174 lines
20 KiB
XML
174 lines
20 KiB
XML
<document id="09AF44BC5EE6788399953A7B83FAA836" ID-DOI="10.1080/14772019.2021.1960911" ID-ISSN="1478-0941" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10949919" ID-ZooBank="F8991F09-B5FB-40EF-B4CC-474D925085B8" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="diego" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="diego" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="diego" checkinTime="1711484962835" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Gale, Andrew Scott" docDate="2021" docId="B9207C419A7AFFF50CB1FB9DFDCCFF47" docLanguage="en" docName="JSystPalaeontol.19.10.691-741.pdf" docOrigin="Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 19 (10)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2021.1960911" docStyle="DocumentStyle:6400638016C1F4AE0D0B6502E032D571.1:JSystPalaeontol.2016-.journal_article.closed" docStyleId="6400638016C1F4AE0D0B6502E032D571" docStyleName="JSystPalaeontol.2016-.journal_article.closed" docStyleVersion="1" docTitle="Sphaeraster Quenstedt 1875" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="704" masterDocId="451904399A76FFFB0F0FFF8CFF93FF93" masterDocTitle="Taxonomy and phylogeny of the ‘ football stars’ (Asteroidea, Sphaerasteridae)" masterLastPageNumber="741" masterPageNumber="691" pageNumber="702" updateTime="1712674224752" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo id="08B862BF633C01F2858FD3661F5CAFD1">
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<mods:title id="DE4936CEE799A337A39581A19C09FF16">Taxonomy and phylogeny of the ‘ football stars’ (Asteroidea, Sphaerasteridae)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="34E520D0F1ABE4C2DCF55F640B73808B" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="74DF6EB07F846A76F5AD014C3A7B75F2">Gale, Andrew Scott</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="CC130DD9DA72B79D94A873695009647B">School of the Environment, Geography and Geological Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Burnaby Building, Burnaby Road, Portsmouth PO 1 3 QL UK; & Department of Earth Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, UK</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="535F0CBBF32A0A4798FBBC60906D1947">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="7C819B1DE17B16218CBC3320CD63B22F">Journal of Systematic Palaeontology</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="79B47D24EA9E00F8EC9D6C21E5A5E7D2">2021</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="703D2AEE19CF7E9AAE9FD8974EF09538">2021-10-01</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="F7BF612EEE9546CC68C9964A5F9B9002">19</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="713040B54AEF81F1FBD7F88D0A37B418">10</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="092AF01D3D78D799BF1AF2013877512D">http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2021.1960911</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="234802827842EFCDB0B14A993A41C825">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="03D1AA1950032EFC9CF8C919CC355B42" type="DOI">10.1080/14772019.2021.1960911</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="474F1CB700D841473A47F67DAF29960B" type="ISSN">1478-0941</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="B9207C419A7AFFF50CB1FB9DFDCCFF47" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10949864" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10949864" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B9207C419A7AFFF50CB1FB9DFDCCFF47" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/B9207C419A7AFFF50CB1FB9DFDCCFF47" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="704" pageId="12" pageNumber="702">
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<subSubSection id="79939EDC9A7AFFF70CB1FB9DFADAFBBB" box="[958,1353,1041,1064]" pageId="12" pageNumber="702" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="3136CD579A7AFFF70CB1FB9DFADAFBBB" blockId="12.[958,1353,1041,1064]" box="[958,1353,1041,1064]" pageId="12" pageNumber="702">
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<heading id="6A7E7A3B9A7AFFF70CB1FB9DFADAFBBB" box="[958,1353,1041,1064]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="702" reason="6">
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Genus
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<taxonomicName id="F689B6D49A7AFFF70B04FB9DFADAFBBB" ID-CoL="8KYYL" authority="Quenstedt, 1875" authorityName="Quenstedt" authorityYear="1875" box="[1035,1353,1041,1064]" class="Asteroidea" family="Sphaerasteridae" genus="Sphaeraster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="12" pageNumber="702" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="03FD11459A7AFFF70B04FB9DFB1CFBBB" bold="true" box="[1035,1167,1041,1064]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="702">Sphaeraster</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="5518B0A69A7AFFF70B97FB9DFADAFBBB" author="Quenstedt, F. A." box="[1176,1353,1041,1064]" pageId="12" pageNumber="702" refId="ref29060" refString="Quenstedt, F. A. 1875. Petrefactenkunde Deutschlands, 1. Abteilung 4. Echinodermen (Asteriden und Encriniden). L. F. Fuess, Leipzig, 742 pp." type="book" year="1875">Quenstedt, 1875</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="79939EDC9A7AFFF70C43FBEAFAFAFAD6" pageId="12" pageNumber="702" type="type_taxon">
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<paragraph id="3136CD579A7AFFF70C43FBEAFAFAFAD6" blockId="12.[844,1466,1126,1349]" pageId="12" pageNumber="702">
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<emphasis id="03FD11459A7AFFF70C43FBEAFC7BFBEE" bold="true" box="[844,1000,1126,1149]" pageId="12" pageNumber="702">
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<typeStatus id="EE3273F59A7AFFF70C43FBEAFC15FBEE" box="[844,902,1126,1149]" pageId="12" pageNumber="702">Type</typeStatus>
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species.
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</emphasis>
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Although
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<bibRefCitation id="5518B0A69A7AFFF70B6AFBEAFAFEFBEE" author="Clark, A. M. & Wright, C. W." box="[1125,1389,1126,1149]" pageId="12" pageNumber="702" pagination="243 - 251" refId="ref27726" refString="Clark, A. M. & Wright, C. W. 1962. A new genus and species of Recent starfishes belonging to the aberrant family Sphaerasteridae, with notes on the possible origin and affinities of the family. The Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 13 (5), 243 - 251." type="journal article" year="1962">Clark & Wright (1962)</bibRefCitation>
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designated
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<taxonomicName id="F689B6D49A7AFFF70C9FFB0BFABEFB0D" authority="Quenstedt, 1875" authorityName="Quenstedt" authorityYear="1875" box="[912,1325,1159,1182]" class="Insecta" family="Sphaeritidae" genus="Sphaerites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="702" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punctatus">
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<emphasis id="03FD11459A7AFFF70C9FFB0BFBE1FB0D" box="[912,1138,1159,1182]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="702">Sphaerites punctatus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="5518B0A69A7AFFF70B74FB0BFABEFB0D" author="Quenstedt, F. A." box="[1147,1325,1159,1182]" pageId="12" pageNumber="702" refId="ref29060" refString="Quenstedt, F. A. 1875. Petrefactenkunde Deutschlands, 1. Abteilung 4. Echinodermen (Asteriden und Encriniden). L. F. Fuess, Leipzig, 742 pp." type="book" year="1875">Quenstedt, 1875</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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as
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<typeStatus id="EE3273F59A7AFFF70A58FB0BFA16FB0D" box="[1367,1413,1159,1182]" pageId="12" pageNumber="702">type</typeStatus>
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species, this is an objective junior synonym of
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<taxonomicName id="F689B6D49A7AFFF70A6CFB24FBFAFB72" authority="Goldfuss, 1833" authorityName="Goldfuss" authorityYear="1833" class="Asteroidea" family="Asteriidae" genus="Asterias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="12" pageNumber="702" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="tabulatus">
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<emphasis id="03FD11459A7AFFF70A6CFB24FC3CFB72" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="702">Asterias tabulatus</emphasis>
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Goldfuss, 1833
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</taxonomicName>
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, which is therefore the
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<typeStatus id="EE3273F59A7AFFF70A83FB46FA29FB72" box="[1420,1466,1226,1249]" pageId="12" pageNumber="702">type</typeStatus>
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species. Following
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<bibRefCitation id="5518B0A69A7AFFF70B28FB67FB23FA91" author="Hess, H." box="[1063,1200,1259,1282]" pageId="12" pageNumber="702" pagination="1 - 138" refId="ref28325" refString="Hess, H. 1975. Die fossilen Echinodermen des Schweizer Juras. Veroffentlichungen aus dem Naturhistorischen Museum Basel, 8, 1 - 138." type="journal article" year="1975">Hess (1975)</bibRefCitation>
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, the name
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<taxonomicName id="F689B6D49A7AFFF70A39FB67FA29FA91" authorityName="Goldfuss" authorityYear="1833" box="[1334,1466,1259,1282]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asteriidae" genus="Asterias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="12" pageNumber="702" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="tabulatus">
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<emphasis id="03FD11459A7AFFF70A39FB67FA29FA91" box="[1334,1466,1259,1282]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="702">S. tabulatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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has been used for the common Oxfordian–Kimmeridgian species of
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<taxonomicName id="F689B6D49A7AFFF70BEEFAA2FAF1FAD6" ID-CoL="8KYYL" authorityName="Quenstedt" authorityYear="1875" box="[1249,1378,1326,1349]" class="Asteroidea" family="Sphaerasteridae" genus="Sphaeraster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="12" pageNumber="702" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="03FD11459A7AFFF70BEEFAA2FAF1FAD6" box="[1249,1378,1326,1349]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="702">Sphaeraster</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="79939EDC9A7AFFF50C43FAEEFDCCFF47" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="704" pageId="12" pageNumber="702" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="3136CD579A7AFFF70C43FAEEFAD8F9D2" blockId="12.[844,1467,1378,1601]" pageId="12" pageNumber="702">
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<emphasis id="03FD11459A7AFFF70C43FAEEFC52FAEA" bold="true" box="[844,961,1378,1401]" pageId="12" pageNumber="702">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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Large
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<taxonomicName id="F689B6D49A7AFFF70B1CFAEEFB2FFAEA" authorityName="Schondorf" authorityYear="1906" box="[1043,1212,1378,1401]" class="Asteroidea" family="Sphaerasteridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="12" pageNumber="702" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">Sphaerasteridae</taxonomicName>
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in which the abactinal surface forms a high dome, composed of numerous (450+) abactinal ossicles which are set in rows with an interradial chevron arrangement and taper towards the ambitus; primary circlet approximately one-third of diameter; larger individuals possess a ring of six to seven spines on the primary abactinal ossicles.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="65F69DDF9A7AFFF70FAEF909FE7EF8C6" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10949929" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10949929" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10949929/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="702" startId="12.[161,228,1669,1690]" subCaptionStartIDs="12.[1045,1107,1829,1850]" subCaptionStarts="Figure 1" targetBox="[159,1467,188,1816]" targetPageId="11">
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<paragraph id="3136CD579A7AFFF70FAEF909FE7EF8C6" blockId="12.[161,1469,1669,1877]" pageId="12" pageNumber="702">
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<emphasis id="03FD11459A7AFFF70FAEF909FF6CF909" bold="true" box="[161,255,1669,1690]" pageId="12" pageNumber="702">Figure 5.</emphasis>
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Morphology of the stauranderasterid outgroup,
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<taxonomicName id="F689B6D49A7AFFF70DD6F909FBCEF909" authority="(von Zittel, 1880)" baseAuthorityName="von Zittel" baseAuthorityYear="1880" box="[729,1117,1669,1690]" class="Asteroidea" family="Stauranderasteridae" genus="Stauraster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="12" pageNumber="702" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="primitivus">
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<emphasis id="03FD11459A7AFFF70DD6F909FC37F909" box="[729,932,1669,1690]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="702">Stauraster primitivus</emphasis>
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(von Zittel, 1880)
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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<emphasis id="03FD11459A7AFFF70B67F909FB0FF909" bold="true" box="[1128,1180,1669,1691]" pageId="12" pageNumber="702">A–C,</emphasis>
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arm, in abactinal, lateral and actinal views, respectively (
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<collectionCode id="579855929A7AFFF70EB7F92CFE7DF926" box="[440,494,1696,1717]" pageId="12" pageNumber="702">MZA</collectionCode>
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L246).
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<emphasis id="03FD11459A7AFFF70D4AF92CFDEAF926" bold="true" box="[581,633,1695,1717]" pageId="12" pageNumber="702">D–N,</emphasis>
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isolated ossicles;
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<emphasis id="03FD11459A7AFFF70C3AF92CFC16F926" bold="true" box="[821,901,1695,1717]" pageId="12" pageNumber="702">D–G, I,</emphasis>
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ossicles from primary circlet;
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<emphasis id="03FD11459A7AFFF70BCEF92CFB69F926" bold="true" box="[1217,1274,1696,1717]" pageId="12" pageNumber="702">D, E,</emphasis>
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primary interradial (
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<collectionCode id="579855929A7AFFF70FA8F937FE90F943" box="[167,259,1723,1744]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="12" pageNumber="702" type="Museum">NHMUK</collectionCode>
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EE 17624);
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<emphasis id="03FD11459A7AFFF70E82F937FE55F943" bold="true" box="[397,454,1723,1744]" pageId="12" pageNumber="702">F, G,</emphasis>
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centrale (
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<collectionCode id="579855929A7AFFF70D20F937FD18F943" box="[559,651,1723,1744]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="12" pageNumber="702" type="Museum">NHMUK</collectionCode>
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EE 17625);
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<emphasis id="03FD11459A7AFFF70C1AF937FCBEF943" bold="true" box="[789,813,1723,1744]" pageId="12" pageNumber="702">H,</emphasis>
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ambulacral ossicle, actinal view (
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<collectionCode id="579855929A7AFFF70B84F937FB74F943" box="[1163,1255,1723,1744]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="12" pageNumber="702" type="Museum">NHMUK</collectionCode>
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EE 17626);
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<emphasis id="03FD11459A7AFFF70A7EF937FA13F943" bold="true" box="[1393,1408,1723,1744]" pageId="12" pageNumber="702">I,</emphasis>
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inner calycinal ossicle (
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<collectionCode id="579855929A7AFFF70E5BF959FE23F979" box="[340,432,1749,1770]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="12" pageNumber="702" type="Museum">NHMUK</collectionCode>
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EE 17627);
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<emphasis id="03FD11459A7AFFF70D37F959FDF6F979" bold="true" box="[568,613,1749,1771]" pageId="12" pageNumber="702">J–L,</emphasis>
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radials (
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<collectionCode id="579855929A7AFFF70DCEF959FC8EF979" box="[705,797,1749,1770]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="12" pageNumber="702" type="Museum">NHMUK</collectionCode>
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EE 17628–17630);
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<emphasis id="03FD11459A7AFFF70CE3F959FBB8F979" bold="true" box="[1004,1067,1749,1770]" pageId="12" pageNumber="702">M, N,</emphasis>
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adambulacral ossicles, in abactinal and proximal/distal views, respectively (
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<collectionCode id="579855929A7AFFF70D0DF97CFDCDF896" box="[514,606,1776,1797]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="12" pageNumber="702" type="Museum">NHMUK</collectionCode>
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||
EE 17631–17632).
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<emphasis id="03FD11459A7AFFF70C29F97CFCACF896" bold="true" box="[806,831,1776,1797]" pageId="12" pageNumber="702">O,</emphasis>
|
||
reconstruction of apical region of
|
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<taxonomicName id="F689B6D49A7AFFF70B95F97CFB6EF896" authorityName="Valette" authorityYear="1929" box="[1178,1277,1776,1797]" class="Asteroidea" family="Stauranderasteridae" genus="Stauraster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="12" pageNumber="702" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="03FD11459A7AFFF70B95F97CFB6EF896" box="[1178,1277,1776,1797]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="702">Stauraster</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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||
. Provenance: A–C, upper Oxfordian of
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<collectingCountry id="499E8DC79A7AFFF70E65F887FE4CF8B3" box="[362,479,1803,1824]" name="Switzerland" pageId="12" pageNumber="702">Switzerland</collectingCountry>
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||
. D–N are from the lower Oxfordian,
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<taxonomicName id="F689B6D49A7AFFF70C54F887FBA8F8B3" box="[859,1083,1803,1824]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Cardioceratidae" genus="Cardioceras" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="12" pageNumber="702" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="bukowskii">
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||
<emphasis id="03FD11459A7AFFF70C54F887FBA8F8B3" box="[859,1083,1803,1824]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="702">Cardioceras bukowskii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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ammonite Subzone, basal Couches de Passage, Andelot-Morval,
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<collectingRegion id="F34D03B59A7AFFF70EACF8A9FE5EF8A9" box="[419,461,1829,1850]" country="Switzerland" name="Jura" pageId="12" pageNumber="702">Jura</collectingRegion>
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||
,
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<collectingCountry id="499E8DC79A7AFFF70ED6F8A9FD89F8A9" box="[473,538,1829,1850]" name="France" pageId="12" pageNumber="702">France</collectingCountry>
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(see
|
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<bibRefCitation id="5518B0A69A7AFFF70D5FF8A9FD26F8A9" author="Gale, A. S." box="[592,693,1829,1850]" pageId="12" pageNumber="702" pagination="279 - 318" refId="ref28106" refString="Gale, A. S. 2019. Origin and phylogeny of the velatid asteroids (Echinodermata, Neoasteroidea) - new evidence from the Jurassic. Swiss Journal of Palaeontology, 137, 279 - 318." type="journal article" year="2019">Gale 2019</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, for locality details). Colours as in
|
||
<figureCitation id="A9B2D1D29A7AFFF70B1AF8A9FBFBF8A9" box="[1045,1128,1829,1850]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="3.[159,226,1451,1472]" captionTargetBox="[178,1451,218,1432]" captionTargetId="figure-181@3.[159,1466,188,1433]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figure 1. Homology of abactinal plating in Podosphaeraster pulvinatus Rowe & Nichols, 1980. A–C, homology adopted in the present paper, which identifies the primary ossicles (interradials, radials), inner calycinal ossicles and radials. Marginals cannot be identified, and unpaired interradial plates (I-plate, V-plate) are indicated. D, E, plating scheme of Fujita & Rowe (2002, fig. 1), who identified an ‘apical system’ and marginals. See text for discussion." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10949921" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10949921/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="702">Figure 1</figureCitation>
|
||
. Scale bars: A–C =
|
||
<quantity id="F67160B29A7AFFF70A36F8A9FAEFF8A9" box="[1337,1404,1829,1850]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="702" unit="mm" value="10.0">10 mm</quantity>
|
||
; D–G, I–L =
|
||
<quantity id="F67160B29A7AFFF70FE9F8CCFE8DF8C6" box="[230,286,1856,1877]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="702" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity>
|
||
; H, M, N = 0.5 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="3136CD579A78FFF50F90FF31FDCCFF47" blockId="14.[159,607,189,212]" box="[159,607,189,212]" pageId="14" pageNumber="704">
|
||
<emphasis id="03FD11459A78FFF50F90FF31FEF1FF47" bold="true" box="[159,354,189,212]" pageId="14" pageNumber="704">Included species.</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="03FD11459A78FFF50E64FF31FDCCFF47" box="[363,607,189,212]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="704">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F689B6D49A78FFF50E64FF31FDC8FF47" baseAuthorityName="Goldfuss" baseAuthorityYear="1833" box="[363,603,189,212]" class="Asteroidea" family="Sphaerasteridae" genus="Sphaeraster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="14" pageNumber="704" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="tabulatus">Sphaeraster tabulatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |