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152 lines
13 KiB
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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.4.1599" ID-GBIF-Dataset="101e6920-3a47-47b8-b13f-09e665a76df7" ID-PMC="PMC3174444" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-4-95" ID-Pensoft-UUID="FFD8E7279D12FFDD4360FFCDFFABE44B" ID-PubMed="22171183" ID-Zenodo-Dep="576074" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2011" ModsDocID="1314-2003-4-95" ModsDocOrigin="PhytoKeys 4" ModsDocTitle="A reassessment of Marquesan Ochrosia and Rauvolfia (Apocynaceae) with two new combinations" checkinTime="1555332277582" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Lorence, David H. & Butaud, Jean-Francois" docDate="2011" docId="B9A174FA7AE151AF0B3E19D43DF05EE8" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 4: 95-107" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 4" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.4.1599" docTitle="Rauvolfia sachetiae Fosberg, Smithsonian Contr. Bot. 47: 21 1981" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" id="FFD8E7279D12FFDD4360FFCDFFABE44B" lastPageNumber="103" masterDocId="FFD8E7279D12FFDD4360FFCDFFABE44B" masterDocTitle="A reassessment of Marquesan Ochrosia and Rauvolfia (Apocynaceae) with two new combinations" masterLastPageNumber="107" masterPageNumber="95" pageNumber="101" updateTime="1668141354137" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>A reassessment of Marquesan Ochrosia and Rauvolfia (Apocynaceae) with two new combinations</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Lorence, David H.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Butaud, Jean-Francois</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>PhytoKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2011</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>4</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>95</mods:start>
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<mods:end>107</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.4.1599</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.4.1599</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-4-95</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">FFD8E7279D12FFDD4360FFCDFFABE44B</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">576074</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="156201654" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B9A174FA7AE151AF0B3E19D43DF05EE8" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/B9A174FA7AE151AF0B3E19D43DF05EE8" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="103" pageId="6" pageNumber="101">
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<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="101" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="101">
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<taxonomicName LSID="B9A174FA-7AE1-51AF-0B3E-19D43DF05EE8" authority="Fosberg, Smithsonian Contr. Bot. 47: 21, 1981." authorityName="Fosberg, Smithsonian Contr. Bot. 47: 21" authorityYear="1981" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Rauvolfia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Rauvolfia sachetiae" order="Gentianales" pageId="6" pageNumber="101" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="sachetiae">Rauvolfia sachetiae Fosberg, Smithsonian Contr. Bot. 47: 21, 1981.</taxonomicName>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. A, B, C, Rauvolfia nukuhivensis A branchlet with leaves and inflorescence with open flowers, and buds with left-contort corolla lobes (Terre-Deserte, Nuku Hiva, May 2007, Butaud (unvouchered) B infructescence with syncarpous green fruits (Maauu, Nuku Hiva, April 2004, Butaud 418) C inflorescence with buds and open flower (Keiaki, Nuku Hiva, 27 Dec. 2002, J. - F. Butaud unvouchered); D Rauvolfia sachetiae, portion of isotype specimen showing leaves and inflorescence (Hiva Oa, above Taaoa, 15 Jan. 1975, Sachet 2115, Isotype BISH- 578658)." pageId="6" pageNumber="101">Fig. 2D</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="101" type="type">
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="101">Type:</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="101">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="101">Marquesas Islands</emphasis>
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: Hiva Oa: dry crest above Taaoa, SW of village, 350 m, M.-H. Sachet 2115 (Holotype US!; Isotype BISH-598409!).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="102" pageId="6" pageNumber="101" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="101">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="102" pageId="6" pageNumber="101">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="101">Tree</emphasis>
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6-10 m tall, trunk 20-25 cm in diam., bark furrowed, branches more or less horizontal, twigs and leaves in whorls of 3-4, entire plant glabrous, latex abundant; branchlets 4-6 mm in diam., proximal internodes to 9 cm long, distal ones 0.5-1 cm long toward end of
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<normalizedToken originalValue="season’s">season's</normalizedToken>
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growth, terminal buds with abundan
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<pageBreakToken pageId="7" pageNumber="102" start="start">t</pageBreakToken>
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clear, brown resin.
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="102">Leaves</emphasis>
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elliptic to broadly elliptic, 5.5-22
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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2.5-6.8 cm apex acute to obtuse, base acute to occasionally obtuse, slightly decurrent on petiole, glabrous, chartaceous, light to bright yellowish green when dried, secondary veins 12-15 on a side, brochidodromous, forming a wide angle with costa, secondary and tertiary veins prominulous on both surfaces; petioles 15-35
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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1-2 mm in diam. with 20-30 brown digitate, glandular colleters 0.5-1.2 mm long in each leaf axil.
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="102">Inflorescences</emphasis>
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terminal, pseudoaxillary by displacement, compound cymes 3-6
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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8-12.5 cm including the corollas, peduncles verticellate, 1.5-3 cm long, 3-6 times ramified, branches open, widely divergent, ultimate branches trichotomous with central branch usually represented by a single pedicellate flower, most flowers early caducous from all but the most distal branches, each lateral branch subtended by a scale-like, ovate-triangular bract 1-1.5
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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1-1.5 mm, a bract pair subtending each lateral bud, axils of bracts glandular as those of leaves, pedicel of central flower 2-2.5 mm long, lateral buds of a triad subsessile, globose, tending to develop into a new triad with only the central flower of a triad developing to anthesis; calyx turbinate-campanulate, lobed almost to base, lobes 1.5-2
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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1.5-1.7 mm, imbricate, obtuse, margins thin; corolla yellow in bud, at anthesis cream colored, 12-14 mm long including limb, tube 9.5-14
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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1-1.5 mm in diam. medially, slightly dilated at apex and base, lobes slightly left-contorted, ovate, 2.5-3.5
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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2 mm, obtuse or rounded at apex, anthers narrowly ovate, somewhat bluntly acuminate, sagittate at base, subsessile, 1.5 mm long, inserted 1.5 mm below throat, a very few hairs around and below insertion on inside surface of corolla tube; ovary surrounded by cup-like nectary disk with minutely crenulate margin, carpels oblong, free distally, united in lower half, style glabrous, 7-9 mm long, style head thickened, cylindrical (not seen: floral description from
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<bibRefCitation author="Fosberg, FR" journalOrPublisher="Smithsonian Contributions to Botany" pageId="8" pageNumber="103" pagination="1 - 38" publicationUrl="doi:10.5479/si.0081024X.47" refId="B3" refString="Fosberg, FR, 1981. Polynesian Plant Studies 6-18. Smithsonian Contributions to Botany 47: 1 - 38, doi:10.5479/si.0081024X.47" title="Polynesian Plant Studies 6 - 18." url="doi:10.5479/si.0081024X.47" volume="47" year="1981">Fosberg 1981</bibRefCitation>
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).
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="102">Fruit</emphasis>
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subglobose to globose, 12-15 mm long, fleshy, turning black at maturity (at least when dry), apex rounded or emarginate, subtended by persistent spreading calyx.
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="102">Seed</emphasis>
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1 by abortion (only one mature fruit examined) 12
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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8
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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5 mm, obliquely oblong-ovoid, with one straight and one curved edge, base sub-truncate, apex diagonal from straight edge upward to a blunt point, sides coarsely and shallowly rugose.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="102" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="102">Distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="102">Marquesas Islands, Hiva Oa, previously known only from a single tree at the type locality above Taaoa. In 2011 one dead trunk probably representing this species was found in a small gulch above Tanaeka valley, at around 430 m elevation (Butaud, pers. obs.).</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="102" type="ecology">
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="102">Ecology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="102">
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Dry secondary forest or shrubland with
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<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Casuarinaceae" genus="Casuarina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Casuarinales" pageId="7" pageNumber="102" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="102">Casuarina</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="103" pageId="7" pageNumber="102" type="conservation status">
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="102">Conservation status.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="103" pageId="7" pageNumber="102">
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Despite careful searches this species has not been found since the last collection was made at the type locality in 1977. In 2010 the area was observed to be overgrazed by goats and invaded by
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<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Syzygium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Myrtiflorae" pageId="7" pageNumber="102" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="cumini">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="102">Syzygium cumini</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.(L.) Skeels (Butaud, pers. obs.).
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Fosberg, Smithsonian Contr. Bot. 47: 21" authorityYear="1981" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Rauvolfia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Gentianales" pageId="7" pageNumber="102" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="sachetiae">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="102">Rauvolfia sachetiae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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falls into the
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="102">Critically Endangered (CR)</emphasis>
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category, which designates species facing the highest risk of extinction in the wild. IUCN Red List Category:
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="102">Critically Endangered</emphasis>
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(CR) B1a, b; B2a, B2b (
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<normalizedToken originalValue="i–iii">i-iii</normalizedToken>
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): B1, extent of occurrence estimated to be less than 100 km2, and B1a, known to exist at only a single location; B1b (i-iii), continuing projected decline in (i) extent of occurrence, (ii) area of occupancy, and (iii) area, extent and quality of habitat; B2, area of occupancy estimated
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<pageBreakToken pageId="8" pageNumber="103" start="start">to</pageBreakToken>
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be less than 10 km2, and B2a, a single population known. B2b (
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<normalizedToken originalValue="i–iii">i-iii</normalizedToken>
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), continuing habitat decline inferred. The suitable habitat for
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Fosberg, Smithsonian Contr. Bot. 47: 21" authorityYear="1981" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Rauvolfia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Gentianales" pageId="8" pageNumber="103" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="sachetiae">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="103">Rauvolfia sachetiae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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on Hiva Oa (
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="103">c.</emphasis>
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315 km2) is indicated as an endangered environment, threatened by human activity (deforestation and fire), feral animals, and invasive plants, reducing the extent of the forest.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="8" pageNumber="103" type="specimens examined">
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="103">Specimens examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="103">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="103">Marquesas Islands:</emphasis>
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Hiva Oa: Ridge above Taaoa, SW of village, 350 m, 20 Nov 1974, Sachet & Decker 1885 (BISH, CBG, CHR, L, MO, NSW, P, PTBG, US), Taaoa, sur la
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<normalizedToken originalValue="presqu’île">presqu'ile</normalizedToken>
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, versant SW, 350 m, 8 March 1977,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Schäfer">Schaefer</normalizedToken>
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& Oliver 5293 (BISH, CBG, CHR, MO, NSW, PTBG, US).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |