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<document id="0EB811C12418E9671CEB54C96A80F100" ID-DOI="10.37828/em.2019.26.3" ID-ISSN="2336-9744" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13355630" ID-ZooBank="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:86F17262-17A8-40FF-88B9-2D4552A92F12" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="guilherme" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="guilherme" checkinTime="1720662477596" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Volynkin, Anton V., Huang, Si-Yao &amp; Ivanova, Maria S." docDate="2019" docId="03A2A079552E805180664332A61F1460" docLanguage="en" docName="EcolMontenegrina.26.14-92.pdf" docOrigin="Ecologica Montenegrina 26" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.37828/em.2019.26.3" docStyle="DocumentStyle:3485E46B0EDC64DBF2992EDE30BFB5AE.3:EcolMontenegrina.2017-.journal_article" docStyleId="3485E46B0EDC64DBF2992EDE30BFB5AE" docStyleName="EcolMontenegrina.2017-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Melanaema Butler 1877" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="37" masterDocId="FF9BD80155398046823D4076A72A127E" masterDocTitle="An overview of genera and subgenera of the Asura / Miltochrista generic complex (Lepidoptera, Erebidae, Arctiinae). Part 1. Barsine Walker, 1854 sensu lato, Asura Walker, 1854 and related genera, with descriptions of twenty new genera, ten new subgenera and a check list of taxa of the Asura / Miltochrista generic complex" masterLastPageNumber="92" masterPageNumber="14" pageNumber="37" updateTime="1724250067962" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="AB9B79525B110C59FCC04926138F870C">An overview of genera and subgenera of the Asura / Miltochrista generic complex (Lepidoptera, Erebidae, Arctiinae). Part 1. Barsine Walker, 1854 sensu lato, Asura Walker, 1854 and related genera, with descriptions of twenty new genera, ten new subgenera and a check list of taxa of the Asura / Miltochrista generic complex</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="6475F09F905D86F5D6169B33D8D674A4">Volynkin, Anton V.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="45991CC7656C93D0442CF63F6C5BC3C8">Altai State University, Lenina Avenue, 61, RF- 656049, Barnaul, Russia &amp; National Research Tomsk State University, Lenina Avenue, 36, RF- 634050, Tomsk, Russia</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="3B4BC64E50527630C770883E0FF71B11">Huang, Si-Yao</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="42836A0C1CAF6B92593DBB57319C27FF">Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China * Corresponding author. E-mail: volynkin _ a @ mail. ru</mods:affiliation>
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<treatment id="03A2A079552E805180664332A61F1460" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12717790" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12717790" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A2A079552E805180664332A61F1460" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A2A079552E805180664332A61F1460" lastPageNumber="37" pageId="23" pageNumber="37">
<subSubSection id="C31142E4552E805180664332A4FD1121" box="[603,983,836,863]" pageId="23" pageNumber="37" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BB4116F552E805180664332A4FD1121" blockId="23.[603,983,836,897]" box="[603,983,836,863]" pageId="23" pageNumber="37">
<heading id="D0FCA603552E805180664332A4FD1121" box="[603,983,836,863]" centered="true" fontSize="36" level="2" pageId="23" pageNumber="37" reason="4">
Genus
<taxonomicName id="4C0B6AEC552E805180934333A4FD1121" ID-CoL="93NWH" authority="Butler, 1877" authorityName="Butler" authorityYear="1877" box="[686,983,836,863]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Melanaema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97FCD7D552E805180934333A4141121" bold="true" box="[686,830,837,863]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="37">Melanaema</emphasis>
Butler, 1877
</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C31142E4552E805180AE4310A53F11A1" pageId="23" pageNumber="37" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BB4116F552E805180AE4310A48A11FF" blockId="23.[603,983,836,897]" box="[659,928,870,897]" pageId="23" pageNumber="37">
(
<figureCitation id="13300DEA552E805180A14310A40911FF" box="[668,803,870,897]" captionStart="Figures 6481" captionStartId="14.[151,236,1965,1989]" captionTargetBox="[152,1434,189,1911]" captionTargetId="figure-19@14.[151,1436,189,1928]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figures 6481. Type species of genera and subgenera of the Asura / Miltochrista generic complex: adults. Depositories of specimens: 64, 65 CAV; 66, 68, 69, 7881 NHMUK; 67, 73, 75 CKC; 70, 74, 76 MWM/ZSM; 71, 72, 77 ZMB." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13355640" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13355640/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="37">Figs 64, 65</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13300DEA552E805181124310A47411FF" box="[815,862,870,897]" captionStart="Figures 136139" captionStartId="34.[151,236,1999,2023]" captionTargetBox="[151,1431,253,1918]" captionTargetId="figure-19@34.[151,1436,250,1931]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="Figures 136139. Type species of genera of the Asura / Miltochrista generic complex: male genitalia." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13355660" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13355660/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="37">137</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13300DEA552E805181574310A4BD11FF" box="[874,919,870,897]" captionStart="Figures 190197" captionStartId="45.[151,236,1815,1839]" captionTargetBox="[155,1434,301,1733]" captionTargetId="figure-19@45.[151,1436,290,1748]" captionTargetPageId="45" captionText="Figures 190197. Type species of genera and subgenera of the Asura / Miltochrista generic complex: female genitalia." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13355682" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13355682/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="37">192</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB4116F552E8051828043DFA53F11A1" blockId="23.[151,1436,937,991]" pageId="23" pageNumber="37">
<taxonomicName id="4C0B6AEC552E8051828043DFA6E111BF" authority="Butler, 1877" authorityName="Butler" authorityYear="1877" box="[189,459,937,961]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Melanaema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97FCD7D552E8051828043DFA61111BF" box="[189,315,937,961]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="37">Melanaema</emphasis>
Butler, 1877
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="B97FCD7D552E805183EA43DFA49811BF" box="[471,946,937,961]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="37">The Annals and magazine of natural history</emphasis>
(4)
<emphasis id="B97FCD7D552E805181DD43DFA4D111BF" bold="true" box="[992,1019,937,961]" pageId="23" pageNumber="37">20</emphasis>
(119): 397 (
<typeStatus id="54B0AFCD552E805186B943DCA39011BC" box="[1156,1210,938,962]" pageId="23" pageNumber="37">Type</typeStatus>
species:
<taxonomicName id="4C0B6AEC552E8051872343DFA64711A1" authority="Butler, 1877" authorityName="Butler" authorityYear="1877" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Melanaema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="venata">
<emphasis id="B97FCD7D552E8051872343DFA7F411A1" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="37">Melanaema venata</emphasis>
Butler, 1877
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, by monotypy).
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C31142E4552E80518280447FA31A170B" pageId="23" pageNumber="37" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BB4116F552E80518280447FA31A170B" blockId="23.[151,1436,1033,1566]" pageId="23" pageNumber="37">
<emphasis id="B97FCD7D552E80518280447FA617165D" bold="true" box="[189,317,1033,1059]" pageId="23" pageNumber="37">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Medium-sized moths with reddish and yellowish wing colouration and reduced pattern consisting of a blackish suffusion on veins only. Male antennae are bipectinate; female antennae are ciliate. The male genitalia resemble those of
<taxonomicName id="4C0B6AEC552E805180BE443AA5DE1619" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1855" box="[643,756,1100,1127]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Ammatho" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97FCD7D552E805180BE443AA5DE1619" box="[643,756,1100,1127]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="37">Ammatho</emphasis>
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due to the well-developed distal costal and saccular processes, distal lobe of valva and the presence of numerous short cornuti in aedeagus vesica, but differ clearly by the absence of a medial costal process and the presence of the medial saccular process (in
<taxonomicName id="4C0B6AEC552E805182AA44C7A62216B2" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1855" box="[151,264,1201,1228]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Ammatho" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97FCD7D552E805182AA44C7A62216B2" box="[151,264,1201,1228]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="37">Ammatho</emphasis>
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that is present in the subgenus
<taxonomicName id="4C0B6AEC552E805180AF44C4A40D16B2" box="[658,807,1202,1228]" pageId="23" pageNumber="37" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Conicornuta">
<emphasis id="B97FCD7D552E805180AF44C4A40D16B2" box="[658,807,1202,1228]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="37">Conicornuta</emphasis>
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only, but in the latter it is very short). The female genitalia are characterised by the following features: (1) the antrum having two large lateral lobes separated by a deep and narrow medial ventral concavity (similar to that of
<taxonomicName id="4C0B6AEC552E805181824480A3691771" authorityName="Volynkin &amp; Huang" authorityYear="2019" box="[959,1091,1270,1295]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Moorasura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97FCD7D552E805181824480A3691771" box="[959,1091,1270,1295]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="37">Moorasura</emphasis>
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); (2) the narrowed posterior section of corpus bursae having two sclerotised and serrulate areas protruding to the basal section of appendix bursae; (3) the elliptical anterior section of corpus bursae bearing weak spinulose scobination and a round signum; (4) the large membranous appendix bursae directed posteriorly.
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C31142E4552E80518280450AA61F1460" pageId="23" pageNumber="37" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BB4116F552E80518280450AA6C017C7" blockId="23.[151,1436,1033,1566]" pageId="23" pageNumber="37">
<emphasis id="B97FCD7D552E80518280450AA67717E8" bold="true" box="[189,349,1404,1430]" pageId="23" pageNumber="37">Distribution.</emphasis>
The
<typeStatus id="54B0AFCD552E8051839F450BA6FE17E9" box="[418,468,1405,1431]" pageId="23" pageNumber="37">type</typeStatus>
species of the genus is distributed in southern
<collectingCountry id="F31C51FF552E80518620450AA34117E9" box="[1053,1131,1404,1431]" name="Russia" pageId="23" pageNumber="37">Russia</collectingCountry>
Far East, eastern
<collectingCountry id="F31C51FF552E80518770450AA2BC17E9" box="[1357,1430,1404,1431]" name="China" pageId="23" pageNumber="37">China</collectingCountry>
, Korean Peninsula and
<collectingCountry id="F31C51FF552E8051839D45E9A6CC17C7" box="[416,486,1439,1465]" name="Japan" pageId="23" pageNumber="37">Japan</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB4116F552E8051828045B6A61F1460" blockId="23.[151,1436,1033,1566]" pageId="23" pageNumber="37">
<emphasis id="B97FCD7D552E8051828045B6A68717A4" bold="true" box="[189,429,1472,1498]" pageId="23" pageNumber="37">Number of species.</emphasis>
Here we consider the genus to be monobasic. New Guinean
<taxonomicName id="4C0B6AEC552E805186B245C9A6791782" authority="Hampson, 1900" authorityName="Hampson" authorityYear="1900" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Melanaema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sanguinea">
<emphasis id="B97FCD7D552E805186B245C9A2B617A7" box="[1167,1436,1471,1498]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="37">Melanaema sanguinea</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A6C9E552E805182AA4594A6791782" author="Hampson, G. F." box="[151,339,1505,1532]" pageId="23" pageNumber="37" pagination="1 - 590" refId="ref31860" refString="Hampson, G. F. (1900) Catalogue of the Arctiadae (Nolinae, Lithosianae) in the British Museum. Catalogue of the Lepidoptera Phalaenae in the British Museum, 2, 1 - 590." type="journal article" year="1900">Hampson, 1900</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
is obviously not congeneric with
<taxonomicName id="4C0B6AEC552E805180D04595A44E1782" authorityName="Butler" authorityYear="1877" box="[749,868,1507,1532]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Melanaema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="venata">
<emphasis id="B97FCD7D552E805180D04595A44E1782" box="[749,868,1507,1532]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="37">M. venata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and is provisionally placed here into the genus
<taxonomicName id="4C0B6AEC552E805182AA4675A6041460" authorityName="Volynkin &amp; Huang" authorityYear="2019" box="[151,302,1539,1566]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Integrivalvia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97FCD7D552E805182AA4675A6041460" box="[151,302,1539,1566]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="37">Integrivalvia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
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