247 lines
20 KiB
XML
247 lines
20 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.168.51904" ID-GBIF-Dataset="e7345e6b-fa55-474e-9b6e-d6b185121541" ID-PMC="PMC7718216" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-168-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="5F39D34A0DEF5952A2C4E9090C14B498" ID-PubMed="33335445" ModsDocID="1314-2003-168-1" checkinTime="1606572050664" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Dean, Ellen, Poore, Jennifer, Anguiano-Constante, Marco Antonio, Nee, Michael H., Kang, Hannah, Starbuck, Thomas, Rodrigues, Annamarie & Conner, Matthew" docDate="2020" docId="08716AF24D6E80C6C9DF2986F9CFEB7F" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 168: 1-333" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 168" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.168.51904" docTitle="Lycianthes anomala Bitter, Abh. Naturwiss. Verein Bremen 24 [preprint]: 514. 1919" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" id="5F39D34A0DEF5952A2C4E9090C14B498" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="5F39D34A0DEF5952A2C4E9090C14B498" masterDocTitle="The genus Lycianthes (Solanaceae, Capsiceae) in Mexico and Guatemala" masterLastPageNumber="333" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1668140149145" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>The genus Lycianthes (Solanaceae, Capsiceae) in Mexico and Guatemala</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Dean, Ellen</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>UC Davis Center for Plant Diversity, Plant Sciences M. S. 7, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA 95616, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5986-0027</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">eadean@ucdavis.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Poore, Jennifer</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>UC Davis Center for Plant Diversity, Plant Sciences M. S. 7, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA 95616, USA</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Anguiano-Constante, Marco Antonio</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Laboratorio Nacional de Identificacion y Caracterizacion Vegetal (LaniVeg), Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia (CONACyT), Centro Universitario de Ciencias Biologicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad de Guadalajara, Camino Ramon Padilla Sanchez 2100, 45110 Nextipac, Zapopan, Jalisco, Mexico</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4071-8108</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Nee, Michael H.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>26776 US Hwy 14, Richland Center, WI 53581, USA</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Kang, Hannah</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>UC Davis Center for Plant Diversity, Plant Sciences M. S. 7, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA 95616, USA</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Starbuck, Thomas</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>UC Davis Center for Plant Diversity, Plant Sciences M. S. 7, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA 95616, USA</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Rodrigues, Annamarie</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>UC Davis Center for Plant Diversity, Plant Sciences M. S. 7, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA 95616, USA</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Conner, Matthew</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>UC Davis Center for Plant Diversity, Plant Sciences M. S. 7, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA 95616, USA</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title>PhytoKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2020</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>168</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>333</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.168.51904</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.168.51904</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-168-1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">5F39D34A0DEF5952A2C4E9090C14B498</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="170596563" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:08716AF24D6E80C6C9DF2986F9CFEB7F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/08716AF24D6E80C6C9DF2986F9CFEB7F" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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3
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<taxonomicName authority="Bitter, Abh. Naturwiss. Verein Bremen 24 [preprint]: 514. 1919" authorityName="Bitter, Abh. Naturwiss. Verein Bremen 24 [preprint]: 514." authorityYear="1919" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Lycianthes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Lycianthes anomala" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="anomala">Lycianthes anomala Bitter, Abh. Naturwiss. Verein Bremen 24 [preprint]: 514. 1919</taxonomicName>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Image of herbarium specimen of L. anomala, Diggs 2731 (MO). Specimen used with permission from the Missouri Botanical Garden (http: // www. tropicos. org)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.168.51904.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/480022" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Type.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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Mexico. Veracruz:
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
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Blanco, Orizaba,
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Bourgeau 2536</emphasis>
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(lectotype designated by
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.349.1.4" author="Dean, E" journalOrPublisher="Phytotaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="39 - 46" refId="B45" refString="Dean, E, Reyes, M, 2018a. Lectotypification of names in the genus Lycianthes (Solanaceae). Phytotaxa 349 (1): 39 - 46, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.349.1.4" title="Lectotypification of names in the genus Lycianthes (Solanaceae)." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.349.1.4" volume="349" year="2018 a">Dean and Reyes 2018a</bibRefCitation>
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, pg. 40: BR [000000552905]; isolectotypes: G [G00415142], GH [00077065], K [K000063121], MPU [MPU310734], P [P00385091, P00385092], S [cited by
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<bibRefCitation author="Bitter, G" journalOrPublisher="Botanische Jahrbuecher fuer Systematik, Pflanzengeschichte und Pflanzengeographie" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B10" refString="Bitter, G, 1919. Die Gattung Lycianthes. Abhandlungen herausgegeban vom Naturwissenschaftlichen Verein zu Bremen 24: 292-520." title="Die Gattung Lycianthes. Abhandlungen herausgegeban vom Naturwissenschaftlichen Verein zu Bremen 24: 292 - 520." year="1919">Bitter (1919)</bibRefCitation>
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, but not seen]).
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</paragraph>
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<caption doi="10.3897/phytokeys.168.51904.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/480022" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 10" startId="F10">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 10.</emphasis>
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Image of herbarium specimen of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="L. anomala" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="anomala">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">L. anomala</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Diggs 2731</emphasis>
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(MO). Specimen used with permission from the Missouri Botanical Garden (http://www.tropicos.org).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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Herb, shrub, to tree, sometimes epiphytic, semi-epiphytic, or vine-like, erect, 2-10 (15) m tall. Indument of tan to brownish, uniseriate, multicellular, simple or dendritically branched, eglandular, spreading trichomes 0.25-0.5 mm long. Stems green when young, glabrous to sparsely pubescent, not compressed upon drying in a plant press, quickly becoming woody (glossy pale grey with longitudinal wrinkles upon drying); upper sympodial branching points mostly monochasial. Leaves simple, the leaves of the upper sympodia usually paired and unequal in size, the larger ones with blades 10-25
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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5-15 cm, ovate, oblong, or elliptic (rarely obovate), the smaller ones with blades 2-10
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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1.5-5 cm, orbicular to ovate, the leaf pairs similar in texture, coriaceous, usually glabrous adaxially, abaxially with tufts of trichomes in the axils of the major veins, the base rounded to cuneate, usually oblique, the margin entire, usually undulate, the apex acute to acuminate, the petiole 1-4 cm long, the larger leaf blades with 6-9 primary veins on each side of the midvein. Flowers solitary or in groups of 2-6, axillary, erect; peduncles absent or present as a short stub with many pedicel scars, 5-10 mm long; pedicels 8-20 mm and erect in flower, to 35 mm long and erect in fruit, glabrous; calyx 4-5 mm long, 6-8 mm in diameter, widely campanulate, glabrous, coriaceous in texture, the margin truncate, very well developed, with 5-10 reflexed appendages, 0.25-1 mm long (sometimes just a bulge), connate at their bases, emerging 1-2 mm below the calyx rim; fruiting calyx enlarged, widely bowl-shaped, 3-4 mm long, 8-10 mm in diameter, the appendages 0.5-2 mm long, reflexed as a connate unit; corolla 1-1.5 cm long, reflexed in orientation, stellate in outline, divided 1/3-1/2 of the way to the base, with scant interpetalar tissue, the lobes purple adaxially, nearly glabrous; stamens equal, straight, the filaments ca. 1 mm long, glabrous, the anthers 4-6 mm long, elliptic, connate at edges to adjacent anther, forming a cone, yellow, glabrous, poricidal at the tips, the pores dehiscing distally and opening into longitudinal slits that extend ca. 1/3 of the way from apex to base, the slit forming between the thecae of adjacent anthers; pistil with glabrous ovary, the style ca. 8 mm long, linear, straight to curved, glabrous, the stigma truncate to capitate. Fruit a berry, 7-10 mm long, 7-10 mm in diameter, globose to depressed globose, green to white when immature, purple at maturity, glabrous, lacking sclerotic granules. Seeds ca. 100 per fruit, 1-1.5
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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1-1.25 mm, flattened, slightly curved, triangular to depressed-ovate in outline, yellow, the surface reticulum with tight, minute serpentine pattern with shallow luminae.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="chromosome number">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Chromosome number.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Unknown.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution and habitat.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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Mexico (Oaxaca, Veracruz), in tropical moist forest and cloud forest, sometimes in sandy soil or on limestone, often in disturbed areas, such as secondary forest or coffee plantations, 450-1300 m in elevation (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Map of geographic distribution of L. anomala based on herbarium specimen data." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.168.51904.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/480023" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">11</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<caption doi="10.3897/phytokeys.168.51904.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/480023" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 11" startId="F11">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 11.</emphasis>
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Map of geographic distribution of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="L. anomala" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="anomala">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">L. anomala</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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based on herbarium specimen data.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="common names and uses">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Common names and uses.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">None known.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="phenology">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Phenology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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Flowering specimens have been collected June through November. Specimens with immature fruits have been collected June through March. Specimens with mature fruits have been collected June through February. Possibly flowering and fruiting throughout the year in some locations. The diurnal movements of the corolla of this species are unknown, but it has been noted that the flowers are sometimes open at midday (
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<bibRefCitation author="Nee, M" journalOrPublisher="Nature" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B78" refString="Nee, M, 1986. Lycianthes. In: Gomez-Pompa A, Moreno NP, Nevling Jr LI, Nee M, Sosa V, Ludlow-Wiechers B, Cabrera-Rodriguez L (Eds) Flora of Veracruz 49. Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones sobre Recursos Bioticos, Xalapa, Veracruz, 85-110." title="Lycianthes. In: Gomez-Pompa A, Moreno NP, Nevling Jr LI, Nee M, Sosa V, Ludlow-Wiechers B, Cabrera-Rodriguez L (Eds) Flora of Veracruz 49. Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones sobre Recursos Bioticos, Xalapa, Veracruz, 85 - 110." year="1986">Nee 1986</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="preliminary conservation status">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Preliminary conservation status.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Lycianthes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Lycianthes anomala" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="anomala">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Lycianthes anomala</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is a Mexican endemic, represented by 20 collections, none of which are in protected areas. The EOO is 7,552.355 km2, and the AOO is 80 km2. Based on the
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<bibRefCitation author="IUCN" journalOrPublisher="The Linnean Society of London, Academic Press, London" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" publicationUrl="http://jr.iucnredlist.org/documents/redlistGuidelines" refId="B67" refString="IUCN, 2019. Guidelines for using the IUCN red list categories and criteria. version 12. Prepared by the Standards and Petitions Subcommittee in February 2019. http://jr.iucnredlist.org/documents/redlistGuidelines" title="Guidelines for using the IUCN red list categories and criteria. version 12. Prepared by the Standards and Petitions Subcommittee in February 2019." url="http://jr.iucnredlist.org/documents/redlistGuidelines" year="2019">IUCN (2019)</bibRefCitation>
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criteria, the preliminary assessment category is Endangered (EN).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="discussion">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Discussion.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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This species is similar to the Central American species
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<taxonomicName lsidName="L. synanthera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="synanthera">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">L. synanthera</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in having pale woody stems with petioles that darken upon drying, tufts of trichomes in the vein axils of the abaxial side of the leaf, and fused anthers that dehisce by slits formed between adjacent thecae. It differs from that species in having connate, reflexed appendages on the calyx (versus no appendages in
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<taxonomicName lsidName="L. synanthera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="synanthera">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">L. synanthera</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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) and purple fruits (versus yellow/orange fruits in
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<taxonomicName lsidName="L. synanthera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="synanthera">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">L. synanthera</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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).
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<bibRefCitation author="Reyes-Cornejo, M" journalOrPublisher="Brittonia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B83" refString="Reyes-Cornejo, M, 2015. Sistematica de Lycianthes seccion Synantheroides (Solanaceae). M.S. Tesis, Posgrado en Ciencias Biologicas, Instituto de Biologia, Sistematica, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Mexico." title="Sistematica de Lycianthes seccion Synantheroides (Solanaceae). M. S. Tesis, Posgrado en Ciencias Biologicas, Instituto de Biologia, Sistematica, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Mexico." year="2015">Reyes-Cornejo (2015)</bibRefCitation>
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indicated that this species is also found in Central America, and we have studied specimens from Costa Rica and Panama that resemble
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<taxonomicName lsidName="L. synanthera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="synanthera">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">L. synanthera</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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but have calyx appendages. These specimens need further study.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Representative specimens examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Mexico</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Oaxaca</emphasis>
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: Santa
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<normalizedToken originalValue="María">Maria</normalizedToken>
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Tlalixtac, orillas del
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Cóndor">Condor</normalizedToken>
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, brecha entre Santa
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<normalizedToken originalValue="María">Maria</normalizedToken>
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Tlalixtac y
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Chiquihuitlán">Chiquihuitlan</normalizedToken>
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de Benito
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Juárez">Juarez</normalizedToken>
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, [
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<geoCoordinate degrees="17.9541" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="17.9541">17.9541</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="96.7179" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-96.7179">-96.7179</geoCoordinate>
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], 675 m, 25 Nov 2004,
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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G.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Juárez-García">Juarez-Garcia</normalizedToken>
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877
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</emphasis>
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(MEXU).
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Veracruz</emphasis>
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: Ladera de cerro al E de Coetzala,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="18.7806" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="18.7806">18.7806</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="96.9144" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-96.9144">-96.9144</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 650 m, 11 Nov 2001,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
A.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Rincón">Rincon</normalizedToken>
|
||
G. 2811
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(IEB, MEXU, XAL).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |