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596 lines
72 KiB
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<mods:title id="63A3277F9914B93398321F4313798118">A molecular and morphological revision of genera of Asterinidae (Echinodermata: Asteroidea)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="C90F00BA8E3179A91DC5C3FA3F65D667">O’Loughlin, P. Mark</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="E1BC0BF5B2F6FAFEE505842CFBA93388">Honorary Associate, Marine Biology Section, Museum Victoria, GPO Box 666 E, Melbourne, Vic. 3001, Australia</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="B250F05BE95456156F2629711544D5A8" type="email">pmo@bigpond.net.au</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="4507069B919BB4BD95E7E868C73991E3">Waters, Jonathan M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="6632CDE3C49D0FB79F438E129FB61B4B">Department of Zoology, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="77914D97CB5D49DC1C48B5A74F232C21" type="email">jonathan.waters@stonebow.otago.ac.nz</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="A878253EBFB6DA9B84CF5FB4453264EF">Memoirs of Museum Victoria</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="99F1FE3EC7D8448B1DBA44E0F92C4A8D">2004</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="EEC772B0CE8519EC101778B46184C280">61</mods:number>
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<subSubSection id="D8E06540FFB5FFB9FCACE57FFC2F4E58" box="[809,998,1544,1566]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="904536CBFFB5FFB9FCACE57FFC2F4E58" blockId="15.[809,998,1544,1566]" box="[809,998,1544,1566]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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<heading id="CB0D81A7FFB5FFB9FCACE57FFC2F4E58" box="[809,998,1544,1566]" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" reason="5">
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<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFB5FFB9FCACE57FFC2F4E58" ID-CoL="7NPXD" authority="Verrill" authorityName="Verrill" authorityYear="1913" box="[809,998,1544,1566]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Asterinides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFB5FFB9FCACE57FFC574E58" bold="true" box="[809,926,1544,1566]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Asterinides</emphasis>
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Verrill
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="D8E06540FFB5FFB9FCACE542FC054E0D" box="[809,972,1589,1611]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="description">
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<paragraph id="904536CBFFB5FFB9FCACE542FC054E0D" blockId="15.[809,972,1589,1611]" box="[809,972,1589,1611]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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<figureCitation id="08C12A4EFFB5FFB9FCACE542FC5E4E0D" box="[809,919,1589,1611]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="5.[131,190,1653,1673]" captionTargetBox="[131,1452,222,1628]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 2. Abactinal views of type species of Asterinidae genera. a, Anseropoda placenta (R = 31 mm, AM J10714). b, Aquilonastra cepheus (R = 12 mm, AM J8072). c, Asterina gibbosa (R = 16 mm, AM G11524). d, Asterinides folium (R = 19 mm, USNM E28573). e, Callopatiria granifera (R = 50 mm, NMV F98049). f, Cryptasterina pentagona (R = 11 mm, NMV F95959). g, Disasterina abnormalis (R = 22 mm, WAM Z6754). h, Indianastra sarasini (R = 20 mm, NMV F95802). i, Meridiastra atyphoida (R = 12 mm, AM J9909). j, Nepanthia maculata (R = 73 mm, AM J13918). k, Paranepanthia platydisca (R = 57 mm, holotype, USNM 32644). l, Parvulastra exigua (R = 11 mm, neotype, TM H508)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10665499" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10665499/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Figures 2d</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="08C12A4EFFB5FFB9FC27E542FC054E0D" box="[930,972,1589,1611]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="20.[139,198,1297,1317]" captionTargetBox="[137,1460,223,1273]" captionTargetId="figure-398@20.[583,1014,578,919]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Figure 8. a, Anseropoda placenta (R = 56 mm, NMV F98043): abactinal plates, spinelets, papulae. b, Anseropoda rosacea (R = 82 mm, NMV F95811): adambulacral and actinal plates and sacciform spines. c–d, Asterina gibbosa (R = 19 mm, NMV F45108): c, actinal interradius with gonopores; d, margin supported by internal contiguous projections from abactinal and actinal plates, absence of superambulacral plates. e, Asterina ocellifera (R = 37 mm, BMNH 1969.12.16.13): margin supported by internal contiguous plate projections, absence of superambulacral and superactinal plates. f–h, Asterinides folium (R = 20 mm, USNM 28573): f, abactinal spinelet clusters and papulae; g, actinal interradius with sacciform spines; h, marginal plates with spinelets. i, Asterinides pompom (R = 14 mm, USNM 47866): abactinal plates with paxilliform elevations." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10665515" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10665515/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">8f–i</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="D8E06540FFB5FFB9FCC6E528FB074EBF" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="904536CBFFB5FFB9FCC6E528FBF94E85" blockId="15.[809,1450,1631,1785]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="B0EA11E5FFB5FFB9FCC6E528FBF94E85" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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<treatmentCitation id="115B10DAFFB5FFB9FCC6E528FB9A4E35" author="Verrill, A. E." box="[835,1107,1631,1651]" page="479" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" year="1913">
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<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFB5FFB9FCC6E528FB9A4E35" ID-CoL="7NPXD" authority="Verrill, 1913: 479" authorityName="Verrill" authorityPageNumber="479" authorityYear="1913" box="[835,1107,1631,1651]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Asterinides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFB5FFB9FCC6E528FC604E35" box="[835,937,1631,1651]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Asterinides</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="F46B4B3AFFB5FFB9FC35E528FB9A4E35" author="Verrill, A. E." box="[944,1107,1631,1651]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="477 - 485" refId="ref37400" refString="Verrill, A. E. 1913. Revision of the genera of starfishes of the subfamily Asterininae. American Journal of Science (4) 35 (209): 477 - 485." type="journal article" year="1913">Verrill, 1913: 479</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
.—
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||
<treatmentCitation id="115B10DAFFB5FFB9FBEBE528FADB4E35" author="Verrill, A. E." box="[1134,1298,1631,1651]" page="263" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" year="1914">
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<bibRefCitation id="F46B4B3AFFB5FFB9FBEBE528FADB4E35" author="Verrill, A. E." box="[1134,1298,1631,1651]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="1 - 408" refId="ref37435" refString="Verrill, A. E. 1914. Monograph of the shallow-water starfishes of the North Pacific coast from the Arctic Ocean to California. Harriman Alaska Series, Smithsonian Institution 14: 1 - 408, 110 pls." type="book chapter" year="1914">Verrill, 1914: 263</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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.—
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||
<treatmentCitation id="115B10DAFFB5FFB9FAA9E528FCF64EC8" author="Verrill, A. E." page="58" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" year="1915">
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<bibRefCitation id="F46B4B3AFFB5FFB9FAA9E528FCF64EC8" author="Verrill, A. E." pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="1 - 232" refId="ref37475" refString="Verrill, A. E. 1915. Report on the starfishes of the West Indies, Florida and Brazil. Bulletins from the Laboratories of Natural History, University, Iowa City, Iowa 7 (1): 1 - 232, 29 pls." type="book chapter" year="1915">Verrill, 1915: 58</bibRefCitation>
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
.—
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||
<treatmentCitation id="115B10DAFFB5FFB9FCDCE50DFBE74EC8" author="Tommasi, L. R." box="[857,1070,1658,1678]" page="14" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" year="1970">
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||
<bibRefCitation id="F46B4B3AFFB5FFB9FCDCE50DFBE74EC8" author="Tommasi, L. R." box="[857,1070,1658,1678]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="1 - 61" refId="ref37175" refString="Tommasi, L. R. 1970. Lista dos asteroides recentes do Brasil. Contrcoes Instituto Oceanografico da Universidade Sao Paulo 18: 1 - 61, 60 figs." type="book chapter" year="1970">Tommasi, 1970: 14–15</bibRefCitation>
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
.—A.M.
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="115B10DAFFB5FFB9FBFAE50DFAD04EC8" author="Clark, A. M." box="[1151,1305,1658,1678]" page="364" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" year="1983">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F46B4B3AFFB5FFB9FBFAE50DFAD04EC8" author="Clark, A. M." box="[1151,1305,1658,1678]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="359 - 380" refId="ref34913" refString="Clark, A. M. 1983. Notes on Atlantic and other Asteroidea. 3. The families Ganeriidae and Asterinidae, with description of a new asterinid genus. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) (Zoology) 45 (7): 359 - 380." type="journal article" year="1983">Clark, 1983: 364</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
.—
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||
<treatmentCitation id="115B10DAFFB5FFB9FAB0E50DFCF74EEF" author="Rowe, F. W. E. & Gates, J." page="33" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" year="1995">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F46B4B3AFFB5FFB9FAB0E50DFCF74EEF" author="Rowe, F. W. E. & Gates, J." pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="1995" refId="ref36896" refString="Rowe, F. W. E., and Gates, J. 1995. Echinodermata. Pp. xiii + 510 in: Wells, A. (ed.), Zoological Catalogue of Australia 33. CSIRO: Melbourne. [as " Rowe (1995) " throughout paper]" type="book chapter" year="1995">Rowe, 1995: 33</bibRefCitation>
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
.—
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||
<treatmentCitation id="115B10DAFFB5FFB9FCDCE5E2FBB54EEF" author="Campbell, A. C. & Rowe, F. W. E." box="[857,1148,1685,1705]" page="131" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" year="1997">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F46B4B3AFFB5FFB9FCDCE5E2FBB54EEF" author="Campbell, A. C. & Rowe, F. W. E." box="[857,1148,1685,1705]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="129 - 136" refId="ref34776" refString="Campbell, A. C., and Rowe, F. W. E. 1997. A new species in the asterinid genus Patiriella (Echinodermata, Asteroidea) from Dhofar, southern Oman: a temperate taxon in a tropical locality. Bulletin of the British Museum, (Natural History) (Zoology) 63 (2): 129 - 136." type="journal article" year="1997">Campbell and Rowe, 1997: 131</bibRefCitation>
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
.—
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||
<treatmentCitation id="115B10DAFFB5FFB9FB12E5E2FA444EEF" author="Clark, A. M. & Mah, C." box="[1175,1421,1685,1705]" page="335" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" year="2001">
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||
<bibRefCitation id="F46B4B3AFFB5FFB9FB12E5E2FA444EEF" author="Clark, A. M. & Mah, C." box="[1175,1421,1685,1705]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="229 - 347" refId="ref35076" refString="Clark, A. M., and Mah, C. 2001. An index of names of recent Asteroidea - Part 4: Forcipulatida and Brisingida. Echinoderm Studies 6: 229 - 347. Balkema: Rotterdam." type="journal article" year="2001">Clark and Mah, 2001: 335</bibRefCitation>
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||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.— O’Loughlin, 2002: 291, 293.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="904536CBFFB5FFB9FCC6E5BDFB074EBF" blockId="15.[809,1450,1631,1785]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="B0EA11E5FFB5FFB9FCC6E5BDFB074EBF" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFB5FFB9FCC6E5BDFC0B4E98" ID-CoL="BGMQ4" box="[835,962,1738,1758]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Paxillasterina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFB5FFB9FCC6E5BDFC0B4E98" box="[835,962,1738,1758]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Paxillasterina</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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A.M.
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||
<treatmentCitation id="115B10DAFFB5FFB9FB85E5BDFB554E98" author="Clark, A. M." box="[1024,1180,1738,1758]" page="373" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" year="1983">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F46B4B3AFFB5FFB9FB85E5BDFB554E98" author="Clark, A. M." box="[1024,1180,1738,1758]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="359 - 380" refId="ref34913" refString="Clark, A. M. 1983. Notes on Atlantic and other Asteroidea. 3. The families Ganeriidae and Asterinidae, with description of a new asterinid genus. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) (Zoology) 45 (7): 359 - 380." type="journal article" year="1983">Clark, 1983: 373</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.—
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||
<treatmentCitation id="115B10DAFFB5FFB9FB3DE5BDFC854EBF" author="Clark, A. M. & Downey, M. E." page="193" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" year="1992">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F46B4B3AFFB5FFB9FB3DE5BDFC854EBF" author="Clark, A. M. & Downey, M. E." pageId="15" pageNumber="16" refId="ref35034" refString="Clark, A. M., and Downey, M. E. 1992. Starfishes of the Atlantic. Chapman and Hall (Natural History Museum Publications): London. 794 pp, 75 figs, 113 pls." type="book" year="1992">Clark and Downey, 1992: 193</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.—A.M.
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="115B10DAFFB5FFB9FC18E592FBF34EBF" author="Clark, A. M." box="[925,1082,1765,1785]" page="227" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" year="1993">
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||
<bibRefCitation id="F46B4B3AFFB5FFB9FC18E592FBF34EBF" author="Clark, A. M." box="[925,1082,1765,1785]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="187 - 366" refId="ref34965" refString="Clark, A. M. 1993. An index of names of recent Asteroidea - Part 2: Valvatida. Echinoderm Studies 4: 187 - 366. Balkema: Rotterdam." type="journal article" year="1993">Clark, 1993: 227</bibRefCitation>
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
. New synonym.
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||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
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||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="D8E06540FFB5FFA6FCACE478FDD349E0" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="17" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="diagnosis">
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||
<paragraph id="904536CBFFB5FFA6FCACE478FDD349E0" blockId="15.[809,1449,1807,1917]" lastBlockId="16.[139,779,224,422]" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="17" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFB5FFB9FCACE478FC464F63" box="[809,911,1807,1829]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Diagnosis</emphasis>
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. Rays 5 or 6; form subpentagonal or subhexagonal or discrete rays; abactinal plates in longitudinal series; extensive papulate areas, predominantly single papulae; abactinal plates singly notched; abactinal spinelets glassy, acicular to subsacciform, in tufts or subpaxilliform or on paxilliform columns; lacking pedicellariae; superomarginal plates with tuft of spinelets; inferomarginal plates with distal dense subpaxilliform tuft of larger spinelets; actinal spines subsacciform, thin; lacking superambulacral and superactinal plates, distal interradial margin supported by inward projecting tongues from abactinal and sometimes actinal plates.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="D8E06540FFAAFFA6FF0EE2CBFED949B6" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="type_taxon">
|
||
<paragraph id="904536CBFFAAFFA6FF0EE2CBFED949B6" blockId="16.[139,779,444,496]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFAAFFA6FF0EE2CBFEEB4994" box="[139,290,444,466]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<typeStatus id="4F418869FFAAFFA6FF0EE2CBFF754994" box="[139,188,444,466]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
species.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFAAFFA6FEB6E2CBFD574994" authority="Lutken, 1860" authorityName="Lutken" authorityYear="1860" box="[307,670,444,466]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Asteriscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="folium">
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFAAFFA6FEB6E2CBFE3C4994" box="[307,501,444,466]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Asteriscus folium</emphasis>
|
||
Lütken, 1860
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(original designation).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="D8E06540FFAAFFA6FF0EE172FE3B4A08" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="taxon_list">
|
||
<paragraph id="904536CBFFAAFFA6FF0EE172FE3B4A08" blockId="16.[139,780,517,591]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFAAFFA6FF0EE172FEDA4A5F" box="[139,275,517,537]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Other species.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFAAFFA6FE98E172FD9A4A5F" authority="(Doderlein, 1910)" baseAuthorityName="Doderlein" baseAuthorityYear="1910" box="[285,595,517,537]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Asterinides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="hartmeyeri">
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFAAFFA6FE98E172FE574A5F" box="[285,414,517,537]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">A. hartmeyeri</emphasis>
|
||
(Döderlein, 1910)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFAAFFA6FDE4E172FF084A72" authority="(Perrier, 1881)" baseAuthorityName="Perrier" baseAuthorityYear="1881" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Asterinides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="pilosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFAAFFA6FDE4E172FD7F4A5F" box="[609,694,517,537]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">A. pilosa</emphasis>
|
||
(Perrier, 1881)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(junior synonym:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFAAFFA6FEE2E157FDF14A72" authority="Perrier, 1881" authorityName="Perrier" authorityYear="1881" box="[359,568,544,564]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Asterina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="lymani">
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFAAFFA6FEE2E157FE744A72" box="[359,445,544,564]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">A. lymani</emphasis>
|
||
Perrier, 1881
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F46B4B3AFFAAFFA6FDD8E157FF754A08" author="Clark, A. M. & Downey, M. E." pageId="16" pageNumber="17" refId="ref35034" refString="Clark, A. M., and Downey, M. E. 1992. Starfishes of the Atlantic. Chapman and Hall (Natural History Museum Publications): London. 794 pp, 75 figs, 113 pls." type="book" year="1992">Clark and Downey, 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||
);
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFAAFFA6FF48E14CFEFC4A09" baseAuthorityName="A. M. Clark" baseAuthorityYear="1983" box="[205,309,571,591]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Asterinides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="pompom">
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFAAFFA6FF48E14CFEFC4A09" box="[205,309,571,591]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">A. pompom</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(A.M.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F46B4B3AFFAAFFA6FEFCE14DFE214A08" author="Clark, A. M." box="[377,488,570,590]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="359 - 380" refId="ref34913" refString="Clark, A. M. 1983. Notes on Atlantic and other Asteroidea. 3. The families Ganeriidae and Asterinidae, with description of a new asterinid genus. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) (Zoology) 45 (7): 359 - 380." type="journal article" year="1983">Clark, 1983</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="D8E06540FFAAFFA6FF0EE113FF314B08" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="904536CBFFAAFFA6FF0EE113FF224A8E" blockId="16.[139,780,612,846]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFAAFFA6FF0EE113FE654A3E" box="[139,428,612,632]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
Material examined.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFAAFFA6FEC9E113FE614A3E" authorityName="Lutken" authorityYear="1860" box="[332,424,612,632]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Asteriscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="folium">A. folium</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="20923C96FFAAFFA6FE30E113FF164AD5" collectionCode="ZMUC" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<typeStatus id="4F418869FFAAFFA6FE30E113FDC54A3E" box="[437,524,612,632]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
. Atlantic Ocean, Virgin Is (
|
||
<collectionCode id="F6EBAE0EFFAAFFA6FF17E108FF104AD5" box="[146,217,639,659]" country="Denmark" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/mci8-ehqk" name="Zoological Museum, University of Copenhagen" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">ZMUC</collectionCode>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="20923C96FFAAFFA6FF6AE108FF314AE8" collectionCode="USNM" county="Caribbean Sea" location="Other" municipality="Atlantic Ocean" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" specimenCode="E28573" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<location id="95256010FFAAFFA6FF6AE108FEEA4AD5" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:185387DDFFB5FFA6FCACE57FFAAE4E1F:95256010FFAAFFA6FF6AE108FEEA4AD5" box="[239,291,639,659]" county="Caribbean Sea" municipality="Atlantic Ocean" name="Other" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Other</location>
|
||
material.
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="7021ACB1FFAAFFA6FE0FE108FDD54AD5" box="[394,540,639,659]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Atlantic Ocean</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCounty id="79244E47FFAAFFA6FDA8E108FD734AD5" box="[557,698,639,659]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Caribbean Sea</collectingCounty>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="F6EBAE0EFFAAFFA6FD4FE108FCC24AD5" box="[714,779,639,659]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
<specimenCode id="C05C9EB0FFAAFFA6FF0EE1EDFF1B4AE8" box="[139,210,666,686]" collectionCode="USNM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="Museum">E28573</specimenCode>
|
||
(1)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="20923C96FFAAFFA6FE82E1EDFD914AE8" box="[263,600,666,686]" collectionCode="USNM" location="Gulf of Mexico" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" specimenCode="USNM 38811" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<location id="95256010FFAAFFA6FE82E1EDFE694AE8" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:185387DDFFB5FFA6FCACE57FFAAE4E1F:95256010FFAAFFA6FE82E1EDFE694AE8" box="[263,416,666,686]" name="Gulf of Mexico" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Gulf of Mexico</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCode id="C05C9EB0FFAAFFA6FE2BE1EDFDFB4AE8" box="[430,562,666,686]" collectionCode="USNM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="Museum">USNM 38811</specimenCode>
|
||
(3)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="20923C96FFAAFFA6FDE2E1EDFF0D4A8E" collectionCode="USNM" country="Bermuda" location="Bermuda" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" specimenCode="USNM 38236" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E8ED765BFFAAFFA6FDE2E1EDFD754AE8" box="[615,700,666,686]" name="Bermuda" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Bermuda</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCode id="C05C9EB0FFAAFFA6FD4FE1EDFF0D4A8E" collectionCode="USNM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="Museum">USNM 38236</specimenCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
(4).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="904536CBFFAAFFA6FF23E1B8FCC14AA5" blockId="16.[139,780,612,846]" box="[166,776,719,739]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFAAFFA6FF23E1B8FEE34AA5" box="[166,298,719,739]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFAAFFA6FF23E1B8FEEF4AA5" baseAuthorityName="Doderlein" baseAuthorityYear="1910" box="[166,294,719,739]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Asterinides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="hartmeyeri">A. hartmeyeri</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Atlantic Ocean, Caribbean Sea,
|
||
<collectionCode id="F6EBAE0EFFAAFFA6FDD7E1B8FD5A4AA5" box="[594,659,719,739]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
E49050 (2).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="904536CBFFAAFFA6FF23E19DFD044B5E" blockId="16.[139,780,612,846]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFAAFFA6FF23E19DFF374AB8" box="[166,254,746,766]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFAAFFA6FF23E19DFF334AB8" baseAuthorityName="Perrier" baseAuthorityYear="1881" box="[166,250,746,766]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Asterinides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="pilosa">A. pilosa</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Atlantic Ocean, Caribbean Sea,
|
||
<collectionCode id="F6EBAE0EFFAAFFA6FDA2E19DFDA14AB8" box="[551,616,746,766]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
E17973 (2); Gulf of Mexico,
|
||
<collectionCode id="F6EBAE0EFFAAFFA6FF73E073FEFE4B5E" box="[246,311,772,792]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
E13707 (1);
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E8ED765BFFAAFFA6FE34E073FDD84B5E" box="[433,529,772,792]" name="Venezuela" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="F6EBAE0EFFAAFFA6FD9FE073FD924B5E" box="[538,603,772,792]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
E28411 (1).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="904536CBFFAAFFA6FF23E068FF314B08" blockId="16.[139,780,612,846]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFAAFFA6FF23E068FED14B75" box="[166,280,799,819]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFAAFFA6FF23E068FEDD4B75" baseAuthorityName="A. M. Clark" baseAuthorityYear="1983" box="[166,276,799,819]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Asterinides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="pompom">A. pompom</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Atlantic Ocean, Caribbean Sea,
|
||
<collectionCode id="F6EBAE0EFFAAFFA6FDD5E068FD584B75" box="[592,657,799,819]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
E47755 (4); E47866 (1).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="D8E06540FFAAFFA6FF09E013FB2A49CF" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="904536CBFFAAFFA6FF09E013FEFF4C0E" blockId="16.[139,780,868,1917]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFAAFFA6FF09E013FDD94B3C" box="[140,528,868,890]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Description with species variations.</emphasis>
|
||
Rays predominantly 5
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFAAFFA6FF0EE0F5FE7F4BDE" box="[139,438,898,920]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFAAFFA6FF16E0F5FF114BDE" authorityName="Lutken" authorityYear="1860" box="[147,216,898,920]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Asteriscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="folium">folium</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFAAFFA6FF66E0F5FE9D4BDE" baseAuthorityName="Doderlein" baseAuthorityYear="1910" box="[227,340,898,920]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Asterinides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="hartmeyeri">hartmeyeri</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFAAFFA6FEDAE0F5FE7F4BDE" baseAuthorityName="A. M. Clark" baseAuthorityYear="1983" box="[351,438,898,920]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Asterinides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="pompom">pompom</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
) or 6 (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFAAFFA6FD85E0F5FDF74BDE" baseAuthorityName="Perrier" baseAuthorityYear="1881" box="[512,574,898,920]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Asterinides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="pilosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFAAFFA6FD85E0F5FDF74BDE" box="[512,574,898,920]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">pilosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), interradial margin straight to slightly to deeply (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFAAFFA6FE47E0E8FDC94BF3" baseAuthorityName="Perrier" baseAuthorityYear="1881" box="[450,512,927,949]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Asterinides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="pilosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFAAFFA6FE47E0E8FDC94BF3" box="[450,512,927,949]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">pilosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) incurved, subpentagonal or discrete rays (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFAAFFA6FEB1E0CBFEBB4B94" baseAuthorityName="Perrier" baseAuthorityYear="1881" box="[308,370,956,978]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Asterinides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="pilosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFAAFFA6FEB1E0CBFEBB4B94" box="[308,370,956,978]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">pilosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); body thick, sides of rays steep (
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFAAFFA6FD41E0CBFE8C4BB6" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFAAFFA6FD41E0CBFCC14B94" authorityName="Lutken" authorityYear="1860" box="[708,776,956,978]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Asteriscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="folium">folium</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFAAFFA6FF0EE0ADFF354BB6" baseAuthorityName="Doderlein" baseAuthorityYear="1910" box="[139,252,986,1008]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Asterinides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="hartmeyeri">hartmeyeri</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFAAFFA6FE82E0ADFE8C4BB6" baseAuthorityName="Perrier" baseAuthorityYear="1881" box="[263,325,986,1008]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Asterinides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="pilosa">pilosa</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
), or thin (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFAAFFA6FE2BE0ADFDCC4BB6" baseAuthorityName="A. M. Clark" baseAuthorityYear="1983" box="[430,517,986,1008]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Asterinides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="pompom">
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFAAFFA6FE2BE0ADFDCC4BB6" box="[430,517,986,1008]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">pompom</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); size small (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFAAFFA6FD15E0ADFD184BB6" authorityName="Lutken" authorityYear="1860" box="[656,721,986,1008]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Asteriscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="folium">
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFAAFFA6FD15E0ADFD184BB6" box="[656,721,986,1008]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">folium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
up to R =
|
||
<quantity id="57029B2EFFAAFFA6FF3CE080FECA4C4B" box="[185,259,1015,1037]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="mm" value="20.0">20 mm</quantity>
|
||
) to very small (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFAAFFA6FE22E080FDDC4C4B" baseAuthorityName="Doderlein" baseAuthorityYear="1910" box="[423,533,1015,1037]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Asterinides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="hartmeyeri">
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFAAFFA6FE22E080FDDC4C4B" box="[423,533,1015,1037]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">hartmeyeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
up to R =
|
||
<quantity id="57029B2EFFAAFFA6FD03E080FD0F4C4B" box="[646,710,1015,1037]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="mm" value="7.0">7 mm</quantity>
|
||
); lacking pedicellariae; gonopores abactinal; one fissiparous (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFAAFFA6FD42E763FCCC4C6C" baseAuthorityName="Perrier" baseAuthorityYear="1881" box="[711,773,1044,1066]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Asterinides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="pilosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFAAFFA6FD42E763FCCC4C6C" box="[711,773,1044,1066]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">pilosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, R up to
|
||
<quantity id="57029B2EFFAAFFA6FF5BE745FEE24C0E" box="[222,299,1074,1096]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="mm" value="10.0">10 mm</quantity>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="904536CBFFAAFFA6FF2EE738FE8E4EAC" blockId="16.[139,780,868,1917]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
Abactinal surface uneven due to raised proximal edge of thick imbricating plates (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFAAFFA6FE28E71BFE264CC4" authorityName="Lutken" authorityYear="1860" box="[429,495,1132,1154]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Asteriscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="folium">
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFAAFFA6FE28E71BFE264CC4" box="[429,495,1132,1154]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">folium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) or paxilliform columns (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFAAFFA6FF11E7FDFF224CE6" baseAuthorityName="A. M. Clark" baseAuthorityYear="1983" box="[148,235,1162,1184]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Asterinides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="pompom">
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFAAFFA6FF11E7FDFF224CE6" box="[148,235,1162,1184]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">pompom</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); abactinal plates in longitudinal series; denuded appearance dominated by singly notched plates, heart-shaped to crescentiform; papulate areas extensive; papulae predominantly single, large, up to 4 longitudinal series along each side of rays; doubly notched and papulate carinal series variably present for most of ray, or upper ray plates irregular (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFAAFFA6FF11E64DFF1B4D16" baseAuthorityName="Perrier" baseAuthorityYear="1881" box="[148,210,1338,1360]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Asterinides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="pilosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFAAFFA6FF11E64DFF1B4D16" box="[148,210,1338,1360]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">pilosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); papular spaces fairly large, sometimes up to 3 papulae and 3 secondary plates per space; disc bordered by series of 5 radial 5 interradial plates (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFAAFFA6FE5CE603FDD34DCC" authorityName="Lutken" authorityYear="1860" box="[473,538,1396,1418]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Asteriscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="folium">
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFAAFFA6FE5CE603FDD34DCC" box="[473,538,1396,1418]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">folium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), or not (
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFAAFFA6FD12E603FF004DEE" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFAAFFA6FD12E603FCC14DCC" baseAuthorityName="Doderlein" baseAuthorityYear="1910" box="[663,776,1396,1418]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Asterinides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="hartmeyeri">hartmeyeri</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFAAFFA6FF0EE6E5FF004DEE" baseAuthorityName="Perrier" baseAuthorityYear="1881" box="[139,201,1426,1448]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Asterinides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="pilosa">pilosa</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
); denuded plates with glassy convexities (
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFAAFFA6FD0DE6E5FF064D83" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFAAFFA6FD0DE6E5FD054DEE" authorityName="Lutken" authorityYear="1860" box="[648,716,1426,1448]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Asteriscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="folium">folium</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFAAFFA6FD5CE6E5FF064D83" baseAuthorityName="Doderlein" baseAuthorityYear="1910" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Asterinides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="hartmeyeri">hartmeyeri</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
) or irregular texturing (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFAAFFA6FE5FE6D8FDF84D83" baseAuthorityName="A. M. Clark" baseAuthorityYear="1983" box="[474,561,1455,1477]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Asterinides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="pompom">
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFAAFFA6FE5FE6D8FDF84D83" box="[474,561,1455,1477]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">pompom</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); plates with apical ridge or dome; spination variable, up to 3 subpaxilliform tufts across each plate proximally, each tuft with up to 20 spinelets, single subpaxilliform tufts distally (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFAAFFA6FDC4E570FD4B4E5B" authorityName="Lutken" authorityYear="1860" box="[577,642,1543,1565]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Asteriscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="folium">
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFAAFFA6FDC4E570FD4B4E5B" box="[577,642,1543,1565]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">folium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), or tufts of spinelets (
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFAAFFA6FF7CE553FE704E7C" box="[249,441,1572,1594]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFAAFFA6FF7CE553FEA34E7C" baseAuthorityName="Doderlein" baseAuthorityYear="1910" box="[249,362,1572,1594]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Asterinides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="hartmeyeri">hartmeyeri</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFAAFFA6FEFEE553FE704E7C" baseAuthorityName="Perrier" baseAuthorityYear="1881" box="[379,441,1572,1594]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Asterinides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="pilosa">pilosa</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
), or soft paxillar columns and rounded domes, each with up to 50 spinelets (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFAAFFA6FD20E535FD354E1E" baseAuthorityName="A. M. Clark" baseAuthorityYear="1983" box="[677,764,1602,1624]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Asterinides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="pompom">
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFAAFFA6FD20E535FD354E1E" box="[677,764,1602,1624]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">pompom</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); spinelets glassy, acicular to subsacciform; superomarginal plates with central tuft or pompom of spinelets; inferomarginal series projects to form margin, plates bare proximally, prominent marginal tuft of larger spinelets, sometimes on elevations
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFAAFFA6FF0EE5A3FEF04EAC" box="[139,313,1748,1770]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFAAFFA6FF16E5A3FF114EAC" authorityName="Lutken" authorityYear="1860" box="[147,216,1748,1770]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Asteriscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="folium">folium</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFAAFFA6FF67E5A3FEF04EAC" baseAuthorityName="A. M. Clark" baseAuthorityYear="1983" box="[226,313,1748,1770]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Asterinides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="pompom">pompom</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="904536CBFFAAFFA6FF2EE585FCC24F63" blockId="16.[139,780,868,1917]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
Actinal interradial plates in longitudinal series (
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFAAFFA6FD41E585FF2B4F63" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFAAFFA6FD41E585FCC14F4E" authorityName="Lutken" authorityYear="1860" box="[708,776,1778,1800]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Asteriscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="folium">folium</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFAAFFA6FF0EE478FF2B4F63" baseAuthorityName="A. M. Clark" baseAuthorityYear="1983" box="[139,226,1807,1829]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Asterinides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="pompom">pompom</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
), sometimes oblique (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFAAFFA6FE41E478FDCC4F63" authorityName="Lutken" authorityYear="1860" box="[452,517,1807,1829]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Asteriscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="folium">
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFAAFFA6FE41E478FDCC4F63" box="[452,517,1807,1829]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">folium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), or oblique (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFAAFFA6FD0BE478FD354F63" baseAuthorityName="Doderlein" baseAuthorityYear="1910" box="[654,764,1807,1829]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Asterinides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="hartmeyeri">
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFAAFFA6FD0BE478FD354F63" box="[654,764,1807,1829]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">hartmeyeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="904536CBFFAAFFA6FF2EE45BFC3D4955" blockId="16.[139,780,868,1917]" lastBlockId="16.[817,1457,224,393]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
Actinal spines per plate: oral 4–7; suboral 1–10; furrow 3–5, webbed; subambulacral 2–4 or clusters (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFAAFFA6FDAAE43DFDA44F26" baseAuthorityName="Perrier" baseAuthorityYear="1881" box="[559,621,1866,1888]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Asterinides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="pilosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFAAFFA6FDAAE43DFDA44F26" box="[559,621,1866,1888]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">pilosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); adradial actinal plates with complete series of spines; actinal 1–4 or clusters (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFAAFFA6FCBFE397FCB148B0" baseAuthorityName="Perrier" baseAuthorityYear="1881" box="[826,888,224,246]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Asterinides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="pilosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFAAFFA6FCBFE397FCB148B0" box="[826,888,224,246]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">pilosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), webbed if more than 1; actinal interradial spines subsacciform, thin.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="904536CBFFAAFFA6FCD4E26CFB2A49CF" blockId="16.[817,1457,224,393]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
Lacking superambulacral and superactinal plates; distal interradial margin supported by internal contiguous tongue-like projections from abactinal and actinal plates (
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFAAFFA6FA86E221FA61492A" box="[1283,1448,342,364]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFAAFFA6FA86E221FA8E492A" authorityName="Lutken" authorityYear="1860" box="[1283,1351,342,364]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Asteriscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="folium">folium</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFAAFFA6FAD4E221FA61492A" baseAuthorityName="A. M. Clark" baseAuthorityYear="1983" box="[1361,1448,342,364]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Asterinides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="pompom">pompom</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
) or from abactinal plates only (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFAAFFA6FBE3E204FB1D49CF" baseAuthorityName="Doderlein" baseAuthorityYear="1910" box="[1126,1236,371,393]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Asterinides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="hartmeyeri">
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFAAFFA6FBE3E204FB1D49CF" box="[1126,1236,371,393]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">hartmeyeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="D8E06540FFAAFFA6FCB4E2E8FB9A4994" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="904536CBFFAAFFA6FCB4E2E8FB9A4994" blockId="16.[817,1457,415,466]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFAAFFA6FCB4E2E8FC6749F3" box="[817,942,415,437]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Distribution</emphasis>
|
||
. W Atlantic, Florida,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E8ED765BFFAAFFA6FB30E2E8FADF49F3" box="[1205,1302,415,437]" name="Bahamas" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Bahamas</collectingCountry>
|
||
, West Indies, Caribbean,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E8ED765BFFAAFFA6FC22E2CBFC214994" box="[935,1000,444,466]" name="Brazil" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
;
|
||
<quantity id="57029B2EFFAAFFA6FC77E2CBFB994994" box="[1010,1104,444,466]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.28" metricValueMax="2.56" metricValueMin="0.0" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="m" value="128.0" valueMax="256.0" valueMin="0.0">
|
||
0–
|
||
<specimenCount id="86FCFD42FFAAFFA6FB89E2CBFB994994" box="[1036,1104,444,466]" count="256" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="generic">256 m</specimenCount>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="D8E06540FFAAFFA6FCB4E29FFAAE4E1F" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="904536CBFFAAFFA6FCB4E29FFAE74BDF" blockId="16.[817,1458,488,1625]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFAAFFA6FCB4E29FFC5849B8" box="[817,913,488,510]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
Molecular data are not available for any species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFAAFFA6FCB4E171FC6A4A5A" authorityName="Verrill" authorityYear="1913" box="[817,931,518,540]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Asterinides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFAAFFA6FCB4E171FC6A4A5A" box="[817,931,518,540]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Asterinides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and this review is based on morphology.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F46B4B3AFFAAFFA6FAF3E172FCBD4A7F" author="Rowe, F. W. E. & Gates, J." pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="1995" refId="ref36896" refString="Rowe, F. W. E., and Gates, J. 1995. Echinodermata. Pp. xiii + 510 in: Wells, A. (ed.), Zoological Catalogue of Australia 33. CSIRO: Melbourne. [as " Rowe (1995) " throughout paper]" type="book chapter" year="1995">Rowe (1995)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and Rowe and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F46B4B3AFFAAFFA6FB93E154FB0B4A7F" author="Campbell, A. C. & Rowe, F. W. E." box="[1046,1218,547,569]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="129 - 136" refId="ref34776" refString="Campbell, A. C., and Rowe, F. W. E. 1997. A new species in the asterinid genus Patiriella (Echinodermata, Asteroidea) from Dhofar, southern Oman: a temperate taxon in a tropical locality. Bulletin of the British Museum, (Natural History) (Zoology) 63 (2): 129 - 136." type="journal article" year="1997">Campbell (1997)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
considered
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFAAFFA6FABAE154FA784A7F" authorityName="Verrill" authorityYear="1913" box="[1343,1457,547,569]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Asterinides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFAAFFA6FABAE154FA784A7F" box="[1343,1457,547,569]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Asterinides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to be a valid genus.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F46B4B3AFFAAFFA6FB88E137FB534A10" author="Verrill, A. E." box="[1037,1178,576,598]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="477 - 485" refId="ref37400" refString="Verrill, A. E. 1913. Revision of the genera of starfishes of the subfamily Asterininae. American Journal of Science (4) 35 (209): 477 - 485." type="journal article" year="1913">Verrill (1913)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
referred
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFAAFFA6FB7BE137FCB24A35" authority="Lutken" authorityName="Lutken" authorityYear="1860" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Asteriscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="folium">
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFAAFFA6FB7BE137FA784A10" box="[1278,1457,576,598]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Asteriscus folium</emphasis>
|
||
Lütken
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFAAFFA6FC09E129FA494A35" authority="Muller and Troschel, 1842" authorityName="Muller and Troschel" authorityYear="1842" box="[908,1408,605,628]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Asteriscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="cepheus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFAAFFA6FC09E129FB9A4A32" box="[908,1107,606,628]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Asteriscus cepheus</emphasis>
|
||
Müller and Troschel, 1842
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFAAFFA6FCB4E10CFB3D4AD7" authority="Verrill, 1870" authorityName="Verrill" authorityYear="1870" box="[817,1268,635,657]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Asterina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="modesta" subGenus="Asteriscus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFAAFFA6FCB4E10CFC4E4AD7" box="[817,903,635,657]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Asterina</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFAAFFA6FC1CE10CFBC84AD7" box="[921,1025,635,657]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Asteriscus</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFAAFFA6FB96E10CFBAE4AD7" box="[1043,1127,635,657]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">modesta</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F46B4B3AFFAAFFA6FBF4E10CFB3D4AD7" author="Verrill, A. E." box="[1137,1268,635,657]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="251 - 322" refId="ref37284" refString="Verrill, A. E. 1870. Notes on the Radiata in the Museum of Yale College. 2. Notes on the echinoderms of Panama and west coast of America, with descriptions of new genera and species. Transactions of the Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences [1867 to 1871] 1 (2): 251 - 322." type="journal article" year="1870">Verrill, 1870</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to his new genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFAAFFA6FCB4E1EFFC6A4AE8" authorityName="Verrill" authorityYear="1913" box="[817,931,664,686]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Asterinides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFAAFFA6FCB4E1EFFC6A4AE8" box="[817,931,664,686]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Asterinides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. O’Loughlin (2002) removed
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFAAFFA6FB51E1EFFA8D4AE8" authorityName="Verrill" authorityYear="1870" box="[1236,1348,664,686]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Asterina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="modesta">
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFAAFFA6FB51E1EFFA8D4AE8" box="[1236,1348,664,686]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">A. modesta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to his new genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFAAFFA6FC04E1C1FC364A8A" authorityName=", O'Loughlin" authorityYear="2002" box="[897,1023,694,716]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Meridiastra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFAAFFA6FC04E1C1FC364A8A" box="[897,1023,694,716]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Meridiastra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFAAFFA6FB9CE1C1FB514A8A" authorityName="Muller and Troschel" authorityYear="1842" box="[1049,1176,694,716]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Asteriscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="cepheus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFAAFFA6FB9CE1C1FB514A8A" box="[1049,1176,694,716]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">A. cepheus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is removed here from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFAAFFA6FCB4E1A4FC6A4AAF" authorityName="Verrill" authorityYear="1913" box="[817,931,723,745]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Asterinides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFAAFFA6FCB4E1A4FC6A4AAF" box="[817,931,723,745]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Asterinides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFAAFFA6FC53E1A4FB934AAF" box="[982,1114,723,745]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Aquilonastra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFAAFFA6FC53E1A4FB934AAF" box="[982,1114,723,745]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Aquilonastra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The genera
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFAAFFA6FB7CE1A4FAB44AAF" box="[1273,1405,723,745]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Aquilonastra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFAAFFA6FB7CE1A4FAB44AAF" box="[1273,1405,723,745]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Aquilonastra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFAAFFA6FCB4E187FC6A4B40" authorityName="Verrill" authorityYear="1913" box="[817,931,752,774]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Asterinides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFAAFFA6FCB4E187FC6A4B40" box="[817,931,752,774]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Asterinides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
share many morphological similarities, such as the multiple spinelet tufts per plate in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFAAFFA6FB18E079FACC4B62" baseAuthorityName="Goto" baseAuthorityYear="1914" box="[1181,1285,782,804]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Aquilonastra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="batheri">
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFAAFFA6FB18E079FACC4B62" box="[1181,1285,782,804]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">A. batheri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFAAFFA6FA92E079FABE4B62" authorityName="Lutken" authorityYear="1860" box="[1303,1399,782,804]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Asteriscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="folium">
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFAAFFA6FA92E079FABE4B62" box="[1303,1399,782,804]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">A. folium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
also) and paxillar columns in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFAAFFA6FBA2E05CFB574B07" box="[1063,1182,811,833]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Asterina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="coronata">
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFAAFFA6FBA2E05CFB574B07" box="[1063,1182,811,833]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">A. coronata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFAAFFA6FB2BE05CFAE84B07" baseAuthorityName="A. M. Clark" baseAuthorityYear="1983" box="[1198,1313,811,833]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Asterinides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="pompom">
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFAAFFA6FB2BE05CFAE84B07" box="[1198,1313,811,833]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">A. pompom</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
also). But the generic morphological difference evident in this study is the presence of superambulacral and superactinal internal skeletal plates in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFAAFFA6FC0BE0F4FBDB4BDF" box="[910,1042,899,921]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Aquilonastra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFAAFFA6FC0BE0F4FBDB4BDF" box="[910,1042,899,921]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Aquilonastra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and absence in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFAAFFA6FB33E0F4FAE14BDF" authorityName="Verrill" authorityYear="1913" box="[1206,1320,899,921]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Asterinides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFAAFFA6FB33E0F4FAE14BDF" box="[1206,1320,899,921]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Asterinides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="904536CBFFAAFFA6FCD4E0D7FC604CF8" blockId="16.[817,1458,488,1625]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
A.M.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F46B4B3AFFAAFFA6FC09E0D7FBC44BF0" author="Clark, A. M." box="[908,1037,928,950]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="359 - 380" refId="ref34913" refString="Clark, A. M. 1983. Notes on Atlantic and other Asteroidea. 3. The families Ganeriidae and Asterinidae, with description of a new asterinid genus. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) (Zoology) 45 (7): 359 - 380." type="journal article" year="1983">Clark (1983)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
considered the paxillar columns on many abactinal plates of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFAAFFA6FC6AE0C9FB964B92" baseAuthorityName="A. M. Clark" baseAuthorityYear="1983" box="[1007,1119,958,980]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Asterinides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="pompom">
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFAAFFA6FC6AE0C9FB964B92" box="[1007,1119,958,980]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">P. pompom</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to be of generic significance, but
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F46B4B3AFFAAFFA6FCB4E0ACFB9A4BB7" author="Clark, A. M. & Downey, M. E." box="[817,1107,987,1009]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" refId="ref35034" refString="Clark, A. M., and Downey, M. E. 1992. Starfishes of the Atlantic. Chapman and Hall (Natural History Museum Publications): London. 794 pp, 75 figs, 113 pls." type="book" year="1992">Clark and Downey (1992)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
noted some similarity between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFAAFFA6FCB4E08FFC594C48" authorityName="Lutken" authorityYear="1860" box="[817,912,1016,1038]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Asteriscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="folium">
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFAAFFA6FCB4E08FFC594C48" box="[817,912,1016,1038]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">A. folium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFAAFFA6FC41E08FFBFC4C48" baseAuthorityName="A. M. Clark" baseAuthorityYear="1983" box="[964,1077,1016,1038]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Asterinides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="pompom">
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFAAFFA6FC41E08FFBFC4C48" box="[964,1077,1016,1038]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">P. pompom</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Both papers considered the paxillar columns to be otherwise unknown among
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFAAFFA6FA88E762FA4B4C6D" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1840" box="[1293,1410,1045,1067]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">Asterinidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
but
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFAAFFA6FCB4E744FBDE4C0F" baseAuthorityName="Martens" baseAuthorityYear="1866" box="[817,1047,1075,1097]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Aquilonastra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="coronata">
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFAAFFA6FCB4E744FBDE4C0F" box="[817,1047,1075,1097]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Aquilonastra coronata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has similar columns. Their presence in two otherwise well-defined genera,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFAAFFA6FB7FE727FAB84C20" authorityName="Verrill" authorityYear="1913" box="[1274,1393,1104,1126]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Asterinides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFAAFFA6FB7FE727FAB84C20" box="[1274,1393,1104,1126]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Asterinides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFAAFFA6FCB4E719FC7C4CC2" box="[817,949,1134,1156]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Aquilonastra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFAAFFA6FCB4E719FC7C4CC2" box="[817,949,1134,1156]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Aquilonastra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
argues against use of paxillar columns as a generic character.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFAAFFA6FC77E7FCFB494CE7" box="[1010,1152,1163,1185]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Paxillasterina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFAAFFA6FC77E7FCFB494CE7" box="[1010,1152,1163,1185]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Paxillasterina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is placed in synonymy with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFAAFFA6FCB4E7DFFC6A4CF8" authorityName="Verrill" authorityYear="1913" box="[817,931,1192,1214]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Asterinides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFAAFFA6FCB4E7DFFC6A4CF8" box="[817,931,1192,1214]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Asterinides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="904536CBFFAAFFA6FCD4E7B2FAAE4E1F" blockId="16.[817,1458,488,1625]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
The description of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFAAFFA6FB92E7B1FBBF4C9A" authorityName="Lutken" authorityYear="1860" box="[1047,1142,1222,1244]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Asteriscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="folium">
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFAAFFA6FB92E7B1FBBF4C9A" box="[1047,1142,1222,1244]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">A. folium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by O’Loughlin (2002) was of specimens up to R =
|
||
<quantity id="57029B2EFFAAFFA6FB8CE794FB9A4CBF" box="[1033,1107,1251,1273]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="mm" value="15.0">15 mm</quantity>
|
||
, and is superceded by the descriptive details here based on a specimen with R =
|
||
<quantity id="57029B2EFFAAFFA6FA94E677FA914D50" box="[1297,1368,1280,1302]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="mm" value="19.0">19 mm</quantity>
|
||
(USNM E28573). The earlier description referred to ad-disc interradial papular spaces, each with two lateral papulae separated by one or two secondary plates. In the larger specimen these spaces have up to three papulae and three secondary plates. Multiple spinelet tufts are evident on the abactinal plates of the larger specimen, but were not evident on smaller specimens.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F46B4B3AFFAAFFA6FAFCE6C7FBCA4DA5" author="Clark, A. M. & Downey, M. E." pageId="16" pageNumber="17" refId="ref35034" refString="Clark, A. M., and Downey, M. E. 1992. Starfishes of the Atlantic. Chapman and Hall (Natural History Museum Publications): London. 794 pp, 75 figs, 113 pls." type="book" year="1992">Clark and Downey (1992)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
discussed differences between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFAAFFA6FAD5E6B9FA784DA2" authorityName="Lutken" authorityYear="1860" box="[1360,1457,1486,1508]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Asteriscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="folium">
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFAAFFA6FAD5E6B9FA784DA2" box="[1360,1457,1486,1508]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">A. folium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFAAFFA6FCE7E69CFC3A4E47" baseAuthorityName="Doderlein" baseAuthorityYear="1910" box="[866,1011,1515,1537]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Asterinides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="hartmeyeri">
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFAAFFA6FCE7E69CFC3A4E47" box="[866,1011,1515,1537]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">A. hartmeyeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
recognising separate but similar species.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFAAFFA6FCB4E57FFC364E58" authorityName="Doderlein in Doderlein & Hartmeyer" authorityYear="1910" box="[817,1023,1544,1566]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Asterina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="hartmeyeri">
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFAAFFA6FCB4E57FFC364E58" box="[817,1023,1544,1566]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Asterina hartmeyeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
also belongs to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFAAFFA6FB37E57FFAED4E58" authorityName="Verrill" authorityYear="1913" box="[1202,1316,1544,1566]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Asterinides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFAAFFA6FB37E57FFAED4E58" box="[1202,1316,1544,1566]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Asterinides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFAAFFA6FAB1E57FFBD94E7D" authority="(Perrier, 1881)" baseAuthorityName="Perrier" baseAuthorityYear="1881" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Asterinopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="pilosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFAAFFA6FAB1E57FFCA64E7A" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Asterinopsis pilosa</emphasis>
|
||
(Perrier, 1881)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is assigned here to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFAAFFA6FB6CE551FA924E7A" authorityName="Verrill" authorityYear="1913" box="[1257,1371,1574,1596]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Asterinides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFAAFFA6FB6CE551FA924E7A" box="[1257,1371,1574,1596]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Asterinides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
since it shares the generic diagnostic morphological characters.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |