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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/JHR.42.8859" ID-GBIF-Dataset="ee033eda-86a4-4e04-9dc8-9372c57cc969" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2607-42-33" ID-Pensoft-UUID="9442211CBD5B2476FFB3C070FFDEFF90" ID-ZBK="EDB62E1DE5F9499DB549A8F05C810F5E" ID-Zenodo-Dep="575055" ID-ZooBank="EDB62E1DE5F9499DB549A8F05C810F5E" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2015" ModsDocID="1314-2607-42-33" ModsDocOrigin="Journal of Hymenoptera Research 42" ModsDocTitle="Aenictusyangi sp. n. – a new species of the A.ceylonicus species group (Hymenoptera, Formicidae, Dorylinae) from Yunnan, China" checkinTime="1451252227227" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Liu, Cong, Hita Garcia, Francisco, Peng, Yan-Qiong &amp; Economo, Evan P." docDate="2015" docId="31320F7AC4AF19F4DA6A1A3CFC49BCC7" docLanguage="en" docName="JourHymenoptRes 42: 33-45" docOrigin="Journal of Hymenoptera Research 42" docPubDate="2015-03-18" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/JHR.42.8859" docTitle="Aenictus yangi Liu &amp; Hita Garcia &amp; Peng &amp; Economo 2015, sp. n." docType="treatment" docUuid="EF119658-0F74-48A9-8E5A-0CD76CF97143" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="4" id="9442211CBD5B2476FFB3C070FFDEFF90" lastPageNumber="40" masterDocId="9442211CBD5B2476FFB3C070FFDEFF90" masterDocTitle="Aenictus yangi sp. n. - a new species of the A. ceylonicus species group (Hymenoptera, Formicidae, Dorylinae) from Yunnan, China" masterLastPageNumber="45" masterPageNumber="33" pageNumber="37" updateTime="1678745619860" updateUser="pensoft">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Aenictus yangi sp. n. - a new species of the A. ceylonicus species group (Hymenoptera, Formicidae, Dorylinae) from Yunnan, China</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Liu, Cong</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8664-6931</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">cong.liu0514@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Hita Garcia, Francisco</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4709-3083</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Peng, Yan-Qiong</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Economo, Evan P.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7402-0432</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Journal of Hymenoptera Research</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2015</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2015-03-18</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>42</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>33</mods:start>
<mods:end>45</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/JHR.42.8859</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/JHR.42.8859</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2607-42-33</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">EDB62E1DE5F9499DB549A8F05C810F5E</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">9442211CBD5B2476FFB3C070FFDEFF90</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">575055</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152017996" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:EF119658-0F74-48A9-8E5A-0CD76CF97143" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/31320F7AC4AF19F4DA6A1A3CFC49BCC7" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="40" pageId="4" pageNumber="37">
<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="37" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="37">
<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/EF119658-0F74-48A9-8E5A-0CD76CF97143" authority="Liu &amp; Hita Garcia &amp; Peng &amp; Economo, 2015" authorityName="Liu &amp; Hita Garcia &amp; Peng &amp; Economo" authorityYear="2015" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Aenictus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aenictus yangi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yangi" status="sp. n.">Aenictus yangi</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="4" pageNumber="37">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="37" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="37">
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Mesosoma and waist segments in profile (black arrows indicate metanotal groove and propodeal junction, black ellipse subpetiolar process). A A. yangi sp. n. B A. baliensis Jaitrong &amp; Yamane C A. longicephalus Jaitrong &amp; Yamane D A. minipetiolus Jaitrong &amp; Yamane E A. wiwatwitayai Jaitrong &amp; Yamane. Images except figure 3 A are from Jaitrong and Yamane (2013)." figureDoi="10.3897/JHR.42.8859.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/40168" pageId="4" pageNumber="37">Figs 3A</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Aenictus yangi sp. n. (CASENT 0735503). A Body in profile B Body in dorsal view C head in full-face view D right mandible in frontal view." figureDoi="10.3897/JHR.42.8859.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/40169" pageId="4" pageNumber="37">, 4A-D</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="38" pageId="4" pageNumber="37" type="type material">
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="37">Type material.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="37">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="37">Holotype</emphasis>
, pinned worker, China, Yunnan, Xishuangbanna, Man Sai village,
<geoCoordinate degrees="21" direction="north" minutes="51" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="34.4" value="21.859556">21°51'34.4&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="101" direction="east" minutes="16" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="39.6" value="101.27767">101°16'39.6&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
, 680m, young rain forest, leaf litter, 12.IIV.2013 (
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="37">
B. Blanchard, B.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Guénard">Guenard</normalizedToken>
&amp; C. Liu
</emphasis>
) (ISAS: CASENT0735503).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="38">
<pageBreakToken pageId="5" pageNumber="38" start="start">Paratypes</pageBreakToken>
, 14 pinned workers, China, Yunnan, Xishuangbanna, Man Sai village,
<geoCoordinate degrees="21" direction="north" minutes="51" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="34.4" value="21.859556">21°51'34.4&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="101" direction="east" minutes="16" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="39.6" value="101.27767">101°16'39.6&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
, 680m, young rain forest, leaf litter, 12.IIV.2013 (
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="38">
B. Blanchard, B.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Guénard">Guenard</normalizedToken>
&amp; C. Liu
</emphasis>
) (BMNH: CASENT0717204; CAS: CASENT0735506; CASENT0735508; HLMD: CASENT0735507; ISAS: CASENT0717203; CASENT0735495; CASENT0735496; CASENT0735498; MCZ: CASENT0735505; MHNG: CASENT0735504; NHMB: CASENT0735501; PUPAC: CASENT0735500; SKYC: CASENT0735499; THNHM: CASENT0735497).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="38" type="non-type material">
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="38">Non-type material.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="38">
China, Yunnan, Xishuangbanna, Man Sai village,
<geoCoordinate degrees="21" direction="north" minutes="51" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="34.4" value="21.859556">21°51'34.4&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="101" direction="east" minutes="16" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="39.6" value="101.27767">101°16'39.6&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
, 680m, young rain forest, leaf litter, 12.IIV.2013 (
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="38">
B. Blanchard, B.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Guénard">Guenard</normalizedToken>
&amp; C. Liu
</emphasis>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="38" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="38">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="38">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Liu &amp; Hita Garcia &amp; Peng &amp; Economo" authorityYear="2015" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Aenictus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aenictus yangi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yangi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="38">Aenictus yangi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from other South East Asian members of the
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="A. ceylonicus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ceylonicus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="38">A. ceylonicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group by the following combination of characters: head in full-face view distinctly longer than broad (CI 82-90); masticatory margin of mandible with seven teeth/denticles; antennal scapes relatively long (SI 76-86); metanotal groove noticeably present but weak; propodeal junction noticeably angulate with distinct tooth; subpetiolar process relatively elongate, subrectangular, and slightly projecting anteroventrally; propodeum laterally mostly smooth and shiny, weakly irregularly rugulose at base, and weakly reticulate-punctate near propodeal junction; petiole and postpetiole mostly smooth and shiny with lower portions reticulate-punctate.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="38" type="worker measurements">
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="38">Worker measurements</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="38">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="38">(N=17).</emphasis>
TL 2.21-2.60; HL 0.51-0.57; HW 0.43-0.50; SL 0.33-0.42; ML 0.69-0.87; PL 0.17-0.20; CI 82-90; SI 76-86.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="39" pageId="5" pageNumber="38" type="worker description">
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="38">Worker description.</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="39" pageId="5" pageNumber="38">
Head in full-face view distinctly longer than broad (CI 82-90), sides convex, posterior head margin straight to very weakly convex; occipital margin bearing a distinct carina. Antennal scapes relatively long (SI 76-86), extending beyond 2/3 of head length but not reaching posterior head margin. Frontal carinae relatively short and indistinct, reaching the level of posterior margin of torulus. Parafrontal ridges absent. Anterior clypeal margin weakly to moderately concave, not concealed by curved anterior extension of frontal carina. Masticatory margin of mandible with large acute apical tooth followed by one medium-sized subapical tooth, one small denticle, one medium-sized tooth, two smaller denticles, and medium-sized basal tooth, reaching total of seven teeth/denticles; basal margin straight. Maximum width of gap between anterior clypeal margin and mandibles about 1.0 to 1.4 times broader than maximum width of mandible. Promesonotum convex dorsally and sloping gradually to metanotal groove; metanotal groove noticeably present but weak; mesopleuron relatively long, clearly demarcated from metapleuron by weak groove; metapleural gland bulla relatively large, its maximum diameter about 1.7 to 2.1 times longer than distance between propodeal spiracle and metapleural gland bulla. Propodeum in profile with feebly convex dorsal outline; propodeal junction noticeably angulate with distinct tooth; declivity of propodeum moderately concave and encircled by strongly developed rim. Petiole in profile higher than long, its dorsal outline strongly convex; subpetiolar process relatively elongate, subrectangular, and slightly projecting anteroventrally. Postpetiole slightly smaller than petiole, its dorsal outline strongly convex. Head including antennal scape entirely
<pageBreakToken pageId="6" pageNumber="39" start="start">smooth</pageBreakToken>
and shiny. Mandibles predominantly unsculptured, smooth and shiny with weak, superficial striation basally. Promesonotum entirely smooth and shiny; mesopleuron and metanotal groove irregularly rugulose; propodeum laterally mostly smooth and shiny, weakly irregularly rugulose at base, and weakly reticulate-punctate near propodeal junction. Petiolar node and postpetiole mostly smooth and shiny with lower portions reticulate-punctate. Head and mesosoma dorsally with abundant erect to subdecumbent hairs. Head, mesosoma, and gaster usually reddish brown, always distinctly darker than yellow to light yellowish brown mandibles, antennae, petiole, postpetiole, and legs.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="39" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="39">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="39">
The new species is dedicated to Da-Rong Yang from the Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences. We want to thank him for his great support of the first
<normalizedToken originalValue="author’s">author's</normalizedToken>
studies in the area.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="40" pageId="6" pageNumber="39" type="distribution and ecology">
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="39">Distribution and ecology.</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="40" pageId="6" pageNumber="39">
At present, the new species is only known from Xishuangbanna in southern Yunnan. The type locality is a tropical lowland rainforest situ
<pageBreakToken pageId="7" pageNumber="40" start="start">ated</pageBreakToken>
at an elevation of around 550 m. The new species was only collected twice, both times through leaf litter extraction. Nevertheless, as for most
<taxonomicName authorityName="Shuckard" authorityYear="1840" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Aenictus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aenictus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="40">Aenictus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, we strongly suspect that
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="A. yangi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yangi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="40">A. yangi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has a more hypogaeic lifestyle and might be more abundant in the soil stratum. The use of specific collection techniques that target subterranean army ants, such as subterranean oil baiting (
<bibRefCitation author="Weissflog, A" journalOrPublisher="Insectes Sociaux" pageId="9" pageNumber="42" pagination="317 - 324" publicationUrl="10.1007/PL00001723" refId="B34" refString="Weissflog, A, Sternheim, E, Dorow, WHO, Berghoff, S, Maschwitz, U, 2001. How to study subterranean army ants: a novel method for locating and monitoring field populations of the South East Asian army ant Dorylus (Dichthadia) laevigatus Smith, 1857 (Formicidae, Dorylinae) with observations on their ecology. Insectes Sociaux 47: 317 - 324, DOI: 10.1007/PL00001723" title="How to study subterranean army ants: a novel method for locating and monitoring field populations of the South East Asian army ant Dorylus (Dichthadia) laevigatus Smith, 1857 (Formicidae, Dorylinae) with observations on their ecology." url="10.1007/PL00001723" volume="47" year="2001">Weissflog et al. 2001</bibRefCitation>
), will likely yield additional material of this species. Unfortunately, due to the limited available material there is no additional information about its ecology.
</paragraph>
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="963779" doi="10.3897/JHR.42.8859.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/40170" pageId="7" pageNumber="40" start="Figure 5" startId="F5">
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="40">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="40">Figure 5.</emphasis>
Map of South East Asia showing the type locality of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="A. yangi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yangi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="40">A. yangi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. n. (black star), red indicates Yunnan Province, China.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="40" type="taxonomic notes">
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="40">Taxonomic notes.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="40">
The identification of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="A. yangi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yangi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="40">A. yangi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
within the
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="A. ceylonicus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ceylonicus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="40">A. ceylonicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species group can be easily performed with the updated identification key provided above. The new species is morphologically most similar to
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="A. baliensis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="baliensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="40">A. baliensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Jaitrong &amp; Yamane, 2013 (Bali),
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="A. longicephalus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longicephalus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="40">A. longicephalus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Jaitrong &amp; Yamane, 2013 (Lombok),
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="A. minipetiolus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minipetiolus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="40">A. minipetiolus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Jaitrong &amp; Yamane, 2013 (Lombok), and
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="A. wiwatwitayai" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wiwatwitayai">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="40">A. wiwatwitayai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Jaitrong &amp; Yamane, 2013 (Thailand). However,
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="A. yangi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yangi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="40">A. yangi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be immediately separated from these by the development of the metanotal groove, the shape of the propodeum and the subpetiolar process, and the sculpture on the mesosoma and waist segments (see Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Mesosoma and waist segments in profile (black arrows indicate metanotal groove and propodeal junction, black ellipse subpetiolar process). A A. yangi sp. n. B A. baliensis Jaitrong &amp; Yamane C A. longicephalus Jaitrong &amp; Yamane D A. minipetiolus Jaitrong &amp; Yamane E A. wiwatwitayai Jaitrong &amp; Yamane. Images except figure 3 A are from Jaitrong and Yamane (2013)." figureDoi="10.3897/JHR.42.8859.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/40168" pageId="7" pageNumber="40">3</figureCitation>
for details).
<taxonomicName authorityName="Liu &amp; Hita Garcia &amp; Peng &amp; Economo" authorityYear="2015" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Aenictus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aenictus yangi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yangi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="40">Aenictus yangi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be easily separated from
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="A. brevipodus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevipodus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="40">A. brevipodus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Jaitrong &amp; Yamane, 2013 (Thailand), and
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="A. formosensis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="formosensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="40">A. formosensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Forel, 1913 (Taiwan) by the number of mandibular teeth, shape of the head, the shape and punctate of petiole and postpetiole, and the shape of subpetiolar process.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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