425 lines
73 KiB
XML
425 lines
73 KiB
XML
<document id="A1B395F4C72634EFA5D0E39C0E5863D3" ID-CLB-Dataset="22324" ID-DOI="10.5852/ejt.2013.44" ID-GBIF-Dataset="a181b793-ed62-4840-b065-95cbf0522801" ID-ISSN="2118-9773" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3814003" ID-ZooBank="F7FD3319-AD9D-4DBB-9755-C541759C0D66" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1588863564371" checkinUser="carolina" docAuthor="Berning, Björn" docDate="2013" docId="324587E8FF83D83989E5FDB0FB474FD9" docLanguage="en" docName="ejt-2013-44.pdf.imf" docOrigin="European Journal of Taxonomy 44" docStyle="DocumentStyle:EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911.14:EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleId="EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911" docStyleName="EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Hippomenella mucronelliformis" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="13" masterDocId="CE7CFF90FF8AD8358818FFF3FFC94B01" masterDocTitle="New and little-known Cheilostomata (Bryozoa, Gymnolaemata) from the NE Atlantic" masterLastPageNumber="25" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="10" updateTime="1698838897150" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-3.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-3.0" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:title id="58427B5E9966EFC107180FFBF967EA80">New and little-known Cheilostomata (Bryozoa, Gymnolaemata) from the NE Atlantic</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="071F6EE169BB16C1278D9A99F083688D" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="15D6BD887CBCFDD0637D6474514931E8">Berning, Björn</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="32D8111D3561CAE5EBB860055230F505">European Journal of Taxonomy</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="4F0F47C28C6177381F3C5DABF388FA9D">
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<mods:date id="9A671FC8EFFA2404B4A6394A0F272FC9">2013</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="08C3552B7A9BD5AA030692CDBAD197D6">2013-05-21</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="AE9A48F04CCA1EF234914A3F1ABA9C5E">44</mods:number>
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<treatment id="324587E8FF83D83989E5FDB0FB474FD9" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3815242" ID-GBIF-Taxon="163975783" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3815242" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:324587E8FF83D83989E5FDB0FB474FD9" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/324587E8FF83D83989E5FDB0FB474FD9" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
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<subSubSection id="F2F66575FF83D83C89E5FDB0FBFF495C" box="[509,1078,579,606]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="BA5336FEFF83D83C89E5FDB0FBFF495C" blockId="9.[509,1078,579,640]" box="[509,1078,579,606]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
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<heading id="E11B8192FF83D83C89E5FDB0FBFF495C" box="[509,1078,579,606]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="7DEC4D7DFF83D83C89E5FDB0FBFF495C" authority="(Waters, 1899)" baseAuthorityName="Waters" baseAuthorityYear="1899" box="[509,1078,579,606]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Escharinidae" genus="Hippomenella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="mucronelliformis">
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<emphasis id="8898EAECFF83D83C89E5FDB0FC48495F" bold="true" box="[509,897,579,606]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Hippomenella mucronelliformis</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="DE7D4B0FFF83D83C8B89FDB0FBE7495C" author="Waters" box="[913,1070,579,605]" firstAuthor="Waters" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="6 - 16" refId="ref14728" refString="Waters A. W. 1899. Bryozoa from Madeira. Journal of the Royal Microscopical Society 1899: 6 - 16." type="journal article" year="1899">Waters, 1899</bibRefCitation>
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||
)
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="F2F66575FF83D83C8ADDFD95FCA64981" box="[709,879,614,640]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="description">
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<paragraph id="BA5336FEFF83D83C8ADDFD95FCA64981" blockId="9.[509,1078,579,640]" box="[709,879,614,640]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
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<figureCitation id="22D72A7BFF83D83C8ADDFD95FCC24981" box="[709,779,614,640]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="10.[189,232,1545,1571]" captionTargetBox="[333,1264,265,1503]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[333,1264,265,1503]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Fig. 3. Hippomenella mucronelliformis (Waters, 1899). A. Overview of autozooids in the lectotype (MM 3780); note the extremely long and slender mandibles of the small avicularia. B. Early astogenetic part of the paralectotype (MMF 42297), including the zooid interpreted by Brown (1949) to be the ancestrula (at lower left) but which is here considered as the first autozooid; note that the avicularia in early astogenetic zooids are proximally positioned and directed. C. Autozooids and an ovicellate zooid at the colony margin; note that the forming endooecium is not perforated by pseudopores and that the suboral mucro is absent in early ontogenetic zooids, forming only during later ontogeny (NHMUK 1947.8.12.1; photo: M.E. Spencer Jones). D. Close up of orifice (lectotype, MM 3780). E. Interior frontal shield with the umbonuloid ring-scar framed by areolar pores (NHMUK 1947.8.12.1; photo: M.E. Spencer Jones). F. Ovicellate zooid; note the superficial pits on the distolateral endooecium (NHMUK 1947.8.12.1; photo: M.E. Spencer Jones). G. Lateral view of a zooid (distal is to the right), showing five multiporous pore plates in the vertical wall (NHMUK 1947.8.12.1; photo: K.J. Tilbrook). Scale bars: A = 400 µm; B, C = 200 µm; D = 50 µm; E, F, G = 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3814009" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3814009/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
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||
,
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<tableCitation id="F76E0345FF83D83C8B00FD95FCA64981" box="[792,879,614,640]" captionStart="Table 3" captionStartId="11.[189,258,268,294]" captionTargetId="graphics@11.[189,1402,401,864]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Table 3. Measurements (in µm) of skeletal characters of Hippomenella mucronelliformis (Waters, 1899), taken from specimens MM 3780 (lectotype), MMF 42297 (paralectotype) and NHMUK 1947.8.12.1. SD = standard deviation, N = number of measurements." pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Table 3</tableCitation>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="F2F66575FF83D83C88A5FD5BFC16481E" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="reference_group">
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||
<paragraph id="BA5336FEFF83D83C88A5FD5BFC5A49C3" blockId="9.[189,915,680,707]" box="[189,915,680,707]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="9AFC11D0FF83D83C88A5FD5BFC5A49C3" box="[189,915,680,707]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
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<treatmentCitation id="3B4D10EFFF83D83C88A5FD5BFD0849C3" author="Waters A. W." box="[189,705,680,706]" page="11" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" year="1899">
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||
<taxonomicName id="7DEC4D7DFF83D83C88A5FD5BFD0849C3" authority="Waters, 1899: 11" authorityName="Waters" authorityPageNumber="11" authorityYear="1899" box="[189,705,680,706]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Bryocryptellidae" genus="Lepralia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="mucronelliformis">
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||
<emphasis id="8898EAECFF83D83C88A5FD5BFE3B49C3" box="[189,498,680,706]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Lepralia mucronelliformis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DE7D4B0FFF83D83C89E1FD5BFD0849C3" author="Waters" box="[505,705,680,706]" firstAuthor="Waters" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="6 - 16" refId="ref14728" refString="Waters A. W. 1899. Bryozoa from Madeira. Journal of the Royal Microscopical Society 1899: 6 - 16." type="journal article" year="1899">Waters, 1899: 11</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
, pl. 3, figs 15, 21.
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||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="BA5336FEFF83D83C88A5FD11FD3C49FD" blockId="9.[189,991,738,800]" box="[189,757,738,764]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
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||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="9AFC11D0FF83D83C88A5FD11FD3C49FD" box="[189,757,738,764]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
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||
<taxonomicName id="7DEC4D7DFF83D83C88A5FD11FE3B49FD" authorityName="Waters" authorityYear="1899" box="[189,498,738,764]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Bryocryptellidae" genus="Lepralia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="mucronelliformis">
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||
<emphasis id="8898EAECFF83D83C88A5FD11FE3B49FD" box="[189,498,738,764]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Lepralia mucronelliformis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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–
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<treatmentCitation id="3B4D10EFFF83D83C8A08FD11FD3849FD" author="Norman A. M." box="[528,753,738,764]" page="306" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" year="1909">
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||
<bibRefCitation id="DE7D4B0FFF83D83C8A08FD11FD3849FD" author="Norman" box="[528,753,738,764]" firstAuthor="Norman" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="275 - 314" refId="ref13908" refString="Norman A. M. 1909. The Polyzoa of Madeira and neighbouring islands. Journal of the Linnean Society, Zoology 30: 275 - 314. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1909. tb 02407. x" type="journal article" year="1909">Norman 1909: 306</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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||
.
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||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="BA5336FEFF83D83C88A5FCF6FC16481E" blockId="9.[189,991,738,800]" box="[189,991,773,800]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="9AFC11D0FF83D83C88A5FCF6FC16481E" box="[189,991,773,800]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
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||
<taxonomicName id="7DEC4D7DFF83D83C88A5FCF6FDFD481E" baseAuthorityName="Waters" baseAuthorityYear="1899" box="[189,564,773,799]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Escharinidae" genus="Hippomenella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="mucronelliformis">
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||
<emphasis id="8898EAECFF83D83C88A5FCF6FDFD481E" box="[189,564,773,799]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Hippomenella mucronelliformis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
–
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||
<treatmentCitation id="3B4D10EFFF83D83C8A49FCF6FCE84821" author="Brown D. A." box="[593,801,773,800]" page="513" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" year="1949">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DE7D4B0FFF83D83C8A49FCF6FCE84821" author="Brown" box="[593,801,773,800]" firstAuthor="Brown" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="513 - 520" refId="ref12474" refString="Brown D. A. 1949. On the polyzoan genus Hippomenella Canu & Bassler and its genotype Lepralia mucronelliformis Waters. Journal of the Linnean Society, Zoology 41: 513 - 520. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1940. tb 02419. x" type="journal article" year="1949">Brown 1949: 513</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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||
, figs 1, 2a,b,d,e.
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||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="F2F66575FF83D83C88A5FCB5FBB34CBF" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="materials_examined">
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||
<paragraph id="BA5336FEFF83D83C88A5FCB5FE634861" blockId="9.[189,426,838,864]" box="[189,426,838,864]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
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||
<heading id="E11B8192FF83D83C88A5FCB5FE634861" bold="true" box="[189,426,838,864]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" reason="3">
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||
<emphasis id="8898EAECFF83D83C88A5FCB5FE634861" bold="true" box="[189,426,838,864]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Material examined</emphasis>
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||
</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="BA5336FEFF83D83C88F2FC86FEAF488E" blockId="9.[189,1398,885,982]" box="[234,358,885,911]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
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||
<emphasis id="8898EAECFF83D83C88F2FC86FEAF488E" bold="true" box="[234,358,885,911]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
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||
<typeStatus id="6557885CFF83D83C88F2FC86FEAF488E" box="[234,358,885,911]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="lectotype">Lectotype</typeStatus>
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</emphasis>
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||
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="BA5336FEFF83D83C88A5FC6AFCAD48D4" blockId="9.[189,1398,885,982]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
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||
<specimenCode id="EA4A9E85FF83D83C88A5FC6AFEFB48B3" box="[189,306,920,947]" collectionCode="MM" country="France" name="University of Montpellier" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">MM 3780</specimenCode>
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||
(here designated),
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<collectingRegion id="7828F81CFF83D83C8A17FC6BFDB848B3" box="[527,625,920,946]" country="Portugal" name="Madeira" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Madeira</collectingRegion>
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(no further information provided as to the exact location or depth), on bivalve fragment, mounted on slide,
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||
<location id="BF336025FF83D83C8A88FC4FFD2848D7" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:324587E8FF83D83989E5FDB0FB474FD9:BF336025FF83D83C8A88FC4FFD2848D7" box="[656,737,956,982]" name="Waters" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" stateProvince="Madeira">Waters</location>
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||
collection.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="BA5336FEFF83D83C88F2FC0EFE5E4F16" blockId="9.[189,1398,1021,1118]" box="[234,407,1021,1047]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<emphasis id="8898EAECFF83D83C88F2FC0EFE5E4F16" bold="true" box="[234,407,1021,1047]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<typeStatus id="6557885CFF83D83C88F2FC0EFE5E4F16" box="[234,407,1021,1047]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="paralectotype">Paralectotype</typeStatus>
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||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="BA5336FEFF83D83C88A5FBD3FBC94F5C" blockId="9.[189,1398,1021,1118]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<collectionCode id="DCFDAE3BFF83D83C88A5FBD3FEC84F3B" box="[189,257,1056,1082]" country="Portugal" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/mme0-gx6r" name="Museu Municipal do Funchal" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">MMF</collectionCode>
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||
42297 (here designated),
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||
<collectingRegion id="7828F81CFF83D83C8A26FBD3FD694F3B" box="[574,672,1056,1082]" country="Portugal" name="Madeira" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Madeira</collectingRegion>
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||
(no further information provided as to the exact location or depth), on bivalve fragment, mounted on slide, J.Y. Johnson collection.
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</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="BA5336FEFF83D83C88F2FB77FE6F4F9F" blockId="9.[189,1399,1156,1324]" box="[234,422,1156,1182]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
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||
<emphasis id="8898EAECFF83D83C88F2FB77FE6F4F9F" bold="true" box="[234,422,1156,1182]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Other material</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="BA5336FEFF83D83C88A5FB5BFC2C4E2A" blockId="9.[189,1399,1156,1324]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<collectionCode id="DCFDAE3BFF83D83C88A5FB5BFF384FC3" box="[189,241,1192,1218]" country="France" name="University of Montpellier" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">MM</collectionCode>
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||
3781, Madeira (no further information provided as to the exact location or depth), opercula, in
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||
<collectingCountry id="C2FB766EFF83D83C88A5FB38FEDC4FE4" box="[189,277,1227,1253]" name="Canada" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Canada</collectingCountry>
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||
balsam on slide, Waters collection;
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||
<collectionCode id="DCFDAE3BFF83D83C8ACFFB38FC8F4FE4" box="[727,838,1227,1253]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="Museum">NHMUK</collectionCode>
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||
1947.8.12.1, Madeira (no further information provided as to the exact location or depth), two colonies on bivalve shell fragments and several isolated zooids mounted on slide, from the Canon J. de G. Barreto collection.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="BA5336FEFF83D83C88A5FAA0FDAB4C36" blockId="9.[189,1399,1363,1847]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
Although
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DE7D4B0FFF83D83C892AFAA0FE1F4E6C" author="Brown" box="[306,470,1363,1389]" firstAuthor="Brown" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="513 - 520" refId="ref12474" refString="Brown D. A. 1949. On the polyzoan genus Hippomenella Canu & Bassler and its genotype Lepralia mucronelliformis Waters. Journal of the Linnean Society, Zoology 41: 513 - 520. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1940. tb 02419. x" type="journal article" year="1949">Brown (1949)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
stated that the
|
||
<typeStatus id="6557885CFF83D83C8A9DFAA0FD384E6C" box="[645,753,1363,1389]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
was chosen by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DE7D4B0FFF83D83C8BBFFAA0FB504E6F" author="Norman" box="[935,1177,1363,1390]" firstAuthor="Norman" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="275 - 314" refId="ref13908" refString="Norman A. M. 1909. The Polyzoa of Madeira and neighbouring islands. Journal of the Linnean Society, Zoology 30: 275 - 314. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1909. tb 02407. x" type="journal article" year="1909">Norman (1909: 306)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, this author simply mentioned that he had “seen the type”. This may not violate Article 74.5 of the
|
||
<collectionCode id="DCFDAE3BFF83D83C8C89FA85FB1C4E91" box="[1169,1237,1398,1424]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">ICZN</collectionCode>
|
||
Code (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DE7D4B0FFF83D83C8D2AFA85FF324EB2" author="ICZN" firstAuthor="ICZN" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" refId="ref13627" refString="ICZN. 1999. International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature, London." type="book" year="1999">ICZN 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and may represent a valid designation of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="6557885CFF83D83C8B5DFA6AFC7D4EB2" box="[837,948,1433,1459]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
. However, it is unclear exactly what specimen Norman had seen: the colony now kept at
|
||
<collectingRegion id="7828F81CFF83D83C8B5CFA4FFC044ED7" box="[836,973,1468,1494]" country="United Kingdom" name="Manchester" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Manchester</collectingRegion>
|
||
Museum or that from the Funchal Museum. Both specimens carry identical labels and the handwriting of Waters, and are clearly
|
||
<typeStatus id="6557885CFF83D83C8D10FA13FABB4EFB" box="[1288,1394,1504,1530]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
|
||
. Moreover, the slide from the
|
||
<collectionCode id="DCFDAE3BFF83D83C8A3DF9F0FDA34D1C" box="[549,618,1539,1565]" country="Portugal" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/mme0-gx6r" name="Museu Municipal do Funchal" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">MMF</collectionCode>
|
||
, which was considered by Brown to contain the type specimen, originally comprised two colonies, judging from the remains of glue in the slide cavity, whereas neither
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DE7D4B0FFF83D83C88A5F9B9FEAA4D62" author="Waters" box="[189,355,1609,1636]" firstAuthor="Waters" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="6 - 16" refId="ref14728" refString="Waters A. W. 1899. Bryozoa from Madeira. Journal of the Royal Microscopical Society 1899: 6 - 16." type="journal article" year="1899">Waters (1899)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
nor
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DE7D4B0FFF83D83C8982F9B9FD864D62" author="Norman" box="[410,591,1609,1636]" firstAuthor="Norman" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="275 - 314" refId="ref13908" refString="Norman A. M. 1909. The Polyzoa of Madeira and neighbouring islands. Journal of the Linnean Society, Zoology 30: 275 - 314. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1909. tb 02407. x" type="journal article" year="1909">Norman (1909)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
explicitly mentioned how many specimens they were referring to. A small green label on
|
||
<collectionCode id="DCFDAE3BFF83D83C89ACF99EFE214D86" box="[436,488,1645,1671]" country="France" name="University of Montpellier" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">MM</collectionCode>
|
||
3780 indicates that this specimen was figured by Waters (a single autozooid; pl. 3, fig. 21), whereas a green and red label on
|
||
<collectionCode id="DCFDAE3BFF83D83C8AFBF963FCDE4DAB" box="[739,791,1680,1706]" country="France" name="University of Montpellier" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">MM</collectionCode>
|
||
3781 denotes this specimen (supposedly containing opercula) as the figured type specimen (Pl. 3, Fig. 15). However, it is unclear from which colony the opercula were taken; more importantly, there is not a single operculum present on the slide today. They have either decayed or been lost, as one edge of the cover slide is shattered. This specimen must, therefore, not be regarded as a type.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BA5336FEFF83D83C88A5F8ADFBB34CBF" blockId="9.[189,1399,1886,1983]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
To conclude, I disregard
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DE7D4B0FFF83D83C89F9F8ADFD504C79" author="Brown's" box="[481,665,1886,1912]" firstAuthor="Brown's" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="513 - 520" refId="ref12474" refString="Brown D. A. 1949. On the polyzoan genus Hippomenella Canu & Bassler and its genotype Lepralia mucronelliformis Waters. Journal of the Linnean Society, Zoology 41: 513 - 520. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1940. tb 02419. x" type="journal article" year="1949">Brown’s (1949)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
statement that “the type” had been chosen by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DE7D4B0FFF83D83C8CA1F8ADFABB4C79" author="Norman" box="[1209,1394,1886,1912]" firstAuthor="Norman" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="275 - 314" refId="ref13908" refString="Norman A. M. 1909. The Polyzoa of Madeira and neighbouring islands. Journal of the Linnean Society, Zoology 30: 275 - 314. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1909. tb 02407. x" type="journal article" year="1909">Norman (1909)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, and designate as
|
||
<typeStatus id="6557885CFF83D83C899DF872FE384C9A" box="[389,497,1921,1947]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7DEC4D7DFF83D83C8A00F871FCCF4C9A" baseAuthorityName="Waters" baseAuthorityYear="1899" box="[536,774,1921,1947]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Escharinidae" genus="Hippomenella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="mucronelliformis">
|
||
<emphasis id="8898EAECFF83D83C8A00F871FCCF4C9A" box="[536,774,1921,1947]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">H. mucronelliformis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the figured specimen
|
||
<collectionCode id="DCFDAE3BFF83D83C8C12F871FBF74C9D" box="[1034,1086,1922,1948]" country="France" name="University of Montpellier" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">MM</collectionCode>
|
||
3780. The only remaining
|
||
<typeStatus id="6557885CFF83D83C88A5F856FED14CBE" box="[189,280,1957,1983]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="syntype">syntype</typeStatus>
|
||
specimen on the slide of sample
|
||
<collectionCode id="DCFDAE3BFF83D83C8A86F856FD2B4CBE" box="[670,738,1957,1983]" country="Portugal" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/mme0-gx6r" name="Museu Municipal do Funchal" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">MMF</collectionCode>
|
||
42297 becomes the
|
||
<typeStatus id="6557885CFF83D83C8BCCF857FBBF4CBF" box="[980,1142,1956,1982]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="paralectotype">paralectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="EE936676FF80D83F88A5F9FAFD764CEC" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3814009" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3814009" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3814009/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" startId="10.[189,232,1545,1571]" targetBox="[333,1264,265,1503]" targetPageId="10">
|
||
<paragraph id="BA5336FEFF80D83F88A5F9FAFD764CEC" blockId="10.[189,1399,1545,2029]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<emphasis id="8898EAECFF80D83F88A5F9FAFEC04D22" bold="true" box="[189,265,1545,1571]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 3.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7DEC4D7DFF80D83F8917F9FAFCF04D22" authority="(Waters, 1899)" baseAuthorityName="Waters" baseAuthorityYear="1899" box="[271,825,1545,1571]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Escharinidae" genus="Hippomenella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="mucronelliformis">
|
||
<emphasis id="8898EAECFF80D83F8917F9FAFD4D4D22" box="[271,644,1545,1571]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Hippomenella mucronelliformis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DE7D4B0FFF80D83F8A89F9FAFCF94D22" author="Waters" box="[657,816,1545,1571]" firstAuthor="Waters" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="6 - 16" refId="ref14728" refString="Waters A. W. 1899. Bryozoa from Madeira. Journal of the Royal Microscopical Society 1899: 6 - 16." type="journal article" year="1899">Waters, 1899</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="8898EAECFF80D83F8B5AF9FAFC9E4D22" bold="true" box="[834,855,1545,1571]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">A</emphasis>
|
||
. Overview of autozooids in the lectotype (MM 3780); note the extremely long and slender mandibles of the small avicularia.
|
||
<emphasis id="8898EAECFF80D83F8C4BF9DCFBAE4D48" bold="true" box="[1107,1127,1583,1609]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">B</emphasis>
|
||
. Early astogenetic part of the paralectotype (MMF 42297), including the zooid interpreted by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DE7D4B0FFF80D83F8BF5F9A5FB594D6E" author="Brown" box="[1005,1168,1621,1648]" firstAuthor="Brown" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="513 - 520" refId="ref12474" refString="Brown D. A. 1949. On the polyzoan genus Hippomenella Canu & Bassler and its genotype Lepralia mucronelliformis Waters. Journal of the Linnean Society, Zoology 41: 513 - 520. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1940. tb 02419. x" type="journal article" year="1949">Brown (1949)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
to be the ancestrula (at lower left) but which is here considered as the first autozooid; note that the avicularia in early astogenetic zooids are proximally positioned and directed.
|
||
<emphasis id="8898EAECFF80D83F8B77F952FC4D4DBA" bold="true" box="[879,900,1697,1723]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">C</emphasis>
|
||
. Autozooids and an ovicellate zooid at the colony margin; note that the forming endooecium is not perforated by pseudopores and that the suboral mucro is absent in early ontogenetic zooids, forming only during later ontogeny (NHMUK 1947.8.12.1; photo: M.E. Spencer Jones).
|
||
<emphasis id="8898EAECFF80D83F8A16F8E7FDEA4C2F" bold="true" box="[526,547,1812,1838]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">D</emphasis>
|
||
. Close up of orifice (lectotype, MM 3780).
|
||
<emphasis id="8898EAECFF80D83F8C38F8E7FBFD4C2F" bold="true" box="[1056,1076,1812,1838]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">E</emphasis>
|
||
. Interior frontal shield with the umbonuloid ring-scar framed by areolar pores (NHMUK 1947.8.12.1; photo: M.E. Spencer Jones).
|
||
<emphasis id="8898EAECFF80D83F88A5F893FF064C7B" bold="true" box="[189,207,1888,1914]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">F</emphasis>
|
||
. Ovicellate zooid; note the superficial pits on the distolateral endooecium (NHMUK 1947.8.12.1; photo: M.E. Spencer Jones).
|
||
<emphasis id="8898EAECFF80D83F8A17F875FDEF4CA1" bold="true" box="[527,550,1926,1952]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">G</emphasis>
|
||
. Lateral view of a zooid (distal is to the right), showing five multiporous pore plates in the vertical wall (NHMUK 1947.8.12.1; photo: K.J. Tilbrook). Scale bars: A = 400 µm; B, C = 200 µm; D = 50 µm; E, F, G = 100 µm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="EE936676FF81D83E88A5FEFFFC844A73" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" targetBox="[279,1335,415,861]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="11">
|
||
<paragraph id="BA5336FEFF81D83E88A5FEFFFC844A73" blockId="11.[189,1399,267,370]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<emphasis id="8898EAECFF81D83E88A5FEFFFED74A24" bold="true" box="[189,286,267,294]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Table 3.</emphasis>
|
||
Measurements (in µm) of skeletal characters of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7DEC4D7DFF81D83E8B51FEF8FABB4A27" authority="(Waters, 1899)" baseAuthorityName="Waters" baseAuthorityYear="1899" box="[841,1394,267,294]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Escharinidae" genus="Hippomenella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="mucronelliformis">
|
||
<emphasis id="8898EAECFF81D83E8B51FEF8FB774A24" box="[841,1214,267,293]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Hippomenella mucronelliformis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DE7D4B0FFF81D83E8CD3FEFFFAA04A27" author="Waters" box="[1227,1385,268,294]" firstAuthor="Waters" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="6 - 16" refId="ref14728" refString="Waters A. W. 1899. Bryozoa from Madeira. Journal of the Royal Microscopical Society 1899: 6 - 16." type="journal article" year="1899">Waters, 1899</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, taken from specimens MM 3780 (lectotype), MMF 42297 (paralectotype) and NHMUK 1947.8.12.1. SD = standard deviation, N = number of measurements.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="BA5336FEFF81D83E8AF1FE53FAFE485D" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<table id="C8ECC45EFF8127CA890FFE6CFAFE485C" box="[279,1335,415,861]" colsContinueFrom="6.[265,1316,378,821]" colsContinueIn="14.[201,1356,490,809]" gridcols="5" gridrows="11" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<tr id="04DC34BCFF8127CA890FFE6CFAFE4ABB" box="[279,1335,415,442]" gridrow="0" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<th id="470D5DC0FF8127CA8AF1FE6CFCE54ABB" box="[745,812,415,442]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Mean</th>
|
||
<th id="470D5DC0FF8127CA8B8BFE6CFC764ABB" box="[915,959,415,442]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">SD</th>
|
||
<th id="470D5DC0FF8127CA8C2FFE6CFB534ABB" box="[1079,1178,415,442]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Range</th>
|
||
<th id="470D5DC0FF8127CA8D01FE6CFAFE4ABB" box="[1305,1335,415,442]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">N</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="04DC34BCFF8127CA890FFE3AFAFE4AE5" box="[279,1335,457,484]" gridrow="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<th id="470D5DC0FF8127CA890FFE3AFDAD4AE5" box="[279,612,457,484]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Zooid length</th>
|
||
<td id="470D5DC0FF8127CA8AF1FE3AFCE54AE5" box="[745,812,457,484]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">755</td>
|
||
<td id="470D5DC0FF8127CA8B8BFE3AFC764AE5" box="[915,959,457,484]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">83</td>
|
||
<td id="470D5DC0FF8127CA8C2FFE3AFB534AE5" box="[1079,1178,457,484]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">618-922</td>
|
||
<td id="470D5DC0FF8127CA8D01FE3AFAFE4AE5" box="[1305,1335,457,484]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">20</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="04DC34BCFF8127CA890FFE00FAFE490C" box="[279,1335,499,525]" gridrow="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<th id="470D5DC0FF8127CA890FFE00FDAD490C" box="[279,612,499,525]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Zooid width</th>
|
||
<td id="470D5DC0FF8127CA8AF1FE00FCE5490C" box="[745,812,499,525]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">640</td>
|
||
<td id="470D5DC0FF8127CA8B8BFE00FC76490C" box="[915,959,499,525]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">100</td>
|
||
<td id="470D5DC0FF8127CA8C2FFE00FB53490C" box="[1079,1178,499,525]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">441-820</td>
|
||
<td id="470D5DC0FF8127CA8D01FE00FAFE490C" box="[1305,1335,499,525]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">20</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="04DC34BCFF8127CA890FFDEFFAFE4936" box="[279,1335,540,567]" gridrow="3" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<th id="470D5DC0FF8127CA890FFDEFFDAD4936" box="[279,612,540,567]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Orifice length</th>
|
||
<td id="470D5DC0FF8127CA8AF1FDEFFCE54936" box="[745,812,540,567]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">168</td>
|
||
<td id="470D5DC0FF8127CA8B8BFDEFFC764936" box="[915,959,540,567]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">13</td>
|
||
<td id="470D5DC0FF8127CA8C2FFDEFFB534936" box="[1079,1178,540,567]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">134-190</td>
|
||
<td id="470D5DC0FF8127CA8D01FDEFFAFE4936" box="[1305,1335,540,567]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">20</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="04DC34BCFF8127CA890FFDB5FAFE4961" box="[279,1335,582,608]" gridrow="4" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<th id="470D5DC0FF8127CA890FFDB5FDAD4961" box="[279,612,582,608]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Orifice width</th>
|
||
<td id="470D5DC0FF8127CA8AF1FDB5FCE54961" box="[745,812,582,608]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">133</td>
|
||
<td id="470D5DC0FF8127CA8B8BFDB5FC764961" box="[915,959,582,608]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">13</td>
|
||
<td id="470D5DC0FF8127CA8C2FFDB5FB534961" box="[1079,1178,582,608]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">113-168</td>
|
||
<td id="470D5DC0FF8127CA8D01FDB5FAFE4961" box="[1305,1335,582,608]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">20</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="04DC34BCFF8127CA890FFD83FAFE498A" box="[279,1335,624,651]" gridrow="5" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<th id="470D5DC0FF8127CA890FFD83FDAD498A" box="[279,612,624,651]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Ooecium length</th>
|
||
<td id="470D5DC0FF8127CA8AF1FD83FCE5498A" box="[745,812,624,651]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">303</td>
|
||
<td id="470D5DC0FF8127CA8B8BFD83FC76498A" box="[915,959,624,651]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">-</td>
|
||
<td id="470D5DC0FF8127CA8C2FFD83FB53498A" box="[1079,1178,624,651]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">275-350</td>
|
||
<td id="470D5DC0FF8127CA8D01FD83FAFE498A" box="[1305,1335,624,651]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">3</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="04DC34BCFF8127CA890FFD6AFAFE49B5" box="[279,1335,665,692]" gridrow="6" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<th id="470D5DC0FF8127CA890FFD6AFDAD49B5" box="[279,612,665,692]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Ooecium width</th>
|
||
<td id="470D5DC0FF8127CA8AF1FD6AFCE549B5" box="[745,812,665,692]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">342</td>
|
||
<td id="470D5DC0FF8127CA8B8BFD6AFC7649B5" box="[915,959,665,692]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">-</td>
|
||
<td id="470D5DC0FF8127CA8C2FFD6AFB5349B5" box="[1079,1178,665,692]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">310-370</td>
|
||
<td id="470D5DC0FF8127CA8D01FD6AFAFE49B5" box="[1305,1335,665,692]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">3</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="04DC34BCFF8127CA890FFD37FAFE49DF" box="[279,1335,708,734]" gridrow="7" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<th id="470D5DC0FF8127CA890FFD37FDAD49DF" box="[279,612,708,734]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Length of small avicularium</th>
|
||
<td id="470D5DC0FF8127CA8AF1FD37FCE549DF" box="[745,812,708,734]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">128</td>
|
||
<td id="470D5DC0FF8127CA8B8BFD37FC7649DF" box="[915,959,708,734]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">22</td>
|
||
<td id="470D5DC0FF8127CA8C2FFD37FB5349DF" box="[1079,1178,708,734]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">83-176</td>
|
||
<td id="470D5DC0FF8127CA8D01FD37FAFE49DF" box="[1305,1335,708,734]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">20</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="04DC34BCFF8127CA890FFD1DFAFE4808" box="[279,1335,750,777]" gridrow="8" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<th id="470D5DC0FF8127CA890FFD1DFDAD4808" box="[279,612,750,777]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Width of small avicularium</th>
|
||
<td id="470D5DC0FF8127CA8AF1FD1DFCE54808" box="[745,812,750,777]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">63</td>
|
||
<td id="470D5DC0FF8127CA8B8BFD1DFC764808" box="[915,959,750,777]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">11</td>
|
||
<td id="470D5DC0FF8127CA8C2FFD1DFB534808" box="[1079,1178,750,777]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">41-89</td>
|
||
<td id="470D5DC0FF8127CA8D01FD1DFAFE4808" box="[1305,1335,750,777]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">20</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="04DC34BCFF8127CA890FFCEBFAFE4833" box="[279,1335,792,818]" gridrow="9" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<th id="470D5DC0FF8127CA890FFCEBFDAD4833" box="[279,612,792,818]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Length of large avicularium</th>
|
||
<td id="470D5DC0FF8127CA8AF1FCEBFCE54833" box="[745,812,792,818]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">321</td>
|
||
<td id="470D5DC0FF8127CA8B8BFCEBFC764833" box="[915,959,792,818]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">47</td>
|
||
<td id="470D5DC0FF8127CA8C2FFCEBFB534833" box="[1079,1178,792,818]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">206-402</td>
|
||
<td id="470D5DC0FF8127CA8D01FCEBFAFE4833" box="[1305,1335,792,818]" gridcol="4" gridrow="9" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">20</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="04DC34BCFF8127CA890FFCB1FAFE485C" box="[279,1335,834,861]" gridrow="10" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<th id="470D5DC0FF8127CA890FFCB1FDAD485C" box="[279,612,834,861]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Width of large avicularium</th>
|
||
<td id="470D5DC0FF8127CA8AF1FCB1FCE5485C" box="[745,812,834,861]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">133</td>
|
||
<td id="470D5DC0FF8127CA8B8BFCB1FC76485C" box="[915,959,834,861]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">16</td>
|
||
<td id="470D5DC0FF8127CA8C2FFCB1FB53485C" box="[1079,1178,834,861]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">97-157</td>
|
||
<td id="470D5DC0FF8127CA8D01FCB1FAFE485C" box="[1305,1335,834,861]" gridcol="4" gridrow="10" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">20</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<subSubSection id="F2F66575FF81D83988A5FC6FFE2B4A8B" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="BA5336FEFF81D83E88A5FC6FFE8748B7" blockId="11.[189,334,924,950]" box="[189,334,924,950]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<heading id="E11B8192FF81D83E88A5FC6FFE8748B7" bold="true" box="[189,334,924,950]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="8898EAECFF81D83E88A5FC6FFE8748B7" bold="true" box="[189,334,924,950]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Description</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BA5336FEFF81D83E88A5FC38FBDA4EF7" blockId="11.[189,1399,971,1526]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
Colony encrusting, unilaminar, multiserial, forming small patches. Zooecia relatively large, subhexagonal, widest at about mid-distance, occasionally wider than long, separated by deep furrows (
|
||
<figureCitation id="22D72A7BFF81D83E88DEFBE2FEC74F2D" box="[198,270,1041,1068]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="10.[189,232,1545,1571]" captionTargetBox="[333,1264,265,1503]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[333,1264,265,1503]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Fig. 3. Hippomenella mucronelliformis (Waters, 1899). A. Overview of autozooids in the lectotype (MM 3780); note the extremely long and slender mandibles of the small avicularia. B. Early astogenetic part of the paralectotype (MMF 42297), including the zooid interpreted by Brown (1949) to be the ancestrula (at lower left) but which is here considered as the first autozooid; note that the avicularia in early astogenetic zooids are proximally positioned and directed. C. Autozooids and an ovicellate zooid at the colony margin; note that the forming endooecium is not perforated by pseudopores and that the suboral mucro is absent in early ontogenetic zooids, forming only during later ontogeny (NHMUK 1947.8.12.1; photo: M.E. Spencer Jones). D. Close up of orifice (lectotype, MM 3780). E. Interior frontal shield with the umbonuloid ring-scar framed by areolar pores (NHMUK 1947.8.12.1; photo: M.E. Spencer Jones). F. Ovicellate zooid; note the superficial pits on the distolateral endooecium (NHMUK 1947.8.12.1; photo: M.E. Spencer Jones). G. Lateral view of a zooid (distal is to the right), showing five multiporous pore plates in the vertical wall (NHMUK 1947.8.12.1; photo: K.J. Tilbrook). Scale bars: A = 400 µm; B, C = 200 µm; D = 50 µm; E, F, G = 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3814009" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3814009/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
A-C); communication between zooids via up to 5 multiporous pore plates per neighbouring zooid (
|
||
<figureCitation id="22D72A7BFF81D83E8908FBC6FEB84F4E" box="[272,369,1077,1103]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="10.[189,232,1545,1571]" captionTargetBox="[333,1264,265,1503]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[333,1264,265,1503]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Fig. 3. Hippomenella mucronelliformis (Waters, 1899). A. Overview of autozooids in the lectotype (MM 3780); note the extremely long and slender mandibles of the small avicularia. B. Early astogenetic part of the paralectotype (MMF 42297), including the zooid interpreted by Brown (1949) to be the ancestrula (at lower left) but which is here considered as the first autozooid; note that the avicularia in early astogenetic zooids are proximally positioned and directed. C. Autozooids and an ovicellate zooid at the colony margin; note that the forming endooecium is not perforated by pseudopores and that the suboral mucro is absent in early ontogenetic zooids, forming only during later ontogeny (NHMUK 1947.8.12.1; photo: M.E. Spencer Jones). D. Close up of orifice (lectotype, MM 3780). E. Interior frontal shield with the umbonuloid ring-scar framed by areolar pores (NHMUK 1947.8.12.1; photo: M.E. Spencer Jones). F. Ovicellate zooid; note the superficial pits on the distolateral endooecium (NHMUK 1947.8.12.1; photo: M.E. Spencer Jones). G. Lateral view of a zooid (distal is to the right), showing five multiporous pore plates in the vertical wall (NHMUK 1947.8.12.1; photo: K.J. Tilbrook). Scale bars: A = 400 µm; B, C = 200 µm; D = 50 µm; E, F, G = 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3814009" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3814009/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 3G</figureCitation>
|
||
). Frontal shield slightly convex proximally, somewhat raising distally towards orifice, secondary calcification forming a blunt prominent suboral mucro during ontogeny (
|
||
<figureCitation id="22D72A7BFF81D83E8C95FBABFAC54F73" box="[1165,1292,1112,1138]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="10.[189,232,1545,1571]" captionTargetBox="[333,1264,265,1503]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[333,1264,265,1503]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Fig. 3. Hippomenella mucronelliformis (Waters, 1899). A. Overview of autozooids in the lectotype (MM 3780); note the extremely long and slender mandibles of the small avicularia. B. Early astogenetic part of the paralectotype (MMF 42297), including the zooid interpreted by Brown (1949) to be the ancestrula (at lower left) but which is here considered as the first autozooid; note that the avicularia in early astogenetic zooids are proximally positioned and directed. C. Autozooids and an ovicellate zooid at the colony margin; note that the forming endooecium is not perforated by pseudopores and that the suboral mucro is absent in early ontogenetic zooids, forming only during later ontogeny (NHMUK 1947.8.12.1; photo: M.E. Spencer Jones). D. Close up of orifice (lectotype, MM 3780). E. Interior frontal shield with the umbonuloid ring-scar framed by areolar pores (NHMUK 1947.8.12.1; photo: M.E. Spencer Jones). F. Ovicellate zooid; note the superficial pits on the distolateral endooecium (NHMUK 1947.8.12.1; photo: M.E. Spencer Jones). G. Lateral view of a zooid (distal is to the right), showing five multiporous pore plates in the vertical wall (NHMUK 1947.8.12.1; photo: K.J. Tilbrook). Scale bars: A = 400 µm; B, C = 200 µm; D = 50 µm; E, F, G = 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3814009" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3814009/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 3C, D</figureCitation>
|
||
), surface rugose to nodular, central drop-shaped area imperforate, demarcated by a row of densely spaced areolar pores with radially aligned intervening ridges indicating the extent of the central umbonuloid part of the frontal shield (
|
||
<figureCitation id="22D72A7BFF81D83E898EFB32FDD94FDD" box="[406,528,1217,1244]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="10.[189,232,1545,1571]" captionTargetBox="[333,1264,265,1503]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[333,1264,265,1503]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Fig. 3. Hippomenella mucronelliformis (Waters, 1899). A. Overview of autozooids in the lectotype (MM 3780); note the extremely long and slender mandibles of the small avicularia. B. Early astogenetic part of the paralectotype (MMF 42297), including the zooid interpreted by Brown (1949) to be the ancestrula (at lower left) but which is here considered as the first autozooid; note that the avicularia in early astogenetic zooids are proximally positioned and directed. C. Autozooids and an ovicellate zooid at the colony margin; note that the forming endooecium is not perforated by pseudopores and that the suboral mucro is absent in early ontogenetic zooids, forming only during later ontogeny (NHMUK 1947.8.12.1; photo: M.E. Spencer Jones). D. Close up of orifice (lectotype, MM 3780). E. Interior frontal shield with the umbonuloid ring-scar framed by areolar pores (NHMUK 1947.8.12.1; photo: M.E. Spencer Jones). F. Ovicellate zooid; note the superficial pits on the distolateral endooecium (NHMUK 1947.8.12.1; photo: M.E. Spencer Jones). G. Lateral view of a zooid (distal is to the right), showing five multiporous pore plates in the vertical wall (NHMUK 1947.8.12.1; photo: K.J. Tilbrook). Scale bars: A = 400 µm; B, C = 200 µm; D = 50 µm; E, F, G = 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3814009" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3814009/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 3C, E</figureCitation>
|
||
), 1-3 additional rows of widely-spaced pores in the external area towards zooid margin, particularly abundant proximolateral of orifice with 1-2 rows extending between orifice and distal zooecial margin (
|
||
<figureCitation id="22D72A7BFF81D83E89E6FAFBFD934E23" box="[510,602,1288,1314]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="10.[189,232,1545,1571]" captionTargetBox="[333,1264,265,1503]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[333,1264,265,1503]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Fig. 3. Hippomenella mucronelliformis (Waters, 1899). A. Overview of autozooids in the lectotype (MM 3780); note the extremely long and slender mandibles of the small avicularia. B. Early astogenetic part of the paralectotype (MMF 42297), including the zooid interpreted by Brown (1949) to be the ancestrula (at lower left) but which is here considered as the first autozooid; note that the avicularia in early astogenetic zooids are proximally positioned and directed. C. Autozooids and an ovicellate zooid at the colony margin; note that the forming endooecium is not perforated by pseudopores and that the suboral mucro is absent in early ontogenetic zooids, forming only during later ontogeny (NHMUK 1947.8.12.1; photo: M.E. Spencer Jones). D. Close up of orifice (lectotype, MM 3780). E. Interior frontal shield with the umbonuloid ring-scar framed by areolar pores (NHMUK 1947.8.12.1; photo: M.E. Spencer Jones). F. Ovicellate zooid; note the superficial pits on the distolateral endooecium (NHMUK 1947.8.12.1; photo: M.E. Spencer Jones). G. Lateral view of a zooid (distal is to the right), showing five multiporous pore plates in the vertical wall (NHMUK 1947.8.12.1; photo: K.J. Tilbrook). Scale bars: A = 400 µm; B, C = 200 µm; D = 50 µm; E, F, G = 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3814009" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3814009/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 3C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Orifice elongate oval, longer than wide and usually widest in distal third, proximolateral edges rounded, the slightly concave proximal margin covered by the overarching and distally pointing mucro, blunt condyles formed by a continuation and slight inbending of lateral orifice margins, directed proximomedially and delimiting the proximal fourth or fifth of total orifice length (
|
||
<figureCitation id="22D72A7BFF81D83E8902FA66FEB54EAE" box="[282,380,1429,1455]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="10.[189,232,1545,1571]" captionTargetBox="[333,1264,265,1503]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[333,1264,265,1503]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Fig. 3. Hippomenella mucronelliformis (Waters, 1899). A. Overview of autozooids in the lectotype (MM 3780); note the extremely long and slender mandibles of the small avicularia. B. Early astogenetic part of the paralectotype (MMF 42297), including the zooid interpreted by Brown (1949) to be the ancestrula (at lower left) but which is here considered as the first autozooid; note that the avicularia in early astogenetic zooids are proximally positioned and directed. C. Autozooids and an ovicellate zooid at the colony margin; note that the forming endooecium is not perforated by pseudopores and that the suboral mucro is absent in early ontogenetic zooids, forming only during later ontogeny (NHMUK 1947.8.12.1; photo: M.E. Spencer Jones). D. Close up of orifice (lectotype, MM 3780). E. Interior frontal shield with the umbonuloid ring-scar framed by areolar pores (NHMUK 1947.8.12.1; photo: M.E. Spencer Jones). F. Ovicellate zooid; note the superficial pits on the distolateral endooecium (NHMUK 1947.8.12.1; photo: M.E. Spencer Jones). G. Lateral view of a zooid (distal is to the right), showing five multiporous pore plates in the vertical wall (NHMUK 1947.8.12.1; photo: K.J. Tilbrook). Scale bars: A = 400 µm; B, C = 200 µm; D = 50 µm; E, F, G = 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3814009" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3814009/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 3D</figureCitation>
|
||
); operculum strongly sclerotised with a pair of lateral ridges where muscles attach; usually 6 (range 4–7, in early astogenetic zooids up to 9) oral spines along distolateral orifice margin, the proximal pair slightly larger, two in ovicellate zooids (
|
||
<figureCitation id="22D72A7BFF81D83E8B7FFA28FBCF4EF7" box="[871,1030,1499,1526]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="10.[189,232,1545,1571]" captionTargetBox="[333,1264,265,1503]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[333,1264,265,1503]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Fig. 3. Hippomenella mucronelliformis (Waters, 1899). A. Overview of autozooids in the lectotype (MM 3780); note the extremely long and slender mandibles of the small avicularia. B. Early astogenetic part of the paralectotype (MMF 42297), including the zooid interpreted by Brown (1949) to be the ancestrula (at lower left) but which is here considered as the first autozooid; note that the avicularia in early astogenetic zooids are proximally positioned and directed. C. Autozooids and an ovicellate zooid at the colony margin; note that the forming endooecium is not perforated by pseudopores and that the suboral mucro is absent in early ontogenetic zooids, forming only during later ontogeny (NHMUK 1947.8.12.1; photo: M.E. Spencer Jones). D. Close up of orifice (lectotype, MM 3780). E. Interior frontal shield with the umbonuloid ring-scar framed by areolar pores (NHMUK 1947.8.12.1; photo: M.E. Spencer Jones). F. Ovicellate zooid; note the superficial pits on the distolateral endooecium (NHMUK 1947.8.12.1; photo: M.E. Spencer Jones). G. Lateral view of a zooid (distal is to the right), showing five multiporous pore plates in the vertical wall (NHMUK 1947.8.12.1; photo: K.J. Tilbrook). Scale bars: A = 400 µm; B, C = 200 µm; D = 50 µm; E, F, G = 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3814009" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3814009/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 3A, B, F</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BA5336FEFF81D83E88A5F9EFFAC84D7C" blockId="11.[189,1399,1564,1661]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
Ooecium hyperstomial, depressed globular, slightly wider than long, endooecial surface fairly smooth, imperforate but distolaterally with numerous small round pits (
|
||
<figureCitation id="22D72A7BFF81D83E8BC8F9B3FBE74D5B" box="[976,1070,1600,1626]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="10.[189,232,1545,1571]" captionTargetBox="[333,1264,265,1503]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[333,1264,265,1503]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Fig. 3. Hippomenella mucronelliformis (Waters, 1899). A. Overview of autozooids in the lectotype (MM 3780); note the extremely long and slender mandibles of the small avicularia. B. Early astogenetic part of the paralectotype (MMF 42297), including the zooid interpreted by Brown (1949) to be the ancestrula (at lower left) but which is here considered as the first autozooid; note that the avicularia in early astogenetic zooids are proximally positioned and directed. C. Autozooids and an ovicellate zooid at the colony margin; note that the forming endooecium is not perforated by pseudopores and that the suboral mucro is absent in early ontogenetic zooids, forming only during later ontogeny (NHMUK 1947.8.12.1; photo: M.E. Spencer Jones). D. Close up of orifice (lectotype, MM 3780). E. Interior frontal shield with the umbonuloid ring-scar framed by areolar pores (NHMUK 1947.8.12.1; photo: M.E. Spencer Jones). F. Ovicellate zooid; note the superficial pits on the distolateral endooecium (NHMUK 1947.8.12.1; photo: M.E. Spencer Jones). G. Lateral view of a zooid (distal is to the right), showing five multiporous pore plates in the vertical wall (NHMUK 1947.8.12.1; photo: K.J. Tilbrook). Scale bars: A = 400 µm; B, C = 200 µm; D = 50 µm; E, F, G = 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3814009" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3814009/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 3F</figureCitation>
|
||
), proximal ooecial margin concave, shallowly arched, reaching towards lateral orifice rim, not closed by the operculum.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BA5336FEFF81D83988A5F957FCA74A49" blockId="11.[189,1399,1700,1973]" lastBlockId="12.[189,1398,267,328]" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
Avicularia adventitious, dimorphic, usually paired (
|
||
<figureCitation id="22D72A7BFF81D83E8B01F957FCB84DBF" box="[793,881,1700,1726]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="10.[189,232,1545,1571]" captionTargetBox="[333,1264,265,1503]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[333,1264,265,1503]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Fig. 3. Hippomenella mucronelliformis (Waters, 1899). A. Overview of autozooids in the lectotype (MM 3780); note the extremely long and slender mandibles of the small avicularia. B. Early astogenetic part of the paralectotype (MMF 42297), including the zooid interpreted by Brown (1949) to be the ancestrula (at lower left) but which is here considered as the first autozooid; note that the avicularia in early astogenetic zooids are proximally positioned and directed. C. Autozooids and an ovicellate zooid at the colony margin; note that the forming endooecium is not perforated by pseudopores and that the suboral mucro is absent in early ontogenetic zooids, forming only during later ontogeny (NHMUK 1947.8.12.1; photo: M.E. Spencer Jones). D. Close up of orifice (lectotype, MM 3780). E. Interior frontal shield with the umbonuloid ring-scar framed by areolar pores (NHMUK 1947.8.12.1; photo: M.E. Spencer Jones). F. Ovicellate zooid; note the superficial pits on the distolateral endooecium (NHMUK 1947.8.12.1; photo: M.E. Spencer Jones). G. Lateral view of a zooid (distal is to the right), showing five multiporous pore plates in the vertical wall (NHMUK 1947.8.12.1; photo: K.J. Tilbrook). Scale bars: A = 400 µm; B, C = 200 µm; D = 50 µm; E, F, G = 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3814009" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3814009/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 3F</figureCitation>
|
||
), occasionally single, rarely absent, situated lateral or proximolateral to orifice at zooid margin, directed laterally or proximolaterally except in early astogenetic zooids where the rostrum points proximally and the avicularia are more proximally positioned (
|
||
<figureCitation id="22D72A7BFF81D83E88DEF8FDFEE94C29" box="[198,288,1806,1832]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="10.[189,232,1545,1571]" captionTargetBox="[333,1264,265,1503]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[333,1264,265,1503]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Fig. 3. Hippomenella mucronelliformis (Waters, 1899). A. Overview of autozooids in the lectotype (MM 3780); note the extremely long and slender mandibles of the small avicularia. B. Early astogenetic part of the paralectotype (MMF 42297), including the zooid interpreted by Brown (1949) to be the ancestrula (at lower left) but which is here considered as the first autozooid; note that the avicularia in early astogenetic zooids are proximally positioned and directed. C. Autozooids and an ovicellate zooid at the colony margin; note that the forming endooecium is not perforated by pseudopores and that the suboral mucro is absent in early ontogenetic zooids, forming only during later ontogeny (NHMUK 1947.8.12.1; photo: M.E. Spencer Jones). D. Close up of orifice (lectotype, MM 3780). E. Interior frontal shield with the umbonuloid ring-scar framed by areolar pores (NHMUK 1947.8.12.1; photo: M.E. Spencer Jones). F. Ovicellate zooid; note the superficial pits on the distolateral endooecium (NHMUK 1947.8.12.1; photo: M.E. Spencer Jones). G. Lateral view of a zooid (distal is to the right), showing five multiporous pore plates in the vertical wall (NHMUK 1947.8.12.1; photo: K.J. Tilbrook). Scale bars: A = 400 µm; B, C = 200 µm; D = 50 µm; E, F, G = 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3814009" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3814009/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 3B</figureCitation>
|
||
); small avicularium with a relatively short, proximally incurved rostrum, distally parallel-sided, downcurved and chute-like with open end, mandible thin and elongate, up to four times the length of rostrum (
|
||
<figureCitation id="22D72A7BFF81D83E8956F8A7FE664C6F" box="[334,431,1876,1902]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="10.[189,232,1545,1571]" captionTargetBox="[333,1264,265,1503]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[333,1264,265,1503]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Fig. 3. Hippomenella mucronelliformis (Waters, 1899). A. Overview of autozooids in the lectotype (MM 3780); note the extremely long and slender mandibles of the small avicularia. B. Early astogenetic part of the paralectotype (MMF 42297), including the zooid interpreted by Brown (1949) to be the ancestrula (at lower left) but which is here considered as the first autozooid; note that the avicularia in early astogenetic zooids are proximally positioned and directed. C. Autozooids and an ovicellate zooid at the colony margin; note that the forming endooecium is not perforated by pseudopores and that the suboral mucro is absent in early ontogenetic zooids, forming only during later ontogeny (NHMUK 1947.8.12.1; photo: M.E. Spencer Jones). D. Close up of orifice (lectotype, MM 3780). E. Interior frontal shield with the umbonuloid ring-scar framed by areolar pores (NHMUK 1947.8.12.1; photo: M.E. Spencer Jones). F. Ovicellate zooid; note the superficial pits on the distolateral endooecium (NHMUK 1947.8.12.1; photo: M.E. Spencer Jones). G. Lateral view of a zooid (distal is to the right), showing five multiporous pore plates in the vertical wall (NHMUK 1947.8.12.1; photo: K.J. Tilbrook). Scale bars: A = 400 µm; B, C = 200 µm; D = 50 µm; E, F, G = 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3814009" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3814009/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 3A</figureCitation>
|
||
); often one avicularium or sometimes both greatly enlarged, their width usually exceeding length of smaller avicularia (
|
||
<figureCitation id="22D72A7BFF81D83E8A97F884FCC24C93" box="[655,779,1911,1938]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="10.[189,232,1545,1571]" captionTargetBox="[333,1264,265,1503]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[333,1264,265,1503]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Fig. 3. Hippomenella mucronelliformis (Waters, 1899). A. Overview of autozooids in the lectotype (MM 3780); note the extremely long and slender mandibles of the small avicularia. B. Early astogenetic part of the paralectotype (MMF 42297), including the zooid interpreted by Brown (1949) to be the ancestrula (at lower left) but which is here considered as the first autozooid; note that the avicularia in early astogenetic zooids are proximally positioned and directed. C. Autozooids and an ovicellate zooid at the colony margin; note that the forming endooecium is not perforated by pseudopores and that the suboral mucro is absent in early ontogenetic zooids, forming only during later ontogeny (NHMUK 1947.8.12.1; photo: M.E. Spencer Jones). D. Close up of orifice (lectotype, MM 3780). E. Interior frontal shield with the umbonuloid ring-scar framed by areolar pores (NHMUK 1947.8.12.1; photo: M.E. Spencer Jones). F. Ovicellate zooid; note the superficial pits on the distolateral endooecium (NHMUK 1947.8.12.1; photo: M.E. Spencer Jones). G. Lateral view of a zooid (distal is to the right), showing five multiporous pore plates in the vertical wall (NHMUK 1947.8.12.1; photo: K.J. Tilbrook). Scale bars: A = 400 µm; B, C = 200 µm; D = 50 µm; E, F, G = 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3814009" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3814009/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 3C, F</figureCitation>
|
||
), positioned on a slightly enlarged perforated cystid, rostrum proximally incurved, distally thin and parallel-sided with an acute downcurved tip, reaching over the lateral zooid’s frontal shield, mandible confined to rostrum; crossbar in both avicularium
|
||
<typeStatus id="6557885CFF86D8398D20FEFFFABF4A27" box="[1336,1398,268,294]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">types</typeStatus>
|
||
complete without columella, proximal opesia semicircular.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BA5336FEFF86D83988A5FE83FE2B4A8B" blockId="12.[189,482,368,394]" box="[189,482,368,394]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Ancestrula not observed.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="F2F66575FF86D83988A5FE41FB474FD9" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="BA5336FEFF86D83988A5FE41FEE64ACD" blockId="12.[189,303,434,460]" box="[189,303,434,460]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<heading id="E11B8192FF86D83988A5FE41FEE64ACD" bold="true" box="[189,303,434,460]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="8898EAECFF86D83988A5FE41FEE64ACD" bold="true" box="[189,303,434,460]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BA5336FEFF86D83988A5FE13FD68485B" blockId="12.[189,1399,480,858]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
Apart from its
|
||
<typeStatus id="6557885CFF86D839896DFE13FE614AFB" box="[373,424,480,506]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">type</typeStatus>
|
||
location at Madeira,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7DEC4D7DFF86D8398AA9FE12FC684AFB" baseAuthorityName="Waters" baseAuthorityYear="1899" box="[689,929,480,506]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Escharinidae" genus="Hippomenella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="mucronelliformis">
|
||
<emphasis id="8898EAECFF86D8398AA9FE12FC684AFB" box="[689,929,480,506]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">H. mucronelliformis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has been reported from NW
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C2FB766EFF86D8398D14FE13FABF4AFB" box="[1292,1398,480,506]" name="Morocco" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Morocco</collectingCountry>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DE7D4B0FFF86D83988FCFDF0FDE0491C" author="Canu & Bassler" box="[228,553,515,542]" firstAuthor="Canu" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="1 - 79" refId="ref12722" refString="Canu F. & Bassler R. S. 1925. Les Bryozoaires du Maroc et de Mauritanie, 1 er Memoire. Memoires de la Societe des Sciences Naturelles du Maroc 10: 1 - 79." type="journal article" year="1925">Canu & Bassler (1925: 30)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
as well as from the Mediterranean Sea by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DE7D4B0FFF86D8398C2AFDF0FAF4491C" author="Harmelin" box="[1074,1341,515,541]" firstAuthor="Harmelin" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="1179 - 1208" refId="ref13048" refString="Harmelin J. - G. 1969. Bryozoaires recoltes au cours de la campagne du Jean Charcot en Mediterranee orientale (Aout-Septembre 1967) - I. Dragages. Bulletin du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 2 e serie 40: 1179 - 1208." type="journal article" year="1969">Harmelin (1969: 1208</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, figs 6-9),
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DE7D4B0FFF86D83988E5FDD5FE374941" author="Hayward" box="[253,510,550,576]" firstAuthor="Hayward" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="369 - 402" refId="ref13305" refString="Hayward P. J. 1974. Studies on the cheilostome bryozoan fauna of the Aegean island of Chios. Journal of Natural History 8 (4): 369 - 402. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222937400770321" type="journal article" year="1974">Hayward (1974: 371)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DE7D4B0FFF86D8398A13FDD5FD2E4941" author="Zabala" box="[523,743,550,576]" firstAuthor="Zabala" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="1 - 836" refId="ref14751" refString="Zabala M. 1986. Fauna dels Briozous dels Paisos Catalans. Institut d'Estudis Catalans, Arxius de la Seccio de Ciences, Barcelona 84: 1 - 836." type="journal article" year="1986">Zabala (1986: 407</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, text-fig. 134, pl. 6, figs B, C), and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DE7D4B0FFF86D8398C95FDD5FE8B4965" author="Zabala & Maluquer" firstAuthor="Zabala" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="1 - 294" refId="ref14781" refString="Zabala M. & Maluquer P. 1988. Illustrated Keys for the Classification of Mediterranean Bryozoa. Treballs del Museu de Zoologia, Barcelona 4: 1 - 294." type="journal article" year="1988">Zabala & Maluquer (1988: 117</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, text-fig. 244, pl. 8, fig. H), from depths down to
|
||
<specimenCount id="ACEAFD77FF86D8398BBFFDB9FC324965" box="[935,1019,586,612]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="generic">
|
||
<quantity id="7D149B1BFF86D8398BBFFDB9FC3E4965" box="[935,1015,586,612]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="m" value="200.0">200 m</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</specimenCount>
|
||
However, most of these works lack a thorough description and illustration, and because some of these records differ in a few aspects from the
|
||
<typeStatus id="6557885CFF86D8398936FD63FEAA49AB" box="[302,355,656,682]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">type</typeStatus>
|
||
, I have only included the records from Madeira in the synonymy list. For instance, in at least some of the specimens recorded by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DE7D4B0FFF86D8398ACDFD40FCB449CF" author="Zabala" box="[725,893,691,718]" firstAuthor="Zabala" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="1 - 836" refId="ref14751" refString="Zabala M. 1986. Fauna dels Briozous dels Paisos Catalans. Institut d'Estudis Catalans, Arxius de la Seccio de Ciences, Barcelona 84: 1 - 836." type="journal article" year="1986">Zabala (1986)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DE7D4B0FFF86D8398BA6FD40FACC49CC" author="Zabala & Maluquer" box="[958,1285,691,717]" firstAuthor="Zabala" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="1 - 294" refId="ref14781" refString="Zabala M. & Maluquer P. 1988. Illustrated Keys for the Classification of Mediterranean Bryozoa. Treballs del Museu de Zoologia, Barcelona 4: 1 - 294." type="journal article" year="1988">Zabala & Maluquer (1988)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
from the Western Mediterranean, the suboral mucro is not developed or only very reduced, as can be seen in the provided SEM images. In turn, the orifice of the specimen from the Eastern Mediterranean Sea imaged by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DE7D4B0FFF86D83988FCFCEEFE634839" author="Harmelin" box="[228,426,797,824]" firstAuthor="Harmelin" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="1179 - 1208" refId="ref13048" refString="Harmelin J. - G. 1969. Bryozoaires recoltes au cours de la campagne du Jean Charcot en Mediterranee orientale (Aout-Septembre 1967) - I. Dragages. Bulletin du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 2 e serie 40: 1179 - 1208." type="journal article" year="1969">Harmelin (1969)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
has medially pointing condyles. Therefore, these records need to be checked for conspecifity based on SEM observations.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BA5336FEFF86D83988A5FC72FB474FD9" blockId="12.[189,1399,897,1241]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
There are also several fossil specimens that have been recorded as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7DEC4D7DFF86D8398BF3FC71FB12489A" baseAuthorityName="Waters" baseAuthorityYear="1899" box="[1003,1243,897,923]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Escharinidae" genus="Hippomenella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="mucronelliformis">
|
||
<emphasis id="8898EAECFF86D8398BF3FC71FB12489A" box="[1003,1243,897,923]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">H. mucronelliformis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Those from the Pliocene of Sicily (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DE7D4B0FFF86D83989C0FC56FC8D48BF" author="Pouyet & Moissette" box="[472,836,932,959]" firstAuthor="Pouyet" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="19 - 101" refId="ref13995" refString="Pouyet S. & Moissette P. 1992. Bryozoaires du Pliocene d'Altavilla (Sicile-Italie): revision de la collection Cipolla, nouvelles donnees, paleoecologie. Palaeontographica, Abt. A 223: 19 - 101." type="journal article" year="1992">Pouyet & Moissette 1992: 62</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, pl. 9, fig. 9) very much resemble the Recent
|
||
<typeStatus id="6557885CFF86D83988A5FC3BFF3B48E3" box="[189,242,968,994]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">type</typeStatus>
|
||
, whereas the Middle Miocene specimens from the Paratethys are similar but probably represent a distinct species, as they have a slightly different orifice shape and the proximal ooecial margin is rimmed (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DE7D4B0FFF86D839893FFBFDFDDF4F29" author="Zagorsek" box="[295,534,1038,1064]" firstAuthor="Zagorsek" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="139 - 255" refId="ref14812" refString="Zagorsek K. 2010. Bryozoa from the Langhian (Miocene) of the Czech Republic. Part II: Systematic description of the suborder Ascophora Levinsen, 1909 and paleoecological reconstruction of the studied paleoenvironment. Acta Musei Nationalis Pragae, Series B - Historia Naturalis 66: 139 - 255." type="journal article" year="2010">Zágorsek 2010: 168</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, pl. 143, figs 1-4). These records show that the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7DEC4D7DFF86D8398C96FBFDFAFD4F29" authorityName="Canu & Bassler" authorityYear="1917" box="[1166,1332,1038,1064]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Escharinidae" genus="Hippomenella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="8898EAECFF86D8398C96FBFDFAFD4F29" box="[1166,1332,1038,1064]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Hippomenella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a considerable fossil history in the Paratethys, and also that the Atlantic-Macaronesian region may have played an important role in acting as a refuge for Paratethyan-Mediterranean bryozoan taxa during the Messinian salinity crisis and/or the Pleistocene temperature minima (e.g.,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DE7D4B0FFF86D8398C7BFB8BFAC24F92" author="Berning" box="[1123,1291,1144,1171]" firstAuthor="Berning" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="7 - 156" refId="ref12182" refString="Berning B. 2006. The cheilostome bryozoan fauna from the Late Miocene of Niebla (Guadalquivir Basin, SW Spain): environmental and biogeographic implications. Mitteilungen aus dem Geologisch- Palaontologischen Institut der Universitat Hamburg 90: 7 - 156." type="journal article" year="2006">Berning 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Similar temporal and geographic distribution patterns were recently reported in species of the cheilostome genera
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7DEC4D7DFF86D839890AFB4DFDE04FD8" authority="Bobies, 1956" authorityName="Bobies" authorityYear="1956" box="[274,553,1214,1241]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Hippopodinidae" genus="Saevitella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="8898EAECFF86D839890AFB4DFE4F4FD9" box="[274,390,1214,1240]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Saevitella</emphasis>
|
||
Bobies, 1956
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7DEC4D7DFF86D8398A79FB4DFC564FD8" authority="Neviani, 1895" authorityName="Neviani" authorityYear="1895" box="[609,927,1214,1241]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Microporellidae" genus="Calloporina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="8898EAECFF86D8398A79FB4DFD394FD9" box="[609,752,1214,1240]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Calloporina</emphasis>
|
||
Neviani, 1895
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DE7D4B0FFF86D8398BC4FB4DFB4B4FD9" author="Berning" box="[988,1154,1214,1240]" firstAuthor="Berning" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="36 - 54" refId="ref12334" refString="Berning B. 2012. Taxonomic notes on some Cheilostomata (Bryozoa) from Madeira. Zootaxa 3236: 36 - 54." type="journal article" year="2012">Berning 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |