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<document id="5455BEBFAA2B110865932DB511E8F803" ID-DOI="10.24199/j.mmv.2004.61.1" ID-ISSN="1447-2554" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10665495" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="juliana" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="juliana" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="juliana" IM.metadata_approvedBy="juliana" IM.tables_approvedBy="juliana" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="juliana" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="juliana" checkinTime="1708004431046" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="OLoughlin, P. Mark &amp; Waters, Jonathan M." docDate="2004" docId="185387DDFFA1FFAAFF06E76EFE3F4DB3" docLanguage="en" docName="MemMusVictoria.61.1.1-40.pdf" docOrigin="Memoirs of Museum Victoria 61 (1)" docSource="https://museumsvictoria.com.au/collections-research/journals/memoirs-of-museum-victoria/volume-61-issue-1-2004/pages-1-40/" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5B3B5C052A93BFEEE334AD6097A94E45.2:MemMusVictoria.2003-.journal_article.type1" docStyleId="5B3B5C052A93BFEEE334AD6097A94E45" docStyleName="MemMusVictoria.2003-.journal_article.type1" docStyleVersion="2" docTitle="Patiria , Gray 1840" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="29" masterDocId="E46AFFA5FFBAFFB6FF85E377FFC94846" masterDocTitle="A molecular and morphological revision of genera of Asterinidae (Echinodermata: Asteroidea)" masterLastPageNumber="40" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="28" updateTime="1711393779558" updateUser="juliana" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="4BBEDA5E39AF7DD9846DB62F3FDEB1D2">A molecular and morphological revision of genera of Asterinidae (Echinodermata: Asteroidea)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="D49B073FC8DD92D5E4435B7EC0F7A1D6">Waters, Jonathan M.</mods:namePart>
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<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFA1FFADFF06E76EFECD4C69" ID-CoL="7PQHR" authority="Gray" authorityName=", Gray" authorityYear="1840" box="[131,260,1049,1071]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Patiria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFA1FFADFF06E76EFF034C69" bold="true" box="[131,202,1049,1071]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Patiria</emphasis>
Gray
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<figureCitation id="08C12A4EFFA1FFADFF06E730FF2A4C1B" box="[131,227,1095,1117]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="2.[139,198,1838,1858]" captionTargetBox="[137,1460,223,1709]" captionTargetId="figure-68@2.[136,1460,223,1709]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figure 1. Phylogenetic relationships of asterinid mtDNA sequences (after Waters et al., 2004). Support for particular reconstructions is indicated by bootstrap values (&gt;50%; in bold) and by decay indices (in italics). MtDNA Clades IVI are identified on the basis of high bootstrap support. Generic assignments made in this paper appear on the right." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10665497" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10665497/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Figures 1</figureCitation>
(clade II), 3a, 4d, 15df
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<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFA1FFADFF1BE706FEB04CC3" ID-CoL="7PQHR" authority="Gray, 1840: 290" authorityName=", Gray" authorityPageNumber="290" authorityYear="1840" box="[158,377,1137,1157]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Patiria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFA1FFADFF1BE706FF154CC3" box="[158,220,1137,1157]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Patiria</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="F46B4B3AFFA1FFADFF66E706FEB04CC3" author="Gray, J. E." box="[227,377,1137,1157]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="175 - 184" refId="ref35871" refString="Gray, J. E. 1840. A synopsis of the genera and species of the class Hypostoma (Asterias Linnaeus). Annals and Magazine of Natural History (1) 6: 175 - 184; 275 - 290." type="journal article" year="1840">Gray, 1840: 290</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
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.—
<treatmentCitation id="115B10DAFFA1FFADFE11E706FD884CC3" author="Gray, J. E." box="[404,577,1137,1157]" page="82" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" year="1847">
<bibRefCitation id="F46B4B3AFFA1FFADFE11E706FD884CC3" author="Gray, J. E." box="[404,577,1137,1157]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="72 - 83" refId="ref35914" refString="Gray, J. E. 1847. Description of some new genera and species of Asteriadae. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1847 (15): 72 - 83." type="journal article" year="1847">Gray, 1847: 8283</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.—
<treatmentCitation id="115B10DAFFA1FFADFDD9E706FD2F4CC3" author="Gray, J. E." box="[604,742,1137,1157]" page="16" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" year="1866">
<bibRefCitation id="F46B4B3AFFA1FFADFDD9E706FD2F4CC3" author="Gray, J. E." box="[604,742,1137,1157]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" refId="ref35948" refString="Gray, J. E. 1866. Synopsis of the species of starfish in the British Museum. John van Voorst: London. iv + 17 pp., 16 pls." type="book" year="1866">Gray, 1866: 16</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.—
<treatmentCitation id="115B10DAFFA1FFADFF06E7FCFE8C4CD9" author="Sladen, W. P." box="[131,325,1163,1183]" page="384" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" year="1889">
<bibRefCitation id="F46B4B3AFFA1FFADFF06E7FCFE8C4CD9" author="Sladen, W. P." box="[131,325,1163,1183]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="1 - 935" refId="ref37043" refString="Sladen, W. P. 1889. Asteroidea. Report on the scientific results of the voyage of the H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 76. Zoology 30: 1 - 935, 118 pls." type="book chapter" year="1889">Sladen, 1889: 384</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.—
<treatmentCitation id="115B10DAFFA1FFADFEE4E7FCFDEA4CD9" author="Verrill, A. E." box="[353,547,1163,1183]" page="480" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" year="1913">
<bibRefCitation id="F46B4B3AFFA1FFADFEE4E7FCFDEA4CD9" author="Verrill, A. E." box="[353,547,1163,1183]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="477 - 485" refId="ref37400" refString="Verrill, A. E. 1913. Revision of the genera of starfishes of the subfamily Asterininae. American Journal of Science (4) 35 (209): 477 - 485." type="journal article" year="1913">Verrill, 1913: 480</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, 482.—
<treatmentCitation id="115B10DAFFA1FFADFDFDE7FCFF1A4CFC" author="Verrill, A. E." page="263" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" year="1914">
<bibRefCitation id="F46B4B3AFFA1FFADFDFDE7FCFF1A4CFC" author="Verrill, A. E." pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="1 - 408" refId="ref37435" refString="Verrill, A. E. 1914. Monograph of the shallow-water starfishes of the North Pacific coast from the Arctic Ocean to California. Harriman Alaska Series, Smithsonian Institution 14: 1 - 408, 110 pls." type="book chapter" year="1914">Verrill, 1914: 263264</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.—
<treatmentCitation id="115B10DAFFA1FFADFF6BE7D1FE574CFC" author="Fisher, W. K." box="[238,414,1190,1210]" page="410" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" year="1919">
<bibRefCitation id="F46B4B3AFFA1FFADFF6BE7D1FE574CFC" author="Fisher, W. K." box="[238,414,1190,1210]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="1 - 712" refId="ref35760" refString="Fisher, W. K. 1919. Starfishes of the Philippine seas and adjacent waters. Bulletin of the United States National Museum 100 (3): i - xi, 1 - 712, 156 pls." type="book chapter" year="1919">Fisher, 1919: 410</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.—
<treatmentCitation id="115B10DAFFA1FFADFE3CE7D1FDA14CFC" author="Fisher, W. K." box="[441,616,1190,1210]" page="269" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" year="1940">
<bibRefCitation id="F46B4B3AFFA1FFADFE3CE7D1FDA14CFC" author="Fisher, W. K." box="[441,616,1190,1210]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="69 - 306" refId="ref35800" refString="Fisher, W. K. 1940. Asteroidea. Discovery Reports 20: 69 - 306, 23 pls." type="book chapter" year="1940">Fisher, 1940: 269</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.—
<treatmentCitation id="115B10DAFFA1FFADFD06E7D1FF1E4C93" author="Fisher, W. K." page="451" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" year="1941">
<bibRefCitation id="F46B4B3AFFA1FFADFD06E7D1FF1E4C93" author="Fisher, W. K." pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="447 - 456" refId="ref35821" refString="Fisher, W. K. 1941. A new genus of sea-stars (Plazaster) from Japan, with a note on the genus Parasterina. Proceedings of the United States National Museum 90: 447 - 456, figs 20 - 22, pls 66 - 70." type="journal article" year="1941">Fisher, 1941: 451455</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, pl. 70 fig. 1.—
<bibRefCitation id="F46B4B3AFFA1FFADFE0AE7B6FD634C93" author="Spencer, W. K. &amp; Wright, C. W." box="[399,682,1217,1237]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" refId="ref37118" refString="Spencer, W. K., and Wright, C. W. 1966. Asterozoans. Pp. U 4 - U 107, 89 figs in: R. C. Moore (ed.), Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology. The Geological Society of America and The University of Kansas Press." type="book" year="1966">Spencer and Wright, 1966</bibRefCitation>
: U69.—
<treatmentCitation id="115B10DAFFA1FFADFF06E7ACFE974CA9" author="Bernasconi, I." box="[131,350,1243,1263]" page="336" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" year="1973">
<bibRefCitation id="F46B4B3AFFA1FFADFF06E7ACFE974CA9" author="Bernasconi, I." box="[131,350,1243,1263]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="335 - 346" refId="ref34732" refString="Bernasconi, I. 1973. Asteroideos Argentinos. VI. Familia Asteridinae. Revista del museo Argentino de ciencias naturales Bernardino Rivadavia e instituto nacional de investigacion de las ciencias naturales 3 (4): 335 - 346, 2 pls." type="book chapter" year="1973">Bernasconi, 1973: 336</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.—
<treatmentCitation id="115B10DAFFA1FFADFEFCE7ACFD2E4CA9" author="Clark, A. M. &amp; Courtman-Stock, J." box="[377,743,1243,1263]" page="78" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" year="1976">
<bibRefCitation id="F46B4B3AFFA1FFADFEFCE7ACFD2E4CA9" author="Clark, A. M. &amp; Courtman-Stock, J." box="[377,743,1243,1263]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" refId="ref34998" refString="Clark, A. M., and Courtman-Stock, J. 1976. The echinoderms of southern Africa. British Museum (Natural History) Publication No. 776. London. 277 pp." type="book" year="1976">Clark and Courtman-Stock, 1976: 78</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.—
<treatmentCitation id="115B10DAFFA1FFADFF06E781FE6E4D4C" author="Campbell, A. C. &amp; Rowe, F. W. E." box="[131,423,1270,1290]" page="131" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" year="1997">
<bibRefCitation id="F46B4B3AFFA1FFADFF06E781FE6E4D4C" author="Campbell, A. C. &amp; Rowe, F. W. E." box="[131,423,1270,1290]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="129 - 136" refId="ref34776" refString="Campbell, A. C., and Rowe, F. W. E. 1997. A new species in the asterinid genus Patiriella (Echinodermata, Asteroidea) from Dhofar, southern Oman: a temperate taxon in a tropical locality. Bulletin of the British Museum, (Natural History) (Zoology) 63 (2): 129 - 136." type="journal article" year="1997">Campbell and Rowe, 1997: 131</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, 135.—
<treatmentCitation id="115B10DAFFA1FFADFE69E781FD024D4C" author="Dartnall, A. J. &amp; Byrne, M. &amp; Collins, J. &amp; Hart, M. W." box="[492,715,1270,1290]" page="12" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" year="2003">
<bibRefCitation id="F46B4B3AFFA1FFADFE69E781FD024D4C" author="Dartnall, A. J. &amp; Byrne, M. &amp; Collins, J. &amp; Hart, M. W." box="[492,715,1270,1290]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="1 - 14" refId="ref35476" refString="Dartnall, A. J., Byrne, M., Collins, J., and Hart, M. W. 2003. A new viviparous species of asterinid (Echinodermata, Asteroidea, Asterinidae) and a new genus to accommodate the species of pan-tropical exiguoid sea stars. Zootaxa 359: 1 - 14." type="journal article" year="2003">Dartnall et al., 2003: 12</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
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</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D8E06540FFA1FFADFF06E657FDB14EF5" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="904536CBFFA1FFADFF06E657FDB14EF5" blockId="27.[131,771,1312,1715]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFA1FFADFF06E657FF204D70" box="[131,233,1312,1334]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Diagnosis</emphasis>
. Rays 5, medium to short-rayed stellate, not pentagonal, rays pointed distally; noticeable integument; flat actinally, convex abactinally; primary abactinal plates strongly or weakly crescentiform, close subpaxilliform cover of short, thick or thin, columnar or subglobose spinelets, not acicular or sacciform, secondary plates with smaller spinelets; lacking pedicellariae; papulate areas extensive, papular spaces large, numerous secondary plates and papulae per papular space; series of spinelet-covered superomarginal and inferomarginal plates, spinelets on thick rounded inferomarginals extend onto actinal surface; actinal plates in oblique series; actinal spines in mid-interradius thick, combs of 46; lacking complete superambulacral series of plates, present distally; superactinal plates present, multiple plate struts in larger specimens.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
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<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFA1FFADFF06E5BDFEC44EA6" box="[131,269,1738,1760]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
<typeStatus id="4F418869FFA1FFADFF06E5BDFF7B4EA6" box="[131,178,1738,1760]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Type</typeStatus>
species.
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFA1FFADFE92E5BDFD884E99" authority="Gray, 1840" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1840" box="[279,577,1737,1760]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Patiria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="coccinea">
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFA1FFADFE92E5BDFE0B4EA6" box="[279,450,1738,1760]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Patiria coccinea</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="F46B4B3AFFA1FFADFE49E5BEFD884E99" author="Gray, J. E." box="[460,577,1737,1759]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="175 - 184" refId="ref35871" refString="Gray, J. E. 1840. A synopsis of the genera and species of the class Hypostoma (Asterias Linnaeus). Annals and Magazine of Natural History (1) 6: 175 - 184; 275 - 290." type="journal article" year="1840">Gray, 1840</bibRefCitation>
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(original designation) (junior synonym of
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFA1FFADFE14E590FD044EBB" authority="Brandt, 1835" authorityName="Brandt" authorityYear="1835" box="[401,717,1767,1789]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asteriidae" genus="Asterias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="miniata">
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFA1FFADFE14E590FDF24EBB" box="[401,571,1767,1789]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Asterias miniata</emphasis>
Brandt, 1835
</taxonomicName>
mistakenly recorded from
<collectingCountry id="E8ED765BFFA1FFADFEEBE473FE3A4F5C" box="[366,499,1796,1818]" name="South Africa" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">South Africa</collectingCountry>
, synonymy by
<bibRefCitation id="F46B4B3AFFA1FFADFD15E473FF704F71" author="Mortensen, Th." pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="215 - 400" refId="ref36584" refString="Mortensen, Th. 1933. Echinoderms of South Africa (Asteroidea and Ophiuroidea). Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra Dansk naturhistorisk Forening i Kobenhavn 93: 215 - 400, pls 8 - 19." type="journal article" year="1933">Mortensen, 1933</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D8E06540FFA1FFADFF06E43CFED04F3C" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="taxon_list">
<paragraph id="904536CBFFA1FFADFF06E43CFED04F3C" blockId="27.[131,771,1867,1914]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFA1FFADFF06E43CFEC14F19" box="[131,264,1867,1887]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Other species.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFA1FFADFE8BE43CFDC04F19" authority="(Lutken, 1859)" baseAuthorityName="Lutken" baseAuthorityYear="1859" box="[270,521,1867,1887]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Patiria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="chilensis">
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFA1FFADFE8BE43CFEBC4F19" box="[270,373,1867,1887]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">P. chilensis</emphasis>
(Lütken, 1859)
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFA1FFADFD91E43CFEDC4F3C" authority="(Muller and Troschel, 1842)" baseAuthorityName="Muller and Troschel" baseAuthorityYear="1842" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Patiria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="pectinifera">
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFA1FFADFD91E43CFD474F19" box="[532,654,1867,1887]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">P. pectinifera</emphasis>
(Müller and Troschel, 1842)
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D8E06540FFA1FFADFCACE397FA574919" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="904536CBFFA1FFADFCACE397FB8B4949" blockId="27.[809,1449,224,351]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFA1FFADFCACE397FB8448B2" box="[809,1101,224,244]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
Material examined.
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFA1FFADFC64E397FB8048B2" baseAuthorityName="Lutken" baseAuthorityYear="1859" box="[993,1097,224,244]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Patiria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="chilensis">P. chilensis</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="E8ED765BFFA1FFADFBD7E397FB4C48B2" box="[1106,1157,224,244]" name="Chile" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Chile</collectingCountry>
, Arica,
<collectionCode id="F6EBAE0EFFA1FFADFB49E397FAC848B2" box="[1228,1281,224,244]" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34978" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34978" name="Museum Victoria" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="Museum">NMV</collectionCode>
F95674 (3);
<collectingCountry id="E8ED765BFFA1FFADFAFCE397FA6C48B2" box="[1401,1445,224,244]" name="Peru" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Peru</collectingCountry>
,
<collectionCode id="F6EBAE0EFFA1FFADFCACE38CFC974949" box="[809,862,251,271]" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34978" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34978" name="Museum Victoria" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="Museum">NMV</collectionCode>
F97442 (1); F97443 (1).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="904536CBFFA1FFADFCC6E261FBCE4902" blockId="27.[809,1449,224,351]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFA1FFADFCC6E261FC69496C" authorityName="Brandt" authorityYear="1835" box="[835,928,278,298]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asteriidae" genus="Asterias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="miniata">
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFA1FFADFCC6E261FC69496C" box="[835,928,278,298]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">P. miniata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<collectingRegion id="523EF829FFA1FFADFC28E262FBC2496F" box="[941,1035,277,297]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">California</collectingRegion>
,
<collectionCode id="F6EBAE0EFFA1FFADFB93E262FB82496F" box="[1046,1099,277,297]" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34978" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34978" name="Museum Victoria" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="Museum">NMV</collectionCode>
F97444 (1); F97448 (1); F98040 (1); F98041 (1); F98042 (1).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="904536CBFFA1FFADFCC6E23CFA574919" blockId="27.[809,1449,224,351]" box="[835,1438,331,351]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFA1FFADFCC6E23CFC0A4919" box="[835,963,331,351]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFA1FFADFCC6E23CFC764919" baseAuthorityName="Muller and Troschel" baseAuthorityYear="1842" box="[835,959,331,351]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Patiria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="pectinifera">P. pectinifera</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="20923C96FFA1FFADFC4DE23CFAE14919" box="[968,1320,331,351]" collectionCode="NMV" country="Japan" location="Bay" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" specimenCode="F95672" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Toyama">
<collectingCountry id="E8ED765BFFA1FFADFC4DE23CFC374919" box="[968,1022,331,351]" name="Japan" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Japan</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="523EF829FFA1FFADFB82E23CFB994919" box="[1031,1104,331,351]" country="Japan" name="Toyama" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Toyama</collectingRegion>
<location id="95256010FFA1FFADFBD3E23CFBB24919" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:185387DDFFA1FFAAFF06E76EFE3F4DB3:95256010FFA1FFADFBD3E23CFBB24919" box="[1110,1147,331,351]" country="Japan" name="Bay" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" stateProvince="Toyama">Bay</location>
,
<collectionCode id="F6EBAE0EFFA1FFADFB00E23CFB734919" box="[1157,1210,331,351]" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34978" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34978" name="Museum Victoria" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="Museum">NMV</collectionCode>
<specimenCode id="C05C9EB0FFA1FFADFB45E23CFACC4919" box="[1216,1285,331,351]" collectionCode="NMV" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34978" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34978" name="Museum Victoria" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="Museum">F95672</specimenCode>
(7)
</materialsCitation>
; F95673 (2).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D8E06540FFA1FFADFCACE202FC124E66" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="description">
<paragraph id="904536CBFFA1FFADFCACE202FC354A7D" blockId="27.[809,1449,373,1568]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFA1FFADFCACE202FB6149CD" box="[809,1192,373,395]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Description with species variations.</emphasis>
Rays 5 (sometimes 6); noticeable integument; interradial margin incurved, medium to short-rayed stellate, not pentagonal, rays distally pointed to narrowly rounded; flat actinally, convex abactinally, body thick, sides of rays steep; size large (
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFA1FFADFBF5E29CFB744A47" authorityName="Brandt" authorityYear="1835" box="[1136,1213,491,513]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asteriidae" genus="Asterias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="miniata">
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFA1FFADFBF5E29CFB744A47" box="[1136,1213,491,513]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">miniata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
up to R =
<quantity id="57029B2EFFA1FFADFABCE29DFA4C4A46" box="[1337,1413,490,512]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" unit="mm" value="85.0">85 mm</quantity>
) to small (
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFA1FFADFCF3E17FFC074A58" baseAuthorityName="Lutken" baseAuthorityYear="1859" box="[886,974,520,542]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Patiria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="chilensis">
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFA1FFADFCF3E17FFC074A58" box="[886,974,520,542]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">chilensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
up to R =
<quantity id="57029B2EFFA1FFADFBD8E17FFB794A58" box="[1117,1200,520,542]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" unit="mm" value="21.0">21 mm</quantity>
); lacking pedicellariae; gonopores abactinal.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="904536CBFFA1FFADFCCCE135FB5A4C98" blockId="27.[809,1449,373,1568]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
Abactinal surface uneven; appearance dominated by subpaxilliform spinous primary plates, variably crescentiform, and large papular spaces with smaller spinous secondary plates; plates in irregular longitudinal series; papulate areas extensive, to near distal end of rays and near margin; papular spaces with numerous secondary plates and small papulae (up to about 25 of each); lacking longitudinal series of large single papulae along sides of rays; disc weakly bordered by discontinuous series of larger radial and smaller interradial plates; abactinal primary plates variably crescentiform or oval or round or linear, with spinelet-bearing elevations, variably with 1 or more notches for papulae; carinal series variably present, plates separated by large papular spaces; cleared plates with glassy convexities prominent (
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFA1FFADFC27E0B7FC334B90" baseAuthorityName="Lutken" baseAuthorityYear="1859" box="[930,1018,960,982]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Patiria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="chilensis">
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFA1FFADFC27E0B7FC334B90" box="[930,1018,960,982]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">chilensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) or not; abactinal spinelets opaque, short columnar, thick (
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFA1FFADFC5FE0AAFBEE4BB5" authorityName="Brandt" authorityYear="1835" box="[986,1063,989,1011]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asteriidae" genus="Asterias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="miniata">
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFA1FFADFC5FE0AAFBEE4BB5" box="[986,1063,989,1011]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">miniata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), or subglobose (
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFA1FFADFB5AE0AAFA854BB5" baseAuthorityName="Muller and Troschel" baseAuthorityYear="1842" box="[1247,1356,989,1011]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Patiria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="pectinifera">
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFA1FFADFB5AE0AAFA854BB5" box="[1247,1356,989,1011]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">pectinifera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), or thin (
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFA1FFADFCB4E08CFC404C57" baseAuthorityName="Lutken" baseAuthorityYear="1859" box="[817,905,1019,1041]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Patiria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="chilensis">
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFA1FFADFCB4E08CFC404C57" box="[817,905,1019,1041]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">chilensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), in section round (
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFA1FFADFBDAE08CFAFC4C57" box="[1119,1333,1019,1041]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFA1FFADFBDAE08CFB734C57" baseAuthorityName="Lutken" baseAuthorityYear="1859" box="[1119,1210,1019,1041]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Patiria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="chilensis">chilensis</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFA1FFADFB4DE08CFAFC4C57" baseAuthorityName="Muller and Troschel" baseAuthorityYear="1842" box="[1224,1333,1019,1041]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Patiria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="pectinifera">pectinifera</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
) or square (
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFA1FFADFCB4E76FFCB74C68" authorityName="Brandt" authorityYear="1835" box="[817,894,1048,1070]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asteriidae" genus="Asterias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="miniata">
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFA1FFADFCB4E76FFCB74C68" box="[817,894,1048,1070]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">miniata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
); spinelets on primary plates in subpaxilliform transverse or round clusters, very close and palisade-like (
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFA1FFADFAD6E742FA694C0D" authorityName="Brandt" authorityYear="1835" box="[1363,1440,1077,1099]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asteriidae" genus="Asterias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="miniata">
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFA1FFADFAD6E742FA694C0D" box="[1363,1440,1077,1099]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">miniata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) or slightly more spaced (
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFA1FFADFBB4E724FACF4C2F" box="[1073,1286,1107,1129]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFA1FFADFBB4E724FB454C2F" baseAuthorityName="Lutken" baseAuthorityYear="1859" box="[1073,1164,1107,1129]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Patiria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="chilensis">chilensis</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFA1FFADFB1CE724FACF4C2F" baseAuthorityName="Muller and Troschel" baseAuthorityYear="1842" box="[1177,1286,1107,1129]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Patiria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="pectinifera">pectinifera</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
), on secondary plates shorter, splayed; series of subequal superomarginal and inferomarginal plates, covered with spinelets; spinelets on thick rounded inferomarginals extend onto actinal surface; projecting inferomarginals form acute margin.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="904536CBFFA1FFADFCCCE792FB424CBD" blockId="27.[809,1449,373,1568]" box="[841,1163,1253,1275]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Actinal plates in oblique series.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="904536CBFFA1FFADFCCCE675FC434DC8" blockId="27.[809,1449,373,1568]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Actinal spines per plate: oral 57; suboral 27; furrow 34 proximally; subambulacral 24; adradial actinal plates fully spinous; actinal interradial in combs of 38 proximally, 46 distally; actinal interradial spines conical to digitiform to spatulate.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="904536CBFFA1FFADFCCCE6E2FC124E66" blockId="27.[809,1449,373,1568]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
Superambulacral plates not present as series, sometimes present in mid-ray (
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFA1FFADFC7DE6C4FB994D8F" baseAuthorityName="Lutken" baseAuthorityYear="1859" box="[1016,1104,1459,1481]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Patiria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="chilensis">
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFA1FFADFC7DE6C4FB994D8F" box="[1016,1104,1459,1481]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">chilensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) or absent
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFA1FFADFB4DE6C4FA534D8F" box="[1224,1434,1459,1481]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
(
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFA1FFADFB4AE6C4FAE94D8F" authorityName="Brandt" authorityYear="1835" box="[1231,1312,1459,1481]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asteriidae" genus="Asterias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="miniata">miniata</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFA1FFADFAA8E6C4FA534D8F" baseAuthorityName="Muller and Troschel" baseAuthorityYear="1842" box="[1325,1434,1459,1481]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Patiria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="pectinifera">pectinifera</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
), present distally linking with actinal or superactinal or abactinal plates; superactinal plates present, multiple plate struts in larger specimens.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D8E06540FFA1FFADFCACE544FBC34E20" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="904536CBFFA1FFADFCACE544FBC34E20" blockId="27.[809,1449,1587,1638]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFA1FFADFCACE544FC6D4E0F" box="[809,932,1587,1609]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Distribution</emphasis>
. N and E Pacific Ocean,
<collectingCountry id="E8ED765BFFA1FFADFB21E544FB294E0F" box="[1188,1248,1587,1609]" name="Japan" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Japan</collectingCountry>
, Alaska, California,
<collectingCountry id="E8ED765BFFA1FFADFCACE527FC934E20" box="[809,858,1616,1638]" name="Peru" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Peru</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="E8ED765BFFA1FFADFCE0E527FC564E20" box="[869,927,1616,1638]" name="Chile" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Chile</collectingCountry>
;
<quantity id="57029B2EFFA1FFADFC2CE527FBCE4E20" box="[937,1031,1616,1638]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="0.0" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" unit="m" value="150.0" valueMax="300.0" valueMin="0.0">
0
<specimenCount id="86FCFD42FFA1FFADFC46E527FBCE4E20" box="[963,1031,1616,1638]" count="300" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="generic">300 m</specimenCount>
</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D8E06540FFA1FFAAFCACE50EFE3F4DB3" lastPageId="28" lastPageNumber="29" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="904536CBFFA1FFAAFCACE50EFF3D4CF4" blockId="27.[809,1449,1657,1914]" lastBlockId="28.[139,780,1063,1525]" lastPageId="28" lastPageNumber="29" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFA1FFADFCACE50EFC4B4EC9" box="[809,898,1657,1679]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Remarks</emphasis>
.
<bibRefCitation id="F46B4B3AFFA1FFADFC13E50EFBE84EC9" author="Fisher, W. K." box="[918,1057,1657,1679]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="87 - 93" refId="ref35662" refString="Fisher, W. K. 1908. Necessary changes in the nomenclature of starfishes. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 52: 87 - 93." type="journal article" year="1908">Fisher (1908</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="F46B4B3AFFA1FFADFBB1E50EFBA04EC9" author="Fisher, W. K." box="[1076,1129,1657,1679]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" refId="ref35687" refString="Fisher, W. K. 1911. Asteroidea of the North Pacific and adjacent waters. 1. Phanerozonia and Spinulosa. Bulletin of the United States National Museum 76: vi + 419 pp, 120 pls." type="book" year="1911">1911</bibRefCitation>
),
<bibRefCitation id="F46B4B3AFFA1FFADFB06E50EFA8A4EC9" author="Mortensen, Th." box="[1155,1347,1657,1679]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="215 - 400" refId="ref36584" refString="Mortensen, Th. 1933. Echinoderms of South Africa (Asteroidea and Ophiuroidea). Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra Dansk naturhistorisk Forening i Kobenhavn 93: 215 - 400, pls 8 - 19." type="journal article" year="1933">Mortensen (1933)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="F46B4B3AFFA1FFADFAD3E50EFCA54EEA" author="Hayashi, R." pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="107 - 204" refId="ref36076" refString="Hayashi, R. 1940. Contributions to the classification of the sea-stars of Japan. 1. Spinulosa. Journal of the Faculty of Science Hokkaido Imperial University (Zoology) (6) 7 (3): 107 - 204, pls 7 - 13, 63 figs." type="book chapter" year="1940">Hayashi (1940)</bibRefCitation>
and A.M.
<bibRefCitation id="F46B4B3AFFA1FFADFC5DE5E1FB934EEA" author="Clark, A. M." box="[984,1114,1686,1708]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="359 - 380" refId="ref34913" refString="Clark, A. M. 1983. Notes on Atlantic and other Asteroidea. 3. The families Ganeriidae and Asterinidae, with description of a new asterinid genus. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) (Zoology) 45 (7): 359 - 380." type="journal article" year="1983">Clark (1983)</bibRefCitation>
considered
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFA1FFADFB53E5E0FAD54EEB" authorityName=", Gray" authorityYear="1840" box="[1238,1308,1687,1709]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Patiria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFA1FFADFB53E5E0FAD54EEB" box="[1238,1308,1687,1709]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Patiria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to be a junior synonym of
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFA1FFADFC2DE5C3FC374E8C" authorityName="Nardo" authorityYear="1834" box="[936,1022,1716,1738]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Asterina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFA1FFADFC2DE5C3FC374E8C" box="[936,1022,1716,1738]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Asterina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, while
<bibRefCitation id="F46B4B3AFFA1FFADFBCFE5C3FB1E4E8C" author="Verrill, A. E." box="[1098,1239,1716,1738]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="477 - 485" refId="ref37400" refString="Verrill, A. E. 1913. Revision of the genera of starfishes of the subfamily Asterininae. American Journal of Science (4) 35 (209): 477 - 485." type="journal article" year="1913">Verrill (1913)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="F46B4B3AFFA1FFADFB67E5C3FAAC4E8C" author="Fisher, W. K." box="[1250,1381,1716,1738]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="1 - 712" refId="ref35760" refString="Fisher, W. K. 1919. Starfishes of the Philippine seas and adjacent waters. Bulletin of the United States National Museum 100 (3): i - xi, 1 - 712, 156 pls." type="book chapter" year="1919">Fisher (1919</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="F46B4B3AFFA1FFADFAF5E5C3FA6C4E8C" author="Fisher, W. K." box="[1392,1445,1716,1738]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="69 - 306" refId="ref35800" refString="Fisher, W. K. 1940. Asteroidea. Discovery Reports 20: 69 - 306, 23 pls." type="book chapter" year="1940">1940</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="F46B4B3AFFA1FFADFCACE5A6FC944EA1" author="Fisher, W. K." box="[809,861,1745,1767]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="447 - 456" refId="ref35821" refString="Fisher, W. K. 1941. A new genus of sea-stars (Plazaster) from Japan, with a note on the genus Parasterina. Proceedings of the United States National Museum 90: 447 - 456, figs 20 - 22, pls 66 - 70." type="journal article" year="1941">1941</bibRefCitation>
) and
<bibRefCitation id="F46B4B3AFFA1FFADFC2FE5A6FAEF4EA1" author="Clark, A. M. &amp; Courtman-Stock, J." box="[938,1318,1745,1767]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" refId="ref34998" refString="Clark, A. M., and Courtman-Stock, J. 1976. The echinoderms of southern Africa. British Museum (Natural History) Publication No. 776. London. 277 pp." type="book" year="1976">Clark and Courtman-Stock (1976)</bibRefCitation>
maintained
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFA1FFADFCACE598FCA64F43" authorityName=", Gray" authorityYear="1840" box="[809,879,1775,1797]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Patiria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFA1FFADFCACE598FCA64F43" box="[809,879,1775,1797]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Patiria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as a valid genus.
<bibRefCitation id="F46B4B3AFFA1FFADFBACE599FB7C4F42" author="Verrill, A. E." box="[1065,1205,1774,1796]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="1 - 408" refId="ref37435" refString="Verrill, A. E. 1914. Monograph of the shallow-water starfishes of the North Pacific coast from the Arctic Ocean to California. Harriman Alaska Series, Smithsonian Institution 14: 1 - 408, 110 pls." type="book chapter" year="1914">Verrill (1914)</bibRefCitation>
considered it to be significant that
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFA1FFADFC2AE47BFC3C4F64" authorityName=", Gray" authorityYear="1840" box="[943,1013,1804,1826]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Patiria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFA1FFADFC2AE47BFC3C4F64" box="[943,1013,1804,1826]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Patiria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
lacked pedicellariae.
<bibRefCitation id="F46B4B3AFFA1FFADFB5FE47BFCA64F79" author="Spencer, W. K. &amp; Wright, C. W." pageId="27" pageNumber="28" refId="ref37118" refString="Spencer, W. K., and Wright, C. W. 1966. Asterozoans. Pp. U 4 - U 107, 89 figs in: R. C. Moore (ed.), Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology. The Geological Society of America and The University of Kansas Press." type="book" year="1966">Spencer and Wright (1966)</bibRefCitation>
listed
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFA1FFADFC48E45EFB994F79" authorityName="Verrill" authorityYear="1913" box="[973,1104,1833,1855]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Callopatiria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFA1FFADFC48E45EFB994F79" box="[973,1104,1833,1855]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Callopatiria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFA1FFADFB1EE45EFAE64F79" authorityName=", Verrill" authorityYear="1913" box="[1179,1327,1833,1855]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Enoplopatiria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFA1FFADFB1EE45EFAE64F79" box="[1179,1327,1833,1855]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Enoplopatiria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as junior synonyms of
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFA1FFADFC3FE430FBCE4F1B" box="[954,1031,1863,1885]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFA1FFADFC3FE430FBCA4F1B" authorityName=", Gray" authorityYear="1840" box="[954,1027,1863,1885]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Patiria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">Patiria</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="F46B4B3AFFA1FFADFB95E431FB784F1A" author="Hayashi, R." box="[1040,1201,1862,1884]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" refId="ref36128" refString="Hayashi, R. 1973. The sea-stars of Sagami Bay. Biological Laboratory, Imperial Household: Japan. viii + 114 pp., 18 pls." type="book" year="1973">Hayashi (1973)</bibRefCitation>
considered
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFA1FFADFAB1E430FAB34F1B" authorityName=", Gray" authorityYear="1840" box="[1332,1402,1863,1885]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Patiria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFA1FFADFAB1E430FAB34F1B" box="[1332,1402,1863,1885]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Patiria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFA1FFADFCACE413FC414F3C" authorityName=", Domantay and Acosta" authorityYear="1970" box="[809,904,1892,1914]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Patiriella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFA1FFADFCACE413FC414F3C" box="[809,904,1892,1914]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Patiriella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to be junior synonyms of
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFA1FFADFB46E413FAD04F3C" authorityName="Nardo" authorityYear="1834" box="[1219,1305,1892,1914]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Asterina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFA1FFADFB46E413FAD04F3C" box="[1219,1305,1892,1914]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Asterina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. A.M.
<bibRefCitation id="F46B4B3AFFA1FFAAFAF5E413FF1B4C7B" author="Clark, A. M." lastPageId="28" lastPageNumber="29" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="359 - 380" refId="ref34913" refString="Clark, A. M. 1983. Notes on Atlantic and other Asteroidea. 3. The families Ganeriidae and Asterinidae, with description of a new asterinid genus. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) (Zoology) 45 (7): 359 - 380." type="journal article" year="1983">Clark (1983)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="F46B4B3AFFA6FFAAFF59E750FE2E4C7B" author="Clark, A. M. &amp; Downey, M. E." box="[220,487,1063,1085]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" refId="ref35034" refString="Clark, A. M., and Downey, M. E. 1992. Starfishes of the Atlantic. Chapman and Hall (Natural History Museum Publications): London. 794 pp, 75 figs, 113 pls." type="book" year="1992">Clark and Downey (1992)</bibRefCitation>
and A.M.
<bibRefCitation id="F46B4B3AFFA6FFAAFDD0E750FD1E4C7B" author="Clark, A. M." box="[597,727,1063,1085]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="187 - 366" refId="ref34965" refString="Clark, A. M. 1993. An index of names of recent Asteroidea - Part 2: Valvatida. Echinoderm Studies 4: 187 - 366. Balkema: Rotterdam." type="journal article" year="1993">Clark (1993)</bibRefCitation>
considered
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFA6FFAAFF65E733FEA74C1C" authorityName=", Verrill" authorityYear="1913" box="[224,366,1092,1114]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Enoplopatiria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFA6FFAAFF65E733FEA74C1C" box="[224,366,1092,1114]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Enoplopatiria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFA6FFAAFE2CE733FE264C1C" authorityName=", Gray" authorityYear="1840" box="[425,495,1092,1114]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Patiria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFA6FFAAFE2CE733FE264C1C" box="[425,495,1092,1114]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Patiria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to be junior synonyms of
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFA6FFAAFF0EE715FF284C3E" authorityName="Nardo" authorityYear="1834" box="[139,225,1122,1144]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Asterina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFA6FFAAFF0EE715FF284C3E" box="[139,225,1122,1144]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Asterina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<bibRefCitation id="F46B4B3AFFA6FFAAFF77E716FDDF4C31" author="Campbell, A. C. &amp; Rowe, F. W. E." box="[242,534,1121,1143]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="129 - 136" refId="ref34776" refString="Campbell, A. C., and Rowe, F. W. E. 1997. A new species in the asterinid genus Patiriella (Echinodermata, Asteroidea) from Dhofar, southern Oman: a temperate taxon in a tropical locality. Bulletin of the British Museum, (Natural History) (Zoology) 63 (2): 129 - 136." type="journal article" year="1997">Campbell and Rowe (1997)</bibRefCitation>
“accepted the separate generic status [of
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFA6FFAAFED0E708FE524CD3" authorityName=", Gray" authorityYear="1840" box="[341,411,1151,1173]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Patiria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFA6FFAAFED0E708FE524CD3" box="[341,411,1151,1173]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Patiria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
] until the matter is more clearly resolved”.
</paragraph>
<caption id="C4856643FFA6FFAAFF0EE0D0FD7A4BB6" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10665527" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10665527" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10665527/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" startId="28.[139,198,935,955]" targetBox="[137,1458,223,916]" targetPageId="28" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="904536CBFFA6FFAAFF0EE0D0FD7A4BB6" blockId="28.[139,1457,935,1008]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
Figure 13. a,
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFA6FFAAFE81E0D0FE034BFD" baseAuthorityName="Livingstone" baseAuthorityYear="1933" box="[260,458,935,955]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Indianastra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="inopinata">
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFA6FFAAFE81E0D0FE034BFD" box="[260,458,935,955]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Indianastra inopinata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(R = 19 mm, AM J15254): cleared abactinal surface. bf,
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFA6FFAAFC58E0D0FB5C4BFD" baseAuthorityName="de Loriol" baseAuthorityYear="1897" box="[989,1173,935,955]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Indianastra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="sarasini">
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFA6FFAAFC58E0D0FB5C4BFD" box="[989,1173,935,955]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Indianastra sarasini</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(R = 14 mm, WAM Z6835): b, abactinal ray; c, abactinal elongate subsacciform spinelets, and papulae; d, bare superomarginal plates, and tufts of inferomarginal spinelets; e, oral and proximal actinal spines; f, actinal plates and spines.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="904536CBFFA6FFAAFF2EE7CEFE3F4DB3" blockId="28.[139,780,1063,1525]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<bibRefCitation id="F46B4B3AFFA6FFAAFF2EE7CEFEBE4C89" author="Waters, J. M. &amp; O'Loughlin, P. M. &amp; Roy, M. S." box="[171,375,1209,1231]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="872 - 878" refId="ref37522" refString="Waters, J. M., O'Loughlin, P. M., and Roy, M. S. 2004. Molecular systematics of some Indo-Pacific asterinids (Echinodermata, Asteroidea): does taxonomy reflect phylogeny? Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 30: 872 - 878." type="journal article" year="2004">Waters et al. (2004)</bibRefCitation>
found that the three species of
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFA6FFAAFD3AE7CDFCCC4C96" authorityName=", Gray" authorityYear="1840" box="[703,773,1210,1232]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Patiria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFA6FFAAFD3AE7CDFCCC4C96" box="[703,773,1210,1232]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Patiria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, including the
<typeStatus id="4F418869FFA6FFAAFE9DE7A0FE8D4CAB" box="[280,324,1239,1261]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">type</typeStatus>
species, constituted a single clade (II). They confirmed an earlier result, based also on molecular data (
<bibRefCitation id="F46B4B3AFFA6FFAAFD58E783FECB4D61" author="Hart, M. W. &amp; Byrne, M. &amp; Smith, M. J." pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="1846 - 1859" refId="ref36039" refString="Hart, M. W., Byrne, M. and Smith, M. J. 1997. Molecular phylogenetic analysis of life-history evolution in asterinid starfish. Evolution 51: 1846 - 1859." type="journal article" year="1997">Hart et al., 1997</bibRefCitation>
), that confirmed the
<typeStatus id="4F418869FFA6FFAAFE5DE666FDCD4D61" box="[472,516,1297,1319]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">type</typeStatus>
and one of the species to be sister taxa. Together there is strong molecular evidence for the generic status of
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFA6FFAAFE02E63BFE074D24" authorityName=", Gray" authorityYear="1840" box="[391,462,1356,1378]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Patiria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFA6FFAAFE02E63BFE074D24" box="[391,462,1356,1378]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Patiria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, remote from
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFA6FFAAFDFAE63BFD1F4D24" authorityName="Nardo" authorityYear="1834" box="[639,726,1356,1378]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Asterina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFA6FFAAFDFAE63BFD1F4D24" box="[639,726,1356,1378]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Asterina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFA6FFAAFF0EE61DFF254DC6" authorityName=", Domantay and Acosta" authorityYear="1970" box="[139,236,1386,1408]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Patiriella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFA6FFAAFF0EE61DFF254DC6" box="[139,236,1386,1408]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Patiriella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Morphologically,
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFA6FFAAFE43E61DFDC44DC6" authorityName=", Gray" authorityYear="1840" box="[454,525,1386,1408]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Patiria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFA6FFAAFE43E61DFDC44DC6" box="[454,525,1386,1408]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Patiria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is distinguished from
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFA6FFAAFF0EE6F0FF284DDB" authorityName="Nardo" authorityYear="1834" box="[139,225,1415,1437]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Asterina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFA6FFAAFF0EE6F0FF284DDB" box="[139,225,1415,1437]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Asterina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the presence of superambulacral and superactinal plates, and from
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFA6FFAAFEC2E6D3FE6F4DFC" authorityName=", Domantay and Acosta" authorityYear="1970" box="[327,422,1444,1466]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Patiriella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFA6FFAAFEC2E6D3FE6F4DFC" box="[327,422,1444,1466]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Patiriella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the discrete rays, dense subpaxilliform clusters of granuliform spinelets, and more numerous actinal interradial spines.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>