222 lines
37 KiB
XML
222 lines
37 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="7AAF16030B4E13F3037A7FC1127DA6A6">Contributions toward a reclassification of the Formicidae. Part VI. Ponerinae, tribe Ponerini, subtribe Odontomachiti. Section B. Genus Anochetus and bibliography.</mods:title>
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<mods:title id="BEE2AC86B7DABB11753389BED44FDD1D">Studia Entomologica</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="0346146C1B801604836D77669B574DA3">1978</mods:date>
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<mods:identifier id="FD164E22F081420C3C0FB62DC6FA1DA7" type="HNS-Pub">6757</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="40A9210DFAAE8368BCDA0E37984C8D7C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6284112" ID-GBIF-Taxon="100103692" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6284112" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:40A9210DFAAE8368BCDA0E37984C8D7C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/40A9210DFAAE8368BCDA0E37984C8D7C" lastPageId="37" lastPageNumber="586" pageId="33" pageNumber="582">
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<subSubSection id="CDAD647646BE2D2A157437053577A9C7" pageId="33" pageNumber="582" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="D67CC8124A4F2CE31375BAF1E039EE21" pageId="33" pageNumber="582" type="mainText">
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[12]
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<taxonomicName id="DB280900C62112119353F40B5FC53875" ID-CoL="66RXR" ID-ENA="602496" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:25286" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Anochetus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Anochetus modicus Brown" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="582" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="modicus" status="new species">Anochetus modicus</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="08ABB45C783DE55484FA146E419474B4" pageId="33" pageNumber="582" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="7F948BA9E0248681CA48FD5C347A45DB" lastPageId="35" lastPageNumber="584" pageId="33" pageNumber="582" type="description">
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<paragraph id="A5CC89D48F24AEB521442AC0D3C5A857" pageId="33" pageNumber="582" type="mainText">Worker, holotype: TL 5.9, HL 1.45, HW 1.25, ML 0.84, WL 1.90, scape L 1.17, eye L 0.21 mm; Cl 86, MI 58.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="7BD52D769341D562752CA04664ECBD8E" lastPageId="34" lastPageNumber="583" pageId="33" pageNumber="582" type="mainText">
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Color rich, bright, brownish-red; corners of head, mandibles, antennae, legs, petiole and gastric apex lighter, more yellowish. A member of the
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<taxonomicName id="DE54E9A30138255543F85AB0D547E49E" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:25306" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Anochetus" kingdom="Animalia" lastPageId="34" lastPageNumber="583" lsidName-HNS="Anochetus risii Forel" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="582" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="risii">
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A.
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<pageBreakToken id="E0EE94FE06DAA4FF42E17F2898D3368D" pageId="34" pageNumber="583" start="start">risii</pageBreakToken>
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</taxonomicName>
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group in habitus, mandibular form and armament, and body sculpture, but differing from
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<taxonomicName id="DA7A6EEA975FEB5AF8D0F3C26CC6CBD1" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:25306" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Anochetus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Anochetus risii Forel" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="582" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="risii">risii</taxonomicName>
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, apart from smaller size and darker color, in the relatively shorter mandibles, scapes and eyes, as well as the following:
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="EFF6424A4D67480FAC70D0E0137BDF49" pageId="34" pageNumber="583" type="mainText">
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1. Scapes surpass posterior margins of
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<normalizedToken id="E4B37727DC665487E21FCB45DA6DDE43" originalValue="«occipital»" pageId="34" pageNumber="583">"occipital"</normalizedToken>
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lobes by an amount less than the length of the first funicular segment.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="E158613C044EA2DB226E3D7227799E66" pageId="34" pageNumber="583" type="mainText">2. Mesonotal disc reduced to a mere smooth, transversely straplike, raised strip, 4 times or more wider than long, limiting the strong longitudinal costulae of the metanotal saddle anteriorly.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="CC8D78E1F6279A35168EBDF4AF670859" pageId="34" pageNumber="583" type="mainText">
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3. Petiolar node smooth, moderately stout, almost perfectly erect, narrowly rounded at apex, but more broadly so than in
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<taxonomicName id="5D8EC3CE6922EDE9101EDE9C4733C9B2" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:25306" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Anochetus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Anochetus risii Forel" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="583" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="risii">risii</taxonomicName>
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, and not nippled; as seen in side view outline, both anterior and posterior slopes gently convex; base of petiole horizontally costulate, and with a brief anterior peduncle.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="1D0EB563C4869E3AB8155613D3028142" pageId="34" pageNumber="583" type="mainText">Body shining. Frontal striation weak, extending only a short way beyond frontal carinae caudad, not fanning out widely, leaving most of central vertex smooth and shining. Pronotum smooth and shining, the only distinct sculpture, aside from occasional faint traces of lateral striae, and some piligerous punctures, is the usual transverse striation of cervix, becoming coarser, more costulate, on base of anterior slope of pronotal disc. Meso- and metapleura smooth and shining, the former with distinct transverse suture. Propodeal dorsum transversely costulate, the costulae irregular and about 30 in number, with 4-5 more on declivity. Gaster smooth and shining, narrowed behind basal segment, but not noticeably constricted.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="00FC75F2ED144AA52E04E55E64F4EB82" pageId="34" pageNumber="583" type="mainText">Long, fine, erect and inclined hairs fairly numerous and generally distributed over dorsal surfaces, undersides of head and gaster, anterior side of front coxae, and scapes and legs; up to 0.25 mm long on pronotum and gastric dorsum, but mostly not much over 0.1 mm elsewhere. Pubescence fine, mostly restricted to appendages.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="D07D37F9EA3BA7D391741F038C1BF3E8" pageId="34" pageNumber="583" type="mainText">Worker variation, paratypes: Of the 9 workers available, 5, including the holotype, are from Moaratoa 1., Borneo; 3 are from Tjibodas, Java; and 1 is from the Cuernos Mts., Negros I., Philippines. The combined measurements and indices for these are: TL 4.8-5.9, HL 1.21-1.45, HW 1.06-1.29, ML 0.71- 0.87, WL 1.50-1.80, scape L 1.01-1.21, eye L 0.16-0.21 mm; Cl 84-90, MI 58-62. The Moaratoa workers average larger (TL 5.7-5.9, HL 1.40-1.45, HW 1.22-1.24 mm; Cl 86-90, MI 58), but have slightly shorter trunks (WL 1.73- 1.74) than do the Javanese workers (WL 1.77-1.80), even though in other dimensions the latter are smaller: TL 5.5-5.7, HL 1.37-1.40, HW 1.15-1.18 mm; Cl 84-86, MI 58-62.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="4049E2961E47FD63659B185391C50DF9" pageId="34" pageNumber="583" type="mainText">The single Philippine worker is small (TL 4.8, HL 1.21, HW 1.06, WL 1.50 mm; Cl 88, MI 59) and pale brownish-red in color, with the head slightly darker. Its petiolar node is a little more slender in side view than in the other 2 series.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="946E2F6F0E02C3636286CB1FF9E44D49" pageId="34" pageNumber="583" type="mainText">While the Moaratoa series has fairly regular transverse costulation of the propodeal dorsum, the Tjibodas sample has the propodeal dorsum covered with mainly disoriented rugulation, showing only weak and partial organization into transverse costulae.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="48442DD9AFBA7F14A78F28EB4A3288EA" pageId="34" pageNumber="583" type="mainText">Queen, paratypes: Two specimens, one a callow alate taken with the Moaratoa series, the other a dealate taken alone in the Cuernos Mts. of Negros I. at "4000 ft." (about 1220 m). Moaratoa I.: TL 6.9, HL 1.54, HW 1.40, ML 0.84, WL 2.00, scape L 1.17, eye L 0.32 mm; Cl 91, Ml 55. Cuernos Mts., Philippines: TL 5.9, HL 1.31, HW 1.22, ML 0.78, WL 1.88, scape L 1.10, eye L 0.29 mm; Cl 93, MI 60.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="E0981D55D3C69844AA7C9BF2254975EB" pageId="34" pageNumber="583" type="mainText">The Moaratoa queen is winged (forewing L about 4 mm) and dull, light reddish-brown in color (callow); the Philippine specimen is dealate and light brownish-yellow. Pronotum and mesonotum smooth and shining (faint traces of diagonal striation on side of pronotum in Moaratoa queen).</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="E96F6C3A65D788940E2D15DF85B68C76" pageId="35" pageNumber="584" type="mainText">
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<pageBreakToken id="3168683E7AA6DA183D7846A7F2D36F16" pageId="35" pageNumber="584" start="start">Male</pageBreakToken>
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: single specimen mounted on same pin with worker from Cuernos Mts., Philippines: TL 4.4, HL 0.71, HW (including eyes) 0.92, ML (closed mandibles) 0.11, WL 1.62, forewing L 3.3 mm.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="65A9E7D3210BF27AD16C0ADE86EC2401" pageId="35" pageNumber="584" type="mainText">Color dark brown, gaster slightly paler, especially toward apex; antennae tan; legs, mouthparts and genital capsule sordid yellowish. Eyes taking up about 2/3 of sides of head. Lateral ocelli separated from eye by about 0.2 mm, and distant from anterior ocellus by about the diameter of the latter. Mandibles small, cuneiform as seen from above, acute, with conspicuous circular white basin at base.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="3E520BFC7D618B05D10A9B647C3D154B" pageId="35" pageNumber="584" type="mainText">Trunk robust, with convex dorsum and pleura; notauli obsolete, except for shallow longitudinal sulcus at rear of scutum; scutellum prominent, hemispherical; metanotum short, convex; propodeum convex, dorsum rounded into declivity; its spiracle very small, elliptical. Petiolar node subsquamiform; bluntly cuneiform as seen from side, with both anterior and posterior slopes slightly convex; sides convex, and apex rather broadly rounded as seen from in front. Gaster almost imperceptibly constricted after postpetiolar segment.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="6E46F5C21B28711A0F4E4BAA0AA1A4FD" pageId="35" pageNumber="584" type="mainText">Terminalia unremarkable; pygidium folded, lightly sclerotized, and thus forming a barely acute beak; hypopygium narrow-linguiform, tapered to a truncate apex, its ventral surface convex. Parameres broadly subcuneiform in side view, with rounded apices; outer surfaces convex; bent slightly mesad just beyond their midlength as seen from dorsal view. Aedeagus thick; volsellae each with digitus and cuspis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="578D0F4E378A523CC6AEA84DBF8283E9" pageId="35" pageNumber="584" type="mainText">Tibial apices each with two spurs on middle and hind legs, of which the mesial spur of the hind leg is large and broadly pectinate. Hind wing with a well-developed anal lobe.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C7667876856D5504CD8D75C47EA4C2CF" pageId="35" pageNumber="584" type="mainText">Entire body weakly to moderately shining, mostly smooth, with numerous fine piligerous punctures; additional fine shagreening around the periphery of the scutum, on anterolateral faces of propodeum, etc.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="BF7F21A44FD29B96009E2676AC488164" pageId="35" pageNumber="584" type="mainText">Virtually the entire, normally-exposed body surface and appendages covered with a short, dense, pubescence-like investiture, decumbent on extremities of appendages, but becoming erect or suberect on mesonotum and elsewhere. A few longer (but still short and fine) hairs on ocellar triangle (otherwise nearly bare, and very smooth), on anterior cheeks, on metanotum, on apex of petiolar node, and toward gastric apex.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="CCC630586540705F960267E645B641D4" pageId="35" pageNumber="584" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="DE96B6599143F2B9BBA0D0C601D91F46" pageId="35" pageNumber="584" type="mainText">
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Holotype worker (MCZ) and 4 paratype workers with one callow alate queen from "Moaratoa Isl[and], Borneo, [E.]
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<normalizedToken id="477F44FC26B87F9494963F6E5F372573" originalValue="Mjöberg»" pageId="35" pageNumber="584">Mjoeberg"</normalizedToken>
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. I have not been able to find a locality with this exact name on maps, charts, or gazetteers of the Borneo area.
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<normalizedToken id="AE040DC8FBFF1171E3F63DA570A7D446" originalValue="«Moara»" pageId="35" pageNumber="584">"Moara"</normalizedToken>
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in Malay means "mouth of river". The most similar island name I located is Maratua Island, for an atoll including a hill in the Celebes Sea southeast of Tarakan, off the east coast of Kalimantan Timur (Indonesian Borneo), but I am not at all certain whether this is the same as
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<normalizedToken id="2A938BF5D65EBEC48ED788CA08F67121" originalValue="Mjöberg’s" pageId="35" pageNumber="584">Mjoeberg's</normalizedToken>
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locality. Other paratypes (MCZ) are 3 workers from Tjibodas, Java, 1400 m (without
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<normalizedToken id="1706FCF734A12A6263384BC59706D85C" originalValue="collector’s" pageId="35" pageNumber="584">collector's</normalizedToken>
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name, but one specimen carrying the label "jumping ant"; also the single worker with one male from
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<normalizedToken id="58E3C25048F6F032F2C42CDB299F1514" originalValue="Chapman’s" pageId="35" pageNumber="584">Chapman's</normalizedToken>
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Camp, at about 1100 m in the Cuernos Mts., near Dumaguete, Negros Oriental, Philippines (J. W. Chapman). A single dealate queen also comes from "4000 ft." (about 1220 m) in the Cuernos Mts, (Chapman).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="D63ECF7B8D41D76401BB3E20BD6EEA25" lastPageId="37" lastPageNumber="586" pageId="35" pageNumber="584" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="D4B2900C134A4639A59EAC0D4E12DC9B" pageId="35" pageNumber="584" type="mainText">
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This species is similar to several species of the
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<taxonomicName id="7ADC746BD6A2475701DD8ED4AA3DA928" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:25306" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Anochetus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Anochetus risii Forel" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="584" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="risii">risii</taxonomicName>
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group; in fact, it is as nearly
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<normalizedToken id="3A4DEA1A103BCC1DCCD102B2162FCFA3" originalValue="«average»" pageId="35" pageNumber="584">"average"</normalizedToken>
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a form for the group as one could hope to find. The very short, straplike, mesonotal disc is one distinctive feature; the mandibles are longer than in
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<taxonomicName id="780A7E3387C1362A226EDDD600DAD39A" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:25244" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Anochetus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Anochetus brevis Brown" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="584" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevis">A. brevis</taxonomicName>
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, and its much more restricted frontal striation will distinguish
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<taxonomicName id="166C007D0B53FFED6D2846E46679135D" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:25286" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Anochetus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Anochetus modicus Brown" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="584" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="modicus">modicus</taxonomicName>
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from
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<taxonomicName id="DF878155D7B0C7B0CB0D6FE89D661E2F" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:25316" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Anochetus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Anochetus strigatellus Brown" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="584" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="strigatellus">A. strigatellus</taxonomicName>
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; the smooth, shining pronotum separates it from the similar-sized A. incuttus. Probably
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<taxonomicName id="B41958D502DC426B8175F18F6D606726" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:25286" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Anochetus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Anochetus modicus Brown" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="584" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="modicus">A. modicus</taxonomicName>
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will be found eventually to be a widespread species in wet upland forests of the Sunda islands.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="648ACABA077290C1BD37D18FF232D9A6" pageId="36" pageNumber="585" type="mainText">
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<pageBreakToken id="5753422E0A52489FADFD5710164D7C47" pageId="36" pageNumber="585" start="start">[</pageBreakToken>
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13]
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<bibRefCitation id="C6D21D51789250330FD5813E98826B56" author="Wilson, E. O." journalOrPublisher="Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. Harv." pagination="481 - 515" part="120" refId="ref52855" refString="Wilson, E. O., 1959, Studies on the ant fauna of Melanesia. V. The tribe Odontomachini. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. Harv., 120: 481 - 515." title="Studies on the ant fauna of Melanesia. V. The tribe Odontomachini" type="journal article" year="1959">Wilson (1959: 504-505</bibRefCitation>
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, 508-509, fig. 2) outlined the largely complementary distributions of
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<taxonomicName id="003826AAC40F04830F681A56C9EB7975" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:25245" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Anochetus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Anochetus cato Forel" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="585" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cato">A. cato</taxonomicName>
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(New Guinea, Bismarck Archipelago, and all but the most easterly Solomons Islands) and the
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<taxonomicName id="1F08E6BB05758A9BABEBDDA685242739" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:25270" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Anochetus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Anochetus isolatus Mann" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="585" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="isolatus">A. isolatus</taxonomicName>
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superspecies (peripheral to
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<taxonomicName id="431ADEFB3212915D2F340A9DF6BF58E0" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:25245" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Anochetus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Anochetus cato Forel" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="585" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cato">cato</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the eastern Solomons - Santa Cruz Group, Waigeo I., Aru Is., and Yap I. in the Carolines). He also mentioned my interpretation of this central-peripheral pattern as one more case of a derived animal species replacing an older, related one from the middle of the range outward, a sequence that I feel is readily inferred from a number of distributional patterns seen in insects, birds and mammals of the Melanesian region. As so often happens, the accumulation of additional material in the cato-isolatus group complicates the picture as we saw it in 1959. (See figs. 38 and 55).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B5197865CC5E1524B5F428AFFA061B3D" pageId="36" pageNumber="585" type="mainText">
|
||
In the first place, we now know that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C30C4BED7E5F408EF1552B82C50467C0" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:25270" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Anochetus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Anochetus isolatus Mann" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="585" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="isolatus">isolatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
occurs in the Philippines (several collections from the Cuernos Mts., near Dumaguete, Negros Oriental, by J. W. Chapman, and an alate queen from Mt. Banahao, S Luzon, collector unknown), on Guadalcanal I. in the Solomons (Honiara, Kukum, by P. J. M. Greenslade; Ilvbush, by Greenslade, workers and a dealate queen); and on the mainland of New Guinea.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="155668EEE857E3D9DD8264C78A6C245E" pageId="36" pageNumber="585" type="mainText">
|
||
<normalizedToken id="83D44F3C306536E22D9B154132D127A2" originalValue="Donisthorpe’s" pageId="36" pageNumber="585">Donisthorpe's</normalizedToken>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59BDBFE5E314F181B53612A207B6D55A" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:133638" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Anochetus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Anochetus rossi (Donisthorpe)" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="585" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rossi">A. rossi</taxonomicName>
|
||
of 1947 was synonymized by Wilson under
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B9F16519CF8F5FA326F3818FABEDADB7" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:25245" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Anochetus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Anochetus cato Forel" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="585" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cato">A. cato</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but Wilson neglected to determine the identity of
|
||
<normalizedToken id="DFE347E25F5C40C0460BAE4647DB1D0F" originalValue="Donisthorpe’s" pageId="36" pageNumber="585">Donisthorpe's</normalizedToken>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="970A310857CE6E0494AC0CB4C33B4E21" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:133638" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Anochetus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Anochetus rossi (Donisthorpe)" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="585" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rossi">A. rossi</taxonomicName>
|
||
of 1949 from Finschafen, except to say that the 1947 and 1949 forms represent different species. In fact, the 1949
|
||
<taxonomicName id="72DBC139DDFB2C387AF57CC6F25AE52E" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:133638" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Anochetus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Anochetus rossi (Donisthorpe)" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="585" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rossi">A. rossi</taxonomicName>
|
||
types are
|
||
<taxonomicName id="55FE4BB63C457FEB8455A77D6FB3D0B4" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:25270" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Anochetus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Anochetus isolatus Mann" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="585" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="isolatus">isolatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FB247DDFBAA044DC2513F65335CDFCC2" pageId="36" pageNumber="585" type="mainText">
|
||
Members of the "
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2AD9E0DB6C6D54B017DA4D31E7BD3506" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:25270" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Anochetus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Anochetus isolatus Mann" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="585" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="isolatus">isolatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
superspecies" vary in color; the head, or head and trunk, usually are darker than, or concolorous with, the petiole and gaster.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8331E2F9D2C3DE0A5F3F95191E8EFBCF" author="Wilson, E. O." journalOrPublisher="Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. Harv." pagination="481 - 515" part="120" refId="ref52855" refString="Wilson, E. O., 1959, Studies on the ant fauna of Melanesia. V. The tribe Odontomachini. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. Harv., 120: 481 - 515." title="Studies on the ant fauna of Melanesia. V. The tribe Odontomachini" type="journal article" year="1959">Wilson (1959: 503</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, couplet 7), described
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DB75AC89E6E52DE2A401820F953CC0B6" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:25270" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Anochetus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Anochetus isolatus Mann" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="585" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="isotatus">A. isotatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
thus: "Head and alitrunk dark reddish brown, petiole and gaster dark yellowish brown...", while in the same couplet (p. 504), he characterized
|
||
<taxonomicName id="AB7B41D8AD3FE1B5461FBFC4125FFEAB" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:133668" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Anochetus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Anochetus splendens Karavaiev" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="585" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="splendens">A. splendens</taxonomicName>
|
||
as: "Head and alitrunk light yellowish brown, petiole and gaster light reddish brown". Since he did not see the type of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FB557C6D0D5444E19657A70DED87DEDE" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:133668" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Anochetus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Anochetus splendens Karavaiev" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="585" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="splendens">splendens</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the color had to be divined from
|
||
<normalizedToken id="08DF9DCC763B4013393A9D84FF348633" originalValue="Karawajew’s" pageId="36" pageNumber="585">Karawajew's</normalizedToken>
|
||
original description, which, however, reads: "Kopf und Thorax kastanien-braun... Beine, Petiolus, und Abdomen gelblich rostfarben". From this I judge that splertderts really differs little if at all from average specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8CD93500AD49CE1616C38BCCB4310D62" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:25270" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Anochetus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Anochetus isolatus Mann" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="585" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="isolatus">isolatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the Solomons, or from the types of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="025674861A9A5A0037F7998B7C519889" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:133638" authority="Donisthorpe 1949" authorityName="Donisthorpe" authorityYear="1949" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Anochetus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Anochetus rossi (Donisthorpe)" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="585" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rossi">
|
||
Anochetus rossi
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1794778DEBD6E6AFC5AEA3D73F2487D9" author="Donisthorpe, H." journalOrPublisher="Ann. Mag. Natur. Hist." pagination="744 - 759" part="12" refId="ref47299" refString="- 1949 (1948), A sixth installment of the Ross Collection of ants from New Guinea. Ann. Mag. Natur. Hist., (12) 1: 744 - 759." title="A sixth installment of the Ross Collection of ants from New Guinea" type="journal article" year="1949">Donisthorpe 1949</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(not 1947) (Finschafen, New Guinea, E. S. Ross; worker specimen, CAS-San Francisco, No. 6977, is hereby designated as lectotype, while the queen with the same data and number is considered as paralectotype). This second
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9DF7391F3322BFEC3C1BDB9180EA24F1" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:133638" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Anochetus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Anochetus rossi (Donisthorpe)" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="585" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rossi">A. rossi</taxonomicName>
|
||
matches well with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="88B2EBF7F56153E811BC0AD5CD8D8EBA" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:25270" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Anochetus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Anochetus isolatus Mann" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="585" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="isolatus">A. isolatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
, ond I have accordingly placed it in synonymy.
|
||
<normalizedToken id="22CD866667F65A89CFE4871E0CF50115" originalValue="Donisthorpe’s" pageId="36" pageNumber="585">Donisthorpe's</normalizedToken>
|
||
description of the color of the worker as "reddish yellow" is misleading; I would call the lectotype brownish-red, with the gaster slightly lighter, more yellowish-red.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F70A0DBCEF9668F33639B45499700E2D" pageId="36" pageNumber="585" type="mainText">
|
||
<normalizedToken id="618D3F9DD3307A2CFC08C9B86C39048B" originalValue="Karawajew’s" pageId="36" pageNumber="585">Karawajew's</normalizedToken>
|
||
figures and description of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4DE7053EC4BD7757C187CB86A2B30DFB" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:133668" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Anochetus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Anochetus splendens Karavaiev" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="585" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="splendens">splendens</taxonomicName>
|
||
are reasonably good, but reveal no characters that will separate this species from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D51EECC416C3A000549D9EBC96A5A94D" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:25270" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Anochetus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Anochetus isolatus Mann" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="585" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="isolatus">A. isolatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
, so I consider these two to be synonyms as well.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="4647968A3CAA1F583F2FBA9911385F5E" lastPageId="37" lastPageNumber="586" pageId="36" pageNumber="585" type="mainText">
|
||
Integrating these new facts and interpretations into our old pattern, we can see that the main trends are still the same.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CB68A437512AC2ABBF67C7CA2E61E4B6" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:25245" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Anochetus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Anochetus cato Forel" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="585" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cato">A. cato</taxonomicName>
|
||
<pageBreakToken id="465D291E433307A3B2B0F20139570059" pageId="37" pageNumber="586" start="start">is</pageBreakToken>
|
||
the predominant, and in most localities, apparently, the only species of the pair occupying most of
|
||
<normalizedToken id="4EF3AB5C5AA472144FA4AAB6579E0E53" originalValue="«central»" pageId="37" pageNumber="586">"central"</normalizedToken>
|
||
Melanesia, while
|
||
<taxonomicName id="68957C7EDB31724C9F63AB6CB205003D" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:25270" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Anochetus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Anochetus isolatus Mann" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="585" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="isolatus">isolatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
prevails in extralimital lands to the east and west. The two known surviving
|
||
<normalizedToken id="A1310BAD5FF1D3FC4A163822F82B6236" originalValue="«species»" pageId="37" pageNumber="586">"species"</normalizedToken>
|
||
of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8DBF34950E65576E65BE7B53742DD997" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:25270" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Anochetus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Anochetus isolatus Mann" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="585" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="isolatus">isolatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
superspecies are essentially color forms:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5C4F1EC7B7ACCFD03D50BFCC968AB633" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:25311" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Anochetus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Anochetus seminiger Donisthorpe" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="585" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="seminiger">seminiger</taxonomicName>
|
||
, from Waigeo I., and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="438A26D3DE92284161C74D5CC700427D" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:25314" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Anochetus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Anochetus splendidulus Yasumatsu" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="585" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="splendidulus">splendidulus</taxonomicName>
|
||
, from Yap. From our present information, we cannot tell objectively whether these two forms are separate from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F345D9E43E64CCA77B33D088744AA774" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:25270" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Anochetus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Anochetus isolatus Mann" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="585" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="isolatus">isolatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
as species, or as mere geographical races. This is the circumstance that haunts all attempts to distinguish superspecies from
|
||
<normalizedToken id="793B1C139C45A3120FEAB5EA8FFB3BDB" originalValue="«polytypic»" pageId="37" pageNumber="586">"polytypic"</normalizedToken>
|
||
species. No harm will be done if we continue to treat them arbitrarily as species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="78CD1C6E07A5B0727BD050081707A007" pageId="37" pageNumber="586" type="mainText">
|
||
It remains to point to the male of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="918D2230FEDFB5B401DCAEDA432799A5" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:25270" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Anochetus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Anochetus isolatus Mann" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="586" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="isolatus">A. isolatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
(figs. 60, 61) as having the most primitive terminalia thus far known in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2E49489F89714A19BD2DAE1DFC1FFB21" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2346" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Anochetus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Anochetus Mayr" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="586" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Anochetus</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The pygidial spine is a particularly archaic character linking the genus to both
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9BAB7DBCB6FC932D84D6C7EA3B1E559E" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24840" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Odontomachus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Odontomachus Latreille" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="586" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Odontomachus</taxonomicName>
|
||
and the sub tribe Poneriti of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9CB7D24FDF18A92D09E2D73C47C99F9C" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2261" lsidName-HNS="Ponerinae Lepeletier" pageId="37" pageNumber="586" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Ponerinae">Ponerinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Perhaps other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="241F3271334D7D66D75CD5BACE95B737" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2346" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Anochetus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Anochetus Mayr" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="586" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Anochetus</taxonomicName>
|
||
species (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2313CF30CECAEAEBF8273C3B08A2A804" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:25261" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Anochetus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Anochetus gladiator (Mayr)" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="586" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gladiator">gladiator</taxonomicName>
|
||
?) of the Indo-Australian area have males with even more primitive terminalia.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="19E74642C435F3EC296AD542E2CCCB24" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:25257" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Anochetus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Anochetus filicornis (Wheeler)" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="586" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="filicornis">A. filicornis</taxonomicName>
|
||
, still unassociated with the female castes, is also pretty close to the archetypal pattern.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |