1526 lines
184 KiB
XML
1526 lines
184 KiB
XML
<document id="D542148EDB86233B014439F3300F6BD3" ID-CLB-Dataset="7697" ID-DOI="10.1093/mspecies/sey009" ID-GBIF-Dataset="0e3530b5-12ea-45f1-a3a3-8b4a38d33ccb" ID-ISSN="1545-1410" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4573517" ID-ZooBank="6F53C299-1C40-40C9-90C5-A8A6A3CDC830" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1614694971670" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Torres-Flores, José Williams & López-Wilchis, Ricardo" docDate="2018" docId="B95187B24B0FFFECE59BFC21FEC9FBAE" docLanguage="en" docName="MammalSpecies.50.961.59-66.pdf" docOrigin="Mammalian Species 50 (961)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mspecies/sey009" docStyle="DocumentStyle:E260F2FEBB038053A7447521347BED36.4:MammalSpecies.2016-.journal_article" docStyleId="E260F2FEBB038053A7447521347BED36" docStyleName="MammalSpecies.2016-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Microtus quasiater" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="65" masterDocId="4568FFCA4B0FFFEAE563FFF8FFF6FFB0" masterDocTitle="Microtus quasiater (Rodentia: Cricetidae)" masterLastPageNumber="66" masterPageNumber="59" pageNumber="59" updateTime="1698931806189" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:mods id="B93D1966F1885030B00281CEA6498A7A" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="74208EA0F244ACA0A42C3AFF07EF50AE">
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<mods:title id="920540D076687200960B36560C6973C7">Microtus quasiater (Rodentia: Cricetidae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="6A03C5995AE2EAA5753DEEAFC54FBC2B" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="D018CA992897A05CA04C641530AB5169">Torres-Flores, José Williams</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="3EF39DECC8F0585761CCEEDF5D02696B">Departamento de Biología, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Av. San Rafael Atlixco No. 186, Col. Vicentina 09340, Ciudad de México, México;</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="881BE5249DCA4E18F257FACDD655E3EE" type="email">bravadotf@yahoo.com.mx</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="8BEB7B789D60AE769ABD75A5248C5AB0">López-Wilchis, Ricardo</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="02AFA9D991F5FE4F863218BF232D5F17">Departamento de Biología, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Av. San Rafael Atlixco No. 186, Col. Vicentina 09340, Ciudad de México, México</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="CEF2131B43AEBD9E2EB13E2A46A563F9" type="email">rlw@xanum.uam.mx</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:titleInfo id="F19DB45AB99CD8F4F53DFBC1FD0F48D8">
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<mods:title id="46F065F6B29EBCEC700A00528CCA099D">Mammalian Species</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="16BEEFD876ED19653BE3FF445A579920">
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<mods:date id="F0C3C9C7CA3D4834D06C3A417D7B8F68">2018</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="AAD9BB7C40EF10CE2B2846C3BE687E31">2018-08-22</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="AED9156FB39E7F8189E413654E16F878" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="01662CEB59ECC67036532B1CA63889C6">50</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail id="6868AF83D7E66C5C7AB4F1CE47CFAB9C" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="84CFD43F98CE35C2324C5E55484EA68E">961</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="B049BD27FDC48CD114FCEA84757C5CF2">http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mspecies/sey009</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="802F10620D431F9353DEF2C191EC16C4">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="EF810B337002287C438E182FF3692B3B" type="CLB-Dataset">7697</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="576A75EA07C82C8E962CCC7ABD1A9D7D" type="DOI">10.1093/mspecies/sey009</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="B95187B24B0FFFECE59BFC21FEC9FBAE" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4615623" ID-GBIF-Taxon="180586793" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4615623" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B95187B24B0FFFECE59BFC21FEC9FBAE" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/B95187B24B0FFFECE59BFC21FEC9FBAE" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="65" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">
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<subSubSection id="79E2652F4B0FFFEAE59BFC21FD78FC43" box="[248,654,985,1011]" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="314736A44B0FFFEAE59BFC21FD78FC43" blockId="0.[248,654,985,1011]" box="[248,654,985,1011]" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">
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<heading id="6A0F81C84B0FFFEAE59BFC21FD78FC43" box="[248,654,985,1011]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="F6F84D274B0FFFEAE59BFC21FD78FC43" authority="(Coues, 1874)" baseAuthorityName="Coues" baseAuthorityYear="1874" box="[248,654,985,1011]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="quasiater">
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0FFFEAE59BFC21FD78FC43" bold="true" box="[248,654,985,1011]" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0FFFEAE59BFC21FE2AFC43" bold="true" box="[248,476,985,1011]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">Microtus quasiater</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="55694B554B0FFFEAE48DFC21FD72FC43" author="COUES, E." box="[494,644,985,1011]" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" pagination="173 - 196" refId="ref7029" refString="COUES, E. 1874. Synopsis of the Muridae of North America. Proceedings of Academy National Sciences of Philadelphia 3: 173 - 196." type="journal article" year="1874">Coues, 1874</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="79E2652F4B0FFFEAE50EFBE4FE63F9A3" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" type="reference_group">
|
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<paragraph id="314736A44B0FFFEAE50EFBE4FD22FBE3" blockId="0.[109,793,1052,1555]" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="11E8118A4B0FFFEAE50EFBE4FD22FBE3" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="B05910B54B0FFFEAE50EFBE4FCE2FB83" author="COUES, E." box="[109,788,1052,1075]" page="191" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" year="1874">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F6F84D274B0FFFEAE50EFBE4FCE2FB83" authority="Coues, 1874: 191" authorityName="Coues" authorityPageNumber="191" authorityYear="1874" box="[109,788,1052,1075]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Arvicola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="variety" species="pinetorum" subGenus="Pitymys" variety="quasiater">
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0FFFEAE50EFBE4FF3FFB83" box="[109,201,1052,1075]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">Arvicola</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0FFFEAE5B9FBE4FED8FB83" box="[218,302,1052,1075]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">Pitymys</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0FFFEAE423FBE4FE58FB83" box="[320,430,1052,1075]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">pinetorum</emphasis>
|
||
var.
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0FFFEAE484FBE4FDBAFB83" box="[487,588,1052,1075]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">quasiater</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="55694B554B0FFFEAE731FBE4FCE2FB83" author="COUES, E." box="[594,788,1052,1075]" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" pagination="173 - 196" refId="ref7029" refString="COUES, E. 1874. Synopsis of the Muridae of North America. Proceedings of Academy National Sciences of Philadelphia 3: 173 - 196." type="journal article" year="1874">Coues, 1874: 191</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<typeStatus id="EE4388064B0FFFEAE5FCFBC4FF22FBE3" box="[159,212,1084,1107]" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality:
|
||
<quote id="4307C1B64B0FFFEAE45BFBC4FD22FBE3" box="[312,724,1084,1107]" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">
|
||
“Xalapa (=Jalapa),
|
||
<collectingRegion id="F33CF8464B0FFFEAE765FBC4FD9EFBE3" box="[518,616,1084,1107]" country="Mexico" name="Veracruz de Ignacio de la Llave" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">Veracruz</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="49EF76344B0FFFEAE711FBC4FD31FBE3" box="[626,711,1084,1107]" name="Mexico" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
.”
|
||
</quote>
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="314736A44B0FFFEAE50EFBA4FEDCFB23" blockId="0.[109,793,1052,1555]" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F6F84D274B0FFFEAE50EFBA4FD4CFBC3" authority=": Coues, 1877: 226" authorityName="Coues" authorityPageNumber="226" authorityYear="1877" box="[109,698,1116,1139]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Arvicola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="quasiater" subGenus="Pitymys">
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0FFFEAE50EFBA4FF3FFBC3" box="[109,201,1116,1139]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">Arvicola</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0FFFEAE58EFBA4FEB7FBC3" box="[237,321,1116,1139]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">Pitymys</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0FFFEAE405FBA4FE3DFBC3" box="[358,459,1116,1139]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">quasiater</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="55694B554B0FFFEAE48EFBA4FD4CFBC3" author="COUES, E." box="[493,698,1116,1139]" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" refId="ref7056" refString="COUES, E. 1877. Family Muridae. Pp. 1 - 264 in Monographs of North American Rodentia (E. Coues and J. A. Allen, eds.). Report of United States Geological Survey of the Territories, Vol. XI: 1 - 1091. Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C." type="book" year="1877">Coues, 1877:226</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Name combination.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="314736A44B0FFFEAE50EFB64FD30FB03" blockId="0.[109,793,1052,1555]" box="[109,710,1180,1203]" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F6F84D274B0FFFEAE50EFB64FE1FFB03" authority=": True, 1885: 596" authorityName="True" authorityPageNumber="596" authorityYear="1885" box="[109,489,1180,1203]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Arvicola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="quasiater">
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0FFFEAE50EFB64FEC3FB03" box="[109,309,1180,1203]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">Arvicola quasiater</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="55694B554B0FFFEAE421FB64FE1FFB03" author="TRUE, F. W." box="[322,489,1180,1203]" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" pagination="587 - 610" refId="ref9083" refString="TRUE, F. W. 1885. A provisional list of the mammals of North and Central America and the West Indian Islands. Proceedings of the United States National Museum VII: 587 - 610." type="journal article" year="1885">True, 1885:596</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Name combination.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="314736A44B0FFFEAE50EFB44FE6DFB43" blockId="0.[109,793,1052,1555]" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0FFFEAE50EFB44FF75FB63" box="[109,131,1212,1235]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">M</emphasis>
|
||
[
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0FFFEAE5EFFB44FF23FB63" box="[140,213,1212,1235]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">icrotus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F6F84D274B0FFFEAE584FB44FECDFB63" baseAuthorityName="Musser and Carleton" baseAuthorityYear="2005" box="[231,315,1212,1235]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Pitymys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0FFFEAE584FB44FECDFB63" box="[231,315,1212,1235]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">Pitymys</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
)].
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F6F84D274B0FFFEAE43EFB44FDAEFB63" authority=": Miller, 1896" authorityName="Miller" authorityYear="1896" box="[349,600,1212,1235]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Arvicola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="quasiater">
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0FFFEAE43EFB44FE34FB63" box="[349,450,1212,1235]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">quasiater</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="55694B554B0FFFEAE4B1FB44FDAEFB63" author="MILLER, G. S., Jr." box="[466,600,1212,1235]" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" pagination="1 - 84" refId="ref8315" refString="MILLER, G. S., Jr. 1896. The genera and subgenera of voles and lemmings. North American Fauna 12: 1 - 84." type="journal article" year="1896">Miller, 1896</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. First use of current name combination.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="314736A44B0FFFEAE50EFB04FEDCFA83" blockId="0.[109,793,1052,1555]" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F6F84D274B0FFFEAE50EFB04FD32FAA3" authority=": Allen and Chapman, 1897: 207" authorityName=": Allen and Chapman" authorityPageNumber="207" authorityYear="1897" box="[109,708,1276,1299]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="quasiater">
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0FFFEAE50EFB04FEB5FAA3" box="[109,323,1276,1299]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">Microtus quasiater</emphasis>
|
||
: Allen and Chapman, 1897:207
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Name combination.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="314736A44B0FFFEAE50EFAC4FD39FAE3" blockId="0.[109,793,1052,1555]" box="[109,719,1340,1363]" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F6F84D274B0FFFEAE50EFAC4FE04FAE3" authority=": Miller, 1912: 229" authorityName=": Miller" authorityPageNumber="229" authorityYear="1912" box="[109,498,1340,1363]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Pitymys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="quasiater">
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0FFFEAE50EFAC4FEDBFAE3" box="[109,301,1340,1363]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">Pitymys quasiater</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="55694B554B0FFFEAE458FAC4FE04FAE3" author="MILLER, G. S., Jr." box="[315,498,1340,1363]" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" pagination="1 - 455" refId="ref8344" refString="MILLER, G. S., Jr. 1912. List of North American land mammals in the United States National Museum, 1911. Bulletin United States National Museum, Smithsonian Institution 79: 1 - 455." type="journal article" year="1912">Miller, 1912:229</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Name combination.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="314736A44B0FFFEAE50EFAA4FE02FA03" blockId="0.[109,793,1052,1555]" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F6F84D274B0FFFEAE50EFAA4FDF4FAC3" authority="Baker" authorityName="Baker" box="[109,514,1372,1395]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="quasiatur" subGenus="Pitymys">
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0FFFEAE50EFAA4FF3AFAC3" box="[109,204,1372,1395]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">Microtus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0FFFEAE580FAA4FEC1FAC3" box="[227,311,1372,1395]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">Pitymys</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0FFFEAE42DFAA4FE42FAC3" box="[334,436,1372,1395]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">quasiatur</emphasis>
|
||
Baker
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and Villa-R., 1953:149. Incorrect subsequent spelling of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F6F84D274B0FFFEAE49FFA84FE1BFA03" authority="Coues, 1874" authorityName="Coues" authorityYear="1874" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Arvicola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="variety" species="pinetorum" subGenus="Pitymys" variety="quasiater">
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0FFFEAE49FFA84FDAEFA23" box="[508,600,1404,1427]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">Arvicola</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0FFFEAE70BFA84FD4AFA23" box="[616,700,1404,1427]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">Pitymys</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0FFFEAE7AFFA84FF3EFA03" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">pinetorum</emphasis>
|
||
var.
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0FFFEAE59FFA64FE97FA03" box="[252,353,1436,1459]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">quasiater</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="55694B554B0FFFEAE40BFA64FE1BFA03" author="COUES, E." box="[360,493,1436,1459]" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" pagination="173 - 196" refId="ref7029" refString="COUES, E. 1874. Synopsis of the Muridae of North America. Proceedings of Academy National Sciences of Philadelphia 3: 173 - 196." type="journal article" year="1874">Coues, 1874</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="6587662C4B0FFFEAE62BFA7BFAB1FA06" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4573519" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4573519" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4573519/files/figure.png" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" startId="0.[840,875,1411,1432]" targetBox="[869,1493,985,1398]" targetPageId="0">
|
||
<paragraph id="314736A44B0FFFEAE62BFA7BFAB1FA06" blockId="0.[838,1523,1411,1462]" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0FFFEAE62BFA7BFC74FA28" bold="true" box="[840,898,1411,1432]" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">Fig.1.</emphasis>
|
||
—An adult
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F6F84D274B0FFFEAE68DFA7BFB55FA28" authorityName=": Allen and Chapman" authorityYear="1897" box="[1006,1187,1411,1432]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="quasiater">
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0FFFEAE68DFA7BFB55FA28" box="[1006,1187,1411,1432]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">Microtus quasiater</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Hidalgo, México.Photograph by Gerardo Ceballos/Banco de imágenes CONABIO.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="314736A44B0FFFEAE50EFA44FE63F9A3" blockId="0.[109,793,1052,1555]" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0FFFEAE50EFA44FF75FA63" box="[109,131,1468,1491]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">M</emphasis>
|
||
[
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0FFFEAE5EFFA44FF23FA63" box="[140,213,1468,1491]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">icrotus</emphasis>
|
||
]. (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F6F84D274B0FFFEAE594FA44FEBDFA63" baseAuthorityName="Musser and Carleton" baseAuthorityYear="2005" box="[247,331,1468,1491]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Pitymys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0FFFEAE594FA44FEBDFA63" box="[247,331,1468,1491]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">Pitymys</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0FFFEAE43EFA44FE35FA63" box="[349,451,1468,1491]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">quasiator</emphasis>
|
||
Anderson, 1960:190. Incorrect subsequent spelling of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F6F84D274B0FFFEAE4C3FA24FE78F9A3" authority="Coues, 1874" authorityName="Coues" authorityYear="1874" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Arvicola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="variety" species="pinetorum" subGenus="Pitymys" variety="quasiater">
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0FFFEAE4C3FA24FE0AFA43" box="[416,508,1500,1523]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">Arvicola</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0FFFEAE773FA24FD92FA43" box="[528,612,1500,1523]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">Pitymys</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0FFFEAE71AFA24FD11FA43" box="[633,743,1500,1523]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">pinetorum</emphasis>
|
||
var.
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0FFFEAE5FEFA04FEF4F9A3" box="[157,258,1532,1555]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">quasiater</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="55694B554B0FFFEAE46AFA04FE78F9A3" author="COUES, E." box="[265,398,1532,1555]" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" pagination="173 - 196" refId="ref7029" refString="COUES, E. 1874. Synopsis of the Muridae of North America. Proceedings of Academy National Sciences of Philadelphia 3: 173 - 196." type="journal article" year="1874">Coues, 1874</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="79E2652F4B0FFFEBE50EF9C2FDFCFCF2" lastPageId="1" lastPageNumber="60" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="314736A44B0FFFEAE50EF9C2FF1BF961" blockId="0.[107,792,1594,1745]" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">
|
||
CONTEXT AND CONTENT. Order
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F6F84D274B0FFFEAE4DEF9C2FDD6F9E1" box="[445,544,1594,1617]" class="Mammalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">Rodentia</taxonomicName>
|
||
, suborder
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F6F84D274B0FFFEAE7EFF9C2FCE5F9E1" authorityName="Brandt" authorityYear="1855" box="[652,787,1594,1617]" class="Mammalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="subOrder" subOrder="Myomorpha">Myomorpha</taxonomicName>
|
||
, superfamily
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F6F84D274B0FFFEAE593F9A2FEACF9C1" box="[240,346,1626,1649]" class="Mammalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="superFamily" superFamily="Muroidea">Muroidea</taxonomicName>
|
||
, family
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F6F84D274B0FFFEAE4CFF9A2FDEAF9C1" box="[428,540,1626,1649]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Cricetidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, subfamilyArvicolinae, genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F6F84D274B0FFFEAE5D1F982FEE7F921" baseAuthorityName="Lopez-Wilchis and Torres-Flores" baseAuthorityYear="2005" box="[178,273,1658,1681]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0FFFEAE5D1F982FEE7F921" box="[178,273,1658,1681]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">Microtus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, subgenus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F6F84D274B0FFFEAE4E9F982FCE5F921" authority="(Musser and Carleton 2005)" baseAuthorityName="Musser and Carleton" baseAuthorityYear="2005" box="[394,787,1658,1681]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Pitymys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0FFFEAE4E9F982FE28F921" box="[394,478,1658,1681]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">Pitymys</emphasis>
|
||
(Musser and Carleton 2005)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F6F84D274B0FFFEAE50EF962FEB6F901" authorityName=": Allen and Chapman" authorityYear="1897" box="[109,320,1690,1713]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="quasiater">
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0FFFEAE50EF962FEB6F901" box="[109,320,1690,1713]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">Microtus quasiater</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a monotypic species (Ramírez-Pulido et al. 2005).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="314736A44B0FFFEAE50EF902FCEEF881" blockId="0.[109,792,1786,1841]" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">
|
||
NOMENCLATURAL NOTES. Originally,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F6F84D274B0FFFEAE76EF902FD16F8A1" authorityName=": Allen and Chapman" authorityYear="1897" box="[525,736,1786,1809]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="quasiater">
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0FFFEAE76EF902FD16F8A1" box="[525,736,1786,1809]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">Microtus quasiater</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was recognized as a subspecies of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F6F84D274B0FFFEAE4B0F8E2FCE4F881" authority="(Coues 1874)" baseAuthorityName="Coues" baseAuthorityYear="1874" box="[467,786,1818,1841]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Arvicola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pinetorum">
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0FFFEAE4B0F8E2FD9AF881" box="[467,620,1818,1841]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">M. pinetorum</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="55694B554B0FFFEAE7E1F8E2FCFEF881" author="COUES, E." box="[642,776,1818,1841]" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" pagination="173 - 196" refId="ref7029" refString="COUES, E. 1874. Synopsis of the Muridae of North America. Proceedings of Academy National Sciences of Philadelphia 3: 173 - 196." type="journal article" year="1874">Coues 1874</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="314736A44B0FFFEAE62BFA00FA6DF89F" blockId="0.[840,1523,1528,1839]" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">
|
||
but soon its specific status was established (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="55694B554B0FFFEAE04CFA00FA45F9BF" author="BAILEY, V." box="[1327,1459,1528,1551]" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" pagination="1 - 88" refId="ref6428" refString="BAILEY, V. 1900. Revision of American voles of the genus Microtus. North American Fauna 17: 1 - 88." type="journal article" year="1900">Bailey 1900</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Hall and Cockrum 1953;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="55694B554B0FFFEAE152F9E0FB13F99F" author="REPENNING, C. A." box="[1073,1253,1560,1583]" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" pagination="471 - 482" refId="ref8794" refString="REPENNING, C. A. 1983. Pitymys meadensis Hibbard from the Valley of Mexico and the classification of North America species of Pitymys (Rodentia: Cricetidae). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 2: 471 - 482." type="journal article" year="1983">Repenning 1983</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Although its phylogenetic relationships were initially uncertain, it was considered to be closely related to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F6F84D274B0FFFEAE125F9A0FB2EF9DF" baseAuthorityName="Coues" baseAuthorityYear="1874" box="[1094,1240,1624,1647]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Arvicola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pinetorum">
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0FFFEAE125F9A0FB2EF9DF" box="[1094,1240,1624,1647]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">M. pinetorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Hall and Cockrum 1953; Anderson 1960;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="55694B554B0FFFEAE69DF980FB10F93F" author="VAN DER MEULEN, A. J." box="[1022,1254,1656,1679]" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" pagination="101 - 145" refId="ref9155" refString="VAN DER MEULEN, A. J. 1978. Microtus and Pitymys (Arvicolidae) from Cumberland Cave, Maryland, with a comparison of some New and Old World species. Annals of the Carnegie Museum 47: 101 - 145." type="journal article" year="1978">van der Meulen 1978</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Analyses of allozymes and dental characters suggested that it had a closer relationship with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F6F84D274B0FFFEAE6D1F940FBA3F97F" baseAuthorityName="Wagner" baseAuthorityYear="1842" box="[946,1109,1720,1743]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ochrogaster">
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0FFFEAE6D1F940FBA3F97F" box="[946,1109,1720,1743]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">M. ochrogaster</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="55694B554B0FFFEAE107F940FAE2F97F" author="REPENNING, C. A." box="[1124,1300,1720,1743]" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" pagination="471 - 482" refId="ref8794" refString="REPENNING, C. A. 1983. Pitymys meadensis Hibbard from the Valley of Mexico and the classification of North America species of Pitymys (Rodentia: Cricetidae). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 2: 471 - 482." type="journal article" year="1983">Repenning 1983</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Moore and Janecek 1990). More recent phylogenetic analysis using mitochondrial genetic markers has confirmed its closer relationship with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F6F84D274B0FFFEAE62AF8E0FC2CF89F" baseAuthorityName="Coues" baseAuthorityYear="1874" box="[841,986,1816,1839]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Arvicola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pinetorum">
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0FFFEAE62AF8E0FC2CF89F" box="[841,986,1816,1839]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">M. pinetorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="55694B554B0FFFEAE68AF8E0FB59F89F" author="CONROY, C. J. & HORTELANO, F. A. & CERVANTES & AND J. A." box="[1001,1199,1816,1839]" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" pagination="332 - 344" refId="ref6889" refString="CONROY, C. J., Y. HORTELANO, F. A. CERVANTES, AND J. A. COOK. 2001. The phylogenetic position of southern relictual species of Microtus (Muridae: Rodentia) in North America. Mammalian Biology 66: 332 - 344." type="journal article" year="2001">Conroy et al. 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="55694B554B0FFFEAE1DEF8E0FA7DF89F" author="JAAROLAA, M." box="[1213,1419,1816,1839]" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" pagination="647 - 663" refId="ref7838" refString="JAAROLAA, M., ET AL. 2004. Molecular phylogeny of the speciose vole genus Microtus (Arvicolinae, Rodentia) inferred from mitochondrial DNA sequences. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 33: 647 - 663." type="journal article" year="2004">Jaarolaa et al. 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="314736A44B0EFFEBE5FBFF33FDA1FD32" blockId="1.[108,793,203,834]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">
|
||
The status of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F6F84D274B0EFFEBE445FF33FE8CFF52" baseAuthorityName="Musser and Carleton" baseAuthorityYear="2005" box="[294,378,203,226]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Pitymys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0EFFEBE445FF33FE8CFF52" box="[294,378,203,226]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">Pitymys</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is unresolved. Some authors prefer the name
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F6F84D274B0EFFEBE5CDFF13FE99FEB2" authorityName=": Miller" authorityYear="1912" box="[174,367,235,258]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Pitymys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="quasiater">
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0EFFEBE5CDFF13FE99FEB2" box="[174,367,235,258]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">Pitymys quasiater</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="55694B554B0EFFEBE41CFF13FDEBFEB2" author="ELLERMAN, J. R." box="[383,541,235,258]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" refId="ref7141" refString="ELLERMAN, J. R. 1941. The families and genera of living rodents. Vol. 1. Natural History British Museum, London, United Kingdom." type="book" year="1941">Ellerman 1941</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Corbet and Hill 1980;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="55694B554B0EFFEBE50EFEF3FEB4FE92" author="HONACKI, J. H. & K. E. KINMAN & AND J. W." box="[109,322,267,290]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" refId="ref7681" refString="HONACKI, J. H., K. E. KINMAN, AND J. W. KOEPPL. 1982. Mammal species of the world. Allen Press and the Association of Systematics Collections, Lawrence, Kansas." type="book" year="1982">Honacki et al. 1982</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="55694B554B0EFFEBE432FEF3FDF4FE92" author="REPENNING, C. A." box="[337,514,267,290]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" pagination="471 - 482" refId="ref8794" refString="REPENNING, C. A. 1983. Pitymys meadensis Hibbard from the Valley of Mexico and the classification of North America species of Pitymys (Rodentia: Cricetidae). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 2: 471 - 482." type="journal article" year="1983">Repenning 1983</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), but others treat
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F6F84D274B0EFFEBE7A6FEF3FCEFFE92" baseAuthorityName="Musser and Carleton" baseAuthorityYear="2005" box="[709,793,267,290]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Pitymys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0EFFEBE7A6FEF3FCEFFE92" box="[709,793,267,290]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">Pitymys</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as a subgenus of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F6F84D274B0EFFEBE449FED3FE7EFEF2" baseAuthorityName="Lopez-Wilchis and Torres-Flores" baseAuthorityYear="2005" box="[298,392,299,322]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0EFFEBE449FED3FE7EFEF2" box="[298,392,299,322]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">Microtus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, arguing that it does not warrant full generic status (Hooper and Hart 1962;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="55694B554B0EFFEBE740FEB3FCE6FED2" author="VAN DER MEULEN, A. J." box="[547,784,331,354]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" pagination="101 - 145" refId="ref9155" refString="VAN DER MEULEN, A. J. 1978. Microtus and Pitymys (Arvicolidae) from Cumberland Cave, Maryland, with a comparison of some New and Old World species. Annals of the Carnegie Museum 47: 101 - 145." type="journal article" year="1978">van der Meulen 1978</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="55694B554B0EFFEBE50EFE93FF21FE32" author="HALL, E. R." box="[109,215,363,386]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" refId="ref7448" refString="HALL, E. R. 1981. The mammals of North America. Vol. 2, 2 nd ed. John Wiley & Sons, New York." type="book" year="1981">Hall 1981</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In an analysis of the subfamily
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F6F84D274B0EFFEBE75AFE93FD4CFE32" authorityName="J.E.Gray" authorityYear="1821" box="[569,698,363,386]" class="Mammalia" family="Arvicolinae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Arvicolinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F6F84D274B0EFFEBE7A0FE93FCE1FE32" baseAuthorityName="Musser and Carleton" baseAuthorityYear="2005" box="[707,791,363,386]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Pitymys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0EFFEBE7A0FE93FCE1FE32" box="[707,791,363,386]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">Pitymys</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was treated as a subgenus of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F6F84D274B0EFFEBE4C5FE73FDF3FE12" baseAuthorityName="Lopez-Wilchis and Torres-Flores" baseAuthorityYear="2005" box="[422,517,395,418]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0EFFEBE4C5FE73FDF3FE12" box="[422,517,395,418]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">Microtus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but it was recommended that the existing classification not be modified until every species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F6F84D274B0EFFEBE5A3FE33FEE9FE52" baseAuthorityName="Lopez-Wilchis and Torres-Flores" baseAuthorityYear="2005" box="[192,287,459,482]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0EFFEBE5A3FE33FEE9FE52" box="[192,287,459,482]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">Microtus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has been reviewed and phylogenetic relationships among them evaluated (Carleton and Musser 1984). As a result, endemic microtines of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="49EF76344B0EFFEBE4CBFDF3FE0AFD92" box="[424,508,523,546]" name="Mexico" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
, previously included in the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F6F84D274B0EFFEBE5D0FDD3FEF1FDF2" baseAuthorityName="Musser and Carleton" baseAuthorityYear="2005" box="[179,263,555,578]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Pitymys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0EFFEBE5D0FDD3FEF1FDF2" box="[179,263,555,578]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">Pitymys</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, have been reclassified under
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F6F84D274B0EFFEBE72CFDD3FD58FDF2" baseAuthorityName="Lopez-Wilchis and Torres-Flores" baseAuthorityYear="2005" box="[591,686,555,578]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0EFFEBE72CFDD3FD58FDF2" box="[591,686,555,578]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">Microtus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in accord with the Carleton and Musser (1984) classification and the more recent review by Musser and Carleton (2005).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="314736A44B0EFFEBE5FBFD73FDFCFCF2" blockId="1.[108,793,203,834]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">
|
||
The name
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F6F84D274B0EFFEBE470FD73FE84FD12" baseAuthorityName="Lopez-Wilchis and Torres-Flores" baseAuthorityYear="2005" box="[275,370,651,674]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0EFFEBE470FD73FE84FD12" box="[275,370,651,674]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">Microtus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
comes from the Greek words
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0EFFEBE7B7FD73FCE7FD12" box="[724,785,651,674]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">mikro</emphasis>
|
||
, meaning small, and
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0EFFEBE42FFD53FE80FD72" box="[332,374,683,706]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">otus</emphasis>
|
||
, ears (Álvarez-Castañeda and Álvarez 1996). The specific name comes from the Latin words
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0EFFEBE7D8FD33FD02FD52" box="[699,756,715,738]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">quasi</emphasis>
|
||
, as if, or almost, and
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0EFFEBE446FD13FEA6FCB2" box="[293,336,747,770]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">ater</emphasis>
|
||
, black or gloomy, which refer to the darker color of its pelage. Its Spanish vernacular name is “metorito de Jalapa” (Villa-R. and Cervantes 2003).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSection id="58772F4F4B0EFFEBE412FC85FE3BF948" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" type="multiple">
|
||
<subSubSection id="79E2652F4B0EFFEBE412FC85FE3BF948" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="314736A44B0EFFEBE412FC85FDE2FC27" blockId="1.[369,532,893,919]" box="[369,532,893,919]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">
|
||
<heading id="6A0F81C84B0EFFEBE412FC85FDE2FC27" allCaps="true" bold="true" box="[369,532,893,919]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" reason="6">
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0EFFEBE412FC85FDE2FC27" bold="true" box="[369,532,893,919]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">DIAGNOSIS</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="314736A44B0EFFEBE62BFF33FB44FE32" blockId="1.[838,1523,203,546]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">
|
||
The tail is faintly paler below and the ears are small yet evident (Hall and Cockrum 1953;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="55694B554B0EFFEBE1C6FF13FAE4FEB2" author="HALL, E. R." box="[1189,1298,235,258]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" refId="ref7448" refString="HALL, E. R. 1981. The mammals of North America. Vol. 2, 2 nd ed. John Wiley & Sons, New York." type="book" year="1981">Hall 1981</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<figureCitation id="A9C32A214B0EFFEBE047FF13FA93FEB2" box="[1316,1381,235,258]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="0.[840,875,1411,1432]" captionTargetBox="[869,1493,985,1398]" captionTargetId="figure-544@0.[869,1493,985,1398]" captionTargetPageId="0" captionText="Fig.1.—AnadultMicrotus quasiater fromHidalgo,México.Photograph by Gerardo Ceballos/Banco de imágenes CONABIO." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4573519" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4573519/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
). Specimens from
|
||
<collectingRegion id="F33CF8464B0EFFEBE6E1FEF3FC24FE92" box="[898,978,267,290]" country="Mexico" name="Oaxaca" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">Oaxaca</collectingRegion>
|
||
have moderately longer, softer, and thicker pelage, which is Prout’s Brown in dorsal coloration (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="55694B554B0EFFEBE023FED3FA15FEF2" author="GOODWIN, G. G." box="[1344,1507,299,322]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" pagination="1 - 270" refId="ref7411" refString="GOODWIN, G. G. 1969. Mammals from the state of Oaxaca, Mexico, in the American Museum of Natural History. Bulletin of American Museum Natural History 141: 1 - 270." type="journal article" year="1969">Goodwin 1969</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="55694B554B0EFFEBE62BFEB3FC2BFED2" author="BAILEY, V." box="[840,989,331,354]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" pagination="1 - 88" refId="ref6428" refString="BAILEY, V. 1900. Revision of American voles of the genus Microtus. North American Fauna 17: 1 - 88." type="journal article" year="1900">Bailey (1900)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described the ears as large for a
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F6F84D274B0EFFEBE02BFEB3FA6AFED2" baseAuthorityName="Musser and Carleton" baseAuthorityYear="2005" box="[1352,1436,331,354]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Pitymys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0EFFEBE02BFEB3FA6AFED2" box="[1352,1436,331,354]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">Pitymys</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and the tail about as long as the hind foot.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="314736A44B0EFFEBE610FE73FA04FD92" blockId="1.[838,1523,203,546]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">
|
||
The skull (
|
||
<figureCitation id="A9C32A214B0EFFEBE680FE73FBEBFE12" box="[995,1053,395,418]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="1.[841,876,1827,1848]" captionTargetBox="[871,1495,592,1814]" captionTargetId="figure-641@1.[871,1495,592,1814]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Fig. 2.—Dorsal, ventral, and lateral views of skull and lateral view of the mandible of an adult male Microtus quasiater (UAM [Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana] 13540, from 1 km W Naolinco, 1,590 m, México). The greatest length of the skull is 25.44 mm. Photograph by Noé González Ruiz used with permission." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4573523" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4573523/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
) as described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="55694B554B0EFFEBE1B2FE73FA47FE12" author="GOODWIN, G. G." box="[1233,1457,395,418]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" pagination="1 - 270" refId="ref7411" refString="GOODWIN, G. G. 1969. Mammals from the state of Oaxaca, Mexico, in the American Museum of Natural History. Bulletin of American Museum Natural History 141: 1 - 270." type="journal article" year="1969">Goodwin (1969:213)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
based on Oaxacan specimens, “The skull is large and broad; zygomatic arches widely spaced; rostrum short and depressed anteriorly; braincase large and broad; bullae moderately large; anterior palatine foramena short.”
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="55694B554B0EFFEBE120FDF3FB0AFD92" author="BAILEY, V." box="[1091,1276,523,546]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" pagination="1 - 88" refId="ref6428" refString="BAILEY, V. 1900. Revision of American voles of the genus Microtus. North American Fauna 17: 1 - 88." type="journal article" year="1900">Bailey (1900:67)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described the skull as
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="314736A44B0EFFEBE5FBFC39FF0DFA68" blockId="1.[108,794,961,1784]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F6F84D274B0EFFEBE5FBFC39FE92FC68" authorityName=": Allen and Chapman" authorityYear="1897" box="[152,356,961,984]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="quasiater">
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0EFFEBE5FBFC39FE92FC68" box="[152,356,961,984]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">Microtus quasiater</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="A9C32A214B0EFFEBE416FC39FE42FC68" box="[373,436,961,984]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="0.[840,875,1411,1432]" captionTargetBox="[869,1493,985,1398]" captionTargetId="figure-544@0.[869,1493,985,1398]" captionTargetPageId="0" captionText="Fig.1.—AnadultMicrotus quasiater fromHidalgo,México.Photograph by Gerardo Ceballos/Banco de imágenes CONABIO." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4573519" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4573519/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
) is easily distinguished from the Mexican vole
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F6F84D274B0EFFEBE469FC19FE6BFC48" baseAuthorityName="Saussure" baseAuthorityYear="1861" box="[266,413,993,1016]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mexicanus">
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0EFFEBE469FC19FE6BFC48" box="[266,413,993,1016]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">M. mexicanus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the only other microtine recorded in sympatry, by a combination of morphological characters.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F6F84D274B0EFFEBE50EFBD9FF0CFB88" authorityName=": Allen and Chapman" authorityYear="1897" box="[109,250,1057,1080]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="quasiater">
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0EFFEBE50EFBD9FF0CFB88" box="[109,250,1057,1080]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">M. quasiater</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is usually smaller in body size (total length
|
||
<quantity id="F6009B414B0EFFEBE780FBD9FF38FBE8" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.265" metricValueMax="1.43" metricValueMin="1.1" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" unit="mm" value="126.5" valueMax="143.0" valueMin="110.0">110– 143 mm</quantity>
|
||
), has a much shorter tail (
|
||
<quantity id="F6009B414B0EFFEBE762FBB9FD8BFBE8" box="[513,637,1089,1112]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.15" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="1.3" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" unit="mm" value="21.5" valueMax="30.0" valueMin="13.0">13–30 mm</quantity>
|
||
), and slightly smaller length of hind foot (
|
||
<quantity id="F6009B414B0EFFEBE4FBFB99FDFBFBC8" box="[408,525,1121,1144]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.75" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" unit="mm" value="17.5" valueMax="20.0" valueMin="15.0">15–20 mm</quantity>
|
||
) compared with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F6F84D274B0EFFEBE7A2FB99FF45FB28" baseAuthorityName="Saussure" baseAuthorityYear="1861" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mexicanus">
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0EFFEBE7A2FB99FF45FB28" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">M. mexicanus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(total length
|
||
<quantity id="F6009B414B0EFFEBE42EFB79FE17FB28" box="[333,481,1153,1176]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.42" metricValueMax="1.59" metricValueMin="1.25" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" unit="mm" value="142.0" valueMax="159.0" valueMin="125.0">125–159 mm</quantity>
|
||
, tail length
|
||
<quantity id="F6009B414B0EFFEBE709FB79FD15FB28" box="[618,739,1153,1176]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.6" metricValueMax="4.4" metricValueMin="2.8" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" unit="mm" value="36.0" valueMax="44.0" valueMin="28.0">28–44 mm</quantity>
|
||
, and length of hind foot
|
||
<quantity id="F6009B414B0EFFEBE433FB59FE3AFB08" box="[336,460,1185,1208]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.95" metricValueMax="2.2" metricValueMin="1.7" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" unit="mm" value="19.5" valueMax="22.0" valueMin="17.0">17–22 mm</quantity>
|
||
). The pelage of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F6F84D274B0EFFEBE7E8FB59FCEEFB08" authorityName=": Allen and Chapman" authorityYear="1897" box="[651,792,1185,1208]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="quasiater">
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0EFFEBE7E8FB59FCEEFB08" box="[651,792,1185,1208]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">M. quasiater</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
tends to be longer, softer, and uniform dark umber or seal brown above. The 3rd upper molar has only 2 closed triangles instead of 3 on the lingual side as occurs in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F6F84D274B0EFFEBE768FAF9FD54FAA8" baseAuthorityName="Saussure" baseAuthorityYear="1861" box="[523,674,1281,1304]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mexicanus">
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0EFFEBE768FAF9FD54FAA8" box="[523,674,1281,1304]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">M. mexicanus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="55694B554B0EFFEBE7D6FAF9FF54FA88" author="GOODWIN, G. G." pageId="1" pageNumber="60" pagination="1 - 270" refId="ref7411" refString="GOODWIN, G. G. 1969. Mammals from the state of Oaxaca, Mexico, in the American Museum of Natural History. Bulletin of American Museum Natural History 141: 1 - 270." type="journal article" year="1969">Goodwin 1969</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="55694B554B0EFFEBE5D3FAD9FEEEFA88" author="HALL, E. R." box="[176,280,1313,1336]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" refId="ref7448" refString="HALL, E. R. 1981. The mammals of North America. Vol. 2, 2 nd ed. John Wiley & Sons, New York." type="book" year="1981">Hall 1981</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Ramírez-Pulido et al. 1991; Álvarez-Castañeda 1996;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="55694B554B0EFFEBE5D3FAB9FE8BFAE8" author="SANCHEZ, H. C. & CARLOS, R. & ALVAREZ & AND M. de" box="[176,381,1345,1368]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" pagination="95 - 98" refId="ref8926" refString="SANCHEZ, H. C., J. CARLOS, R. ALVAREZ, AND M. de L. ROMERO A. 1996. Biological and ecological aspects of Microtus oaxacensis and Microtus mexicanus. The Southwestern Naturalist 41: 95 - 98." type="journal article" year="1996">Sánchez et al. 1996</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Also,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F6F84D274B0EFFEBE4ACFAB9FDAEFAE8" authorityName=": Allen and Chapman" authorityYear="1897" box="[463,600,1345,1368]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="quasiater">
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0EFFEBE4ACFAB9FDAEFAE8" box="[463,600,1345,1368]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">M. quasiater</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a broader and shorter baculum (greatest length of stalk
|
||
<quantity id="F6009B414B0EFFEBE757FA99FD4FFAC8" box="[564,697,1377,1400]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.9" metricValueMax="3.2" metricValueMin="2.6" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" unit="mm" value="2.9" valueMax="3.2" valueMin="2.6">2.6–3.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
) in contrast to the baculum of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F6F84D274B0EFFEBE40CFA79FDF3FA28" baseAuthorityName="Saussure" baseAuthorityYear="1861" box="[367,517,1409,1432]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mexicanus">
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0EFFEBE40CFA79FDF3FA28" box="[367,517,1409,1432]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">M. mexicanus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<quantity id="F6009B414B0EFFEBE775FA79FD6BFA28" box="[534,669,1409,1432]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.25" metricValueMax="3.4" metricValueMin="3.1" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" unit="mm" value="3.25" valueMax="3.4" valueMin="3.1">3.1–3.4 mm</quantity>
|
||
), described by Anderson (1960) as having an attenuated stalk and a slenderer shaft distally.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="314736A44B0EFFEBE5FBFA19FE3BF948" blockId="1.[108,794,961,1784]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">
|
||
These 2 species differ ecologically and chromosomally.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F6F84D274B0EFFEBE50EF9F9FF0FF9A8" authorityName=": Allen and Chapman" authorityYear="1897" box="[109,249,1537,1560]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="quasiater">
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0EFFEBE50EF9F9FF0FF9A8" box="[109,249,1537,1560]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">M. quasiater</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is restricted to the montane cloud forest zone and its diploid number (2n) is 62 chromosomes with a fundamental number (FN) of 66, while
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F6F84D274B0EFFEBE4D9F9B9FDA7F9E8" baseAuthorityName="Saussure" baseAuthorityYear="1861" box="[442,593,1601,1624]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mexicanus">
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0EFFEBE4D9F9B9FDA7F9E8" box="[442,593,1601,1624]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">M. mexicanus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
inhabits a greater variety of habitats varying from dry grasslands to meadows in montane coniferous forest, and has a 2n = 48, FN = 58 karyotype (Hall and Dalquest 1963;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="55694B554B0EFFEBE4D2F959FDE8F908" author="GETZ, L. L." box="[433,542,1697,1720]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" pagination="1 - 873" refId="ref7260" refString="GETZ, L. L. 1985. Habitats. Pp. 286 - 309 in Biology of New World Microtus (R. H. Tamarin, ed.). Special Publication, American Society of Mammalogist 8: 1 - 873." type="journal article" year="1985">Getz 1985</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Hoffmann and Koeppl 1985; Ramírez-Pulido et al. 1991;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="55694B554B0EFFEBE4BDF939FD48F968" author="CERVANTES, F. A. & J. MARTiNEZ & AND R. M." box="[478,702,1729,1752]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" pagination="373 - 377" refId="ref6631" refString="CERVANTES, F. A., J. MARTiNEZ, AND R. M. GONZALES. 1994. Karyotypes of the Mexican tropical voles Microtus quasiater and Microtus umbrosus (Arvicolinae: Muridae). Acta Theriologica 39: 373 - 377." type="journal article" year="1994">Cervantes et al. 1994</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; López- Wilchis and Torres-Flores 2005).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</subSection>
|
||
<caption id="6587662C4B0EFFEBE62AF8DBFB16F81E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4573523" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4573523" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4573523/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" startId="1.[841,876,1827,1848]" targetBox="[871,1495,592,1814]" targetPageId="1">
|
||
<paragraph id="314736A44B0EFFEBE62AF8DBFB16F81E" blockId="1.[841,1525,1827,1966]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0EFFEBE62AF8DBFC7FF888" bold="true" box="[841,905,1827,1848]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">Fig. 2.</emphasis>
|
||
—Dorsal, ventral, and lateral views of skull and lateral view of the mandible of an adult male
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F6F84D274B0EFFEBE117F8B9FADAF8E6" authorityName=": Allen and Chapman" authorityYear="1897" box="[1140,1324,1857,1878]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="quasiater">
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0EFFEBE117F8B9FADAF8E6" box="[1140,1324,1857,1878]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">Microtus quasiater</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(UAM [Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana] 13540, from 1 km W Naolinco, 1,590 m, México). The greatest length of the skull is 25.44 mm. Photograph by Noé González Ruiz used with permission.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSection id="58772F4F4B0EFFE8E472F8CAFA91FED2" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="61" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" type="multiple">
|
||
<subSubSection id="79E2652F4B0EFFE8E472F8CAFA91FED2" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="61" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="314736A44B0EFFEBE472F8CAFD83F8FC" blockId="1.[273,629,1842,1868]" box="[273,629,1842,1868]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">
|
||
<heading id="6A0F81C84B0EFFEBE472F8CAFD83F8FC" allCaps="true" bold="true" box="[273,629,1842,1868]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" reason="6">
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0EFFEBE472F8CAFD83F8FC" bold="true" box="[273,629,1842,1868]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">GENERAL CHARACTERS</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="314736A44B0EFFE8E5FBF88EFE85FEF2" blockId="1.[109,793,1910,1965]" lastBlockId="2.[107,794,203,1250]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="61" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">
|
||
The dorsum and flanks of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F6F84D274B0EFFEBE4A3F88EFD78F83D" authorityName=": Allen and Chapman" authorityYear="1897" box="[448,654,1910,1933]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="quasiater">
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0EFFEBE4A3F88EFD78F83D" box="[448,654,1910,1933]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">Microtus quasiater</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are uniform dark umber or seal brown above, and the venter is slightly paler. “similar to that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F6F84D274B0DFFE8E457FF33FE30FF52" baseAuthorityName="Coues" baseAuthorityYear="1874" box="[308,454,203,226]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Arvicola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pinetorum">
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0DFFE8E457FF33FE30FF52" box="[308,454,203,226]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">M. pinetorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but with larger, more quadrate braincase, more prominent postorbital ridges, narrower interorbital space, and larger audital bullae; dentition slightly heavier; molar pattern the same.”
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="314736A44B0DFFE8E5FBFEB3FF07FCB2" blockId="2.[107,794,203,1250]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F6F84D274B0DFFE8E5FBFEB3FE92FED2" authorityName=": Allen and Chapman" authorityYear="1897" box="[152,356,331,354]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="quasiater">
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0DFFE8E5FBFEB3FE92FED2" box="[152,356,331,354]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">Microtus quasiater</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is the smallest microtine in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="49EF76344B0DFFE8E7FBFEB3FD1FFED2" box="[664,745,331,354]" name="Mexico" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
and does not exhibit obvious sexual dimorphism in size, nor does it show marked geographic variation (Ramírez-Pulido et al. 1991). Ramírez-Pulido et al. (1991) reported mean values (mm; sexes combined) for standard external measurements (ranges and sample sizes in parentheses): total length, 126.9 (110–140,
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0DFFE8E7D5FE13FD35FDB2" box="[694,707,491,514]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 106); tail length, 20.6 (13–30,
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0DFFE8E417FDF3FE77FD92" box="[372,385,523,546]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 108); length of hind foot, 17.6 (15– 20,
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0DFFE8E5F5FDD3FF55FDF2" box="[150,163,555,578]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 108); and height of ear from notch, 13.4 (9–18,
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0DFFE8E7A7FDD3FD27FDF2" box="[708,721,555,578]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 93). Average body mass (g) of
|
||
<specimenCount id="27FEFD2D4B0DFFE8E4FCFDB3FDE3FDD2" box="[415,533,587,610]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" type="adult">180 adults</specimenCount>
|
||
, sexes combined, from Apulco,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="F33CF8464B0DFFE8E5A8FD93FEE0FD32" box="[203,278,619,642]" country="Mexico" name="Puebla" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">Puebla</collectingRegion>
|
||
, was 26.1 ± 2.39
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0DFFE8E4BDFD93FE0AFD32" box="[478,508,619,642]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">SD</emphasis>
|
||
, range 21.6–35.1 (López- Wilchis and Torres-Flores 2005). Measurements of 6 individuals from Teziutlán,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="F33CF8464B0DFFE8E45CFD53FE7CFD72" box="[319,394,683,706]" country="Mexico" name="Puebla" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">Puebla</collectingRegion>
|
||
, given by Heaney and Birney (1977) were: total length
|
||
<quantity id="F6009B414B0DFFE8E455FD33FE52FD52" box="[310,420,715,738]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.373" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" unit="mm" value="137.3">137.3 mm</quantity>
|
||
(133–143) and body mass
|
||
<quantity id="F6009B414B0DFFE8E7B0FD33FCEEFD52" box="[723,792,715,738]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="3.21" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" unit="g" value="32.1">32.1 g</quantity>
|
||
(27.4–35.4).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="314736A44B0DFFE8E5FBFCF3FA91FED2" blockId="2.[107,794,203,1250]" lastBlockId="2.[839,1524,203,354]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">
|
||
Ramírez-Pulido et al. (1991) reported means, ranges, and sample sizes used for cranial measurements (mm) separately for adult males and females. Because they did not find sexual dimorphism in size, we have combined their measurements as follows: length of skull, 25.5 (24.0–27.1,
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0DFFE8E4BDFC73FE1DFC12" box="[478,491,907,930]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 89); basilar length, 23.5 (21.4–25.4,
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0DFFE8E592FC53FF08FC72" box="[241,254,939,962]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 86); palatal length, 13.8 (12.7–15.1,
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0DFFE8E7D2FC53FD48FC72" box="[689,702,939,962]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 110); length of incisive foramina, 4.1 (3.4–4.8,
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0DFFE8E742FC33FDD8FC52" box="[545,558,971,994]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 110); palatal bridge length, 5.7 (4.9–6.8,
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0DFFE8E42EFC13FEACFBB2" box="[333,346,1003,1026]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 112); length of maxillary toothrow, 5.9 (5.2–6.7,
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0DFFE8E5B5FBF3FF15FB92" box="[214,227,1035,1058]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 111); breadth across maxillary molars, 5.0 (4.3– 5.4,
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0DFFE8E5FFFBD3FF5FFBF2" box="[156,169,1067,1090]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 112); breadth of bulla, 5.25 (4.8–6.2,
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0DFFE8E732FBD3FDA8FBF2" box="[593,606,1067,1090]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 104); length of bulla, 6.6 (5.7–7.9,
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0DFFE8E455FBB3FEB5FBD2" box="[310,323,1099,1122]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 102); zygomatic breadth, 15.1 (13.7–16.8,
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0DFFE8E508FB93FF8EFB32" box="[107,120,1131,1154]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 98); mastoid breadth, 12.3 (11.1–13.7,
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0DFFE8E720FB93FDA6FB32" box="[579,592,1131,1154]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 91); interorbital breadth, 3.6 (3.0–4.1,
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0DFFE8E405FB73FE85FB12" box="[358,371,1163,1186]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 111); rostral breadth, 5.0 (3.9–5.8,
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0DFFE8E50EFB53FF8CFB72" box="[109,122,1195,1218]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 110); nasal length, 6.8 (5.7–8.1,
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0DFFE8E490FB53FDF6FB72" box="[499,512,1195,1218]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 99); height of skull, 9.6 (7.5–11.0,
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0DFFE8E580FB33FF06FB52" box="[227,240,1227,1250]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 93); greatest length of dentary, 14.8 (13.3–16.6,
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0DFFE8E629FF33FCA1FF52" box="[842,855,203,226]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 112); length of mandibular toothrow, 5.9 (5.2–7.1,
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0DFFE8E0F2FF33FA68FF52" box="[1425,1438,203,226]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 110); greatest breadth of dentary across coronoid processes, 12.3 (10.9–14.0,
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0DFFE8E6ABFEF3FC23FE92" box="[968,981,267,290]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 85); breadth across molars, 4.9 (4.0–6.2,
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0DFFE8E0FCFEF3FA5AFE92" box="[1439,1452,267,290]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 90); breadth across angular processes, 12.1 (11.1–13.8,
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0DFFE8E00CFED3FA8AFEF2" box="[1391,1404,299,322]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 71); and posterior height of mandible, 8.9 (8.1–9.9,
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0DFFE8E071FEB3FAE9FED2" box="[1298,1311,331,354]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 71).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</subSection>
|
||
<subSection id="58772F4F4B0DFFE8E152FE65FA65FC88" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" type="multiple">
|
||
<subSubSection id="79E2652F4B0DFFE8E152FE65FA65FC88" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="314736A44B0DFFE8E152FE65FAFFFE07" blockId="2.[1073,1289,413,439]" box="[1073,1289,413,439]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">
|
||
<heading id="6A0F81C84B0DFFE8E152FE65FAFFFE07" allCaps="true" bold="true" box="[1073,1289,413,439]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" reason="6">
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0DFFE8E152FE65FAFFFE07" bold="true" box="[1073,1289,413,439]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">DISTRIBUTION</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="314736A44B0DFFE8E610FE19FA65FC88" blockId="2.[840,1524,481,824]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F6F84D274B0DFFE8E610FE19FBCBFE48" authorityName=": Allen and Chapman" authorityYear="1897" box="[883,1085,481,504]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="quasiater">
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0DFFE8E610FE19FBCBFE48" box="[883,1085,481,504]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">Microtus quasiater</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is endemic to
|
||
<collectingCountry id="49EF76344B0DFFE8E1BBFE19FADFFE48" box="[1240,1321,481,504]" name="Mexico" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
where it is distributed at elevations from about
|
||
<quantity id="F6009B414B0DFFE8E1F3FDF9FACEFDA8" box="[1168,1336,513,536]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.425" metricValueMax="2.15" metricValueMin="0.7" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" unit="m" value="1425.0" valueMax="2150.0" valueMin="700.0">700 to 2,150 m</quantity>
|
||
(Ramírez-Pulido et al. 1991) along the Sierra Madre Oriental from Xilitla in southern
|
||
<collectingRegion id="F33CF8464B0DFFE8E6C8FDB9FBA3FDE8" box="[939,1109,577,600]" country="Mexico" name="San Luis Potosi" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">San Luis Potosí</collectingRegion>
|
||
, south through the states of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="F33CF8464B0DFFE8E0E2FDB9FA18FDE8" box="[1409,1518,577,600]" country="Mexico" name="Queretaro de Arteaga" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">Querétaro</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="F33CF8464B0DFFE8E62BFD99FC65FDC8" box="[840,915,609,632]" country="Mexico" name="Puebla" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">Puebla</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="F33CF8464B0DFFE8E6FCFD99FC0EFDC8" box="[927,1016,609,632]" country="Mexico" name="Hidalgo" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">Hidalgo</collectingRegion>
|
||
, and
|
||
<collectingRegion id="F33CF8464B0DFFE8E153FD99FB64FDC8" box="[1072,1170,609,632]" country="Mexico" name="Veracruz de Ignacio de la Llave" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">Veracruz</collectingRegion>
|
||
, to Huautla de Jiménez in northern
|
||
<collectingRegion id="F33CF8464B0DFFE8E610FD79FC35FD28" box="[883,963,641,664]" country="Mexico" name="Oaxaca" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">Oaxaca</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="A9C32A214B0DFFE8E6B6FD79FBE3FD28" box="[981,1045,641,664]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[109,144,1896,1917]" captionTargetBox="[423,1209,1305,1876]" captionTargetId="figure-606@2.[416,1216,1300,1883]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 3.—Geographic distribution of Microtus quasiater. Red dots indicate collection localities (modified from Comisión Nacional para el Conocimiento y Uso de la Biodiversidad 2013b)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4573525" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4573525/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
). Some databases (e.g., Comisión Nacional para el Conocimiento y Uso de la Biodiversidad 2013a; Unidad
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="55694B554B0DFFE8E62BFD39FAE6FD68" author="UNIDAD DE INFORMATICA PARA LA BIODIVERSIDAD" box="[840,1296,705,728]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" refId="ref9121" refString="UNIDAD DE INFORMATICA PARA LA BIODIVERSIDAD. 2013. Instituto de Biologia. Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico. http: // unibio. unam. mx /. Accessed 10 November 2013." type="url" year="2013">de Informática para la Biodiversidad 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="55694B554B0DFFE8E07CFD39FBA8FD48" author="GLOBAL BIODIVERSITY INFORMATION FACILITY" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" refId="ref7305" refString="GLOBAL BIODIVERSITY INFORMATION FACILITY (GBIF). 2015. GBIF database, 540. http: // www. gbif. org. Accessed 25 May 2015." type="url" year="2015">Global Biodiversity Information Facility 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) contain unpublished records outside the known distributional range; some of which clearly represent erroneous identifications, and all need to be confirmed.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</subSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="79E2652F4B0DFFEEE145FC9EFEACFE32" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="63" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" type="description">
|
||
<subSection id="58772F4F4B0DFFE9E145FC9EFD26FC52" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="62" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" type="multiple">
|
||
<paragraph id="314736A44B0DFFE8E145FC9EFAE3FC30" blockId="2.[1062,1301,870,896]" box="[1062,1301,870,896]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">
|
||
<heading id="6A0F81C84B0DFFE8E145FC9EFAE3FC30" allCaps="true" bold="true" box="[1062,1301,870,896]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" reason="6">
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0DFFE8E145FC9EFAE3FC30" bold="true" box="[1062,1301,870,896]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">FOSSIL RECORD</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="314736A44B0DFFE9E610FC52FDB1FCB2" blockId="2.[840,1523,938,1249]" lastBlockId="3.[108,793,203,994]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="62" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">
|
||
According to
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="55694B554B0DFFE8E16CFC52FB20FC71" author="REPENNING, C. A." box="[1039,1238,938,961]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" pagination="471 - 482" refId="ref8794" refString="REPENNING, C. A. 1983. Pitymys meadensis Hibbard from the Valley of Mexico and the classification of North America species of Pitymys (Rodentia: Cricetidae). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 2: 471 - 482." type="journal article" year="1983">Repenning (1983)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, all American microtines originated from Asian forms of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F6F84D274B0DFFE8E1A7FC32FAD2FC51" baseAuthorityName="Lopez-Wilchis and Torres-Flores" baseAuthorityYear="2005" box="[1220,1316,970,993]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0DFFE8E1A7FC32FAD2FC51" box="[1220,1316,970,993]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">Microtus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
that dispersed to America through Beringia. The probable ancestor of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F6F84D274B0DFFE8E0F9FC12FC73FB91" authorityName=": Allen and Chapman" authorityYear="1897" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="quasiater">
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0DFFE8E0F9FC12FC73FB91" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">M. quasiater</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
immigrated to America in the early Pleistocene along with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F6F84D274B0DFFE8E6E5FBD2FBD7FBF1" baseAuthorityName="Repenning" baseAuthorityYear="1983" box="[902,1057,1066,1089]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="meadensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0DFFE8E6E5FBD2FBD7FBF1" box="[902,1057,1066,1089]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">M. meadensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, a closely related but now extinct species.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F6F84D274B0DFFE8E6E7FBB2FBE5FBD1" authorityName=": Allen and Chapman" authorityYear="1897" box="[900,1043,1098,1121]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="quasiater">
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0DFFE8E6E7FBB2FBE5FBD1" box="[900,1043,1098,1121]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">M. quasiater</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
could either represent a peripheral isolate of the woodland vole
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F6F84D274B0DFFE8E125FB92FAD6FB31" baseAuthorityName="Le Conte" baseAuthorityYear="1830" box="[1094,1312,1130,1153]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pinetorum">
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0DFFE8E125FB92FAD6FB31" box="[1094,1312,1130,1153]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">Microtus pinetorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
or is a relic from the 2nd arvicoline dispersal event in the New World at middle Pleistocene (Hoffmann and Koeppl 1985). Other authors consider
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F6F84D274B0DFFE8E6D3FB32FBC9FB51" authorityName=": Allen and Chapman" authorityYear="1897" box="[944,1087,1226,1249]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="quasiater">
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0DFFE8E6D3FB32FBC9FB51" box="[944,1087,1226,1249]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">M. quasiater</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, like
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F6F84D274B0DFFE8E1E4FB32FAD1FB51" authorityName="Goodwin" authorityYear="1966" box="[1159,1319,1226,1249]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="oaxacensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0DFFE8E1E4FB32FAD1FB51" box="[1159,1319,1226,1249]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">M. oaxacensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Tarabundi vole),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F6F84D274B0CFFE9E50EFF33FEFEFF52" baseAuthorityName="Le Conte" baseAuthorityYear="1830" box="[109,264,203,226]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pinetorum">
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0CFFE9E50EFF33FEFEFF52" box="[109,264,203,226]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">M. pinetorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F6F84D274B0CFFE9E430FF33FE09FF52" baseAuthorityName="Wagner" baseAuthorityYear="1842" box="[339,511,203,226]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ochrogaster">
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0CFFE9E430FF33FE09FF52" box="[339,511,203,226]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">M. ochrogaster</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(prairie vole), probable descendants of the “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F6F84D274B0CFFE9E439FF13FE18FEB2" box="[346,494,235,258]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Allophaiomys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0CFFE9E439FF13FE18FEB2" box="[346,494,235,258]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">Allophaiomys</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
”
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0CFFE9E764FF13FD79FEB2" box="[519,655,235,258]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">pliocaenicus</emphasis>
|
||
complex, a microtine radiation in the New World originating from the 2nd wave of Palearctic immigrants that crossed the Bering land bridge during the middle Pleistocene (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="55694B554B0CFFE9E773FEB3FD67FED2" author="HARRIS, A. H." box="[528,657,331,354]" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" pagination="307 - 313" refId="ref7555" refString="HARRIS, A. H. 1988. Late Pleistocene and Holocene Microtus (Pitymys) (Rodentia: Cricetidae) in New Mexico. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 8: 307 - 313." type="journal article" year="1988">Harris 1988</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Martin and Tesakov 1998; Golenishchev and Malikov 2006). However, further morphological analysis of fossil molars indicate that many taxa traditionally considered as potential ancestors (including “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F6F84D274B0CFFE9E51AFE33FEFBFE52" box="[121,269,459,482]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Allophaiomys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0CFFE9E51AFE33FEFBFE52" box="[121,269,459,482]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">Allophaiomys</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
”
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0CFFE9E440FE33FE5DFE52" box="[291,427,459,482]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">pliocaenicus</emphasis>
|
||
) to some of the North American species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F6F84D274B0CFFE9E58DFE13FEB8FDB2" baseAuthorityName="Lopez-Wilchis and Torres-Flores" baseAuthorityYear="2005" box="[238,334,491,514]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0CFFE9E58DFE13FEB8FDB2" box="[238,334,491,514]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">Microtus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
would be excluded from consideration (Bell and Bever 2006). Molecular analysis supports the monophyly of North American species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F6F84D274B0CFFE9E494FDD3FDA1FDF2" baseAuthorityName="Lopez-Wilchis and Torres-Flores" baseAuthorityYear="2005" box="[503,599,555,578]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0CFFE9E494FDD3FDA1FDF2" box="[503,599,555,578]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">Microtus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as well as 2 invasions, the 1st resulting in species restricted to North America and the 2nd resulting in the tundra vole
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F6F84D274B0CFFE9E741FD93FD49FD32" baseAuthorityName="Pallas" baseAuthorityYear="1776" box="[546,703,619,642]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="oeconomus">
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0CFFE9E741FD93FD49FD32" box="[546,703,619,642]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">M. oeconomus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but the estimated phylogeny should be tested by including other suspected early colonizers such as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F6F84D274B0CFFE9E4B6FD53FD94FD72" authorityName=": Allen and Chapman" authorityYear="1897" box="[469,610,683,706]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="quasiater">
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0CFFE9E4B6FD53FD94FD72" box="[469,610,683,706]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">M. quasiater</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F6F84D274B0CFFE9E710FD53FCE7FD72" authorityName="Goodwin" authorityYear="1966" box="[627,785,683,706]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="oaxacensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0CFFE9E710FD53FCE7FD72" box="[627,785,683,706]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">M. oaxacensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the Zempoaltépec vole
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F6F84D274B0CFFE9E40DFD33FE0FFD52" authorityName="Merriam" authorityYear="1898" box="[366,505,715,738]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="umbrosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0CFFE9E40DFD33FE0FFD52" box="[366,505,715,738]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">M. umbrosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and the Guatemalan vole
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F6F84D274B0CFFE9E50CFD13FDB4FCB2" authority="(Conroy and Cook 2000)" baseAuthorityName="Conroy and Cook" baseAuthorityYear="2000" box="[111,578,747,770]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="guatemalensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0CFFE9E50CFD13FEDDFCB2" box="[111,299,747,770]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">M. guatemalensis</emphasis>
|
||
(Conroy and Cook 2000)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="6587662C4B0DFFE8E50EF890FDB5F82A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4573525" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4573525" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4573525/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" startId="2.[109,144,1896,1917]" targetBox="[423,1209,1305,1876]" targetPageId="2">
|
||
<paragraph id="314736A44B0DFFE8E50EF890FDB5F82A" blockId="2.[109,1522,1896,1946]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0DFFE8E50EF890FF45F8CD" bold="true" box="[109,179,1896,1917]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">Fig. 3.</emphasis>
|
||
—Geographic distribution of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F6F84D274B0DFFE8E482F890FD6BF8CD" authorityName=": Allen and Chapman" authorityYear="1897" box="[481,669,1896,1917]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="quasiater">
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0DFFE8E482F890FD6BF8CD" box="[481,669,1896,1917]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">Microtus quasiater</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Red dots indicate collection localities (modified from Comisión Nacional para el Conocimiento y Uso de la Biodiversidad 2013b).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="314736A44B0CFFE9E5FBFCF3FD26FC52" blockId="3.[108,793,203,994]" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">
|
||
Fossils of molars of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F6F84D274B0CFFE9E413FCF3FE00FC92" authorityName=": Allen and Chapman" authorityYear="1897" box="[368,502,779,802]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="quasiater">
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0CFFE9E413FCF3FE00FC92" box="[368,502,779,802]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">M. quasiater</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have been found in the late Pleistocene-Holocene deposits at La Cinta,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="F33CF8464B0CFFE9E725FCD3FD4AFCF2" box="[582,700,811,834]" country="Mexico" name="Michoacan de Ocampo" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">Michoacán</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="49EF76344B0CFFE9E7A9FCD3FCEFFCF2" box="[714,793,811,834]" name="Mexico" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Pérez and Godínez 2007). A late Pleistocene specimen found in El Tajo de Tequixquiac, Estado de
|
||
<collectingCountry id="49EF76344B0CFFE9E4DEFC93FDF9FC32" box="[445,527,875,898]" name="Mexico" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
, was originally identified as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F6F84D274B0CFFE9E5EBFC73FE20FC12" authority="(Repenning 1983)" baseAuthorityName="Repenning" baseAuthorityYear="1983" box="[136,470,907,930]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="meadensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0CFFE9E5EBFC73FEE2FC12" box="[136,276,907,930]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">M. meadensis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="55694B554B0CFFE9E440FC73FE3AFC12" author="REPENNING, C. A." box="[291,460,907,930]" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" pagination="471 - 482" refId="ref8794" refString="REPENNING, C. A. 1983. Pitymys meadensis Hibbard from the Valley of Mexico and the classification of North America species of Pitymys (Rodentia: Cricetidae). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 2: 471 - 482." type="journal article" year="1983">Repenning 1983</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but referred to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F6F84D274B0CFFE9E716FC73FD0EFC12" authorityName=": Allen and Chapman" authorityYear="1897" box="[629,760,907,930]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="quasiater">
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0CFFE9E716FC73FD0EFC12" box="[629,760,907,930]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">M. quasiater</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="55694B554B0CFFE9E50FFC53FF09FC72" author="MARTIN, R. A." box="[108,255,939,962]" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" pagination="270 - 283" refId="ref8188" refString="MARTIN, R. A. 1987. Notes on the classification and evolution of some North American fossil Microtus (Mammalia; Rodentia). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 7: 270 - 283." type="journal article" year="1987">Martin (1987)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Arroyo-Cabrales et al. (2002) treated
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F6F84D274B0CFFE9E7F7FC53FCEFFC72" authorityName=": Allen and Chapman" authorityYear="1897" box="[660,793,939,962]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="quasiater">
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0CFFE9E7F7FC53FCEFFC72" box="[660,793,939,962]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">M. quasiater</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as part of the late Quaternary mammalian fauna of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="49EF76344B0CFFE9E71AFC33FD3DFC52" box="[633,715,971,994]" name="Mexico" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSection>
|
||
<subSection id="58772F4F4B0CFFE9E442FBD8FB9EFBD2" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" type="multiple">
|
||
<paragraph id="314736A44B0CFFE9E442FBD8FD92FB8A" blockId="3.[289,612,1056,1082]" box="[289,612,1056,1082]" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">
|
||
<heading id="6A0F81C84B0CFFE9E442FBD8FD92FB8A" allCaps="true" bold="true" box="[289,612,1056,1082]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" reason="6">
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0CFFE9E442FBD8FD92FB8A" bold="true" box="[289,612,1056,1082]" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">FORM AND FUNCTION</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="314736A44B0CFFE9E5FBFB9BFECAFAAA" blockId="3.[108,794,1123,1946]" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F6F84D274B0CFFE9E5FBFB9BFE84FBCA" authorityName=": Allen and Chapman" authorityYear="1897" box="[152,370,1123,1146]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="quasiater">
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0CFFE9E5FBFB9BFE84FBCA" box="[152,370,1123,1146]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">Microtus quasiater</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
shows no significant intraspecific, geographic, or sexual variation. As in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F6F84D274B0CFFE9E755FB7BFD14FB2A" baseAuthorityName="Wagner" baseAuthorityYear="1842" box="[566,738,1155,1178]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ochrogaster">
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0CFFE9E755FB7BFD14FB2A" box="[566,738,1155,1178]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">M. ochrogaster</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and the
|
||
<collectingRegion id="F33CF8464B0CFFE9E5FAFB5BFEF0FB0A" box="[153,262,1187,1210]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">California</collectingRegion>
|
||
vole
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F6F84D274B0CFFE9E429FB5BFE04FB0A" baseAuthorityName="Peale" baseAuthorityYear="1848" box="[330,498,1187,1210]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="californicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0CFFE9E429FB5BFE04FB0A" box="[330,498,1187,1210]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">M. californicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, young males are slightly smaller than same-age females in size and body mass; yet this difference disappears when they reach adulthood (Ramírez-
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="55694B554B0CFFE9E50EFAFBFEDAFAAA" author="PULIDO, J. & A. C. CASTRO & AND M. C." box="[109,300,1283,1306]" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" pagination="341 - 364" refId="ref8734" refString="RAMiREZ- PULIDO, J., A. C. CASTRO, AND M. C. MARTiNEZ. 1991. Variacion no geografica de Microtus quasiater (Rodentia: Arvicolidae) con notas sobre su ecologia y reproduccion. Anales del Instituto de Biologia. Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Serie Zoologia 62: 341 - 364." type="journal article" year="1991">Pulido et al. 1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="314736A44B0CFFE9E5FBFADBFCEEF8AA" blockId="3.[108,794,1123,1946]" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">
|
||
This species shows age-related variation in skull morphology and pelage color. Juveniles have a narrower, more downcurved rostrum, a globose braincase lacking ornamentation or crests; the zygomatic arches are not broadly expanded outward; the dorsal profile of the skull is convex due to an anterior nasal curvature. The pelage is dark and dull with a plumbeous hue instead of dark brown (
|
||
<figureCitation id="A9C32A214B0CFFE9E40AFA1BFE5EFA4A" box="[361,424,1507,1530]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="0.[840,875,1411,1432]" captionTargetBox="[869,1493,985,1398]" captionTargetId="figure-544@0.[869,1493,985,1398]" captionTargetPageId="0" captionText="Fig.1.—AnadultMicrotus quasiater fromHidalgo,México.Photograph by Gerardo Ceballos/Banco de imágenes CONABIO." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4573519" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4573519/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
). The skull in subadults is longer, with conspicuous postorbital processes and low lambdoid crests; globose braincases are common, as well as a more developed rostrum; the zygomatic arches are more expanded outward; and the pelage has the characteristic dark brown color of the species. Adults have a more robust cranium and larger rostrum; fully expanded zygomatic arches; the skull appears rounded and all of its crests and processes are fully developed; interorbital ridges may be present. The pelage of adults is dark brown, but darker than the grayer pelage of juveniles (Ramírez-Pulido et al. 1991).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="314736A44B0CFFE9E5FBF8DBFD9DF82A" blockId="3.[108,794,1123,1946]" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">
|
||
The dental formula is: i 1/1, c 0/0, p 0/0, m 3/3,
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0CFFE9E7C9F8DBFD4FF88B" bold="true" box="[682,697,1827,1851]" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">=</emphasis>
|
||
16; possessing only 2 closed triangles in the last upper molars (M3) is diagnostic. The last 2 lower molars (m2 and m3) have 3 transverse loops and no closed triangles (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="55694B554B0CFFE9E492F87BFDADF82A" author="HALL, E. R." box="[497,603,1923,1946]" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" refId="ref7448" refString="HALL, E. R. 1981. The mammals of North America. Vol. 2, 2 nd ed. John Wiley & Sons, New York." type="book" year="1981">Hall 1981</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="314736A44B0CFFE9E610FF33FC00FC92" blockId="3.[839,1525,203,1122]" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F6F84D274B0CFFE9E610FF33FBB7FF52" authorityName=": Allen and Chapman" authorityYear="1897" box="[883,1089,203,226]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="quasiater">
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0CFFE9E610FF33FBB7FF52" box="[883,1089,203,226]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">Microtus quasiater</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has the longest baculum, and the largest base and median process of the 3 American species of the subgenus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F6F84D274B0CFFE9E6DBFEF3FBFAFE92" baseAuthorityName="Musser and Carleton" baseAuthorityYear="2005" box="[952,1036,267,290]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Pitymys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0CFFE9E6DBFEF3FBFAFE92" box="[952,1036,267,290]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">Pitymys</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The baculum was illustrated in Anderson (1960:190) and the following description is based on his description (pp. 208–209). The baculum stalk (main shaft) is broad, its greatest length (
|
||
<quantity id="F6009B414B0CFFE9E690FE93FB81FE32" box="[1011,1143,363,386]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.9" metricValueMax="3.2" metricValueMin="2.6" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" unit="mm" value="2.9" valueMax="3.2" valueMin="2.6">2.6–3.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0CFFE9E1E1FE93FB79FE32" box="[1154,1167,363,386]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 3) is 1.3–1.6 times the greatest breadth, and 3.3–3.6 times its greatest depth. The medial distal process is 0.25–0.33 the length of the stalk and depressed ventrally. The process is ossified and pressed closely to the tip of the shaft and is wider than deep proximally; terminus is relatively broad. The lateral cartilaginous processes are small and attenuate. In dorsal view, the stalk is broadly rounded, bilobate, or trilobate (Anderson 1960:209). The median lobe is formed by a posterior projection of the dorsal shelf between enlarged lateral tuberosities that form outer lobes. In end view, the dorsal surface is slightly concave, the ventral concavity is broad and deep; the shaft is flattened except the tip that is more cylindrical and bowed dorsally, relatively slender terminally and narrower than median process.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="314736A44B0CFFE9E610FCD3FB9EFBD2" blockId="3.[839,1525,203,1122]" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">
|
||
The gross stomach morphology of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F6F84D274B0CFFE9E040FCD3FA41FCF2" authorityName=": Allen and Chapman" authorityYear="1897" box="[1315,1463,811,834]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="quasiater">
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0CFFE9E040FCD3FA41FCF2" box="[1315,1463,811,834]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">M. quasiater</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was described briefly by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="55694B554B0CFFE9E149FCB3FB20FCD2" author="CARLETON, M. D." box="[1066,1238,843,866]" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" pagination="93 - 108" refId="ref6540" refString="CARLETON, M. D. 1981. A survey of gross stomach morphology in Microtinae (Rodentia: Muroidea). Zeitschrift fur Saugetierkunde 46: 93 - 108." type="journal article" year="1981">Carleton (1981)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. The incisura angularis is deep; the edge of the bordering fold is emarginate with short processes projecting over the glandular epithelium and concentrated on the left rim of the fold. The glandular zone is intermediate grade III, possesses a small narrow patch of glandular epithelium on the lesser curvature near the pyloric orifice, and this is in addition to the discoglandular zone on the greater curvature. These morphological characteristics of the stomach are similar across species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F6F84D274B0CFFE9E161FBB3FB97FBD2" baseAuthorityName="Lopez-Wilchis and Torres-Flores" baseAuthorityYear="2005" box="[1026,1121,1099,1122]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0CFFE9E161FBB3FB97FBD2" box="[1026,1121,1099,1122]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">Microtus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSection>
|
||
<subSection id="58772F4F4B0CFFEEE6C9FB58FEACFE32" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="63" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" type="multiple">
|
||
<paragraph id="314736A44B0CFFE9E6C9FB58FA67FB0A" blockId="3.[938,1425,1184,1210]" box="[938,1425,1184,1210]" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">
|
||
<heading id="6A0F81C84B0CFFE9E6C9FB58FA67FB0A" allCaps="true" bold="true" box="[938,1425,1184,1210]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" reason="6">
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0CFFE9E6C9FB58FA67FB0A" bold="true" box="[938,1425,1184,1210]" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">ONTOGENY AND REPRODUCTION</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="314736A44B0CFFE9E610FB1BFB4FF9CA" blockId="3.[839,1524,1251,1946]" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F6F84D274B0CFFE9E610FB1BFBB5FB4A" authorityName=": Allen and Chapman" authorityYear="1897" box="[883,1091,1251,1274]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="quasiater">
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0CFFE9E610FB1BFBB5FB4A" box="[883,1091,1251,1274]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">Microtus quasiater</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is polyestrous and breeds year-round. Pregnant and lactating females can be found in all seasons, and males with scrotal testes are present throughout the year, but most frequently encountered in August (Ramírez-Pulido et al. 1991; López-Wilchis and Torres-Flores 2005). Greatest reproductive activity occurs in the rainy season (late summer and early autumn), but a less intense reproductive peak may occur in late autumn. Reproductive activity is reduced in the dry season (winter), but this pattern may vary from year to year (López- Wilchis and Torres-Flores 2005). Pregnant and lactating females were reported in mid-October from
|
||
<collectingRegion id="F33CF8464B0CFFE9E1A7F9DBFAD5F98A" box="[1220,1315,1571,1594]" country="Mexico" name="Veracruz de Ignacio de la Llave" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">Veracruz</collectingRegion>
|
||
(Hall and Dalquest 1963) and pregnant females were found at the end of April in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="F33CF8464B0CFFE9E62BF99BFC67F9CA" box="[840,913,1635,1658]" country="Mexico" name="Puebla" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">Puebla</collectingRegion>
|
||
(Heaney and Birney 1977).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="314736A44B0CFFE9E610F97BFB4CF8EA" blockId="3.[839,1524,1251,1946]" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">
|
||
Adult males with scrotal testes ranging from
|
||
<quantity id="F6009B414B0CFFE9E039F97BFA21F92A" box="[1370,1495,1667,1690]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="7.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" unit="mm" value="8.5" valueMax="10.0" valueMin="7.0">7 to 10 mm</quantity>
|
||
in spring and summer (
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0CFFE9E141F95BFBD9F90A" box="[1058,1071,1699,1722]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 3) and
|
||
<quantity id="F6009B414B0CFFE9E1F1F95BFAFCF90A" box="[1170,1290,1699,1722]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" unit="mm" value="8.0" valueMax="10.0" valueMin="6.0">6 to 10 mm</quantity>
|
||
in autumn and winter (
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0CFFE9E632F93BFCA8F96A" box="[849,862,1731,1754]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 8) have been reported (Ramírez-Pulido et al. 1991). Testes of subadults measured
|
||
<quantity id="F6009B414B0CFFE9E125F91BFB69F94A" box="[1094,1183,1763,1786]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" unit="mm" value="6.5" valueMax="8.0" valueMin="5.0">5–8 mm</quantity>
|
||
in autumn and winter (
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0CFFE9E0C4F91BFA42F94A" box="[1447,1460,1763,1786]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 4), and
|
||
<quantity id="F6009B414B0CFFE9E616F8FBFC2CF8AA" box="[885,986,1795,1818]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" unit="mm" value="7.5" valueMax="10.0" valueMin="5.0">5–10 mm</quantity>
|
||
in spring and summer (
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0CFFE9E1BAF8FBFB10F8AA" box="[1241,1254,1795,1818]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 7). Heaney and Birney (1977) reported
|
||
<specimenCount id="27FEFD2D4B0CFFE9E695F8DBFBBEF88A" box="[1014,1096,1827,1850]" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" type="male">3 males</specimenCount>
|
||
in April that had mean testis length and width of 8 and
|
||
<quantity id="F6009B414B0CFFE9E689F8BBFBDFF8EA" box="[1002,1065,1859,1882]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" unit="mm" value="6.0">6 mm</quantity>
|
||
, respectively.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="314736A44B0CFFEEE610F89BFEACFE32" blockId="3.[839,1524,1251,1946]" lastBlockId="4.[109,792,203,386]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="63" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">
|
||
Embryonic litter size varies between 1 and 4 at crownrump lengths between 6 and
|
||
<quantity id="F6009B414B0CFFE9E1E1F87BFB39F82A" box="[1154,1231,1923,1946]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" unit="mm" value="35.0">35 mm</quantity>
|
||
and postpartum litter sizes vary from 1 to 4 with a mean of 1.83 (
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0BFFEEE76EFF33FDECFF52" box="[525,538,203,226]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 18—Ramírez-Pulido et al. 1991). Other litter sizes reported are 1.87 (
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0BFFEEE71AFF13FD70FEB2" box="[633,646,235,258]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 8—López- Wilchis and Torres-Flores 2005) and 2.1 (
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0BFFEEE72DFEF3FDADFE92" box="[590,603,267,290]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 12—Hall and Dalquest 1963). One of us (RL-W) has observed that young develop rapidly and become indistinguishable from adults at about 1 month of age.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSection>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSection id="58772F4F4B0BFFEFE41BFE31FB5EFE12" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="64" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" type="multiple">
|
||
<subSubSection id="79E2652F4B0BFFEFE41BFE31FB5EFE12" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="64" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="314736A44B0BFFEEE41BFE31FDF8FE53" blockId="4.[376,526,457,483]" box="[376,526,457,483]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">
|
||
<heading id="6A0F81C84B0BFFEEE41BFE31FDF8FE53" allCaps="true" bold="true" box="[376,526,457,483]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" reason="6">
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0BFFEEE41BFE31FDF8FE53" bold="true" box="[376,526,457,483]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">ECOLOGY</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="314736A44B0BFFEEE5FBFDF4FCE4FC54" blockId="4.[107,795,524,1956]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0BFFEEE5FBFDF4FE16FD94" box="[152,480,524,548]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0BFFEEE5FBFDF4FE36FD94" bold="true" box="[152,448,524,548]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Population characteristics</emphasis>
|
||
.—
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
The only published account on the population dynamics of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F6F84D274B0BFFEEE48EFDD5FD33FDF4" authorityName=": Allen and Chapman" authorityYear="1897" box="[493,709,557,580]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="quasiater">
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0BFFEEE48EFDD5FD33FDF4" box="[493,709,557,580]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Microtus quasiater</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is the study by López-Wilchis and Torres-Flores (2005) conducted in Apulco,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="F33CF8464B0BFFEEE58EFD95FECCFD34" box="[237,314,621,644]" country="Mexico" name="Puebla" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Puebla</collectingRegion>
|
||
, between
|
||
<date id="454610644B0BFFEEE4CEFD95FDD6FD34" box="[429,544,621,644]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" value="1990-06">June 1990</date>
|
||
and
|
||
<date id="454610644B0BFFEEE73FFD95FCE2FD34" box="[604,788,621,644]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" value="1994-09">September 1994</date>
|
||
. During those years, the population was mainly composed of adults (91.9%). Two population peaks were observed within each year, the primary peak in mid-summer and a 2nd in late winter. Lowest population numbers were found during the autumn. The maximum density was 152 individuals/ha and the lowest was 16 individuals/ha. Unlike other microtines,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F6F84D274B0BFFEEE7A1FCD5FF5DFCD4" authorityName=": Allen and Chapman" authorityYear="1897" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="quasiater">
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0BFFEEE7A1FCD5FF5DFCD4" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">M. quasiater</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
appears to have relatively stable populations, and does not display marked cyclic differences in abundance. Neither seasonal reproductive pattern nor food habits can explain these demographic features. Long-term studies and surveys of other populations are needed to test the generality of these patterns.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="314736A44B0BFFEEE5FBFC15FE83F9D4" blockId="4.[107,795,524,1956]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">
|
||
The sex ratio was 1:1 throughout the year. The residency time in a particular area varied greatly among individuals (range 0–41 months,
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0BFFEEE46FFBD5FEDBFBF4" box="[268,301,1069,1092]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">SD</emphasis>
|
||
= 8.47), with a longer average residency in males (
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0BFFEEE5A6FBB4FF23FBD3" box="[197,213,1100,1123]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">X</emphasis>
|
||
= 5.7 months) than in females (
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0BFFEEE731FBB5FD94FBD4" box="[594,610,1101,1124]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">X</emphasis>
|
||
= 4.4 months). Most individuals remained less than 6 months, with only a very few individuals recovered in the same area over 9 months, probably because of a high mortality rate or high levels of dispersal. There is a trend to form stable populations in which loss and recruitment of males and females appears to occur in equal proportions. The annual recruitment varied from 17.5% to 23.4% of the total population. Losses of individuals occur with nearly the same frequency in both dry and rainy seasons. The annual losses varied from 10.1% to 18.3%. Although
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F6F84D274B0BFFEEE7EAFA95FCEEFA34" authorityName=": Allen and Chapman" authorityYear="1897" box="[649,792,1389,1412]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="quasiater">
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0BFFEEE7EAFA95FCEEFA34" box="[649,792,1389,1412]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">M. quasiater</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
breeds throughout the year, the combination of relatively small litter sizes, the longevity of some individuals, and the low rate of recruitment make the population comparatively stable and lessens the probability of reaching irruptive densities. Maximum longevity documented for this vole was 41 months, the longest recorded in the wild for any species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F6F84D274B0BFFEEE76FF9D5FE86F9D4" authority="(Lopez-Wilchis and Torres-Flores 2005)" baseAuthorityName="Lopez-Wilchis and Torres-Flores" baseAuthorityYear="2005" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0BFFEEE76FF9D5FD9DF9F4" box="[524,619,1581,1604]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Microtus</emphasis>
|
||
(López-Wilchis and Torres-Flores 2005)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="314736A44B0BFFEEE5FBF994FC66FDF2" blockId="4.[107,795,524,1956]" lastBlockId="4.[839,1524,203,1954]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0BFFEEE5FBF994FDFDF934" box="[152,523,1644,1668]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0BFFEEE5FBF994FEE0F934" bold="true" box="[152,278,1644,1668]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Space use.</emphasis>
|
||
—
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F6F84D274B0BFFEEE451F995FDFDF934" authorityName=": Allen and Chapman" authorityYear="1897" box="[306,523,1645,1668]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="quasiater">Microtus quasiater</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
is a habitat generalist occurring in mountain cloud forest dominated by sweetgum, pine, and oak, with an understory of perennial herbs, shrubs, and small trees (Hall and Dalquest 1963; Ramírez-Pulido et al. 1991). Within this forest zone,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F6F84D274B0BFFEEE4A1F915FDB9F8B4" authorityName=": Allen and Chapman" authorityYear="1897" box="[450,591,1773,1796]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="quasiater">
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0BFFEEE4A1F915FDB9F8B4" box="[450,591,1773,1796]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">M. quasiater</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has been found in marshy meadows, grassy swales, grasslands in forest openings, and edges of fruit orchards. It has also been documented in cornfields, cattle pastures, sugarcane plantations, herbaceous secondary growth vegetation resulting from agricultural practices, and along stream and creek banks within pine-oak forests (Allen and Chapman 1897;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="55694B554B0BFFEEE1EAFF33FAFCFF52" author="DAVIS, W. B." box="[1161,1290,203,226]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" pagination="370 - 403" refId="ref7119" refString="DAVIS, W. B. 1944. Notes on Mexican mammals. Journal of Mammalogy 25: 370 - 403." type="journal article" year="1944">Davis 1944</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Baker and Villa-R. 1953;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="55694B554B0BFFEEE6ECFF13FBD7FEB2" author="HOOPER, E. T." box="[911,1057,235,258]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" pagination="1 - 9" refId="ref7722" refString="HOOPER, E. T. 1957. Records of Mexican mammals. Occasional Papers Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan 586: 1 - 9." type="journal article" year="1957">Hooper 1957</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Hall and Dalquest 1963; León-Paniagua et al. 1990;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="55694B554B0BFFEEE6AEFEF3FB4FFE92" author="CERVANTES, F. & AND J. N." box="[973,1209,267,290]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" pagination="225 - 237" refId="ref6676" refString="CERVANTES, F., S. RAMiREZ- VITE, AND J. N. RAMiREZ- VITE. 2002. Mamiferos pequenos de los alrededores del poblado de Tlanchinol, Hidalgo. Anales del Instituto de Biologia, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Serie Zoologia 73: 225 - 237." type="journal article" year="2002">Cervantes et al. 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; López-Wilchis and Torres-
|
||
<collectingCountry id="49EF76344B0BFFEEE62BFED3FC7BFEF2" box="[840,909,299,322]" name="Indonesia" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Flores</collectingCountry>
|
||
2005, 2007).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F6F84D274B0BFFEEE147FED3FB47FEF2" authorityName=": Allen and Chapman" authorityYear="1897" box="[1060,1201,299,322]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="quasiater">
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0BFFEEE147FED3FBCCFEF2" box="[1060,1082,299,322]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">M</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0BFFEEE12BFED3FB47FEF2" box="[1096,1201,299,322]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">quasiater</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
also has been found on rocky hillsides, in chaparral, in rock piles, and rock walls (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="55694B554B0BFFEEE0C3FEB3FC89FE32" author="HOOPER, E. T." pageId="4" pageNumber="63" pagination="1 - 9" refId="ref7722" refString="HOOPER, E. T. 1957. Records of Mexican mammals. Occasional Papers Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan 586: 1 - 9." type="journal article" year="1957">Hooper 1957</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Hall and Dalquest 1963). Other habitats from which the species has been reported are fruit orchards surrounded by thorny
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F6F84D274B0BFFEEE6F4FE53FC2DFE72" box="[919,987,427,450]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Rubus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0BFFEEE6F4FE53FC2DFE72" box="[919,987,427,450]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Rubus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F6F84D274B0BFFEEE171FE53FB9DFE72" box="[1042,1131,427,450]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Mimosa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0BFFEEE171FE53FB9DFE72" box="[1042,1131,427,450]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Mimosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
vegetation, pastures and cornfields where montane cloud forest originally existed, and in some tropical deciduous forest containing
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F6F84D274B0BFFEEE18FFE13FABFFDB2" box="[1260,1353,491,514]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0BFFEEE18FFE13FABFFDB2" box="[1260,1353,491,514]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Quercus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F6F84D274B0BFFEEE039FE13FA60FDB2" box="[1370,1430,491,514]" class="Gastropoda" family="Ficidae" genus="Ficus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0BFFEEE039FE13FA60FDB2" box="[1370,1430,491,514]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Ficus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F6F84D274B0BFFEEE0C4FE13FA1DFDB2" box="[1447,1515,491,514]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Rubus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0BFFEEE0C4FE13FA1DFDB2" box="[1447,1515,491,514]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Rubus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and arborescent and herbaceous ferns (Ramírez-Pulido et al. 1991).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="314736A44B0BFFEEE610FDB3FB3FFCF2" blockId="4.[839,1524,203,1954]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">
|
||
The habitats of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F6F84D274B0BFFEEE14EFDB3FB4BFDD2" authorityName=": Allen and Chapman" authorityYear="1897" box="[1069,1213,587,610]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="quasiater">
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0BFFEEE14EFDB3FB4BFDD2" box="[1069,1213,587,610]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">M. quasiater</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have tropical to temperate climates and relatively constant year-round humidity and rainfall (Ramírez-Pulido et al. 1991). In fragmented forest habitats,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F6F84D274B0BFFEEE62AFD53FC26FD72" authorityName=": Allen and Chapman" authorityYear="1897" box="[841,976,683,706]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="quasiater">
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0BFFEEE62AFD53FC26FD72" box="[841,976,683,706]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">M. quasiater</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
appears to prefer edges and open areas (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="55694B554B0BFFEEE0E3FD53FC8BFD52" author="RUAN, I. T. & R. H. MANSON & AND L. I. D." pageId="4" pageNumber="63" refId="ref8835" refString="RUAN, I. T., R. H. MANSON, AND L. I. D. InIGUEZ. 2008. Respuesta al borde de poblaciones de pequenos mamiferos de remanentes de bosque mesofilo de montana del centro de Veracruz. Pp. 511 - 530 in Avances en el estudio de los mamiferos de Mexico, Volumen II (C. Lorenzo, E. Espinoza, and J. Ortega, eds.). Asociacion Mexicana de Mastozoologia, Mexico, D. F." type="book" year="2008">Ruán et al. 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). It is commonly found in small, isolated, or ephemeral patches of grasslands or in small isolated alpine meadows within otherwise forested habitats, and even where soil conditions are considered as semiarid (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="55694B554B0BFFEEE129FCD3FB4FFCF2" author="GETZ, L. L." box="[1098,1209,811,834]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" pagination="1 - 873" refId="ref7260" refString="GETZ, L. L. 1985. Habitats. Pp. 286 - 309 in Biology of New World Microtus (R. H. Tamarin, ed.). Special Publication, American Society of Mammalogist 8: 1 - 873." type="journal article" year="1985">Getz 1985</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="314736A44B0BFFEEE610FCB3FBE8FB72" blockId="4.[839,1524,203,1954]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">
|
||
The preferred habitat of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F6F84D274B0BFFEEE1E6FCB3FAE7FCD2" authorityName=": Allen and Chapman" authorityYear="1897" box="[1157,1297,843,866]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="quasiater">
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0BFFEEE1E6FCB3FAE7FCD2" box="[1157,1297,843,866]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">M. quasiater</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is similar to that of other Mexican tropical voles (e.g.,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F6F84D274B0BFFEEE1DDFC93FAA1FC32" authorityName="Goodwin" authorityYear="1966" box="[1214,1367,875,898]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="oaxacensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0BFFEEE1DDFC93FAA1FC32" box="[1214,1367,875,898]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">M. oaxacensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F6F84D274B0BFFEEE0E8FC93FC53FC12" baseAuthorityName="Conroy and Cook" baseAuthorityYear="2000" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="guatemalensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0BFFEEE0E8FC93FC53FC12" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">M. guatemalensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), which prefer colder and more humid mountain cloud forest, located between 1,500 and
|
||
<quantity id="F6009B414B0BFFEEE1B7FC53FAC7FC72" box="[1236,1329,939,962]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" unit="m" value="3200.0">3,200 m</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="55694B554B0BFFEEE025FC53FA1DFC72" author="GOODWIN, G. G." box="[1350,1515,939,962]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" pagination="1 - 4" refId="ref7380" refString="GOODWIN, G. G. 1966. A new species of vole (genus Microtus) from Oaxaca, Mexico. American Museum Novitates 2243: 1 - 4." type="journal article" year="1966">Goodwin 1966</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Jones and Genoways 1967;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="55694B554B0BFFEEE111FC33FB16FC52" author="GETZ, L. L." box="[1138,1248,971,994]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" pagination="1 - 873" refId="ref7260" refString="GETZ, L. L. 1985. Habitats. Pp. 286 - 309 in Biology of New World Microtus (R. H. Tamarin, ed.). Special Publication, American Society of Mammalogist 8: 1 - 873." type="journal article" year="1985">Getz 1985</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="55694B554B0BFFEEE18CFC33FA49FC52" author="SANCHEZ, H. C. & CARLOS, R. & ALVAREZ & AND M. de" box="[1263,1471,971,994]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" pagination="95 - 98" refId="ref8926" refString="SANCHEZ, H. C., J. CARLOS, R. ALVAREZ, AND M. de L. ROMERO A. 1996. Biological and ecological aspects of Microtus oaxacensis and Microtus mexicanus. The Southwestern Naturalist 41: 95 - 98." type="journal article" year="1996">Sánchez et al. 1996</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F6F84D274B0BFFEEE0B5FC33FC5BFBB2" authorityName=": Allen and Chapman" authorityYear="1897" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="quasiater">
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0BFFEEE0B5FC33FA1AFC52" box="[1494,1516,971,994]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">M</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0BFFEEE62BFC13FC5BFBB2" box="[840,941,1003,1026]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">quasiater</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F6F84D274B0BFFEEE126FC13FB22FBB2" authorityName="Merriam" authorityYear="1898" box="[1093,1236,1003,1026]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="umbrosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0BFFEEE126FC13FB22FBB2" box="[1093,1236,1003,1026]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">M. umbrosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which prefers dense oak forests and cleared pastures (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="55694B554B0BFFEEE11DFBF3FAEBFB92" author="GOODWIN, G. G." box="[1150,1309,1035,1058]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" pagination="1 - 270" refId="ref7411" refString="GOODWIN, G. G. 1969. Mammals from the state of Oaxaca, Mexico, in the American Museum of Natural History. Bulletin of American Museum Natural History 141: 1 - 270." type="journal article" year="1969">Goodwin 1969</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F6F84D274B0BFFEEE0FFFBF3FC78FBF2" baseAuthorityName="Saussure" baseAuthorityYear="1861" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mexicanus">
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0BFFEEE0FFFBF3FC78FBF2" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">M. mexicanus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
which is typically found in areas dominated by mesic grasslands and dry bunchgrass meadows scattered among pines, or in fir and pine-oak forest at elevations usually above
|
||
<quantity id="F6009B414B0BFFEEE0F8FB93FA05FB32" box="[1435,1523,1131,1154]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" unit="m" value="2000.0">2,000 m</quantity>
|
||
(Hortelano-Moncada and Cervantes 1989;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="55694B554B0BFFEEE074FB73FA1AFB12" author="SANCHEZ, H. C. & CARLOS, R. & ALVAREZ & AND M. de" box="[1303,1516,1163,1186]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" pagination="95 - 98" refId="ref8926" refString="SANCHEZ, H. C., J. CARLOS, R. ALVAREZ, AND M. de L. ROMERO A. 1996. Biological and ecological aspects of Microtus oaxacensis and Microtus mexicanus. The Southwestern Naturalist 41: 95 - 98." type="journal article" year="1996">Sánchez et al. 1996</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="55694B554B0BFFEEE62BFB53FBF8FB72" author="ORDUnA, C. & AND J." box="[840,1038,1195,1218]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" pagination="53 - 68" refId="ref8495" refString="ORDUnA, C., A. CASTRO- CAMPILLO, AND J. RAMiREZ- PULIDO. 2000. Mammals from the Tarascan Plateau, Michoacan, Mexico. Revista Mexicana de Mastozoologia 4: 53 - 68." type="journal article" year="2000">Orduña et al. 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="314736A44B0BFFEEE610FB33FAB7FA92" blockId="4.[839,1524,203,1954]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F6F84D274B0BFFEEE610FB33FBC9FB52" authorityName=": Allen and Chapman" authorityYear="1897" box="[883,1087,1227,1250]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="quasiater">
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0BFFEEE610FB33FBC9FB52" box="[883,1087,1227,1250]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Microtus quasiater</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is nocturnal and makes narrow runways in areas of dense vegetation. Dens or nests are located under rocks and fallen logs (Hall and Dalquest 1963).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="314736A44B0BFFEFE610FAD3FD86FE32" blockId="4.[839,1524,203,1954]" lastBlockId="5.[107,793,203,1954]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="64" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0BFFEEE610FAD3FC5EFAF3" bold="true" box="[883,936,1323,1347]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Diet.</emphasis>
|
||
—Consistent with the generalist habitat requirements of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F6F84D274B0BFFEEE6D0FAB3FB73FAD2" authorityName=": Allen and Chapman" authorityYear="1897" box="[947,1157,1355,1378]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="quasiater">
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0BFFEEE6D0FAB3FB73FAD2" box="[947,1157,1355,1378]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Microtus quasiater</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, it is also a generalist herbivore (López-Wilchis and Torres-Flores 2005, 2007). It is known to feed on 36 plant species, 17 of which are monocotyledons:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F6F84D274B0BFFEEE629FA53FBE3FA72" authority=", Bouteloa" authorityName="Bouteloa" box="[842,1045,1451,1474]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Agrostis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0BFFEEE629FA53FC54FA72" box="[842,930,1451,1474]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Agrostis</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0BFFEEE6D0FA53FBE3FA72" box="[947,1045,1451,1474]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Bouteloa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F6F84D274B0BFFEEE145FA53FB6BFA72" box="[1062,1181,1451,1474]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Brachiaria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0BFFEEE145FA53FB6BFA72" box="[1062,1181,1451,1474]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Brachiaria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F6F84D274B0BFFEEE1CDFA53FAC3FA72" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1753" box="[1198,1333,1451,1474]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Briza" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="minor">
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0BFFEEE1CDFA53FAC3FA72" box="[1198,1333,1451,1474]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Briza minor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F6F84D274B0BFFEEE025FA53FA71FA72" box="[1350,1415,1451,1474]" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Carex" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0BFFEEE025FA53FA71FA72" box="[1350,1415,1451,1474]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Carex</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F6F84D274B0BFFEEE0FBFA53FBD0FA52" authority=", Chamaedora" authorityName="Chamaedora" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Carex" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="xalapensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0BFFEEE0FBFA53FC7AFA52" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">C. xalapensis</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0BFFEEE6FAFA33FBD0FA52" box="[921,1062,1483,1506]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Chamaedora</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F6F84D274B0BFFEEE151FA33FB70FA52" box="[1074,1158,1483,1506]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Festuca" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0BFFEEE151FA33FB70FA52" box="[1074,1158,1483,1506]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Festuca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F6F84D274B0BFFEEE1F0FA33FAA7FA52" authorityName="D.R.Hunt" authorityYear="1983" baseAuthorityName="M.Martens & Galeotti" box="[1171,1361,1483,1506]" class="Liliopsida" family="Commelinaceae" genus="Gibasis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Commelinales" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pellucida">
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0BFFEEE1F0FA33FAA7FA52" box="[1171,1361,1483,1506]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Gibasis pellucida</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F6F84D274B0BFFEEE03DFA33FA1AFA52" box="[1374,1516,1483,1506]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Heteropogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0BFFEEE03DFA33FA1AFA52" box="[1374,1516,1483,1506]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Heteropogon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F6F84D274B0BFFEEE62BFA13FC6AF9B2" box="[840,924,1515,1538]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Isachne" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0BFFEEE62BFA13FC6AF9B2" box="[840,924,1515,1538]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Isachne</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F6F84D274B0BFFEEE6DAFA13FBA4F9B2" box="[953,1106,1515,1538]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Muhlenbergia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0BFFEEE6DAFA13FBA4F9B2" box="[953,1106,1515,1538]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Muhlenbergia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F6F84D274B0BFFEEE10CFA13FB3BF9B2" box="[1135,1229,1515,1538]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Panicum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0BFFEEE10CFA13FB3BF9B2" box="[1135,1229,1515,1538]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Panicum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F6F84D274B0BFFEEE188FA13FA1DF9B2" box="[1259,1515,1515,1538]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Paspalum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="conjugatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0BFFEEE188FA13FA1DF9B2" box="[1259,1515,1515,1538]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Paspalum conjugatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F6F84D274B0BFFEEE62BF9F3FB91F992" authorityName="Cavanilles" authorityYear="1788" box="[840,1127,1547,1570]" class="Liliopsida" family="Iridaceae" genus="Sisyrinchium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="micranthum">
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0BFFEEE62BF9F3FB91F992" box="[840,1127,1547,1570]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Sisyrinchium micranthum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F6F84D274B0BFFEEE11FF9F3FB42F992" box="[1148,1204,1547,1570]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Stipa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0BFFEEE11FF9F3FB42F992" box="[1148,1204,1547,1570]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Stipa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F6F84D274B0BFFEEE19DF9F3FAABF992" box="[1278,1373,1547,1570]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Trisetum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0BFFEEE19DF9F3FAABF992" box="[1278,1373,1547,1570]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Trisetum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; and 19 are dicotyledons:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F6F84D274B0BFFEEE686F9D3FBBBF9F2" box="[997,1101,1579,1602]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Primulaceae" genus="Anagallis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0BFFEEE686F9D3FBBBF9F2" box="[997,1101,1579,1602]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Anagallis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F6F84D274B0BFFEEE13CF9D3FB2DF9F2" authorityName="C.Linnaeus" authorityYear="1753" box="[1119,1243,1579,1602]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Primulaceae" genus="Anagallis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="arvensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0BFFEEE13CF9D3FB2DF9F2" box="[1119,1243,1579,1602]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">A. arvensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F6F84D274B0BFFEEE18FF9D3FA72F9F2" box="[1260,1412,1579,1602]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Bidens" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pilosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0BFFEEE18FF9D3FA72F9F2" box="[1260,1412,1579,1602]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Bidens pilosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F6F84D274B0BFFEEE0F7F9D3FC71F9D2" authorityName="Grisebach" authorityYear="1857" baseAuthorityName="Lamarck" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Borreria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="laevis">
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0BFFEEE0F7F9D3FC71F9D2" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Borreria laevis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F6F84D274B0BFFEEE6FBF9B3FC19F9D2" box="[920,1007,1611,1634]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Cirsium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0BFFEEE6FBF9B3FC19F9D2" box="[920,1007,1611,1634]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Cirsium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F6F84D274B0BFFEEE163F9B3FB74F9D2" box="[1024,1154,1611,1634]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Eupatorium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0BFFEEE163F9B3FB74F9D2" box="[1024,1154,1611,1634]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Eupatorium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F6F84D274B0BFFEEE1F1F9B3FB02F9D2" box="[1170,1268,1611,1634]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Fragaria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0BFFEEE1F1F9B3FB02F9D2" box="[1170,1268,1611,1634]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Fragaria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F6F84D274B0BFFEEE067F9B3FA1DF9D2" box="[1284,1515,1611,1634]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Galinsoga" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="parviflora">
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0BFFEEE067F9B3FA1DF9D2" box="[1284,1515,1611,1634]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Galinsoga parviflora</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F6F84D274B0BFFEEE62BF993FBB7F932" box="[840,1089,1643,1666]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Geraniaceae" genus="Geranium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Geraniales" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="mexicanum">
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0BFFEEE62BF993FBB7F932" box="[840,1089,1643,1666]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Geranium mexicanum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F6F84D274B0BFFEEE13BF993FAE3F932" box="[1112,1301,1643,1666]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Verbenaceae" genus="Lantana" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="camara">
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0BFFEEE13BF993FAE3F932" box="[1112,1301,1643,1666]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Lantana camara</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F6F84D274B0BFFEEE04FF993FA1AF932" box="[1324,1516,1643,1666]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Campanulaceae" genus="Lobelia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="laxiflora">
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0BFFEEE04FF993FA1AF932" box="[1324,1516,1643,1666]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Lobelia laxiflora</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F6F84D274B0BFFEEE62BF973FBF3F912" authorityName="L'Her. ex Aiton" authorityYear="1789" box="[840,1029,1675,1698]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Onagraceae" genus="Oenothera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rosea">
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0BFFEEE62BF973FBF3F912" box="[840,1029,1675,1698]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Oenothera rosea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F6F84D274B0BFFEEE178F973FB62F912" box="[1051,1172,1675,1698]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Polygonaceae" genus="Polygonum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polygonales" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0BFFEEE178F973FB62F912" box="[1051,1172,1675,1698]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Polygonum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F6F84D274B0BFFEEE1C9F973FADCF912" box="[1194,1322,1675,1698]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ranunculaceae" genus="Ranunculus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ranunculales" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0BFFEEE1C9F973FADCF912" box="[1194,1322,1675,1698]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Ranunculus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F6F84D274B0BFFEEE05CF973FA74F912" box="[1343,1410,1675,1698]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Rubus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0BFFEEE05CF973FA74F912" box="[1343,1410,1675,1698]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Rubus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F6F84D274B0BFFEEE0FBF973FC64F972" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Rubus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="eriocarpus">
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0BFFEEE0FBF973FC64F972" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">R. eriocarpus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F6F84D274B0BFFEEE6CBF953FC0BF972" box="[936,1021,1707,1730]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Senecio" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0BFFEEE6CBF953FC0BF972" box="[936,1021,1707,1730]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Senecio</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F6F84D274B0BFFEEE170F953FB25F972" box="[1043,1235,1707,1730]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Malvaceae" genus="Sida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rhombifolia">
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0BFFEEE170F953FB25F972" box="[1043,1235,1707,1730]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Sida rhombifolia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F6F84D274B0BFFEEE07CF953FA1AF972" box="[1311,1516,1707,1730]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Trifolium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="amabile">
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0BFFEEE07CF953FA1AF972" box="[1311,1516,1707,1730]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Trifolium amabile</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Throughout the year its diet is composed of 40.9% grass and sedges (leaves and stems), 22.4% herbaceous dicotyledons (leaves and stems), 7.5% roots, 5.8% sedge seed heads, 5.7% seeds, 3.1% flowers, 2.1% fungi, among others that were unidentified (12.4%). Diet is not based on a few dominant plant species. Only
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F6F84D274B0BFFEEE688F893FB94F832" box="[1003,1122,1899,1922]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Trifolium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="amabile">
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0BFFEEE688F893FB94F832" box="[1003,1122,1899,1922]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">T. amabile</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F6F84D274B0BFFEEE1FCF893FACEF832" box="[1183,1336,1899,1922]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Muhlenbergia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0BFFEEE1FCF893FACEF832" box="[1183,1336,1899,1922]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Muhlenbergia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
contributed just over 10% of the diet in some seasons. Most plant species contributed less than 1% with relatively little variation from one season to the next. Perhaps due to habitat stability, diet composition showed no marked seasonality, except that individuals ate more monocotyledons and roots during the dry season, and more dicotyledons and seeds in the rainy season (López-Wilchis and Torres-Flores 2005, 2007).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="314736A44B0AFFEFE5FBFE73FCEEFDF2" blockId="5.[107,793,203,1954]" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">
|
||
This diet contrasts with that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F6F84D274B0AFFEFE495FE73FD64FE12" authorityName="Goodwin" authorityYear="1966" box="[502,658,395,418]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="oaxacensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0AFFEFE495FE73FD64FE12" box="[502,658,395,418]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">M. oaxacensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which prefers wild strawberry stems and leaves and grasses (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="55694B554B0AFFEFE7E5FE53FF54FE52" author="SANCHEZ, H. C. & CARLOS, R. & ALVAREZ & AND M. de" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" pagination="95 - 98" refId="ref8926" refString="SANCHEZ, H. C., J. CARLOS, R. ALVAREZ, AND M. de L. ROMERO A. 1996. Biological and ecological aspects of Microtus oaxacensis and Microtus mexicanus. The Southwestern Naturalist 41: 95 - 98." type="journal article" year="1996">Sánchez et al. 1996</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The diet also differs from that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F6F84D274B0AFFEFE755FE33FD3BFE52" baseAuthorityName="Saussure" baseAuthorityYear="1861" box="[566,717,459,482]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mexicanus">
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0AFFEFE755FE33FD3BFE52" box="[566,717,459,482]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">M. mexicanus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
which mainly prefers grasses, and supplements its diet with leaves, stems, roots, and fruits from herbaceous plants and small amounts of fungi and arthropods (Matamoros-Trejo and Cervantes 1992).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="314736A44B0AFFEFE5FBFDB3FD24FCF2" blockId="5.[107,793,203,1954]" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0AFFEFE5FBFDB3FEAFFDD2" box="[152,345,587,611]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0AFFEFE5FBFDB3FECCFDD3" bold="true" box="[152,314,587,611]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">Miscellaneous</emphasis>
|
||
.—
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
The mites
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F6F84D274B0AFFEFE48EFDB3FCE7FDD2" baseAuthorityName="A.Berlese" baseAuthorityYear="1911" box="[493,785,587,610]" class="Arachnida" family="Laelapidae" genus="Androlaelaps" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mesostigmata" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fahrenholzi">
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0AFFEFE48EFDB3FCE7FDD2" box="[493,785,587,610]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">Androlaelaps fahrenholzi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F6F84D274B0AFFEFE50EFD93FEA9FD32" box="[109,351,619,642]" class="Arachnida" family="Laelapidae" genus="Echinonyssus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mesostigmata" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="isabelae">
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0AFFEFE50EFD93FEA9FD32" box="[109,351,619,642]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">Echinonyssus isabelae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F6F84D274B0AFFEFE40AFD93FD8CFD32" box="[361,634,619,642]" class="Arachnida" family="Trombiculidae" genus="Euschoengastia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Prostigmata" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zapoteca">
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0AFFEFE40AFD93FD8CFD32" box="[361,634,619,642]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">Euschoengastia zapoteca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F6F84D274B0AFFEFE7E7FD93FF02FD12" baseAuthorityName="Oudemans" baseAuthorityYear="1910" class="Arachnida" family="Trombiculidae" genus="Eutrombicula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Prostigmata" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alfreddugesi">
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0AFFEFE7E7FD93FF02FD12" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">Eutrombicula alfreddugesi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F6F84D274B0AFFEFE46BFD73FDF0FD12" baseAuthorityName="Koch" baseAuthorityYear="1841" box="[264,518,651,674]" class="Arachnida" family="Glycyphagidae" genus="Glycyphagus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astigmata" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hypudaei">
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0AFFEFE46BFD73FDF0FD12" box="[264,518,651,674]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">Glycyphagus hypudaei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F6F84D274B0AFFEFE779FD73FF6CFD72" baseAuthorityName="Thorell" baseAuthorityYear="1872" class="Arachnida" family="Laelapidae" genus="Haemogamasus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mesostigmata" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ambulans">
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0AFFEFE779FD73FF6CFD72" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">Haemogamasus ambulans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F6F84D274B0AFFEFE5CCFD53FEBAFD72" authorityName="Oudemans" authorityYear="1936" box="[175,332,683,706]" class="Arachnida" family="Ascidae" genus="Laelaps" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mesostigmata" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kochi">
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0AFFEFE5CCFD53FEBAFD72" box="[175,332,683,706]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">Laelaps kochi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F6F84D274B0AFFEFE403FD53FDE4FD72" box="[352,530,683,706]" class="Arachnida" family="Ascidae" genus="Laelaps" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mesostigmata" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nuttalli">
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0AFFEFE403FD53FDE4FD72" box="[352,530,683,706]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">Laelaps nuttalli</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F6F84D274B0AFFEFE746FD53FCE7FD72" box="[549,785,683,706]" class="Arachnida" family="Listrophoridae" genus="Listrophorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astigmata" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pitymys">
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0AFFEFE746FD53FCE7FD72" box="[549,785,683,706]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">Listrophorus pitymys</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F6F84D274B0AFFEFE50EFD33FEB5FD52" authorityName="Samsinak" authorityYear="1957" box="[109,323,715,738]" class="Arachnida" family="Myocoptidae" genus="Myocoptes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astigmata" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="glareoli">
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0AFFEFE50EFD33FEB5FD52" box="[109,323,715,738]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">Myocoptes glareoli</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F6F84D274B0AFFEFE436FD33FDACFD52" box="[341,602,715,738]" class="Arachnida" family="Trombiculidae" genus="Neotrombicula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Prostigmata" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="claudioi">
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0AFFEFE436FD33FDACFD52" box="[341,602,715,738]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">Neotrombicula claudioi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F6F84D274B0AFFEFE70FFD33FEFAFCB2" class="Arachnida" family="Listrophoridae" genus="Prolistrophorus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astigmata" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sclerobursatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0AFFEFE70FFD33FEFAFCB2" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">Prolistrophorus sclerobursatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F6F84D274B0AFFEFE435FD13FD21FCB2" box="[342,727,747,770]" class="Arachnida" family="Trombiculidae" genus="Pseudoschoengastia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Prostigmata" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pedregalensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0AFFEFE435FD13FD21FCB2" box="[342,727,747,770]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">Pseudoschoengastia pedregalensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have been found on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F6F84D274B0AFFEFE47CFCF3FE05FC92" authorityName=": Allen and Chapman" authorityYear="1897" box="[287,499,779,802]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="quasiater">
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0AFFEFE47CFCF3FE05FC92" box="[287,499,779,802]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">Microtus quasiater</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Estébanes-González and Smiley 1997; Estébanes-González and Cervantes 2005).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="314736A44B0AFFEFE5FBFCB3FD22F992" blockId="5.[107,793,203,1954]" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F6F84D274B0AFFEFE5FBFCB3FE9EFCD2" authorityName=": Allen and Chapman" authorityYear="1897" box="[152,360,843,866]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="quasiater">
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0AFFEFE5FBFCB3FE9EFCD2" box="[152,360,843,866]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">Microtus quasiater</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has been captured along with shrews (Goldman’s broad-clawed shrew
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F6F84D274B0AFFEFE4BAFC93FCEEFC32" authority=", Mexican" authorityName="Mexican" box="[473,792,875,898]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Cryptotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="goldmani">
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0AFFEFE4BAFC93FD5DFC32" box="[473,683,875,898]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">Cryptotis goldmani</emphasis>
|
||
, Mexican
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
small-eared shrew
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F6F84D274B0AFFEFE458FC73FE3CFC12" baseAuthorityName="Saussure" baseAuthorityYear="1861" box="[315,458,907,930]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mexicanus">
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0AFFEFE458FC73FE3CFC12" box="[315,458,907,930]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">C. mexicanus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, grizzled Mexican small-eared shrew
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F6F84D274B0AFFEFE5D5FC53FECEFC72" baseAuthorityName="Merriam" baseAuthorityYear="1895" box="[182,312,939,962]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Cryptotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="obscurus">
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0AFFEFE5D5FC53FECEFC72" box="[182,312,939,962]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">C. obscurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, North America least shrew
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F6F84D274B0AFFEFE714FC53FD14FC72" baseAuthorityName="Say" baseAuthorityYear="1823" box="[631,738,939,962]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Cryptotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parvus">
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0AFFEFE714FC53FD14FC72" box="[631,738,939,962]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">C. parvus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and vagrant shrew
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F6F84D274B0AFFEFE473FC33FE5DFC52" box="[272,427,971,994]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Sorex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vagrans">
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0AFFEFE473FC33FE5DFC52" box="[272,427,971,994]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">Sorex vagrans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), rodents (Mexican spiny pocket mouse
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F6F84D274B0AFFEFE5A3FC13FE8EFBB2" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1868" box="[192,376,1003,1026]" class="Mammalia" family="Heteromyidae" genus="Liomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="irroratus">
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0AFFEFE5A3FC13FE8EFBB2" box="[192,376,1003,1026]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">Liomys irroratus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, fulvous colilargo
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F6F84D274B0AFFEFE731FC13FF48FB92" baseAuthorityName="Saussure" baseAuthorityYear="1860" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Oligoryzomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fulvescens">
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0AFFEFE731FC13FF48FB92" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">Oligoryzomys fulvescens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, hispid pocket gopher
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F6F84D274B0AFFEFE4A3FBF3FD44FB92" baseAuthorityName="Le Conte" baseAuthorityYear="1852" box="[448,690,1035,1058]" class="Mammalia" family="Geomyidae" genus="Orthogeomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hispidus">
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0AFFEFE4A3FBF3FD44FB92" box="[448,690,1035,1058]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">Orthogeomys hispidus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, Alfaro’s oryzomys
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0AFFEFE587FBD3FE55FBF2" box="[228,419,1067,1090]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">Oryzomys alfaroi</emphasis>
|
||
, Chapman’s oryzomys
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F6F84D274B0AFFEFE7D7FBD3FF54FBD2" class="Mammalia" family="Geomyidae" genus="Orthogeomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chapmani">
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0AFFEFE7D7FBD3FF54FBD2" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">O. chapmani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, Coues’ oryzomys
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F6F84D274B0AFFEFE40EFBB3FDEDFBD2" authority=", Aztec" authorityName="Aztec" box="[365,539,1099,1122]" class="Mammalia" family="Geomyidae" genus="Orthogeomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="couesi">
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0AFFEFE40EFBB3FE27FBD2" box="[365,465,1099,1122]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">O. couesi</emphasis>
|
||
, Aztec
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
deermouse
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F6F84D274B0AFFEFE7FBFBB3FED1FB32" authority=", Orizaba" authorityName="Orizaba" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Peromyscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aztecus">
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0AFFEFE7FBFBB3FF4AFB32" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">Peromyscus aztecus</emphasis>
|
||
, Orizaba
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
deermouse
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F6F84D274B0AFFEFE4D8FB93FDD3FB32" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1903" box="[443,549,1131,1154]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Peromyscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="beatae">
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0AFFEFE4D8FB93FDD3FB32" box="[443,549,1131,1154]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">P. beatae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, blackish deermouse
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F6F84D274B0AFFEFE50EFB73FF39FB12" authorityName="J. A. Allen & Chapman" authorityYear="1897" box="[109,207,1163,1186]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Peromyscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="furvus">
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0AFFEFE50EFB73FF39FB12" box="[109,207,1163,1186]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">P. furvus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, white-footed deermouse
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F6F84D274B0AFFEFE491FB73FD99FB12" baseAuthorityName="Rafinesque" baseAuthorityYear="1818" box="[498,623,1163,1186]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Peromyscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leucopus">
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0AFFEFE491FB73FD99FB12" box="[498,623,1163,1186]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">P. leucopus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, nimble-footed deermouse
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F6F84D274B0AFFEFE58AFB53FEB9FB72" authorityName="Merriam" authorityYear="1898" box="[233,335,1195,1218]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Peromyscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="levipes">
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0AFFEFE58AFB53FEB9FB72" box="[233,335,1195,1218]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">P. levipes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, North American deermouse
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F6F84D274B0AFFEFE7F1FB53FF7AFB52" baseAuthorityName="Wagner" baseAuthorityYear="1845" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Peromyscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="maniculatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0AFFEFE7F1FB53FF7AFB52" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">P. maniculatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, fulvous harvest mouse
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F6F84D274B0AFFEFE4ECFB33FD4EFB52" authorityName="J. A. Allen" authorityYear="1894" box="[399,696,1227,1250]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Reithrodontomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fulvescens">
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0AFFEFE4ECFB33FD4EFB52" box="[399,696,1227,1250]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">Reithrodontomys fulvescens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, western harvest mouse
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F6F84D274B0AFFEFE476FB13FDFDFAB2" authority=", Mexican" authorityName="Mexican" box="[277,523,1259,1282]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Reithrodontomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="megalotis">
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0AFFEFE476FB13FE6BFAB2" box="[277,413,1259,1282]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">R. megalotis</emphasis>
|
||
, Mexican
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
harvest mouse
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F6F84D274B0AFFEFE7DFFB13FF5DFA92" baseAuthorityName="Saussure" baseAuthorityYear="1861" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mexicanus">
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0AFFEFE7DFFB13FF5DFA92" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">R. mexicanus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, Sumichrast’s harvest mouse
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F6F84D274B0AFFEFE494FAF3FD62FA92" baseAuthorityName="Saussure" baseAuthorityYear="1861" box="[503,660,1291,1314]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Reithrodontomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sumichrasti">
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0AFFEFE494FAF3FD62FA92" box="[503,660,1291,1314]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">R. sumichrasti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, red-bellied squirrel
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F6F84D274B0AFFEFE5AAFAD3FE52FAF2" authorityName="F. Cuvier" authorityYear="1829" box="[201,420,1323,1346]" class="Mammalia" family="Sciuridae" genus="Sciurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aureogaster">
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0AFFEFE5AAFAD3FE52FAF2" box="[201,420,1323,1346]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">Sciurus aureogaster</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and Deppe’s squirrel
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F6F84D274B0AFFEFE7C0FAD3FCFEFAF2" authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1863" box="[675,776,1323,1346]" class="Mammalia" family="Sciuridae" genus="Sciurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="deppei">
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0AFFEFE7C0FAD3FCFEFAF2" box="[675,776,1323,1346]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">S. deppei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), marsupials (common opossum
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F6F84D274B0AFFEFE480FAB3FD2BFAD2" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[483,733,1355,1378]" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Didelphis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="marsupialis">
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0AFFEFE480FAB3FD2BFAD2" box="[483,733,1355,1378]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">Didelphis marsupialis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and Mexican mouse opossum
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F6F84D274B0AFFEFE4EFFA93FD97FA32" authorityName="Merriam" authorityYear="1897" box="[396,609,1387,1410]" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Marmosa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mexicana">
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0AFFEFE4EFFA93FD97FA32" box="[396,609,1387,1410]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">Marmosa mexicana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), and carnivores (ringtail
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F6F84D274B0AFFEFE5B2FA73FE5CFA12" baseAuthorityName="Lichtenstein" baseAuthorityYear="1830" box="[209,426,1419,1442]" class="Mammalia" family="Procyonidae" genus="Bassariscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="astutus">
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0AFFEFE5B2FA73FE5CFA12" box="[209,426,1419,1442]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">Bassariscus astutus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and long-tailed weasel
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F6F84D274B0AFFEFE7A1FA73FF4FFA72" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Mustela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="frenata">
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0AFFEFE7A1FA73FF4FFA72" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">Mustela frenata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
—
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="55694B554B0AFFEFE5B7FA53FEA7FA72" author="DAVIS, W. B." box="[212,337,1451,1474]" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" pagination="370 - 403" refId="ref7119" refString="DAVIS, W. B. 1944. Notes on Mexican mammals. Journal of Mammalogy 25: 370 - 403." type="journal article" year="1944">Davis 1944</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Baker and Villa-R. 1953;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="55694B554B0AFFEFE7E2FA53FCE6FA72" author="HOOPER, E. T." box="[641,784,1451,1474]" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" pagination="1 - 9" refId="ref7722" refString="HOOPER, E. T. 1957. Records of Mexican mammals. Occasional Papers Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan 586: 1 - 9." type="journal article" year="1957">Hooper 1957</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Hall and Dalquest 1963; Ramírez-Pulido et al. 1991, 2004). The Mexican garter snake,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F6F84D274B0AFFEFE409FA13FDDEF9B2" box="[362,552,1515,1538]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Thamnopis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="eques">
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0AFFEFE409FA13FDDEF9B2" box="[362,552,1515,1538]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">Thamnopis eques</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, is one of the known predators of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F6F84D274B0AFFEFE597F9F3FD39F992" authority="(Macias and Drummond 1988)" baseAuthorityName="Macias and Drummond" baseAuthorityYear="1988" box="[244,719,1547,1570]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="quasiater">
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0AFFEFE597F9F3FEFCF992" box="[244,266,1547,1570]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">M</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0AFFEFE47BF9F3FE8BF992" box="[280,381,1547,1570]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">quasiater</emphasis>
|
||
(Macías and Drummond 1988)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="314736A44B0AFFEFE5FBF9D3FE96F892" blockId="5.[107,793,203,1954]" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F6F84D274B0AFFEFE5FBF9D3FE93F9F2" baseAuthorityName="Macias and Drummond" baseAuthorityYear="1988" box="[152,357,1579,1602]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="quasiater">
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0AFFEFE5FBF9D3FE93F9F2" box="[152,357,1579,1602]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">Microtus quasiater</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is an uncommon species with a limited geographic distribution and small populations. Ramírez-Pulido et al. (1991:347) reported only 1–
|
||
<specimenCount id="27FEFD2D4B0AFFEFE4B6F993FD9FF932" box="[469,617,1643,1666]" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" type="generic">26 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
for 34 localities in appropriate habitat. Mammal collections in the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="49EF76344B0AFFEFE7EAF973FCEFF912" box="[649,793,1675,1698]" name="United States of America" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">United States</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="49EF76344B0AFFEFE5FDF953FF18F972" box="[158,238,1707,1730]" name="Canada" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">Canada</collectingCountry>
|
||
contain 89 distributional records for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F6F84D274B0AFFEFE7E4F953FCE4F972" baseAuthorityName="Macias and Drummond" baseAuthorityYear="1988" box="[647,786,1707,1730]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="quasiater">
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0AFFEFE7E4F953FD6BF972" box="[647,669,1707,1730]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">M</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0AFFEFE7CEF953FCE4F972" box="[685,786,1707,1730]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">quasiater</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Most collections have fewer than
|
||
<specimenCount id="27FEFD2D4B0AFFEFE4ACF933FDA2F952" box="[463,596,1739,1762]" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" type="generic">5 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
, only 5 collections have 10 or more individuals, and only 1 contains 20 vouchers (López-Wilchis 2003).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="314736A44B0AFFEFE5FBF8D3FB5EFE12" blockId="5.[107,793,203,1954]" lastBlockId="5.[840,1524,203,418]" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F6F84D274B0AFFEFE5FBF8D3FE92F8F2" baseAuthorityName="Macias and Drummond" baseAuthorityYear="1988" box="[152,356,1835,1858]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="quasiater">
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0AFFEFE5FBF8D3FE92F8F2" box="[152,356,1835,1858]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">Microtus quasiater</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is usually easily caught in Sherman live traps (H. B. Sherman Traps, Inc., Tallahassee,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="F33CF8464B0AFFEFE714F8B3FD30F8D2" box="[631,710,1867,1890]" country="United States of America" name="Florida" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">Florida</collectingRegion>
|
||
) baited with an oat-vanilla extract mix. Because this species is sensitive to chilling, traps should be provided with fiber bedding and covered with plastic to avoid mortality during the night. Similar precautions are necessary for traps exposed to the sun during hot and dry days (López-Wilchis and Torres-Flores 2007). Toeclipping is considered an appropriate method for marking this vole; marked individuals using this method heal quickly and no negative effects were detected on subsequent recaptures (López- Wilchis and Torres-Flores 2005).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</subSection>
|
||
<subSection id="58772F4F4B0AFFEFE131FE1EFAD0FC51" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" type="multiple">
|
||
<subSubSection id="79E2652F4B0AFFEFE131FE1EFAD0FC51" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="314736A44B0AFFEFE131FE1EFB1CFDB0" blockId="5.[1106,1258,486,512]" box="[1106,1258,486,512]" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">
|
||
<heading id="6A0F81C84B0AFFEFE131FE1EFB1CFDB0" allCaps="true" bold="true" box="[1106,1258,486,512]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" reason="6">
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0AFFEFE131FE1EFB1CFDB0" bold="true" box="[1106,1258,486,512]" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">GENETICS</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="314736A44B0AFFEFE610FDD2FAD0FC51" blockId="5.[840,1525,554,993]" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">
|
||
The karyotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F6F84D274B0AFFEFE124FDD2FAEFFDF1" baseAuthorityName="Macias and Drummond" baseAuthorityYear="1988" box="[1095,1305,554,577]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="quasiater">
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0AFFEFE124FDD2FAEFFDF1" box="[1095,1305,554,577]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">Microtus quasiater</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
contains a diploid number (2n) of 62 chromosomes and fundamental number (FN) of 66 (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="55694B554B0AFFEFE6F7FD92FB8AFD31" author="CERVANTES, F. A. & J. MARTiNEZ & AND R. M." box="[916,1148,618,641]" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" pagination="373 - 377" refId="ref6631" refString="CERVANTES, F. A., J. MARTiNEZ, AND R. M. GONZALES. 1994. Karyotypes of the Mexican tropical voles Microtus quasiater and Microtus umbrosus (Arvicolinae: Muridae). Acta Theriologica 39: 373 - 377." type="journal article" year="1994">Cervantes et al. 1994</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The autosomes consist of 1 pair of large metacentrics, 2 pairs of small submetacentrics, and 27 pairs of small or medium-sized telocentric chromosomes. The X chromosome is a medium-sized submetacentric, the Y is a small telocentric. The diploid number for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F6F84D274B0AFFEFE1AFFD12FAA0FCB1" baseAuthorityName="Macias and Drummond" baseAuthorityYear="1988" box="[1228,1366,746,769]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="quasiater">
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0AFFEFE1AFFD12FAA0FCB1" box="[1228,1366,746,769]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">M. quasiater</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is the same as that of the closely related
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F6F84D274B0AFFEFE102FCF2FB04FC91" baseAuthorityName="Le Conte" baseAuthorityYear="1830" box="[1121,1266,778,801]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pinetorum">
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0AFFEFE102FCF2FB04FC91" box="[1121,1266,778,801]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">M. pinetorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, it is higher than postulated for the hypothetical ancestral karyotype (2n = 56) for the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F6F84D274B0AFFEFE629FCB2FC3DFCD1" authorityName="J.E.Gray" authorityYear="1821" box="[842,971,842,865]" class="Mammalia" family="Arvicolinae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Arvicolinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and the fundamental number is the highest among the 7 species of Mexican voles (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="55694B554B0AFFEFE1F4FC92FA84FC31" author="CERVANTES, F. A. & J. MARTiNEZ & AND R. M." box="[1175,1394,874,897]" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" pagination="373 - 377" refId="ref6631" refString="CERVANTES, F. A., J. MARTiNEZ, AND R. M. GONZALES. 1994. Karyotypes of the Mexican tropical voles Microtus quasiater and Microtus umbrosus (Arvicolinae: Muridae). Acta Theriologica 39: 373 - 377." type="journal article" year="1994">Cervantes et al. 1994</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="55694B554B0AFFEFE0EAFC92FC3BFC11" author="CERVANTES, F. A. & J. MARTiNEZ & AND R. M." pageId="5" pageNumber="64" pagination="373 - 377" refId="ref6631" refString="CERVANTES, F. A., J. MARTiNEZ, AND R. M. GONZALES. 1994. Karyotypes of the Mexican tropical voles Microtus quasiater and Microtus umbrosus (Arvicolinae: Muridae). Acta Theriologica 39: 373 - 377." type="journal article" year="1994">Cervantes et al. (1994)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
also argue that the karyotypes of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F6F84D274B0AFFEFE05FFC72FA30FC11" baseAuthorityName="Macias and Drummond" baseAuthorityYear="1988" box="[1340,1478,906,929]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="quasiater">
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0AFFEFE05FFC72FA30FC11" box="[1340,1478,906,929]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">M. quasiater</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F6F84D274B0AFFEFE62AFC52FC24FC71" authorityName="Merriam" authorityYear="1898" box="[841,978,938,961]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="umbrosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0AFFEFE62AFC52FC24FC71" box="[841,978,938,961]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">M. umbrosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are closer to the ancestral karyotype than to that of the other microtine species found in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="49EF76344B0AFFEFE1AEFC32FAD4FC51" box="[1229,1314,970,993]" name="Mexico" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</subSection>
|
||
<subSection id="58772F4F4B0AFFECE149FBD0FDE8FD12" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="65" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" type="multiple">
|
||
<subSubSection id="79E2652F4B0AFFECE149FBD0FDE8FD12" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="65" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" type="conservation">
|
||
<paragraph id="314736A44B0AFFEFE149FBD0FAE7FBF2" blockId="5.[1066,1297,1064,1090]" box="[1066,1297,1064,1090]" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">
|
||
<heading id="6A0F81C84B0AFFEFE149FBD0FAE7FBF2" allCaps="true" bold="true" box="[1066,1297,1064,1090]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" reason="6">
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0AFFEFE149FBD0FAE7FBF2" bold="true" box="[1066,1297,1064,1090]" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">CONSERVATION</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="314736A44B0AFFEFE610FB93FB73FA12" blockId="5.[839,1525,1131,1954]" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F6F84D274B0AFFEFE610FB93FBBEFB32" baseAuthorityName="Macias and Drummond" baseAuthorityYear="1988" box="[883,1096,1131,1154]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="quasiater">
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0AFFEFE610FB93FBBEFB32" box="[883,1096,1131,1154]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">Microtus quasiater</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
occurs in small populations, has a restricted geographic distribution, and has experienced the destruction and fragmentation of its primary habitat. The specie is considered “Near Threatened” by the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (Alvarez et al. 2010). The Mexican government lists this species in the risk category of “subjected to special protection” (Secretaría de Medio Ambiente y Recursos Naturales 2010). It is not listed by the Convention on International Trade in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="55694B554B0AFFEFE19CFA93FB8BFA12" author="CONVENTION ON INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN ENDANGERED SPECIES OF WILD FAUNA AND FLORA" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" refId="ref6941" refString="CONVENTION ON INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN ENDANGERED SPECIES OF WILD FAUNA AND FLORA. 2017. Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora appendix I and appendix II. www. cites. org / eng / app / appendices. shtml. Accessed 30 May 2018." type="book" year="2017">Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (2017)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="314736A44B0AFFEFE610FA53FB28F972" blockId="5.[839,1525,1131,1954]" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">
|
||
The typical habitat for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F6F84D274B0AFFEFE108FA53FB02FA72" baseAuthorityName="Macias and Drummond" baseAuthorityYear="1988" box="[1131,1268,1451,1474]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="quasiater">
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0AFFEFE108FA53FB02FA72" box="[1131,1268,1451,1474]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">M. quasiater</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has been severely fragmented in recent times. Sánchez-Cordero et al. (2005) estimated that 45.7% of its former habitat has been lost. Most of the specimens in collections came from localities in the Mexican state of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="F33CF8464B0AFFEFE62BF9D3FC5CF9F2" box="[840,938,1579,1602]" country="Mexico" name="Veracruz de Ignacio de la Llave" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">Veracruz</collectingRegion>
|
||
; but using geographic information systems (GIS) and recent distributional records, reveal that suitable habitat for this species now is restricted to only small areas situated in the main mountain ranges in the central part of the state. The species
|
||
<superScript id="C68D9BEC4B0AFFEFE0A2F971FA33F927" attach="left" box="[1473,1477,1673,1687]" fontSize="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">,</superScript>
|
||
status is unknown elsewhere in its range.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="314736A44B0AFFECE610F933FE4AFEF2" blockId="5.[839,1525,1131,1954]" lastBlockId="6.[109,794,203,674]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="65" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">
|
||
There are no details on the adaptation of the species to anthropogenic change. Only Ramirez-Pulido et al. (1991) mentioned in a very general way that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F6F84D274B0AFFEFE126F8F3FB3BF892" baseAuthorityName="Macias and Drummond" baseAuthorityYear="1988" box="[1093,1229,1803,1826]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="quasiater">
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B0AFFEFE126F8F3FB3BF892" box="[1093,1229,1803,1826]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">M. quasiater</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be found at the edge of land cultivated with fruit trees, sugarcane, or corn; also in secondary herbaceous vegetation of cropland and rangeland for cattle pastures where originally there was a mountain cloud forest. It is interesting that Allen and Chapman 1897:207–208 reported that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F6F84D274B09FFECE5FDFF33FEDFFF52" baseAuthorityName="Macias and Drummond" baseAuthorityYear="1988" box="[158,297,203,226]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="6" pageNumber="65" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="quasiater">
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B09FFECE5FDFF33FEDFFF52" box="[158,297,203,226]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">M. quasiater</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is “Abundant in weedy fields, and especially so in old cornfields, …” because both
|
||
<typeStatus id="EE4388064B09FFECE77FFF13FDA2FEB2" box="[540,596,235,258]" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">types</typeStatus>
|
||
of vegetation are not its typical habitat and currently it is very difficult to find
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F6F84D274B09FFECE79FFEF3FF24FEF2" baseAuthorityName="Macias and Drummond" baseAuthorityYear="1988" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="6" pageNumber="65" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="quasiater">
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B09FFECE79FFEF3FCE4FE92" box="[764,786,267,290]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">M</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B09FFECE50EFED3FF24FEF2" box="[109,210,299,322]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">quasiater</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
within these habitats.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="314736A44B09FFECE5FBFEB3FDE8FD12" blockId="6.[109,794,203,674]" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">
|
||
Extensive surveys with Sherman live traps (300–500 per night) were carried out by us in 19 of the 34 localities previously reported by Ramírez-Pulido et al. (1991) and in 8 of them we did not capture any specimens. Two locations with the highest abundances no longer exist: the
|
||
<typeStatus id="EE4388064B09FFECE4B0FE33FDF7FE52" box="[467,513,459,482]" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality (
|
||
<quantity id="F6009B414B09FFECE70EFE33FD51FE52" box="[621,679,459,482]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="65" unit="km" value="5.0">5 km</quantity>
|
||
N Jalapa,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="F33CF8464B09FFECE50EFE13FF3BFDB2" box="[109,205,491,514]" country="Mexico" name="Veracruz de Ignacio de la Llave" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">Veracruz</collectingRegion>
|
||
) now is inside the urban area in the city of Jalapa, and the locality at
|
||
<quantity id="F6009B414B09FFECE469FDF3FEA0FD92" box="[266,342,523,546]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" pageId="6" pageNumber="65" unit="km" value="5.5">5.5 km</quantity>
|
||
northeast of Zacapoaxtla,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="F33CF8464B09FFECE716FDF3FD4BFD92" box="[629,701,523,546]" country="Mexico" name="Puebla" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">Puebla</collectingRegion>
|
||
(López- Wilchis and Torres-Flores 2005, 2007) was totally destroyed by the collapse of a hillside. Of the 33 protected areas decreed by the Mexican government located in central
|
||
<collectingCountry id="49EF76344B09FFECE757FD93FD71FD32" box="[564,647,619,642]" name="Mexico" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">México</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F6F84D274B09FFECE7F2FD93FCEEFD32" baseAuthorityName="Macias and Drummond" baseAuthorityYear="1988" box="[657,792,619,642]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="6" pageNumber="65" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="quasiater">
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B09FFECE7F2FD93FCEEFD32" box="[657,792,619,642]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">M. quasiater</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
occurs in only one (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="55694B554B09FFECE45DFD73FDF8FD12" author="PETERSON, A. T. & EGBERT, V. & AND K. P." box="[318,526,651,674]" pageId="6" pageNumber="65" pagination="85 - 94" refId="ref8587" refString="PETERSON, A. T., S. L., EGBERT, V. SANCHEZ- CORDERO, AND K. P. PRICE. 2000. Geographic analysis of conservation priority: endemic birds and mammals in Veracruz, Mexico. Biological Conservation 93: 85 - 94." type="journal article" year="2000">Peterson et al. 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</subSection>
|
||
<subSection id="58772F4F4B09FFECE41BFD1CFEC9FBAE" pageId="6" pageNumber="65" type="multiple">
|
||
<subSubSection id="79E2652F4B09FFECE41BFD1CFEC9FBAE" pageId="6" pageNumber="65" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="314736A44B09FFECE41BFD1CFDF8FD4E" blockId="6.[376,526,740,766]" box="[376,526,740,766]" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">
|
||
<heading id="6A0F81C84B09FFECE41BFD1CFDF8FD4E" allCaps="true" bold="true" box="[376,526,740,766]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="65" reason="6">
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B09FFECE41BFD1CFDF8FD4E" bold="true" box="[376,526,740,766]" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">REMARKS</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="314736A44B09FFECE5FBFCDFFEC9FBAE" blockId="6.[108,792,807,1054]" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F6F84D274B09FFECE5FBFCDFFE94FC8E" baseAuthorityName="Macias and Drummond" baseAuthorityYear="1988" box="[152,354,807,830]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="6" pageNumber="65" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="quasiater">
|
||
<emphasis id="038CEAB64B09FFECE5FBFCDFFE94FC8E" box="[152,354,807,830]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">Microtus quasiater</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is relatively well represented in Mexico’s collections, with a total amount of
|
||
<specimenCount id="27FEFD2D4B09FFECE49AFCBFFD6DFCEE" box="[505,667,839,862]" pageId="6" pageNumber="65" type="generic">305 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
(Comisión Nacional para el Conocimiento y Uso de la Biodiversidad 2013a; Unidad
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="55694B554B09FFECE5A6FC7FFD64FC2E" author="UNIDAD DE INFORMATICA PARA LA BIODIVERSIDAD" box="[197,658,903,926]" pageId="6" pageNumber="65" refId="ref9121" refString="UNIDAD DE INFORMATICA PARA LA BIODIVERSIDAD. 2013. Instituto de Biologia. Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico. http: // unibio. unam. mx /. Accessed 10 November 2013." type="url" year="2013">de Informática para la Biodiversidad 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). There is a total of
|
||
<specimenCount id="27FEFD2D4B09FFECE5DCFC5FFEAAFC0E" box="[191,348,935,958]" pageId="6" pageNumber="65" type="generic">273 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
in collections housed in the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="49EF76344B09FFECE7E9FC5FFCEEFC0E" box="[650,792,935,958]" name="United States of America" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">United States</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="49EF76344B09FFECE5FCFC3FFF19FC6E" box="[159,239,967,990]" name="Canada" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">Canada</collectingCountry>
|
||
(López-Wilchis 2003). In both countries, almost all specimens were collected in the Mexican states of Veracruz, Hidalgo, or Puebla.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</subSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |