treatments-xml/data/03/D2/44/03D24409FFD5784379DE1095FB8C2F81.xml

<document id="1CA4546666A95F0DCE3FD55888C91D12" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.185409" ID-GBIF-Dataset="1e8adb1d-85ac-48e8-98ba-42355c1d777a" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="185409" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1459985649705" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Penz, Carla M." docDate="2009" docId="03D24409FFD5784379DE1095FB8C2F81" docLanguage="en" docName="zt01985p020.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1985" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Opoptera staudingeri Godman &amp; Salvin 1894" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="13" masterDocId="FFEB3C71FFDE784F79491612FFC02E23" masterDocTitle="The phylogeny of Opoptera butterflies, and an assessment of the systematic position of O. staudingeri (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae)" masterLastPageNumber="20" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="12" updateTime="1698232223456" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="260159ECD799F1858813E4B25AADE16D">The phylogeny of Opoptera butterflies, and an assessment of the systematic position of O. staudingeri (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="D4F8CAFAADA81D7069F3DE836C365FF9">Penz, Carla M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="44A07F655CDA8684B215E232E02D502F">2009</mods:date>
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<treatment id="03D24409FFD5784379DE1095FB8C2F81" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6221776" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119379195" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6221776" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D24409FFD5784379DE1095FB8C2F81" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D24409FFD5784379DE1095FB8C2F81" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
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<paragraph id="8BC4F51FFFD5784479DE1095FD1D2882" blockId="11.[151,733,1671,1732]" box="[151,733,1671,1697]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<heading id="D08C4273FFD5784479DE1095FD1D2882" bold="true" box="[151,733,1671,1697]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C7B8E9CFFD5784479DE1095FD1D2882" ID-CoL="6SS6L" authority="Godman &amp; Salvin, 1894" authorityName="Godman &amp; Salvin" authorityYear="1894" box="[151,733,1671,1697]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Opoptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="staudingeri">
<emphasis id="B90F290DFFD5784479DE1095FD1D2882" bold="true" box="[151,733,1671,1697]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<emphasis id="B90F290DFFD5784479DE1095FE572882" bold="true" box="[151,407,1671,1697]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Opoptera staudingeri</emphasis>
(Godman &amp; Salvin, 1894)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC4F51FFFD5784479DE10B8FE1328E7" blockId="11.[151,733,1671,1732]" box="[151,467,1706,1732]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
(
<figureCitation id="1340E99AFFD5784479D610B8FF2128E7" box="[159,225,1706,1732]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,255,1348,1372]" captionTargetBox="[158,1434,278,1330]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,221,1334]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Opoptera adult males, dorsal side on the left, ventral side on the right. Scale bar next to A = 1 cm. (A) syme, Brazil, São Paulo. (B) sulcius, Brazil, Santa Catarina, Taió. (C) fruhstorferi, Brazil, Santa Catarina, Taió. (D) aorsa, Brazil, Paraná, Toledo. (E) hilaris, Middle Ecuador. (F) staudingeri, Costa Rica, Heredia, Puerto Viejo. (G) arsippe, Peru, Chuchurras. (H) bracteolata, Bolivia. Schematic representation and photographic detail of the HW discal cell region showing male sent organs. Venation terminology is given in I. Dashed lines represent the scent-pocket next to vein Cu 2. (I) sulcius, Brazil, Santa Catarina, Taió; note thin hairpencil inserted into scent-pocket. (J) hilaris, Bolivia; note the three hairbrushes. (K) staudingeri, note the broad hairbrush inside discal cell. (L) arsippe, Peru, Chuchurras; note the open scent organ and long HW discal cell hairbrush." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/185410/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
F, 2F, 4F, 5F, 
<date id="FFC5D3DFFFD5784478CA10B8FE5D28E7" box="[387,413,1706,1732]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">5I</date>
, 6F)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C361A694FFD5784479DE10E8FE682937" box="[151,424,1786,1812]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BC4F51FFFD5784479DE10E8FE682937" blockId="11.[151,1436,1786,2012]" box="[151,424,1786,1812]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<emphasis id="B90F290DFFD5784479DE10E8FEFC2937" bold="true" box="[151,316,1786,1812]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<typeStatus id="54C04BBDFFD5784479DE10E8FF142937" box="[151,212,1786,1812]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Type</typeStatus>
locality.
</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="F36CB58FFFD57844780D10E8FE652937" box="[324,421,1786,1812]" name="Panama" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Panama</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C361A694FFD57843798E1130FC7C2F21" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BC4F51FFFD57844798E1130FA5C29FF" blockId="11.[151,1436,1786,2012]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<emphasis id="B90F290DFFD57844798E1130FE87291F" bold="true" box="[199,327,1826,1852]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Male FW length 
<quantity id="4C8358FAFFD578447B571130FDB3291F" box="[542,627,1826,1852]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.6" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="mm" value="46.0">46 mm</quantity>
(based on specimen in Appendix 1). FW apex slightly pointed and HW margin smooth. Wings with orange-brown background. FW with a conspicuous orange postmedial band that has a narrow proximal arm, and a reduced distal arm that is barely visible inside cells M2 and M1. HW with a well-developed orange marginal band. HW outline slightly bulging below M3, which is particularly obvious in the female in 
<figureCitation id="1340E99AFFD5784478F411D0FDC329FF" box="[445,515,1986,2012]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,255,1865,1889]" captionTargetBox="[156,1414,789,1834]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,770,1841]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Opoptera adult females, dorsal side on the left, ventral side on the right. Scale bar next to A = 1 cm. (A) syme, South America. (B) sulcius, Brazil, Santa Catarina. (C) fruhstorferi South Brazil. (D) aorsa, Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, Nova Friburgo. (E) hilaris, Ecuador, Sucumbios. (F) staudingeri, Costa Rica, Heredia, Puerto Viejo. Venation of O. syme, drawn from the ventral side. Vein thickness is not represented. (G) male FW. (H) male HW, note the bulge on the wing surface at vein Cu 2 that represents the scent-pocket." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/185411/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
Fig. 
<specimenCount id="9D7D3E96FFD5784478BD11D0FDC329FF" box="[500,515,1986,2012]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="generic">2</specimenCount>
</figureCitation>
F. Males lack a thin hairpencil inside HW discal cell, but have a scent-pocket.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC4F51FFFD2784379DE168AFC7C2F21" blockId="12.[151,1436,152,418]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
Females similar to, but paler than males. Overall gestalt similar to species of 
<taxonomicName id="4C7B8E9CFFD278437D0A168AFB052E92" box="[1091,1221,152,177]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Catoblepia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90F290DFFD278437D0A168AFB052E92" box="[1091,1221,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Catoblepia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Unique genitalic characters include: dorsal outline of tegumen flat in lateral view; twisted valvae; and sterigma with two large, lateral, folded over projections with jagged edges and minute spines.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C361A694FFD27843798E171DFA522F09" box="[199,1426,271,298]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BC4F51FFFD27843798E171DFA522F09" blockId="12.[151,1436,152,418]" box="[199,1426,271,298]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="B90F290DFFD27843798E171DFEA72F0A" bold="true" box="[199,359,271,297]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Distribution.</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="F36CB58FFFD2784378271702FE0E2F09" box="[366,462,272,298]" name="Panama" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Panama</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F36CB58FFFD2784378931702FD992F09" box="[474,601,272,298]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
to 
<collectingCountry id="F36CB58FFFD278437B361702FD192F09" box="[639,729,272,298]" name="Mexico" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Mexico</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFEA88EEFFD278437BA11702FC722F09" author="Fruhstorfer" box="[744,946,272,298]" pageId="12" pageNumber="16" refString="Fruhstorfer, H. (1912) Family: Brassolidae, p 285 - 332. In: A. Seitz (ed.). Die Gross-schmetterlinge der erde, Volume 5. Alfred Kernen, Stuttgard. 1024 p." type="book chapter" year="1912">Fruhstorfer 1912</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFEA88EEFFD278437AF71702FB6A2F09" author="Maza" box="[958,1194,272,298]" pageId="12" pageNumber="17" refString="Maza, J. &amp; Maza, R. G. (1989) Una nueva subespecie de Opoptera staudingeri (G. y S. 1894) de Mexico (Nymphalidae: Brassolinae). Revista de la Sociedad mexicana de Lepidopterologia, 13, 25 - 28." type="journal article" year="1989">Maza &amp; Maza 1989</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFEA88EEFFD278437DFF1702FA462F09" author="Casagrande" box="[1206,1414,272,298]" pageId="12" pageNumber="16" refString="Casagrande, M. M. (2004) Brassolini. p. 201 - 205. In: J. B. Heppner (ed.). Atlas of Neotropical Lepidoptera. Part 4 A Checklist (ed. by G. Lamas). Association of Tropical Lepidoptera / Scientific publishers, Gainesville. 439 p." type="book chapter" year="2004">Casagrande 2004</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C361A694FFD27843798E1725FB8C2F81" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BC4F51FFFD27843798E1725FB8C2F81" blockId="12.[151,1436,152,418]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="B90F290DFFD27843798E1725FE802F72" bold="true" box="[199,320,311,337]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Remarks.</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFEA88EEFFD278437801172AFDE62F71" author="Casagrande" box="[328,550,312,338]" pageId="12" pageNumber="16" refString="Casagrande, M. M. (2004) Brassolini. p. 201 - 205. In: J. B. Heppner (ed.). Atlas of Neotropical Lepidoptera. Part 4 A Checklist (ed. by G. Lamas). Association of Tropical Lepidoptera / Scientific publishers, Gainesville. 439 p." type="book chapter" year="2004">Casagrande (2004)</bibRefCitation>
lists two subspecies; the nominal 
<taxonomicName id="4C7B8E9CFFD278437AF0172AFBFF2F72" box="[953,1087,312,337]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Opoptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="staudingeri">
<emphasis id="B90F290DFFD278437AF0172AFBFF2F72" box="[953,1087,312,337]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">staudingeri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from 
<collectingCountry id="F36CB58FFFD278437DCE172AFB272F71" box="[1159,1255,312,338]" name="Panama" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Panama</collectingCountry>
, plus 
<emphasis id="B90F290DFFD278437C65172AFA5C2F72" box="[1324,1436,312,337]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">mexicana</emphasis>
Maza &amp; Maza from 
<collectingCountry id="F36CB58FFFD2784378C21772FE252F59" box="[395,485,352,378]" name="Mexico" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Mexico</collectingCountry>
(not available for examination). 
<taxonomicName id="4C7B8E9CFFD278437A241772FBAC2F5A" box="[877,1132,352,377]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Opoptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="staudingeri">
<emphasis id="B90F290DFFD278437A241772FBAC2F5A" box="[877,1132,352,377]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Opoptera staudingeri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is the only species of the genus for which a description of early stages has been published (
<bibRefCitation id="EFEA88EEFFD278437ADE179AFBFF2F81" author="DeVries" box="[919,1087,392,418]" pageId="12" pageNumber="16" refString="DeVries, P. J. (1987) The Butterflies of Costa Rica and their Natural History. Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey. 327 p." type="book" year="1987">DeVries 1987</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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