculi distalis; drp = ductus receptaculi proximalis; paf = posterior annular flange; pi = pars intermedialis; rs = ring sclerites; st = secondary thickening of gonapophyses IX; tvi = thickening of vaginal intima; va = vesicular area Scale bars: 46–47, 49–50, 52–53 = 1 mm; 48–51 = 0,1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3369001/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="447">Fig. 50</figureCitation>
).............................
<taxonomicName id="1EB94D186F748E36FBE1FA628279FA5E" authority="Brugnera &amp; Grazia" authorityName="Brugnera &amp; Campos &amp; Grazia" authorityYear="2019" box="[1074,1354,1444,1466]" class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Tynacantha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="447" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cuprea" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="EBCDEA896F748E36FBE1FA6283BFFA5E" box="[1074,1164,1445,1466]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="447">T. cuprea</emphasis>
Brugnera &amp; Grazia
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="EBCDEA896F748E36FA83FA6382AFFA5D" bold="true" box="[1360,1436,1444,1465]" pageId="2" pageNumber="447">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F0FE57F26F748E36FA83FA6382AFFA5D" box="[1360,1436,1444,1465]" pageId="2" pageNumber="447" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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