424 lines
49 KiB
XML
424 lines
49 KiB
XML
<document id="9DC28CC97891506F28BBD8774D50A23D" ID-DOI="10.24199/j.mmv.2004.61.1" ID-ISSN="1447-2554" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10665495" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="juliana" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="juliana" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="juliana" IM.metadata_approvedBy="juliana" IM.tables_approvedBy="juliana" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="juliana" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="juliana" checkinTime="1708004431046" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="O’Loughlin, P. Mark & Waters, Jonathan M." docDate="2004" docId="185387DDFFA2FFACFCB4E552FEDC4CBE" docLanguage="en" docName="MemMusVictoria.61.1.1-40.pdf" docOrigin="Memoirs of Museum Victoria 61 (1)" docSource="https://museumsvictoria.com.au/collections-research/journals/memoirs-of-museum-victoria/volume-61-issue-1-2004/pages-1-40/" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5B3B5C052A93BFEEE334AD6097A94E45.2:MemMusVictoria.2003-.journal_article.type1" docStyleId="5B3B5C052A93BFEEE334AD6097A94E45" docStyleName="MemMusVictoria.2003-.journal_article.type1" docStyleVersion="2" docTitle="Paranepanthia Fisher 1917" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="27" masterDocId="E46AFFA5FFBAFFB6FF85E377FFC94846" masterDocTitle="A molecular and morphological revision of genera of Asterinidae (Echinodermata: Asteroidea)" masterLastPageNumber="40" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="25" updateTime="1711393779558" updateUser="juliana" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="6F67F99610E2EE00A284C0D24C25F4DA">A molecular and morphological revision of genera of Asterinidae (Echinodermata: Asteroidea)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="14F563BC02067D97958E1BC354D4548D" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="E10B27D30AE9E420879AFD1E4D6769CC">O’Loughlin, P. Mark</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="34FF11E73BA9660D1D7921729599DC97">Honorary Associate, Marine Biology Section, Museum Victoria, GPO Box 666 E, Melbourne, Vic. 3001, Australia</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="3B3FD5EB579BCB74D04F205D422D9816" type="email">pmo@bigpond.net.au</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="8D7969EFB68757C4390429AF7EEABA9D">Waters, Jonathan M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="21CD391C59FAFB4F1BA56391A8E6B887">Department of Zoology, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="25D2680891DD57F99CC89CF42F9F09B3" type="email">jonathan.waters@stonebow.otago.ac.nz</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="FBFEC42F28D83DD7621C4EC40C477624">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="3598670D4E404E74CA760CBE4E714FBA">Memoirs of Museum Victoria</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="DDE96A7C59FC182725AD4FEE97175FCF">
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<mods:date id="00E2039F8556ADD4FAD3C6BAC5C95FB2">2004</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="E4B13E2541071D67E1BAD4C1BD86B0B0">2004-12-31</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="518C4D82AD29D319968E891D33C0CF8D">61</mods:number>
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<treatment id="185387DDFFA2FFACFCB4E552FEDC4CBE" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:185387DDFFA2FFACFCB4E552FEDC4CBE" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/185387DDFFA2FFACFCB4E552FEDC4CBE" lastPageId="26" lastPageNumber="27" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
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<subSubSection id="D8E06540FFA2FFAEFCB4E552FBDB4E7D" box="[817,1042,1573,1595]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="904536CBFFA2FFAEFCB4E552FBDB4E7D" blockId="24.[817,1042,1573,1595]" box="[817,1042,1573,1595]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
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<heading id="CB0D81A7FFA2FFAEFCB4E552FBDB4E7D" box="[817,1042,1573,1595]" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" reason="5">
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<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFA2FFAEFCB4E552FBDB4E7D" ID-CoL="7PPWF" authority="Fisher" authorityName="Fisher" authorityYear="1917" box="[817,1042,1573,1595]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Paranepanthia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFA2FFAEFCB4E552FC054E7D" bold="true" box="[817,972,1573,1595]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Paranepanthia</emphasis>
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Fisher
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="D8E06540FFA2FFAEFCB4E525FB4A4E2E" box="[817,1155,1618,1640]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="description">
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<paragraph id="904536CBFFA2FFAEFCB4E525FB4A4E2E" blockId="24.[817,1155,1618,1640]" box="[817,1155,1618,1640]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
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<figureCitation id="08C12A4EFFA2FFAEFCB4E525FC584E2E" box="[817,913,1618,1640]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="2.[139,198,1838,1858]" captionTargetBox="[137,1460,223,1709]" captionTargetId="figure-68@2.[136,1460,223,1709]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figure 1. Phylogenetic relationships of asterinid mtDNA sequences (after Waters et al., 2004). Support for particular reconstructions is indicated by bootstrap values (>50%; in bold) and by decay indices (in italics). MtDNA Clades I–VI are identified on the basis of high bootstrap support. Generic assignments made in this paper appear on the right." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10665497" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10665497/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Figures 1</figureCitation>
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(clade I), 2k, 5c, 15a–c
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="D8E06540FFA2FFAEFCDFE50BFB2C4EA6" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="reference_group">
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||
<paragraph id="904536CBFFA2FFAEFCDFE50BFB2C4EA6" blockId="24.[817,1458,1660,1760]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
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||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="B0EA11E5FFA2FFAEFCDFE50BFB2C4EA6" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
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<treatmentCitation id="115B10DAFFA2FFAEFCDFE50BFB544ED6" author="Fisher, W. K." box="[858,1181,1660,1680]" page="172" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" year="1917">
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<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFA2FFAEFCDFE50BFB544ED6" ID-CoL="7PPWF" authority="Fisher, 1917: 172" authorityName="Fisher" authorityPageNumber="172" authorityYear="1917" box="[858,1181,1660,1680]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Paranepanthia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFA2FFAEFCDFE50BFC294ED6" box="[858,992,1660,1680]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Paranepanthia</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="F46B4B3AFFA2FFAEFC6BE50BFB544ED6" author="Fisher, W. K." box="[1006,1181,1660,1680]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="172 - 173" refId="ref35727" refString="Fisher, W. K. 1917. A new genus and subgenus of East-Indian seastars. Annals and Magazine of Natural History 20 (8) 116: 172 - 173." type="journal article" year="1917">Fisher, 1917: 172</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
.—
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||
<treatmentCitation id="115B10DAFFA2FFAEFB3CE50BFAA74ED6" author="Fisher, W. K." box="[1209,1390,1660,1680]" page="419" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" year="1919">
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||
<bibRefCitation id="F46B4B3AFFA2FFAEFB3CE50BFAA74ED6" author="Fisher, W. K." box="[1209,1390,1660,1680]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="1 - 712" refId="ref35760" refString="Fisher, W. K. 1919. Starfishes of the Philippine seas and adjacent waters. Bulletin of the United States National Museum 100 (3): i - xi, 1 - 712, 156 pls." type="book chapter" year="1919">Fisher, 1919: 419</bibRefCitation>
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
.—H.L.
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||
<treatmentCitation id="115B10DAFFA2FFAEFCB4E5E0FC1A4EED" author="Clark, H. L." box="[817,979,1687,1707]" page="136" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" year="1946">
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||
<bibRefCitation id="F46B4B3AFFA2FFAEFCB4E5E0FC1A4EED" author="Clark, H. L." box="[817,979,1687,1707]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" refId="ref35329" refString="Clark, H. L. 1946. The echinoderm fauna of Australia. Its composition and its origin. Carnegie Institution of Washington Publication 566: iv + 567 pp." type="book" year="1946">Clark, 1946: 136</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
.—
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||
<bibRefCitation id="F46B4B3AFFA2FFAEFC68E5E0FB274EED" author="Spencer, W. K. & Wright, C. W." box="[1005,1262,1687,1707]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" refId="ref37118" refString="Spencer, W. K., and Wright, C. W. 1966. Asterozoans. Pp. U 4 - U 107, 89 figs in: R. C. Moore (ed.), Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology. The Geological Society of America and The University of Kansas Press." type="book" year="1966">Spencer and Wright, 1966</bibRefCitation>
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||
: U69.—A.M.
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||
<treatmentCitation id="115B10DAFFA2FFAEFAFCE5E0FC594E83" author="Clark, A. M." page="222" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" year="1993">
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||
<bibRefCitation id="F46B4B3AFFA2FFAEFAFCE5E0FC594E83" author="Clark, A. M." pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="187 - 366" refId="ref34965" refString="Clark, A. M. 1993. An index of names of recent Asteroidea - Part 2: Valvatida. Echinoderm Studies 4: 187 - 366. Balkema: Rotterdam." type="journal article" year="1993">Clark, 1993: 222</bibRefCitation>
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
.—
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||
<treatmentCitation id="115B10DAFFA2FFAEFC2EE5C6FB894E83" author="Rowe, F. W. E. & Gates, J." box="[939,1088,1713,1733]" page="39" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" year="1995">
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||
<bibRefCitation id="F46B4B3AFFA2FFAEFC2EE5C6FB894E83" author="Rowe, F. W. E. & Gates, J." box="[939,1088,1713,1733]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="1995" refId="ref36896" refString="Rowe, F. W. E., and Gates, J. 1995. Echinodermata. Pp. xiii + 510 in: Wells, A. (ed.), Zoological Catalogue of Australia 33. CSIRO: Melbourne. [as " Rowe (1995) " throughout paper]" type="book chapter" year="1995">Rowe, 1995: 39</bibRefCitation>
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
.—McKnight (in Clark and McKnight), 2001: 160.—
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||
<treatmentCitation id="115B10DAFFA2FFAEFC23E5BBFB4D4EA6" author="Waters, J. M. & O'Loughlin, P. M. & Roy, M. S." box="[934,1156,1740,1760]" page="874" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" year="2004">
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||
<bibRefCitation id="F46B4B3AFFA2FFAEFC23E5BBFB4D4EA6" author="Waters, J. M. & O'Loughlin, P. M. & Roy, M. S." box="[934,1156,1740,1760]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="872 - 878" refId="ref37522" refString="Waters, J. M., O'Loughlin, P. M., and Roy, M. S. 2004. Molecular systematics of some Indo-Pacific asterinids (Echinodermata, Asteroidea): does taxonomy reflect phylogeny? Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 30: 872 - 878." type="journal article" year="2004">Waters et al., 2004: 874</bibRefCitation>
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
, 875, 877.
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||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
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||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="D8E06540FFA2FFAFFCB4E584FED44DBB" lastPageId="25" lastPageNumber="26" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="904536CBFFA2FFAFFCB4E584FED44DBB" blockId="24.[817,1457,1779,1918]" lastBlockId="25.[131,771,1394,1533]" lastPageId="25" lastPageNumber="26" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
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<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFA2FFAEFCB4E584FC5E4F4F" box="[817,919,1779,1801]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Diagnosis</emphasis>
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. Rays 5, medium length, wide basally, pointed or rounded distally; flat actinally, rays elevated to low; abactinal and actinal interradial plates with subpaxilliform dense clusters of acicular subsacciform spinelets; abactinal plates mostly irregular on upper rays, mostly series perpendicular to margin in interradii; marginal plates subequal, in regular series, with dense tufts of spinelets, inferomarginals project prominently; actinal interradial plates in oblique series; superambulacral plates absent; superactinal plates present as multiple struts.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<caption id="C4856643FFA3FFAFFF06E1A4FBD24B44" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10665523" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10665523" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10665523/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" startId="25.[131,190,723,743]" targetBox="[131,1451,223,705]" targetPageId="25" targetType="figure">
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<paragraph id="904536CBFFA3FFAFFF06E1A4FBD24B44" blockId="25.[131,1449,723,770]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
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Figure 11. a,
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<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFA3FFAFFF78E1A4FE0D4AA1" authorityName="Dartnall and Byrne" authorityYear="2003" box="[253,452,723,743]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Cryptasterina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="hystera">
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<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFA3FFAFFF78E1A4FE0D4AA1" box="[253,452,723,743]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Cryptasterina hystera</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(R = 11 mm, NMV F98457): abactinal surface with small papulae and granuliform spinelets. b,
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<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFA3FFAFFABAE1A4FF764B44" baseAuthorityName="Lamarck" baseAuthorityYear="1816" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Parvulastra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="exigua">
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<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFA3FFAFFABAE1A4FF764B44" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Parvulastra exigua</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(R = 10 mm, NMV F98062): abactinal surface with larger papulae and granuliform spinelets.
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</paragraph>
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||
</caption>
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<caption id="C4856643FFA3FFAFFF06E66EFEC34D0E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10665525" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10665525" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10665525/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" startId="25.[131,190,1305,1325]" targetBox="[131,1451,803,1286]" targetPageId="25" targetType="figure">
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||
<paragraph id="904536CBFFA3FFAFFF06E66EFEC34D0E" blockId="25.[131,1449,1305,1352]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
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||
Figure 12. Abactinal views of
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<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFA3FFAFFE13E66EFD874D6B" box="[406,590,1305,1325]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Disasterina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="undetermined">
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||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFA3FFAFFE13E66EFDC94D6B" box="[406,512,1305,1325]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Disasterina</emphasis>
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||
species.
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||
</taxonomicName>
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a,
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<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFA3FFAFFDEDE66EFCF74D6B" authorityName="Perrier" authorityYear="1875" box="[616,830,1305,1325]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Disasterina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="abnormalis">
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||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFA3FFAFFDEDE66EFCF74D6B" box="[616,830,1305,1325]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Disasterina abnormalis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(R = 11 mm, WAM Z6753). b,
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<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFA3FFAFFBDAE66EFAE64D6B" baseAuthorityName="H. L. Clark" baseAuthorityYear="1938" box="[1119,1327,1305,1325]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Disasterina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="longispina">
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||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFA3FFAFFBDAE66EFAE64D6B" box="[1119,1327,1305,1325]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Disasterina longispina</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(R = 25 mm, WAM Z6760).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<subSubSection id="D8E06540FFA3FFAFFF06E56FFEC14E0D" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="type_taxon">
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||
<paragraph id="904536CBFFA3FFAFFF06E56FFEC14E0D" blockId="25.[131,771,1560,1611]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
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||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFA3FFAFFF06E56FFEDA4E68" box="[131,275,1560,1582]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
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||
<typeStatus id="4F418869FFA3FFAFFF06E56FFF7B4E68" box="[131,178,1560,1582]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Type</typeStatus>
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species.
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||
</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFA3FFAFFEA7E56FFD554E68" authority="Fisher, 1913" authorityName="Fisher" authorityYear="1913" box="[290,668,1560,1582]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Nepanthia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="platydisca">
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||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFA3FFAFFEA7E56FFDCD4E68" box="[290,516,1560,1582]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Nepanthia platydisca</emphasis>
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Fisher, 1913
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</taxonomicName>
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(original designation).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="D8E06540FFA3FFAFFF06E513FE9F4EE8" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="taxon_list">
|
||
<paragraph id="904536CBFFA3FFAFFF06E513FE9F4EE8" blockId="25.[131,772,1636,1710]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFA3FFAFFF06E513FEC54E3E" box="[131,268,1636,1656]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Other species.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFA3FFAFFE93E513FD9E4E3E" authority="(Koehler, 1920)" baseAuthorityName="Koehler" baseAuthorityYear="1920" box="[278,599,1636,1656]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Paranepanthia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="aucklandensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFA3FFAFFE93E513FE7B4E3E" box="[278,434,1636,1656]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">P. aucklandensis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F46B4B3AFFA3FFAFFE41E513FD994E3E" author="Koehler, R." box="[452,592,1636,1656]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" refId="ref36325" refString="Koehler, R. 1920. Echinodermata: Asteroidea. Scientific Reports of the Australasian Antarctic Expedition. C 8 (1): 308 pp., 75 pls." type="book" year="1920">Koehler, 1920</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFA3FFAFFDE0E513FF3E4ED5" authority="(H. L. Clark, 1928)" baseAuthorityName="H. L. Clark" baseAuthorityYear="1928" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Paranepanthia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="grandis">
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFA3FFAFFDE0E513FD0F4E3E" box="[613,710,1636,1656]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">P. grandis</emphasis>
|
||
(H.L.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F46B4B3AFFA3FFAFFF06E508FF394ED5" author="Clark, H. L." box="[131,240,1663,1683]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" pagination="361 - 482" refId="ref35242" refString="Clark, H. L. 1928. The sea-lilies, sea-stars, brittle stars and sea-urchins of the South Australian Museum. Records of the South Australian Museum 3 (4): 361 - 482, figs 108 - 142." type="journal article" year="1928">Clark, 1928</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(junior synonym
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFA3FFAFFE18E508FF7B4EE8" authority="Livingstone, 1933" authorityName="Livingstone" authorityYear="1933" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Asterinopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="praetermissa">
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFA3FFAFFE18E508FD434ED5" box="[413,650,1663,1683]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Asterinopsis praetermissa</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F46B4B3AFFA3FFAFFD14E508FF7B4EE8" author="Livingstone, A. A." pageId="25" pageNumber="26" pagination="1 - 20" refId="ref36464" refString="Livingstone, A. A. 1933. Some genera and species of the Asterinidae. Records of the Australian Museum 19 (1): 1 - 20, pls 1 - 5." type="journal article" year="1933">Livingstone, 1933</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F46B4B3AFFA3FFAFFF5CE5EDFE824EE8" author="Rowe, F. W. E. & Gates, J." box="[217,331,1690,1710]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" pagination="1995" refId="ref36896" refString="Rowe, F. W. E., and Gates, J. 1995. Echinodermata. Pp. xiii + 510 in: Wells, A. (ed.), Zoological Catalogue of Australia 33. CSIRO: Melbourne. [as " Rowe (1995) " throughout paper]" type="book chapter" year="1995">Rowe, 1995</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="D8E06540FFA3FFAFFF06E5B0FE324F3D" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="904536CBFFA3FFAFFF06E5B0FE8A4EB0" blockId="25.[131,772,1735,1915]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFA3FFAFFF06E5B0FE124E9D" box="[131,475,1735,1755]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
Material examined.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFA3FFAFFEB8E5B0FE1E4E9D" baseAuthorityName="Koehler" baseAuthorityYear="1920" box="[317,471,1735,1755]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Paranepanthia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="aucklandensis">P. aucklandensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="20923C96FFA3FFAFFE64E5B0FF154EB0" collectionCode="AM" country="New Zealand" location="Auckland" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" specimenCode="J5160" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Auckland">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E8ED765BFFA3FFAFFE64E5B0FD944E9D" box="[481,605,1735,1755]" name="New Zealand" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="523EF829FFA3FFAFFDE2E5B0FD764E9D" box="[615,703,1735,1755]" country="New Zealand" name="Auckland" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Auckland</collectingRegion>
|
||
I.,
|
||
<collectionCode id="F6EBAE0EFFA3FFAFFD5BE5B0FCCA4E9D" box="[734,771,1735,1755]" country="Australia" name="Australian Museum" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="Museum">AM</collectionCode>
|
||
<specimenCode id="C05C9EB0FFA3FFAFFF06E595FF734EB0" box="[131,186,1762,1782]" collectionCode="AM" country="Australia" name="Australian Museum" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="Museum">J5160</specimenCode>
|
||
(2)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
; J6023 (1).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="904536CBFFA3FFAFFF1BE58AFEA04F6D" blockId="25.[131,772,1735,1915]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFA3FFAFFF1BE58AFE5B4F57" box="[158,402,1789,1809]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFA3FFAFFF1BE58AFE474F57" authorityName="Livingstone" authorityYear="1933" box="[158,398,1789,1809]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Asterinopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="praetermissa">Asterinopsis praetermissa</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="20923C96FFA3FFAFFE1DE58BFEA04F6D" collectionCode="AM" country="Australia" location="Port Jackson" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" specimenCode="J4793" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="New South Wales" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<typeStatus id="4F418869FFA3FFAFFE1DE58BFE264F56" box="[408,495,1788,1808]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E8ED765BFFA3FFAFFE7DE58BFD844F56" box="[504,589,1788,1808]" name="Australia" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="523EF829FFA3FFAFFDDCE58BFCC94F56" box="[601,768,1788,1808]" country="Australia" name="New South Wales" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">New South Wales</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="95256010FFA3FFAFFF06E460FF304F6D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:185387DDFFA2FFACFCB4E552FEDC4CBE:95256010FFA3FFAFFF06E460FF304F6D" box="[131,249,1815,1835]" country="Australia" name="Port Jackson" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" stateProvince="New South Wales">Port Jackson</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="F6EBAE0EFFA3FFAFFE87E460FEEE4F6D" box="[258,295,1815,1835]" country="Australia" name="Australian Museum" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="Museum">AM</collectionCode>
|
||
<specimenCode id="C05C9EB0FFA3FFAFFEA9E460FEAC4F6D" box="[300,357,1815,1835]" collectionCode="AM" country="Australia" name="Australian Museum" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="Museum">J4793</specimenCode>
|
||
.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="904536CBFFA3FFAFFF1BE445FD344F00" blockId="25.[131,772,1735,1915]" box="[158,765,1842,1862]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFA3FFAFFF1BE445FEA94F00" authorityName="Fisher" authorityYear="1913" box="[158,352,1842,1862]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Nepanthia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="platydisca">
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFA3FFAFFF1BE445FEA94F00" box="[158,352,1842,1862]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Nepanthia platydisca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="20923C96FFA3FFAFFEE9E445FD344F00" box="[364,765,1842,1862]" collectionCode="USNM" country="Indonesia" elevation="377" location="Indonesia" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" specimenCode="USNM 32644" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<typeStatus id="4F418869FFA3FFAFFEE9E445FE0A4F00" box="[364,451,1842,1862]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E8ED765BFFA3FFAFFE49E445FDEF4F00" box="[460,550,1842,1862]" name="Indonesia" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="57029B2EFFA3FFAFFDB5E445FDA54F00" box="[560,620,1842,1862]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.77" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" unit="m" value="377.0">
|
||
<elevation id="1BD7D1F8FFA3FFAFFDB5E445FDA54F00" box="[560,620,1842,1862]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.77" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" unit="m" value="377.0">377 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCode id="C05C9EB0FFA3FFAFFDF3E445FD304F00" box="[630,761,1842,1862]" collectionCode="USNM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="Museum">USNM 32644</specimenCode>
|
||
.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="904536CBFFA3FFAFFF1BE43AFE324F3D" blockId="25.[131,772,1735,1915]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFA3FFAFFF1BE43AFF3E4F27" box="[158,247,1869,1889]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Parvulastra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="grandi">
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFA3FFAFFF1BE43AFF3E4F27" box="[158,247,1869,1889]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">P. grandi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="20923C96FFA3FFAFFF72E43BFF224F3D" collectionCode="NMV" collectorName="Bass Strait, F" country="Australia" location="Victoria" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" specimenCode="F72887" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Victoria">
|
||
s.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E8ED765BFFA3FFAFFE97E43BFEAE4F26" box="[274,359,1868,1888]" name="Australia" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="523EF829FFA3FFAFFEF2E43BFE0B4F26" box="[375,450,1868,1888]" country="Australia" name="Victoria" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Victoria</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="F6EBAE0EFFA3FFAFFE56E43BFDC14F26" box="[467,520,1868,1888]" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34978" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34978" name="Museum Victoria" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="Museum">NMV</collectionCode>
|
||
<specimenCode id="C05C9EB0FFA3FFAFFD91E43BFD934F26" box="[532,602,1868,1888]" collectionCode="NMV" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34978" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34978" name="Museum Victoria" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="Museum">F72887</specimenCode>
|
||
(1);
|
||
<collectorName id="3D0F531DFFA3FFAFFD11E43BFF464F3D" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Bass Strait, F</collectorName>
|
||
98044 (1)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectingRegion id="523EF829FFA3FFAFFF73E410FE4D4F3D" box="[246,388,1895,1915]" country="Australia" name="South Australia" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">South Australia</collectingRegion>
|
||
, F73976 (4).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="D8E06540FFA3FFACFCACE604FF1F4B06" lastPageId="26" lastPageNumber="27" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="904536CBFFA3FFAFFCACE604FA584E10" blockId="25.[809,1449,1394,1915]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFA3FFAFFCACE604FB504DCF" box="[809,1177,1395,1417]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Description with species variations.</emphasis>
|
||
Rays 5, interradial margin deeply incurved, rays distinct, ends of rays rounded (
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFA3FFAFFAD4E6E7FC0E4D85" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFA3FFAFFAD4E6E7FCA24D85" baseAuthorityName="Koehler" baseAuthorityYear="1920" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Paranepanthia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="aucklandensis">aucklandensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFA3FFAFFCFFE6DAFC0E4D85" baseAuthorityName="H. L. Clark" baseAuthorityYear="1928" box="[890,967,1453,1475]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Paranepanthia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="grandis">grandis</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
) or pointed (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFA3FFAFFBD8E6DAFB0C4D85" authorityName="Fisher" authorityYear="1913" box="[1117,1221,1453,1475]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Nepanthia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="platydisca">
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFA3FFAFFBD8E6DAFB0C4D85" box="[1117,1221,1453,1475]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">platydisca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); body flat actinally, rays elevated or low (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFA3FFAFFB94E6BCFBB04DA7" authorityName="Fisher" authorityYear="1913" box="[1041,1145,1483,1505]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Nepanthia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="platydisca">
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFA3FFAFFB94E6BCFBB04DA7" box="[1041,1145,1483,1505]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">platydisca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); distal interradial body thin (actinal to abactinal) or not (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFA3FFAFFBCBE69FFB144DB8" baseAuthorityName="Koehler" baseAuthorityYear="1920" box="[1102,1245,1512,1534]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Paranepanthia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="aucklandensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFA3FFAFFBCBE69FFB144DB8" box="[1102,1245,1512,1534]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">aucklandensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), area of non-papulate plates wide or not (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFA3FFAFFBA4E572FB794E5D" baseAuthorityName="Koehler" baseAuthorityYear="1920" box="[1057,1200,1541,1563]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Paranepanthia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="aucklandensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFA3FFAFFBA4E572FB794E5D" box="[1057,1200,1541,1563]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">aucklandensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); size medium (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFA3FFAFFAD9E572FA604E5D" baseAuthorityName="H. L. Clark" baseAuthorityYear="1928" box="[1372,1449,1541,1563]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Paranepanthia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="grandis">
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFA3FFAFFAD9E572FA604E5D" box="[1372,1449,1541,1563]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">grandis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
up to R =
|
||
<quantity id="57029B2EFFA3FFAFFC11E555FC174E7E" box="[916,990,1570,1592]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" unit="mm" value="65.0">65 mm</quantity>
|
||
) to small (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFA3FFAFFBCAE554FB174E7F" baseAuthorityName="Koehler" baseAuthorityYear="1920" box="[1103,1246,1571,1593]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Paranepanthia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="aucklandensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFA3FFAFFBCAE554FB174E7F" box="[1103,1246,1571,1593]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">aucklandensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
up to R =
|
||
<quantity id="57029B2EFFA3FFAFFAD4E555FA574E7E" box="[1361,1438,1570,1592]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" unit="mm" value="22.0">22 mm</quantity>
|
||
); lacking pedicellariae; none fissiparous; gonopores abactinal.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="904536CBFFA3FFACFCCCE52AFE874985" blockId="25.[809,1449,1394,1915]" lastBlockId="26.[139,780,224,832]" lastPageId="26" lastPageNumber="27" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
Abactinal plates imbricate, distinct radial and interradial ‘fields’, plates on upper rays irregular in size, shape, arrangement (except
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFA3FFAFFC32E5EFFB8F4EE8" baseAuthorityName="Koehler" baseAuthorityYear="1920" box="[951,1094,1688,1710]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Paranepanthia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="aucklandensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFA3FFAFFC32E5EFFB8F4EE8" box="[951,1094,1688,1710]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">aucklandensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with regular proximal carinal and upper ray series, and crescentiform plates), up to 3 fairly irregular longitudinal series along each side of rays; papular spaces large, with numbers of small papulae, variable numbers of secondary plates; interradial series of small plates perpendicular to margin (except longitudinal series in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFA3FFAFFB2AE45CFAF74F07" baseAuthorityName="Koehler" baseAuthorityYear="1920" box="[1199,1342,1835,1857]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Paranepanthia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="aucklandensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFA3FFAFFB2AE45CFAF74F07" box="[1199,1342,1835,1857]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">aucklandensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); disc not bordered or variably bordered (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFA3FFAFFBE2E43FFB3F4F18" baseAuthorityName="Koehler" baseAuthorityYear="1920" box="[1127,1270,1864,1886]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Paranepanthia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="aucklandensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFA3FFAFFBE2E43FFB3F4F18" box="[1127,1270,1864,1886]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">aucklandensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); abactinal plates with high (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFA3FFAFFC12E412FC2D4F3D" baseAuthorityName="H. L. Clark" baseAuthorityYear="1928" box="[919,996,1893,1915]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Paranepanthia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="grandis">
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFA3FFAFFC12E412FC2D4F3D" box="[919,996,1893,1915]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">grandis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) or low (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFA3FFAFFBC5E412FB064F3D" baseAuthorityName="Koehler" baseAuthorityYear="1920" box="[1088,1231,1893,1915]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Paranepanthia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="aucklandensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFA3FFAFFBC5E412FB064F3D" box="[1088,1231,1893,1915]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">aucklandensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFA3FFAFFB5EE412FA8A4F3D" authorityName="Fisher" authorityYear="1913" box="[1243,1347,1893,1915]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Nepanthia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="platydisca">
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFA3FFAFFB5EE412FA8A4F3D" box="[1243,1347,1893,1915]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">platydisca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) spinelet-bearing domes or ridges; glassy convexities on plates present (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFA0FFACFF11E38AFEEA4955" baseAuthorityName="Koehler" baseAuthorityYear="1920" box="[148,291,253,275]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Paranepanthia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="aucklandensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFA0FFACFF11E38AFEEA4955" box="[148,291,253,275]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">aucklandensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) or not (
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFA0FFACFE14E38AFD904955" box="[401,601,253,275]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFA0FFACFE14E38AFE284955" baseAuthorityName="H. L. Clark" baseAuthorityYear="1928" box="[401,481,253,275]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Paranepanthia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="grandis">grandis</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFA0FFACFE74E38AFD904955" authorityName="Fisher" authorityYear="1913" box="[497,601,253,275]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Nepanthia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="platydisca">platydisca</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
); subpaxilliform tufts of many acicular subsacciform spinelets; superomarginal and inferomarginal plates in distinct series, subequal; both series with spinelet-bearing domes and subpaxilliform dense tufts of acicular spinelets; inferomarginals define acute margin, projecting plates with narrowed waist (
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFA0FFACFD9FE2E7FD3049E0" box="[538,761,400,422]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFA0FFACFD9FE2E7FD6549E0" baseAuthorityName="Koehler" baseAuthorityYear="1920" box="[538,684,400,422]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Paranepanthia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="aucklandensis">aucklandensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFA0FFACFD33E2E7FD3049E0" box="[694,761,400,422]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Parvulastra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="grandi">grandi</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
s) or not (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFA0FFACFF52E2DAFEF64985" authorityName="Fisher" authorityYear="1913" box="[215,319,429,451]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Nepanthia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="platydisca">
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFA0FFACFF52E2DAFEF64985" box="[215,319,429,451]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">platydisca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="904536CBFFA0FFACFF2EE2BDFD0449B8" blockId="26.[139,780,224,832]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
Actinal plates in oblique series; plates with high (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFA0FFACFD3DE2BCFCCC49A7" baseAuthorityName="H. L. Clark" baseAuthorityYear="1928" box="[696,773,459,481]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Paranepanthia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="grandis">
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFA0FFACFD3DE2BCFCCC49A7" box="[696,773,459,481]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">grandis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFA0FFACFF0EE29FFF3A49B8" authorityName="Fisher" authorityYear="1913" box="[139,243,488,510]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Nepanthia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="platydisca">
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFA0FFACFF0EE29FFF3A49B8" box="[139,243,488,510]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">platydisca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) or low (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFA0FFACFED1E29FFE2A49B8" baseAuthorityName="Koehler" baseAuthorityYear="1920" box="[340,483,488,510]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Paranepanthia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="aucklandensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFA0FFACFED1E29FFE2A49B8" box="[340,483,488,510]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">aucklandensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) spine-bearing domes.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="904536CBFFA0FFACFF2EE172FF0D4AD6" blockId="26.[139,780,224,832]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Actinal spines per plate: oral 8–12; suboral tufts or transverse series; furrow 7–10, webbed; subambulacral dense tufts; adradial and actinal interradial dense subpaxilliform tufts (up to about 40 spines); actinal interradial spines acicular subsacciform.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="904536CBFFA0FFACFF2EE1EFFF1F4B06" blockId="26.[139,780,224,832]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
Lacking superambulacral plates; numerous superactinal plates in multiple plate struts; distal interradial margin supported by angled contiguous abactinal and actinal plates (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFA0FFACFF11E187FF284B40" baseAuthorityName="H. L. Clark" baseAuthorityYear="1928" box="[148,225,752,774]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Paranepanthia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="grandis">
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFA0FFACFF11E187FF284B40" box="[148,225,752,774]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">grandis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFA0FFACFF68E187FE9C4B40" authorityName="Fisher" authorityYear="1913" box="[237,341,752,774]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Nepanthia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="platydisca">
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFA0FFACFF68E187FE9C4B40" box="[237,341,752,774]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">platydisca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), lacking internal projections (except
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFA0FFACFD51E187FF224B65" baseAuthorityName="Koehler" baseAuthorityYear="1920" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Paranepanthia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="aucklandensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFA0FFACFD51E187FF224B65" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">aucklandensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with internal tongue-like projections from abactinal plates).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="D8E06540FFA0FFACFF0EE020FE854BCC" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="904536CBFFA0FFACFF0EE020FE854BCC" blockId="26.[139,779,854,906]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFA0FFACFF0EE020FECF4B2B" box="[139,262,855,877]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Distribution</emphasis>
|
||
. E and S
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E8ED765BFFA0FFACFEF2E021FE1F4B2A" box="[375,470,854,876]" name="Australia" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E8ED765BFFA0FFACFE61E021FD804B2A" box="[484,585,854,876]" name="Indonesia" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, subantarctic
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E8ED765BFFA0FFACFD5EE021FF294BCC" name="New Zealand" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
|
||
;
|
||
<quantity id="57029B2EFFA0FFACFF6EE003FE814BCC" box="[235,328,884,906]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.885" metricValueMax="3.77" metricValueMin="0.0" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" unit="m" value="188.5" valueMax="377.0" valueMin="0.0">
|
||
0–
|
||
<specimenCount id="86FCFD42FFA0FFACFE80E003FE814BCC" box="[261,328,884,906]" count="377" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="generic">377 m</specimenCount>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="D8E06540FFA0FFACFF0EE0D7FEDC4CBE" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="904536CBFFA0FFACFF0EE0D7FEDC4CBE" blockId="26.[139,780,928,1273]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFA0FFACFF0EE0D7FF2D4BF0" box="[139,228,928,950]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
. Three species cluster together in clade I of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F46B4B3AFFA0FFACFD29E0D7FF3A4B95" author="Waters, J. M. & O'Loughlin, P. M. & Roy, M. S." pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="872 - 878" refId="ref37522" refString="Waters, J. M., O'Loughlin, P. M., and Roy, M. S. 2004. Molecular systematics of some Indo-Pacific asterinids (Echinodermata, Asteroidea): does taxonomy reflect phylogeny? Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 30: 872 - 878." type="journal article" year="2004">Waters et al. (2004)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. One of these is a species that has been assigned to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFA0FFACFF0EE0ACFEE84BB7" authorityName="Fisher" authorityYear="1917" box="[139,289,987,1009]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Paranepanthia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFA0FFACFF0EE0ACFEE84BB7" box="[139,289,987,1009]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Paranepanthia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the past and one is undescribed. The molecular evidence that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFA0FFACFECFE08FFDFE4C48" authorityName="Koehler" authorityYear="1920" box="[330,567,1016,1038]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Asterina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="aucklandensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFA0FFACFECFE08FFDFE4C48" box="[330,567,1016,1038]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Asterina aucklandensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is also a member of this clade is supported by morphological criteria. All three species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFA0FFACFE8BE744FE604C0F" authorityName="Fisher" authorityYear="1917" box="[270,425,1075,1097]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Paranepanthia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFA0FFACFE8BE744FE604C0F" box="[270,425,1075,1097]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Paranepanthia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were examined and the morphological integrity of the genus confirmed.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFA0FFACFDD9E727FD3B4C20" authorityName="Fisher" authorityYear="1917" box="[604,754,1104,1126]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Paranepanthia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFA0FFACFDD9E727FD3B4C20" box="[604,754,1104,1126]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Paranepanthia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is characterised by the unique combination of subpaxilliform dense clusters of acicular spines and spinelets on the plates, absence of superambulacral plates, and presence of superactinal plates.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFA0FFACFEB5E7B2FDC44C9D" authorityName="H. L. Clark" authorityYear="1938" box="[304,525,1221,1243]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Paranepanthia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="rosea">
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFA0FFACFEB5E7B2FDC44C9D" box="[304,525,1221,1243]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Paranepanthia rosea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has been removed to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFA0FFACFF0EE794FEC64CBF" box="[139,271,1251,1273]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Aquilonastra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFA0FFACFF0EE794FEC64CBF" box="[139,271,1251,1273]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Aquilonastra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |