247 lines
30 KiB
XML
247 lines
30 KiB
XML
<document id="CF70A35CDBB017F1275D14C4CDE1E003" ID-CLB-Dataset="293303" ID-DOI="10.1080/14772019.2021.1960911" ID-GBIF-Dataset="53749253-12aa-41cc-9eec-e28c0b075738" ID-ISSN="1478-0941" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10949919" ID-ZooBank="F8991F09-B5FB-40EF-B4CC-474D925085B8" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="diego" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="diego" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="diego" IM.metadata_approvedBy="diego" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="diego" checkinTime="1711484962835" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Gale, Andrew Scott" docDate="2021" docId="B9207C419A5DFFD70E1EFA4CFDC4FE87" docLanguage="en" docName="JSystPalaeontol.19.10.691-741.pdf" docOrigin="Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 19 (10)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2021.1960911" docStyle="DocumentStyle:6400638016C1F4AE0D0B6502E032D571.1:JSystPalaeontol.2016-.journal_article.closed" docStyleId="6400638016C1F4AE0D0B6502E032D571" docStyleName="JSystPalaeontol.2016-.journal_article.closed" docStyleVersion="1" docTitle="Valettaster ocellatus" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="733" masterDocId="451904399A76FFFB0F0FFF8CFF93FF93" masterDocTitle="Taxonomy and phylogeny of the ‘ football stars’ (Asteroidea, Sphaerasteridae)" masterLastPageNumber="741" masterPageNumber="691" pageNumber="733" updateTime="1712755325394" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="8ADA6A85CD9037791E91B99948D5987E">Taxonomy and phylogeny of the ‘ football stars’ (Asteroidea, Sphaerasteridae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="F46F9E27B6CAC343E10142D473ACC440">Gale, Andrew Scott</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="97412F2A4878E7D7A9A4F6F303C553FB">School of the Environment, Geography and Geological Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Burnaby Building, Burnaby Road, Portsmouth PO 1 3 QL UK; & Department of Earth Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, UK</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="4B792C9D5FA09361A4E353398893D0F6">Journal of Systematic Palaeontology</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="BC44189E836822CEFB393BFA4272D24F">2021</mods:date>
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<treatment id="B9207C419A5DFFD70E1EFA4CFDC4FE87" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10955125" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10955125" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B9207C419A5DFFD70E1EFA4CFDC4FE87" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/B9207C419A5DFFD70E1EFA4CFDC4FE87" lastPageId="44" lastPageNumber="733" pageId="43" pageNumber="733">
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<subSubSection id="79939EDC9A5DFFD00E1EFA4CFDDEFA6A" pageId="43" pageNumber="733" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="3136CD579A5DFFD00E1EFA4CFD09FA44" blockId="43.[273,666,1472,1529]" box="[273,666,1472,1495]" pageId="43" pageNumber="733">
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<heading id="6A7E7A3B9A5DFFD00E1EFA4CFD09FA44" box="[273,666,1472,1495]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="43" pageNumber="733" reason="8">
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<taxonomicName id="F689B6D49A5DFFD00E1EFA4CFD09FA44" ID-CoL="8SFHL" authority="(Forbes, 1848)" baseAuthorityName="Forbes" baseAuthorityYear="1848" box="[273,666,1472,1495]" class="Asteroidea" family="Sphaerasteridae" genus="Valettaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="43" pageNumber="733" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="ocellatus">
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<emphasis id="03FD11459A5DFFD00E1EFA4CFE61FA44" bold="true" box="[273,498,1472,1495]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="733">Valettaster ocellatus</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="5518B0A69A5DFFD00D0CFA4CFD02FA44" author="Forbes, E." box="[515,657,1472,1495]" pageId="43" pageNumber="733" pagination="457 - 482" refId="ref27876" refString="Forbes, E. 1848. On the Asteriadae found fossil in British strata. Memoirs of the Geological Survey of Great Britain, and of the Museum of Practical Geology in London, 2, 457 - 482." type="journal article" year="1848">Forbes, 1848</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="3136CD579A5DFFD00E51FA6EFDDEFA6A" blockId="43.[273,666,1472,1529]" box="[350,589,1506,1529]" pageId="43" pageNumber="733">
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||
(
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<figureCitation id="A9B2D1D29A5DFFD00E68FA6EFE58FA6A" box="[359,459,1506,1529]" captionStart="Figure 22" captionStartId="39.[159,226,1644,1665]" captionTargetId="figure-1@38.[159,1466,188,1920]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="Figure 22. A–D, G, J, Valettaster digitatus (Quenstedt, 1858), abactinal ossicles, in external view (A, C, D, G, J) and lateral view (B) (GPIT/A5/50). E, Valettaster ocellatus (Forbes, 1848), abactinal ossicle, in external view (NHMUK EE 17696). F, I, Pouzaster pocknotata gen. et sp. nov., abactinal ossicles in external view (MHNML 2020.1.2, 1.3). H, K, Valettaster granulatus (Brunnich Nielsen, 1943), abactinal ossicles, external view (SNSB-BSGP 2020 XLV1, 2). L, Valettaster argus (Spencer, 1907), articulated group of abactinal ossicles (NHMUK EE 17637f). M, N, Valettaster thuyi sp. nov., holotype, abactinal ossicle in external and lateral views, respectively (MHNML 2020.1.1). Provenance: A–D, G, J are from the Oxfordian of Oerlingen, south Germany. B is from the Santonian of East Kent, UK. F, I are from the serpentinus ammonite Zone, Toarcian at Fougerolles, France. H, K are from the lower Maastrichtian of R¨ugen, Germany. M, N are from the bifrons ammonite Zone, Toarcian, Fougerolles, France. L is from the coranguinum Zone, Santonian, Broadstairs, Kent, UK. Scale bars: A–E, G, H, J, K = 5 mm; F, I, L = 0.5mm; M, N = 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10955101" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10955101/files/figure.png" pageId="43" pageNumber="733">Figs 22E</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="A9B2D1D29A5DFFD00ED6FA6EFD94FA6A" box="[473,519,1506,1529]" captionStart="Figure 23" captionStartId="41.[159,226,1558,1579]" captionTargetId="figure-1@40.[159,1466,188,1920]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="Figure 23. A, Valettaster ocellatus (Forbes, 1848), oblique actinal view of well-preserved individual (NHMUK E 5012). B–P, associated ossicles and fragments of Valettaster argus (Spencer, 1907); B–E, articulated adambulacrals, bearing subadambulacral spines (NHMUK EE 17637i–l); F, G, ambulacral ossicle, in proximal and distal views, to show bulbous swelling from ambulacral base ((NHMUK EE 17637m); H, external surface with ossicles in place (NHMUK EE 17637n). Note smaller secondary ossicles infilling gaps between external surfaces of larger abactinals, creating a smooth surface; I, J, fragments with articulated abactinal ossicles (NHMUK EE 17637o, p), showing smaller secondary plates and possible papular notches; K, fragment with madreporite and two abactinal ossicles (NHMUK EE 17637q); L, adambulacral in proximal/distal view, to show lack of adadm site and internally directed ledge (NHMUK EE 17637r); M–P, adambulacral ossicles; M, abactinal view of ossicle in which three of the articular surfaces each bear a cavity (NHMUK EE 17637f); N, proximal/distal view to show adadm site (oval depression) (NHMUK EE 17637s); O, oblique actinal view (NHMUK EE 17637t); P, actinal view, to show rugose perforate stereom and furrow spine attachment sites (NKMUK EE 17637g). Provenance: A, Santonian, Marsupites Zone, Brighton, Sussex, UK. B–P, Santonian, coranguinum Zone, level of Whitaker’s Flint, Broadstairs, Kent, UK. Distal adambulacrals marked with arrow. Scale bars: A = 10 mm; C = 1 mm; B, D–P = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10955103" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10955103/files/figure.png" pageId="43" pageNumber="733">23A</figureCitation>
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, 25G)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="79939EDC9A5DFFD00F92F997FBF8FDCB" pageId="43" pageNumber="733" type="description">
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<paragraph id="3136CD579A5DFFD00F92F997FDD2F9AA" blockId="43.[157,781,1563,1658]" box="[157,577,1563,1593]" pageId="43" pageNumber="733">
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$1848
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<taxonomicName id="F689B6D49A5DFFD00FE7F9AEFD95F9AA" authority="Forbes" authorityName="Forbes" authorityYear="1848" box="[232,518,1570,1593]" class="Asteroidea" family="Oreasteridae" genus="Oreaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="43" pageNumber="733" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="ocellatus">
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<emphasis id="03FD11459A5DFFD00FE7F9AEFE23F9AA" box="[232,432,1570,1593]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="733">Oreaster ocellatus</emphasis>
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Forbes
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</taxonomicName>
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: 468.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="3136CD579A5DFFD00F92F9CEFE95F9E9" blockId="43.[157,781,1563,1658]" pageId="43" pageNumber="733">
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1850
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<taxonomicName id="F689B6D49A5DFFD00FD0F9CEFD92F9CA" authority="Forbes" authorityName="Forbes" authorityYear="1848" box="[223,513,1602,1625]" class="Asteroidea" family="Oreasteridae" genus="Oreaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="43" pageNumber="733" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="ocellatus">
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<emphasis id="03FD11459A5DFFD00FD0F9CEFE38F9CA" box="[223,427,1602,1625]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="733">Oreaster ocellatus</emphasis>
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Forbes
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</taxonomicName>
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in Dixon: 329, pl. 21, fig. 13.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="3136CD579A5DFFD00C45FF31FC3BFF67" blockId="43.[842,1467,189,600]" pageId="43" pageNumber="733">
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1907
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<taxonomicName id="F689B6D49A5DFFD00C85FF31FB47FF47" authority="(Forbes)" baseAuthorityName="Forbes" baseAuthorityYear="1848" box="[906,1236,189,212]" class="Asteroidea" family="Stauranderasteridae" genus="Pentaceros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="43" pageNumber="733" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="ocellatus">
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<emphasis id="03FD11459A5DFFD00C85FF31FBF8FF47" box="[906,1131,189,212]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="733">Pentaceros ocellatus</emphasis>
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(Forbes)
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</taxonomicName>
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; Spencer: 85, pl. 25, fig. 4.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="3136CD579A5DFFD00C45FF71FC27FEA6" blockId="43.[842,1467,189,600]" pageId="43" pageNumber="733">
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1913
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<taxonomicName id="F689B6D49A5DFFD00C85FF71FB57FE87" authority="(Forbes)" baseAuthorityName="Forbes" baseAuthorityYear="1848" box="[906,1220,253,276]" class="Asteroidea" family="Sphaerasteridae" genus="Tholaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="43" pageNumber="733" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="ocellatus">
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<emphasis id="03FD11459A5DFFD00C85FF71FBC8FE87" box="[906,1115,253,276]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="733">Tholaster ocellatus</emphasis>
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(Forbes)
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</taxonomicName>
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; Spencer: 138, pl. 13, fig. 24.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="3136CD579A5DFFD00C45FEB2FA22FEC6" blockId="43.[842,1467,189,600]" box="[842,1457,318,341]" pageId="43" pageNumber="733">
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1914
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<taxonomicName id="F689B6D49A5DFFD00C86FEB2FB5DFEC6" authority="(Forbes)" baseAuthorityName="Forbes" baseAuthorityYear="1848" box="[905,1230,318,341]" class="Asteroidea" family="Sphaerasteridae" genus="Valettaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="43" pageNumber="733" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="ocellatus">
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<emphasis id="03FD11459A5DFFD00C86FEB2FBF5FEC6" box="[905,1126,318,341]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="733">Valettaster ocellatus</emphasis>
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(Forbes)
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</taxonomicName>
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; Valette: 57, fig. 19.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="3136CD579A5DFFD00C45FED2FBB1FE05" blockId="43.[842,1467,189,600]" pageId="43" pageNumber="733">
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1943
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<taxonomicName id="F689B6D49A5DFFD00C81FED2FB4DFEE6" authority="(Forbes)" baseAuthorityName="Forbes" baseAuthorityYear="1848" box="[910,1246,350,373]" class="Asteroidea" family="Sphaerasteridae" genus="Valettaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="43" pageNumber="733" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="ocellatus">
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<emphasis id="03FD11459A5DFFD00C81FED2FBE2FEE6" box="[910,1137,350,373]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="733">Valettaster ocellatus</emphasis>
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(Forbes)
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</taxonomicName>
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; Brunnich Nielsen: 65, pl. 4, fig. 29.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="3136CD579A5DFFD00C45FE13FB70FE45" blockId="43.[842,1467,189,600]" pageId="43" pageNumber="733">
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1950
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<taxonomicName id="F689B6D49A5DFFD00CA9FE13FAB4FE25" authority="(Forbes)" baseAuthorityName="Forbes" baseAuthorityYear="1848" box="[934,1319,415,438]" class="Asteroidea" family="Sphaerasteridae" genus="Valettaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="43" pageNumber="733" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="ocellatus">
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<emphasis id="03FD11459A5DFFD00CA9FE13FB31FE25" box="[934,1186,415,438]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="733">Valettaster ocellatus</emphasis>
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(Forbes)
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</taxonomicName>
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; Wienberg Rasmussen: 94, pl. 10, figs 22–23.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="3136CD579A5DFFD00C45FE53FC57FD84" blockId="43.[842,1467,189,600]" pageId="43" pageNumber="733">
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||
1985
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<taxonomicName id="F689B6D49A5DFFD00C95FE53FA9CFE65" authority="(Spencer)" baseAuthorityName="Spencer" box="[922,1295,479,502]" class="Asteroidea" family="Sphaerasteridae" genus="Valettaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="43" pageNumber="733" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="ocellatus">
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<emphasis id="03FD11459A5DFFD00C95FE53FB19FE65" box="[922,1162,479,502]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="733">Valettaster ocellatus</emphasis>
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(Spencer)
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</taxonomicName>
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; Breton: 91, figs 2–5.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="3136CD579A5DFFD00C45FDACFBF8FDCB" blockId="43.[842,1467,189,600]" pageId="43" pageNumber="733">
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||
2000
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||
<emphasis id="03FD11459A5DFFD00C85FDACFBBAFDA4" box="[906,1065,544,567]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="733">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F689B6D49A5DFFD00C85FDACFC6CFDA4" authorityName="Lambert" authorityYear="1914" box="[906,1023,544,567]" class="Asteroidea" family="Sphaerasteridae" genus="Valettaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="43" pageNumber="733" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">Valettaster</taxonomicName>
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||
gr.
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||
</emphasis>
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||
<taxonomicName id="F689B6D49A5DFFD00B3CFDACFB6FFDA4" authority="(Forbes)" baseAuthorityName="Forbes" baseAuthorityYear="1848" box="[1075,1276,544,567]" class="Asteroidea" family="Sphaerasteridae" genus="Valettaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="43" pageNumber="733" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="ocellatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="03FD11459A5DFFD00B3CFDACFB00FDA4" box="[1075,1171,544,567]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="733">ocellatus</emphasis>
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||
(Forbes)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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||
; Jagt: 91, pl. 20, fig. 29; pl. 21, figs 1–7.
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||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="79939EDC9A5DFFD00C43FDFDFB78FD79" pageId="43" pageNumber="733" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="3136CD579A5DFFD00C43FDFDFB78FD79" blockId="43.[844,1467,625,746]" pageId="43" pageNumber="733">
|
||
<emphasis id="03FD11459A5DFFD00C43FDFDFC1EFD1B" bold="true" box="[844,909,625,648]" pageId="43" pageNumber="733">Type.</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="81E1C70A9A5DFFD00CACFDFDFB7BFD79" county="The" location="Upper Chalk" municipality="Kent'" pageId="43" pageNumber="733" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
The partly articulated individual figured by Forbes (in Dixon 1850, pl. 21, fig. 13) is the
|
||
<typeStatus id="EE3273F59A5DFFD00A59FD1EFA24FD3A" box="[1366,1463,658,681]" pageId="43" pageNumber="733" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
. ‘
|
||
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|
||
,
|
||
<location id="34569B8C9A5DFFD00CF3FD3EFBD5FD5A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B9207C419A5DFFD70E1EFA4CFDC4FE87:34569B8C9A5DFFD00CF3FD3EFBD5FD5A" box="[1020,1094,690,713]" county="The" municipality="Kent'" name="Sussex" pageId="43" pageNumber="733">Sussex</location>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="D152572D9A5DFFD00B85FD3EFB54FD59" box="[1162,1223,690,714]" pageId="43" pageNumber="733">Kent’</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectingCounty id="D857B5DB9A5DFFD00BD3FD3EFA96FD5A" box="[1244,1285,690,713]" pageId="43" pageNumber="733">The</collectingCounty>
|
||
present whereabouts of this specimen are unknown
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="79939EDC9A5DFFD00C43FC8FFB01FCCF" pageId="43" pageNumber="733" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="3136CD579A5DFFD00C43FC8FFB01FCCF" blockId="43.[844,1467,771,860]" pageId="43" pageNumber="733">
|
||
<emphasis id="03FD11459A5DFFD00C43FC8FFC52FC89" bold="true" box="[844,961,771,794]" pageId="43" pageNumber="733">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
Abactinal ossicles with a broad flat outer surface that bears dense, irregularly radiating ridges and beads of imperforate stereom.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="79939EDC9A5DFFD00C43FCF8FB09FB71" pageId="43" pageNumber="733" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="3136CD579A5DFFD00C43FCF8FB6DFBC3" blockId="43.[844,1467,884,1104]" pageId="43" pageNumber="733">
|
||
<emphasis id="03FD11459A5DFFD00C43FCF8FC24FC18" bold="true" box="[844,951,884,907]" pageId="43" pageNumber="733">Material.</emphasis>
|
||
A partly articulated individual from the
|
||
<emphasis id="03FD11459A5DFFD00A81FCF8FC24FC3F" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="733">coranguinum</emphasis>
|
||
Zone of Micheldever,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="F34D03B59A5DFFD00BB9FC19FAB8FC3F" box="[1206,1323,917,940]" country="United Kingdom" name="Hampshire" pageId="43" pageNumber="733">Hampshire</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="579855929A5DFFD00A34FC19FA31FC3F" box="[1339,1442,917,940]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="43" pageNumber="733" type="Museum">NHMUK</collectionCode>
|
||
E 5019) and a well-preserved specimen from the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F689B6D49A5DFFD00C43FC5BFB83FC7D" authority="Zone" authorityName="Zone" box="[844,1040,983,1006]" class="Crinoidea" family="Marsupitidae" genus="Marsupites" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="43" pageNumber="733" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="03FD11459A5DFFD00C43FC5BFC57FC7D" box="[844,964,983,1006]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="733">Marsupites</emphasis>
|
||
Zone
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
of Brighton, Sussex (
|
||
<collectionCode id="579855929A5DFFD00A20FC5BFA05FC7D" box="[1327,1430,983,1006]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="43" pageNumber="733" type="Museum">NHMUK</collectionCode>
|
||
E 5012) are described. Additionally, isolated abactinal plates from the
|
||
<emphasis id="03FD11459A5DFFD00B0EFB94FB1CFBBC" box="[1025,1167,1048,1071]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="733">coranguinum</emphasis>
|
||
Zone of Thanet,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="F34D03B59A5DFFD00A54FB94FA1CFBBC" box="[1371,1423,1048,1071]" country="United Kingdom" name="Kent" pageId="43" pageNumber="733">Kent</collectingRegion>
|
||
are identified (
|
||
<collectionCode id="579855929A5DFFD00CCCFBB5FBB9FBC3" box="[963,1066,1081,1104]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="43" pageNumber="733" type="Museum">NHMUK</collectionCode>
|
||
EE 17696–17697).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3136CD579A5DFFD00C42FBE5FB09FB71" blockId="43.[845,1467,1129,1250]" pageId="43" pageNumber="733">
|
||
<emphasis id="03FD11459A5DFFD00C42FBE5FC4AFB13" bold="true" box="[845,985,1129,1152]" pageId="43" pageNumber="733">Occurrence.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F689B6D49A5DFFD00CE3FBE5FB45FB13" baseAuthorityName="Forbes" baseAuthorityYear="1848" box="[1004,1238,1129,1152]" class="Asteroidea" family="Sphaerasteridae" genus="Valettaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="43" pageNumber="733" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="ocellatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="03FD11459A5DFFD00CE3FBE5FB45FB13" box="[1004,1238,1129,1152]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="733">Valettaster ocellatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is present in the Cenomanian to Maastrichtian of the Anglo-Paris Basin (
|
||
<collectingCountry id="499E8DC79A5DFFD00C5BFB26FCEFFB52" box="[852,892,1194,1217]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="43" pageNumber="733">UK</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="499E8DC79A5DFFD00CCFFB26FB9EFB52" box="[960,1037,1194,1217]" name="France" pageId="43" pageNumber="733">France</collectingCountry>
|
||
), and the Maastrichtian of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="499E8DC79A5DFFD00A5FFB26FA25FB52" box="[1360,1462,1194,1217]" name="Germany" pageId="43" pageNumber="733">Germany</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="499E8DC79A5DFFD00C42FB47FC64FB71" box="[845,1015,1227,1250]" name="Netherlands" pageId="43" pageNumber="733">the Netherlands</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="499E8DC79A5DFFD00B20FB47FB05FB71" box="[1071,1174,1227,1250]" name="Denmark" pageId="43" pageNumber="733">Denmark</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="79939EDC9A5DFFD70C42FB77FDC4FE87" lastPageId="44" lastPageNumber="734" pageId="43" pageNumber="733" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="3136CD579A5DFFD70C42FB77FDC4FE87" blockId="43.[845,1467,1275,1658]" lastBlockId="44.[159,781,189,276]" lastPageId="44" lastPageNumber="734" pageId="43" pageNumber="733">
|
||
<emphasis id="03FD11459A5DFFD00C42FB77FC28FA81" bold="true" box="[845,955,1275,1298]" pageId="43" pageNumber="733">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F689B6D49A5DFFD00CCAFB77FB36FA81" baseAuthorityName="Forbes" baseAuthorityYear="1848" box="[965,1189,1275,1298]" class="Asteroidea" family="Sphaerasteridae" genus="Valettaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="43" pageNumber="733" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="ocellatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="03FD11459A5DFFD00CCAFB77FB36FA81" box="[965,1189,1275,1298]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="733">Valettaster ocellatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F689B6D49A5DFFD00A32FB77FA0FFA81" baseAuthorityName="Spencer" baseAuthorityYear="1907" box="[1341,1436,1275,1298]" class="Asteroidea" family="Sphaerasteridae" genus="Valettaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="43" pageNumber="733" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="argus">
|
||
<emphasis id="03FD11459A5DFFD00A32FB77FA0FFA81" box="[1341,1436,1275,1298]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="733">V. argus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the broad external surface of the abactinal ossicles and the fine radial sculpture (
|
||
<figureCitation id="A9B2D1D29A5DFFD00B75FAB0FB4DFAC0" box="[1146,1246,1340,1363]" captionStart="Figure 22" captionStartId="39.[159,226,1644,1665]" captionTargetId="figure-1@38.[159,1466,188,1920]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="Figure 22. A–D, G, J, Valettaster digitatus (Quenstedt, 1858), abactinal ossicles, in external view (A, C, D, G, J) and lateral view (B) (GPIT/A5/50). E, Valettaster ocellatus (Forbes, 1848), abactinal ossicle, in external view (NHMUK EE 17696). F, I, Pouzaster pocknotata gen. et sp. nov., abactinal ossicles in external view (MHNML 2020.1.2, 1.3). H, K, Valettaster granulatus (Brunnich Nielsen, 1943), abactinal ossicles, external view (SNSB-BSGP 2020 XLV1, 2). L, Valettaster argus (Spencer, 1907), articulated group of abactinal ossicles (NHMUK EE 17637f). M, N, Valettaster thuyi sp. nov., holotype, abactinal ossicle in external and lateral views, respectively (MHNML 2020.1.1). Provenance: A–D, G, J are from the Oxfordian of Oerlingen, south Germany. B is from the Santonian of East Kent, UK. F, I are from the serpentinus ammonite Zone, Toarcian at Fougerolles, France. H, K are from the lower Maastrichtian of R¨ugen, Germany. M, N are from the bifrons ammonite Zone, Toarcian, Fougerolles, France. L is from the coranguinum Zone, Santonian, Broadstairs, Kent, UK. Scale bars: A–E, G, H, J, K = 5 mm; F, I, L = 0.5mm; M, N = 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10955101" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10955101/files/figure.png" pageId="43" pageNumber="733">Fig. 22E</figureCitation>
|
||
); in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F689B6D49A5DFFD00A2EFAB0FA17FAC0" baseAuthorityName="Spencer" baseAuthorityYear="1907" box="[1313,1412,1340,1363]" class="Asteroidea" family="Sphaerasteridae" genus="Valettaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="43" pageNumber="733" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="argus">
|
||
<emphasis id="03FD11459A5DFFD00A2EFAB0FA17FAC0" box="[1313,1412,1340,1363]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="733">V. argus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the imperforate stereom forms an irregular reticulum (
|
||
<figureCitation id="A9B2D1D29A5DFFD00A9FFAD1FCE4FA06" captionStart="Figure 22" captionStartId="39.[159,226,1644,1665]" captionTargetId="figure-1@38.[159,1466,188,1920]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="Figure 22. A–D, G, J, Valettaster digitatus (Quenstedt, 1858), abactinal ossicles, in external view (A, C, D, G, J) and lateral view (B) (GPIT/A5/50). E, Valettaster ocellatus (Forbes, 1848), abactinal ossicle, in external view (NHMUK EE 17696). F, I, Pouzaster pocknotata gen. et sp. nov., abactinal ossicles in external view (MHNML 2020.1.2, 1.3). H, K, Valettaster granulatus (Brunnich Nielsen, 1943), abactinal ossicles, external view (SNSB-BSGP 2020 XLV1, 2). L, Valettaster argus (Spencer, 1907), articulated group of abactinal ossicles (NHMUK EE 17637f). M, N, Valettaster thuyi sp. nov., holotype, abactinal ossicle in external and lateral views, respectively (MHNML 2020.1.1). Provenance: A–D, G, J are from the Oxfordian of Oerlingen, south Germany. B is from the Santonian of East Kent, UK. F, I are from the serpentinus ammonite Zone, Toarcian at Fougerolles, France. H, K are from the lower Maastrichtian of R¨ugen, Germany. M, N are from the bifrons ammonite Zone, Toarcian, Fougerolles, France. L is from the coranguinum Zone, Santonian, Broadstairs, Kent, UK. Scale bars: A–E, G, H, J, K = 5 mm; F, I, L = 0.5mm; M, N = 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10955101" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10955101/files/figure.png" pageId="43" pageNumber="733">Fig. 22L</figureCitation>
|
||
). Specimens figured by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5518B0A69A5DFFD00BABFAF2FA8EFA06" author="Jagt, J. W. M." box="[1188,1309,1406,1429]" pageId="43" pageNumber="733" pagination="377 - 503" refId="ref28567" refString="Jagt, J. W. M. 2000. Late Cretaceous - Early Palaeogene echinoderms and the K - T boundary in the southeast Netherlands and northeast Belgium - Part 5: Asteroids. Scripta Geologica, 121, 377 - 503." type="journal article" year="2000">Jagt (2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, pl. 20, figs 25–28) perhaps represent a form transitional to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F689B6D49A5DFFD00A51FA13FC1DFA45" baseAuthorityName="Brunnich Nielsen" baseAuthorityYear="1943" class="Asteroidea" family="Sphaerasteridae" genus="Valettaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="43" pageNumber="733" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="granulatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="03FD11459A5DFFD00A51FA13FC1DFA45" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="733">V. granulatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see below).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5518B0A69A5DFFD00B27FA33FB51FA45" author="Breton, G." box="[1064,1218,1471,1494]" pageId="43" pageNumber="733" pagination="91 - 99" refId="ref27594" refString="Breton, G. 1985. Valettaster? Sphaerasteridae m´esozoique. Bulletin trimestrielle de la Soci´et´e g´eologique de Normandie et des Amis du Mus´eum du Havre, 72, 91 - 99." type="journal article" year="1985">Breton (1985)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
reconstructed the surface of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F689B6D49A5DFFD00CA8FA6CFBB9FA64" baseAuthorityName="Forbes" baseAuthorityYear="1848" box="[935,1066,1504,1527]" class="Asteroidea" family="Sphaerasteridae" genus="Valettaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="43" pageNumber="733" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="ocellatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="03FD11459A5DFFD00CA8FA6CFBB9FA64" box="[935,1066,1504,1527]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="733">V. ocellatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as possessing a thick epidermis in which were set smaller secondary ossicles, decreasing in size progressively towards the outer surface (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5518B0A69A5DFFD00A7FF9ADFC11F9CA" author="Breton, G." pageId="43" pageNumber="733" pagination="91 - 99" refId="ref27594" refString="Breton, G. 1985. Valettaster? Sphaerasteridae m´esozoique. Bulletin trimestrielle de la Soci´et´e g´eologique de Normandie et des Amis du Mus´eum du Havre, 72, 91 - 99." type="journal article" year="1985">Breton 1985</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, fig. 4). The new material figured here demonstrates that the secondary ossicles were positioned in grooves between the external surfaces of the primary abactinals, and their sculptured external surfaces were flush with those of the primary ossicles.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |