635 lines
102 KiB
XML
635 lines
102 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="AF814A2FE7750FC9A181DB7C2906EDF1">A taxonomic revision of the genus Scybalocanthon Martínez, 1948 (Coleoptera Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae: Deltochilini)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="B11F7181B6AFBC72CA042BB6909D5EDA">Silva, Fernando A. B.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="12C2C84315C1896EB732B83FECF9940D">Universidade Federal do Pará, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, setor de Zoologia, Campus Belém. Rua Augusto Corrêa, 01. Guamá. Belém PA 66075 - 110, Brazil. E-mail: fernandoabsilva @ yahoo. com. br</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="662B23DEEA2C1C85DEF91B6365556326">Valois, Marcely</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="898C6D0FE0F44FB70BAEBDC21A3311DD">Programa de Pós-graduação em Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Pará / Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi. Rua Augusto Corrêa, 01. Guamá. Belém PA 66075 - 110, Brazil.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:date id="50FBAE84AD92F50F0C703CC736F0E8BF">2019</mods:date>
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<heading id="4E4CE32D3A5AFF9D95F1FC25FDEFC169" bold="true" box="[151,542,1124,1152]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="D2BB2FC23A5AFF9D95F1FC25FDEFC169" ID-CoL="6459J" authority="Martinez, 1948" authorityName="Martinez" authorityYear="1948" box="[151,542,1124,1152]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Scybalocanthon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="27CF88533A5AFF9D95F1FC25FDEFC169" bold="true" box="[151,542,1124,1152]" pageId="3" pageNumber="304">
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<emphasis id="27CF88533A5AFF9D95F1FC25FEA8C196" bold="true" box="[151,345,1125,1152]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="304">Scybalocanthon</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="712A29B03A5AFF9D9406FC24FDEFC169" author="Martinez, A." box="[352,542,1124,1151]" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" pagination="3 - 11" refId="ref46541" refString="Martinez, A. (1948) Insectos nuevos o poco conocidos-VI (Col. Scarabaeidae) dos nuevos generos de Lamellicornia (Coleoptera). Revista de la Sociedad Entomologica Argentina, 14 (12), 3 - 11." type="journal article" year="1948">Martínez, 1948</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="150454413A5AFF9D95F1FCE9FB0BC379" blockId="3.[151,1437,1192,1677]" pageId="3" pageNumber="304">
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<treatmentCitation id="941A72503A5AFF9D95F1FCE9FE05C1D7" author="Martinez, A." box="[151,500,1193,1217]" page="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" year="1948">
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<taxonomicName id="D2BB2FC23A5AFF9D95F1FCE9FE05C1D7" ID-CoL="6459J" authority="Martinez, 1948: 4" authorityName="Martinez" authorityPageNumber="4" authorityYear="1948" box="[151,500,1193,1217]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Scybalocanthon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="27CF88533A5AFF9D95F1FCE9FEC8C1D7" box="[151,313,1193,1217]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="304">Scybalocanthon</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="712A29B03A5AFF9D9459FCE9FE05C1D7" author="Martinez, A." box="[319,500,1193,1217]" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" pagination="3 - 11" refId="ref46541" refString="Martinez, A. (1948) Insectos nuevos o poco conocidos-VI (Col. Scarabaeidae) dos nuevos generos de Lamellicornia (Coleoptera). Revista de la Sociedad Entomologica Argentina, 14 (12), 3 - 11." type="journal article" year="1948">Martínez, 1948: 4</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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(original description);
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||
<treatmentCitation id="941A72503A5AFF9D97B8FCE9FC28C1D7" author="Martinez, A." box="[734,985,1193,1217]" page="188" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" year="1949">
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<bibRefCitation id="712A29B03A5AFF9D97B8FCE9FC28C1D7" author="Martinez, A." box="[734,985,1193,1217]" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" pagination="175 - 193" refId="ref46583" refString="Martinez, A. (1949) Insectos nuevos o poco conocidos - VII algumas especies nuevas o poco conocidas y descripcion de um nuevo Scybalocanthon Col. (Scarabaeinae). Revista de la Sociedad Entomologica Argentina, 14 (4), 175 - 193." type="journal article" year="1949">Martínez 1949: 188–189</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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(taxonomic remarks and identification key);
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||
<treatmentCitation id="941A72503A5AFF9D95A1FC87FE1EC1F6" author="Pereira, F. S. & Martinez, A." box="[199,495,1223,1248]" page="96" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" year="1956">
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||
<bibRefCitation id="712A29B03A5AFF9D95A1FC87FE1EC1F6" author="Pereira, F. S. & Martinez, A." box="[199,495,1223,1248]" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" pagination="91 - 192" refId="ref47123" refString="Pereira, F. S. & Martinez, A. (1956) Os generos de Canthonini Americanos (Col. Scarabaeidae). Revista Brasileira de Entomologia, 6, 91 - 192." type="journal article" year="1956">Pereira & Martínez 1956: 96</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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, 114, 184 (catalog and identification key);
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||
<treatmentCitation id="941A72503A5AFF9D96C2FC87FB90C1F6" author="Halffter, G." box="[932,1121,1223,1248]" page="207" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" year="1958">
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||
<bibRefCitation id="712A29B03A5AFF9D96C2FC87FB90C1F6" author="Halffter, G." box="[932,1121,1223,1248]" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" pagination="207 - 212" refId="ref45750" refString="Halffter, G. (1958) Dos nuevos generos de Canthonini. Ciencia, Mexico, 17 (10 - 12), 207 - 212." type="journal article" year="1958">Halffter 1958: 207</bibRefCitation>
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
(classification);
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||
<treatmentCitation id="941A72503A5AFF9D906AFC87FF1CC1E9" author="Halffter, G." page="231" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" year="1961">
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||
<bibRefCitation id="712A29B03A5AFF9D906AFC87FF1CC1E9" author="Halffter, G." pageId="3" pageNumber="304" pagination="225 - 320" refId="ref45778" refString="Halffter, G. (1961) Monografia de las especies norteamericanas del genero Canthon. Ciencia, Mexico, 20 (9 - 12), 225 - 320." type="journal article" year="1961">Halffter 1961: 231</bibRefCitation>
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
(identification key);
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||
<treatmentCitation id="941A72503A5AFF9D94A6FCA6FD15C1E9" author="Vulcano, M. A. & Pereira, F. S." box="[448,740,1254,1279]" page="637" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" year="1964">
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||
<bibRefCitation id="712A29B03A5AFF9D94A6FCA6FD15C1E9" author="Vulcano, M. A. & Pereira, F. S." box="[448,740,1254,1279]" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" pagination="570 - 685" refId="ref48402" refString="Vulcano, M. A. & Pereira, F. S. (1964) Catalog of the Canthonini (Col. Scarab.) inhabiting the Western Hemisphere. Entomologischen Arbeiten aus dem Museum G. Frey, 15, 570 - 685." type="journal article" year="1964">Vulcano & Pereira 1964: 637</bibRefCitation>
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
(catalog); Halffter & Mathews 1966: 261 (catalog, distribution);
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||
<treatmentCitation id="941A72503A5AFF9D9009FCA6FE3AC00B" author="Vulcano, M. A. & Pereira, F. S." page="549" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" year="1967">
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||
<bibRefCitation id="712A29B03A5AFF9D9009FCA6FE3AC00B" author="Vulcano, M. A. & Pereira, F. S." pageId="3" pageNumber="304" pagination="533 - 603" refId="ref48448" refString="Vulcano, M. A. & Pereira, F. S. (1967) Sinopse dos Passalidae e Scarabaeidae s. str. da regiao Amazonica (Insecta, Coleoptera). Atas do Simposio sobre a Biota Amazonica, Zoologia, 5, 533 - 603." type="journal article" year="1967">Vulcano & Pereira 1967: 549</bibRefCitation>
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||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
(identification key);
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="941A72503A5AFF9D97C6FD44FC3DC00B" author="Halffter, G. & Martinez, A." box="[672,972,1284,1309]" page="17" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" year="1977">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="712A29B03A5AFF9D97C6FD44FC3DC00B" author="Halffter, G. & Martinez, A." box="[672,972,1284,1309]" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" pagination="29 - 107" refId="ref45849" refString="Halffter, G. & Martinez, A. (1977) Revision monografica de los Canthonina Americanos, IV parte. Clave para generos y subgeneros. Folia Entomologica Mexicana, 38, 29 - 107." type="journal article" year="1977">Halffter & Martínez 1977: 17</bibRefCitation>
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
, 38, 67, 68 (identification key and diagnosis);
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="941A72503A5AFF9D95A1FD63FE0EC02A" author="Halffter, G. & Edmonds, W. D." box="[199,511,1315,1340]" page="139" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" year="1982">
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<bibRefCitation id="712A29B03A5AFF9D95A1FD63FE0EC02A" author="Halffter, G. & Edmonds, W. D." box="[199,511,1315,1340]" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" refId="ref45809" refString="Halffter, G. & Edmonds, W. D. (1982) The nesting behavior of dung beetles (Scarabaeinae). An ecological and evolutive approach. Instituto de Ecologia, Mexico City, 76 pp." type="book" year="1982">Halffter & Edmonds 1982: 139</bibRefCitation>
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||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
(catalog, distribution);
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="941A72503A5AFF9D978CFD63FBCFC02A" author="Medina, C. A. & Lopera-Toro, A." box="[746,1086,1315,1340]" page="311" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" year="2000">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="712A29B03A5AFF9D978CFD63FBCFC02A" author="Medina, C. A. & Lopera-Toro, A." box="[746,1086,1315,1340]" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" pagination="299 - 315" refId="ref46726" refString="Medina, C. A. & Lopera-Toro, A. (2000) Clave ilustrada para la identificacion de generos de escarabajos coprofagos (Coleoptera: Scarabaeinae) de Colombia. Caldasia, 22, 299 - 315." type="journal article" year="2000">Medina & Lopera-Toro 2000: 311</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
(identification key);
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="941A72503A5AFF9D9077FD63FEAEC04D" author="Vaz-de-Mello, F. Z." page="194" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" year="2000">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="712A29B03A5AFF9D9077FD63FEAEC04D" author="Vaz-de-Mello, F. Z." pageId="3" pageNumber="304" pagination="183 - 195" refId="ref48107" refString="Vaz-de-Mello, F. Z. (2000) Estado atual de conhecimento dos Scarabaeinae s. str. (Coleoptera: Scarabaeiodea) do Brasil. In: Martin-Piera, F., Morrone, J. J. & Melic, A. (Eds.), Hacia un Proyecto CYTED para el inventario Y Estimacion de la Diversidad Entomologica en Iberoamerica: PrIBES- 2000. Monografias Tercer Milenio & Sociedad Entomologica Aragonesa, Zaragoza, pp. 183 - 195." type="book chapter" year="2000">Vaz-de-Mello 2000: 194–195</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
|
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(checklist); Medina
|
||
<emphasis id="27CF88533A5AFF9D9756FD03FD98C04C" box="[560,617,1346,1370]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="304">et. al.</emphasis>
|
||
2001: 137 (checklist);
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="941A72503A5AFF9D9634FD02FBC4C04D" author="Medina, C. A. & Scholtz, C. H. & Gill, B. D." box="[850,1077,1346,1371]" page="65" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" year="2003">
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||
<bibRefCitation id="712A29B03A5AFF9D9634FD02FBC4C04D" author="Medina, C. A. & Scholtz, C. H. & Gill, B. D." box="[850,1077,1346,1371]" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" pagination="23 - 68" refId="ref46813" refString="Medina, C. A., Scholtz, C. H. & Gill, B. D. (2003) Morphological variation and systematics of Canthon Hoffmansegg 1817, and related genera of new world Canthonini dung beetles (Coleoptera, Scarabaeinae). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, 50, 23 - 68. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / mmnd. 20030500105" type="journal article" year="2003">
|
||
Medina
|
||
<emphasis id="27CF88533A5AFF9D96C3FD03FC29C04C" box="[933,984,1346,1370]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="304">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2003: 65
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
(systematic of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D2BB2FC23A5AFF9D91B6FD02FAD6C04C" ID-CoL="62L63" authorityName="Hoffmannsegg" authorityYear="1817" box="[1232,1319,1346,1370]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Canthon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="27CF88533A5AFF9D91B6FD02FAD6C04C" box="[1232,1319,1346,1370]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="304">Canthon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and related genera, distribution); Hamel-Leigue
|
||
<emphasis id="27CF88533A5AFF9D975BFD22FD89C06F" box="[573,632,1377,1401]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="304">et. al.</emphasis>
|
||
2006: 15 (checklist);
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="941A72503A5AFF9D963FFD20FBA4C06F" author="Monaghan, M. T. & Inward, D. J. G. & Hunt, T. & Vogler, A. P." box="[857,1109,1376,1401]" page="9" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" year="2007">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="712A29B03A5AFF9D963FFD20FBA4C06F" author="Monaghan, M. T. & Inward, D. J. G. & Hunt, T. & Vogler, A. P." box="[857,1109,1376,1401]" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" pagination="674 - 692" refId="ref46984" refString="Monaghan, M. T., Inward, D. J. G., Hunt, T. & Vogler, A. P. (2007) A molecular phylogenetic analysis of the Scarabaeinae (dung beetles). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 45, 674 - 692. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2007.06.009" type="journal article" year="2007">
|
||
Monaghan
|
||
<emphasis id="27CF88533A5AFF9D96ABFD22FBF0C06F" box="[973,1025,1377,1401]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="304">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2007: 9
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
(phylogenetic hypothesis to the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D2BB2FC23A5AFF9D95A1FD3FFEA3C08E" ID-CoL="628NR" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" box="[199,338,1407,1432]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Scarabaeinae">Scarabaeinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
);
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="941A72503A5AFF9D9405FD3FFD7DC08E" author="Molano R. & Medina, C. A." box="[355,652,1407,1432]" page="689" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" year="2010">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="712A29B03A5AFF9D9405FD3FFD7DC08E" author="Molano R. & Medina, C. A." box="[355,652,1407,1432]" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" pagination="689 - 699" refId="ref46882" refString="Molano R., F. & Medina, C. A. (2010) A new species of Scybalocanthon (Coleoptera: Scarabaeinae: Canthonini) and description of the variation of the male genitalia. Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad, 81, 689 - 699." type="journal article" year="2010">Molano & Medina 2010: 689</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
(description of the variation of the male genitalia);
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="941A72503A5AFF9D91FFFD3FFF24C0A1" author="Vaz-de-Mello, F. Z. & Edmonds, W. D. & Ocampo, F. C. & Schoolmeesters, P." page="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" year="2011">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="712A29B03A5AFF9D91FFFD3FFF24C0A1" author="Vaz-de-Mello, F. Z. & Edmonds, W. D. & Ocampo, F. C. & Schoolmeesters, P." pageId="3" pageNumber="304" pagination="1 - 73" refId="ref48332" refString="Vaz-de-Mello, F. Z., Edmonds, W. D., Ocampo, F. C. & Schoolmeesters, P. (2011) A multilingual key to the genera and subgenera of the subfamily Scarabaeinae of the New World (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae). Zootaxa, 2854, 1 - 73. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 2854.1.1" type="journal article" year="2011">
|
||
Vaz-de-Mello
|
||
<emphasis id="27CF88533A5AFF9D904CFDC1FAA6C08E" box="[1322,1367,1408,1432]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="304">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2011: 6
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, 11, 19, 26, 34, 41, 45, figs. 154–155 (identification key to the New World genera and subgenera of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D2BB2FC23A5AFF9D91BBFDDEFA92C0A1" ID-CoL="628NR" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" box="[1245,1379,1438,1463]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Scarabaeinae">Scarabaeinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
dung beetles); Carvajal
|
||
<emphasis id="27CF88533A5AFF9D94E6FDFEFE48C0C3" box="[384,441,1469,1493]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="304">et. al.</emphasis>
|
||
2011: 116, 314 (checklist);
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="941A72503A5AFF9D97B3FDFCFC6EC0C3" author="Solis, C. & Noriega, J. A. N. & Herrera, G." box="[725,927,1468,1493]" page="36" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" year="2011">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="712A29B03A5AFF9D97B3FDFCFC6EC0C3" author="Solis, C. & Noriega, J. A. N. & Herrera, G." box="[725,927,1468,1493]" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" pagination="33 - 41" refId="ref47868" refString="Solis, C., Noriega, J. A. N. & Herrera, G. (2011) Escarabajos coprofagos (Coleoptera: Scarabaeinae) en tres bosques secos del departamento del Atlantico-Colombia. Boletin del Museo de Entomologia de la Universidad del Valle, 121, 33 - 41." type="journal article" year="2011">
|
||
Solís
|
||
<emphasis id="27CF88533A5AFF9D9668FDFEFCB0C0C3" box="[782,833,1469,1493]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="304">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2011: 36
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
(checklist);
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="941A72503A5AFF9D9178FDFCFADEC0C3" author="Solis, A. & Kohlmann, B." box="[1054,1327,1468,1493]" page="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" year="2012">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="712A29B03A5AFF9D9178FDFCFADEC0C3" author="Solis, A. & Kohlmann, B." box="[1054,1327,1468,1493]" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" pagination="1 - 32" refId="ref47832" refString="Solis, A. & Kohlmann, B. (2012) Checklist and distribution atlas of the Scarabaeinae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) of Costa Rica. Zootaxa, 3482, 1 - 32." type="journal article" year="2012">Solís & Kohlmann 2012: 3</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
(cited as a junior synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D2BB2FC23A5AFF9D94EEFD9CFE2EC0E2" ID-CoL="62L63" authorityName="Hoffmannsegg" authorityYear="1817" box="[392,479,1500,1524]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Canthon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="27CF88533A5AFF9D94EEFD9CFE2EC0E2" box="[392,479,1500,1524]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="304">Canthon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
);
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="941A72503A5AFF9D9493FD9BFCBAC0E2" author="Boilly, O. & Vaz-de-Mello, F. Z." box="[501,843,1499,1524]" page="108" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" year="2013">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="712A29B03A5AFF9D9493FD9BFCBAC0E2" author="Boilly, O. & Vaz-de-Mello, F. Z." box="[501,843,1499,1524]" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" pagination="103 - 112" refId="ref45307" refString="Boilly, O. & Vaz-de-Mello, F. Z. (2013) Les Scarabaeinae de Guyane: cle illustree des genres. Le Coleopteriste, 5 (7), 103 - 112." type="journal article" year="2013">Boilly & Vaz-de-Mello 2013: 108</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
(identification key);
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="941A72503A5AFF9D9146FD9CFAC2C0E2" author="Tarasov, S. I. & Genier, F." box="[1056,1331,1499,1524]" page="21" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" year="2015">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="712A29B03A5AFF9D9146FD9CFAC2C0E2" author="Tarasov, S. I. & Genier, F." box="[1056,1331,1499,1524]" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" pagination="1 - 86" refId="ref47983" refString="Tarasov, S. I. & Genier, F. (2015) Innovative Bayesian and parsimony phylogeny of dung beetles (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Scarabaeinae) enhanced by ontology-based partitioning of morphological characters. PLoS ONE, 10 (3), 1 - 86. https: // doi. org / 10.1371 / journal. pone. 0116671" type="journal article" year="2015">Tarasov & Génier 2015: 21</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
(phylogenetic hypothesis to the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D2BB2FC23A5AFF9D94C9FDBAFDC4C305" ID-CoL="628NR" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" box="[431,565,1530,1555]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Scarabaeinae">Scarabaeinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
tribes);
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="941A72503A5AFF9D97EEFDBBFC43C305" author="Tarasov, S. I. & Dimitrov, D." box="[648,946,1530,1555]" page="15" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" year="2016">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="712A29B03A5AFF9D97EEFDBBFC43C305" author="Tarasov, S. I. & Dimitrov, D." box="[648,946,1530,1555]" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" pagination="1 - 19" refId="ref47922" refString="Tarasov, S. I. & Dimitrov, D. (2016) Multigene phylogenetic analysis redefines dung beetles relationships and classification (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae). BMC Evolutionary Biology, 16 (257), 1 - 19. https: // doi. org / 10.1186 / s 12862 - 016 - 0822 - x" type="journal article" year="2016">Tarasov & Dimitrov 2016: 15</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
(new concept for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D2BB2FC23A5AFF9D910FFDBAFB16C305" ID-CoL="KS3" baseAuthorityName="sensu Tarasov & Dimitrov" baseAuthorityYear="2016" box="[1129,1255,1530,1555]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Deltochilini">Deltochilini</taxonomicName>
|
||
);
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="941A72503A5AFF9D9191FDBAFE68C327" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6001664" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6001664" author="Vaz-de-Mello, F. Z. & Silva, F. A. B." httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AF87EAFFC7FFF9FF393998FA2F00AA" page="144" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" year="2017">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="712A29B03A5AFF9D9191FDBAFE68C327" author="Vaz-de-Mello, F. Z. & Silva, F. A. B." pageId="3" pageNumber="304" pagination="142 - 146" refId="ref48256" refString="Vaz-de-Mello, F. Z. & Silva, F. A. B. (2017) A new species of the genus Scybalocanthon (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Scarabaeinae) from the Atlantic rainforest, with an identification key to the species from South America south of the Amazon basin. Zootaxa, 4300 (1), 142 - 146. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4300.1.9" type="journal article" year="2017">Vaz-de-Mello & Silva 2017: 144–145</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
(identification key to the species from South America south of the Amazon basin); Cupello & Vaz-de- Mello 2018: 15, 18, 34, 47, 54;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="941A72503A5AFF9D976BFE77FCE3C346" author="Chamorro, W. & Marin-Armijos, D. & Granda, V. & Vaz-de-Mello, F. Z." box="[525,786,1591,1616]" page="76" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" year="2018">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="712A29B03A5AFF9D976BFE77FCE3C346" author="Chamorro, W. & Marin-Armijos, D. & Granda, V. & Vaz-de-Mello, F. Z." box="[525,786,1591,1616]" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" pagination="72 - 100" refId="ref45387" refString="Chamorro, W., Marin-Armijos, D., Granda, V. & Vaz-de-Mello, F. Z. (2018) Listado de especies y clave de geineros y subgeineros de escarabajos estercoleros (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) presentes y presuntos para Ecuador. Revista Colombiana de Entomologiia, 44, 72 - 100. https: // doi. org / 10.25100 / socolen. v 44 i 1.6545" type="journal article" year="2018">
|
||
Chamorro
|
||
<emphasis id="27CF88533A5AFF9D971DFE79FD59C346" box="[635,680,1592,1616]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="304">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2018: 76
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, 98 (identification key, checklist to the genera and species from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="6DAC14D13A5AFF9D95A1FE16FED1C379" box="[199,288,1622,1647]" name="Ecuador" pageId="3" pageNumber="304">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||
);
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="941A72503A5AFF9D9457FE16FDC3C379" author="Chamorro, W. & Marin-Armijos, D. & Asenjo, A. & Vaz-de-Mello, F. Z." box="[305,562,1622,1647]" page="10" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" year="2019">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="712A29B03A5AFF9D9457FE16FDC3C379" author="Chamorro, W. & Marin-Armijos, D. & Asenjo, A. & Vaz-de-Mello, F. Z." box="[305,562,1622,1647]" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" pagination="1 - 343" refId="ref45462" refString="Chamorro, W., Marin-Armijos, D., Asenjo, A. & Vaz-de-Mello, F. Z. (2019) Scarabaeinae dung beetles from Ecuador: a catalog, nomenclatural acts, and distribution records. ZooKeys, 826, 1 - 343. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 826.26488" type="journal article" year="2019">
|
||
Chamorro
|
||
<emphasis id="27CF88533A5AFF9D94F8FE17FE3AC378" box="[414,459,1622,1646]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="304">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2019: 10
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, 229, 263 (catalog, checklist to the genera and species from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="6DAC14D13A5AFF9D91F0FE16FB1EC379" box="[1174,1263,1622,1647]" name="Ecuador" pageId="3" pageNumber="304">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||
).
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="150454413A5AFF9D95F1FE35FC13C39B" blockId="3.[151,1437,1192,1677]" box="[151,994,1652,1677]" pageId="3" pageNumber="304">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="35AB736F3A5AFF9D95F1FE35FC13C39B" box="[151,994,1652,1677]" pageId="3" pageNumber="304">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D2BB2FC23A5AFF9D95F1FE35FE5BC39B" authority="" box="[151,426,1653,1677]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Canthon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Scybalocanthon">
|
||
<emphasis id="27CF88533A5AFF9D95F1FE35FF1FC39B" box="[151,238,1653,1677]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="304">Canthon</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="27CF88533A5AFF9D959BFE35FE6EC39B" box="[253,415,1653,1677]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="304">Scybalocanthon</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="941A72503A5AFF9D94D3FE34FD91C39B" author="Krajcik, M." box="[437,608,1652,1677]" page="25" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" year="2006">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="712A29B03A5AFF9D94D3FE34FD91C39B" author="Krajcik, M." box="[437,608,1652,1677]" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" pagination="1 - 189" refId="ref46404" refString="Krajcik, M. (2006) Checklist of Scarabaeoidea of the world. 1. Scarabaeinae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae). Animma. X, Supplement 3, 1 - 189." type="journal article" year="2006">Krajcik 2006: 25</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
(catalog);
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="941A72503A5AFF9D97A8FE34FC8BC39B" author="Krajcik, M." box="[718,890,1652,1677]" page="63" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" year="2012">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="712A29B03A5AFF9D97A8FE34FC8BC39B" author="Krajcik, M." box="[718,890,1652,1677]" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" pagination="1 - 278" refId="ref46440" refString="Krajcik, M. (2012) Checklist of the world Scarabaeoidea. Animma. X, Supplement 5, 1 - 278." type="journal article" year="2012">Krajcik 2012: 63</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
(catalog).
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="5DA107CA3A5AFF9D95F1FEFCFB7CC3C0" box="[151,1165,1723,1750]" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" type="type_taxon">
|
||
<paragraph id="150454413A5AFF9D95F1FEFCFB7CC3C0" blockId="3.[151,1437,1723,2038]" box="[151,1165,1723,1750]" pageId="3" pageNumber="304">
|
||
<emphasis id="27CF88533A5AFF9D95F1FEFCFEC3C3C0" bold="true" box="[151,306,1723,1750]" pageId="3" pageNumber="304">
|
||
<typeStatus id="CA00EAE33A5AFF9D95F1FEFCFF23C3C0" box="[151,210,1724,1750]" pageId="3" pageNumber="304">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
species.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D2BB2FC23A5AFF9D945FFEFCFD53C3C0" ID-CoL="QPDB" authority="Bates, 1887" authorityName="Bates" authorityYear="1887" box="[313,674,1724,1750]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Canthon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="moniliatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="27CF88533A5AFF9D945FFEFCFDE6C3C0" box="[313,535,1724,1750]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="304">Canthon moniliatus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="712A29B03A5AFF9D9778FEFCFD53C3C0" author="Bates, H. W." box="[542,674,1724,1750]" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" pagination="1886 - 1890" refId="ref45140" refString="Bates, H. W. (1887) Tribe Lamellicornia. In: Bates, H. W. (Ed.), Biologia Centrali-Americana. Insecta. Coleoptera. Vol. II. Part 2. Pectinicornia and Lamellicornia. Taylor & Francis, London, pp. 25 - 64. [1886 - 1890]" type="book chapter" year="1887">Bates, 1887</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by original designation (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="712A29B03A5AFF9D96DCFEFCFB8EC3C0" author="Martinez, A." box="[954,1151,1723,1750]" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" pagination="3 - 11" refId="ref46541" refString="Martinez, A. (1948) Insectos nuevos o poco conocidos-VI (Col. Scarabaeidae) dos nuevos generos de Lamellicornia (Coleoptera). Revista de la Sociedad Entomologica Argentina, 14 (12), 3 - 11." type="journal article" year="1948">Martínez 1948: 6</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="5DA107CA3A5AFF9D95A1FE9FFEF0C2C7" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="150454413A5AFF9D95A1FE9FFEF0C2C7" blockId="3.[151,1437,1723,2038]" pageId="3" pageNumber="304">
|
||
<emphasis id="27CF88533A5AFF9D95A1FE9FFEB3C3EC" bold="true" box="[199,322,1759,1786]" pageId="3" pageNumber="304">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
Within
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D2BB2FC23A5AFF9D94C5FE9FFC4FC3EC" authority="(sensu Tarasov & Dimitrov 2016)" baseAuthorityName="sensu Tarasov & Dimitrov" baseAuthorityYear="2016" box="[419,958,1759,1786]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Deltochilini">
|
||
Deltochilini (sensu
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="712A29B03A5AFF9D97E3FEA0FC47C3EC" author="Tarasov, S. I. & Dimitrov, D." box="[645,950,1759,1786]" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" pagination="1 - 19" refId="ref47922" refString="Tarasov, S. I. & Dimitrov, D. (2016) Multigene phylogenetic analysis redefines dung beetles relationships and classification (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae). BMC Evolutionary Biology, 16 (257), 1 - 19. https: // doi. org / 10.1186 / s 12862 - 016 - 0822 - x" type="journal article" year="2016">Tarasov & Dimitrov 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D2BB2FC23A5AFF9D96AAFEA0FB8EC3EC" authorityName="Martinez" authorityYear="1948" box="[972,1151,1760,1786]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Scybalocanthon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="27CF88533A5AFF9D96AAFEA0FB8EC3EC" box="[972,1151,1760,1786]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="304">Scybalocanthon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be distinguished by several characters. Mesotarsomeres and metatarsomeres short, external margin approximately half the length of the second tarsomere, and obliquely truncate apically (
|
||
<figureCitation id="8D8048C43A5AFF9D97B6FF67FCEDC254" box="[720,796,1831,1858]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1773,1798]" captionTargetBox="[159,1427,925,1741]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[151,1436,921,1749]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 3. Details of the external morphology in Scybalocanthon. A, Elytral surface in S. chamorroi new species; B, elytral surface in S. acrianus new species; C, pygidium in S. sexpilotus; D, detail of the eighth elytral stria in S. pygidialis (carina point- ed); E, mesofemur in S. kaestneri; F, mesofemur in S. nigriceps; G, mesotarsus in S. moniliatus; H, metatarsus in S. moniliatus; I, mesotibia in S. aereus; J, mesotibia of Canthon arcabuquensis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3995516" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3995516/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="304">Figs. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
G–H). Lateral margins of tarsomeres parallel, forming an even margin along the length of the tarsus. Overall shape of mesotarsomeres and metatarsomeres 2–4 varies from quadrate to rectangular. Dorsal surface of mesotibiae with dense setae, randomly distributed (
|
||
<figureCitation id="8D8048C43A5AFF9D91ABFF2FFAEFC29C" box="[1229,1310,1903,1930]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1773,1798]" captionTargetBox="[159,1427,925,1741]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[151,1436,921,1749]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 3. Details of the external morphology in Scybalocanthon. A, Elytral surface in S. chamorroi new species; B, elytral surface in S. acrianus new species; C, pygidium in S. sexpilotus; D, detail of the eighth elytral stria in S. pygidialis (carina point- ed); E, mesofemur in S. kaestneri; F, mesofemur in S. nigriceps; G, mesotarsus in S. moniliatus; H, metatarsus in S. moniliatus; I, mesotibia in S. aereus; J, mesotibia of Canthon arcabuquensis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3995516" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3995516/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="304">Fig. 3I</figureCitation>
|
||
); setae not aligned as in some
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D2BB2FC23A5AFF9D9409FFD4FE3EC2B8" authorityName="Hoffmannsegg" authorityYear="1817" box="[367,463,1940,1966]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Canthon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="27CF88533A5AFF9D9409FFD4FE3EC2B8" box="[367,463,1940,1966]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="304">Canthon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species (
|
||
<figureCitation id="8D8048C43A5AFF9D9751FFD3FD76C2B8" box="[567,647,1939,1966]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1773,1798]" captionTargetBox="[159,1427,925,1741]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[151,1436,921,1749]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 3. Details of the external morphology in Scybalocanthon. A, Elytral surface in S. chamorroi new species; B, elytral surface in S. acrianus new species; C, pygidium in S. sexpilotus; D, detail of the eighth elytral stria in S. pygidialis (carina point- ed); E, mesofemur in S. kaestneri; F, mesofemur in S. nigriceps; G, mesotarsus in S. moniliatus; H, metatarsus in S. moniliatus; I, mesotibia in S. aereus; J, mesotibia of Canthon arcabuquensis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3995516" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3995516/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="304">Fig. 3J</figureCitation>
|
||
). Pygidium and propygidium not separated by carina, or carina inconspicuous.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="5DA107CA3A5AFF9B95A1FF9BFB8BC339" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="306" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="150454413A5AFF9A95A1FF9BFCE8C14D" blockId="3.[151,1437,1723,2038]" lastBlockId="4.[151,1437,153,2015]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="305" pageId="3" pageNumber="304">
|
||
<emphasis id="27CF88533A5AFF9D95A1FF9BFEA0C2E0" bold="true" box="[199,337,2011,2038]" pageId="3" pageNumber="304">Description</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="27CF88533A5AFF9D9406FF9CFE55C2E0" bold="true" box="[352,420,2012,2038]" pageId="3" pageNumber="304">Body.</emphasis>
|
||
Coloration variable according to species. Oval shape, lateral edges rounded.
|
||
<emphasis id="27CF88533A5AFF9D9061FF9CFA95C2E0" bold="true" box="[1287,1380,2012,2038]" pageId="3" pageNumber="304">Length.</emphasis>
|
||
<quantity id="D243F9A43A5AFF9A900DFF9BFF0CC5A5" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="305" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.05" metricValueMax="10.3" metricValueMin="5.8" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" unit="mm" value="8.05" valueMax="10.3" valueMin="5.8">5.8– 10.3 mm</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="27CF88533A5DFF9A9461F8D9FEB6C5A5" bold="true" box="[263,327,153,179]" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">Head</emphasis>
|
||
. Dorsal surface with fine microgranulation. Clypeal margin with two small, triangular central teeth. Lateral margin regularly curved outward. Eye comma shaped in dorsal view. Dorsal interocular space at least 12 times as wide as eyes.
|
||
<emphasis id="27CF88533A5DFF9A94F8F8A1FE06C5ED" bold="true" box="[414,503,225,251]" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">Thorax</emphasis>
|
||
. Pronotum twice as wide as long, anterior angles acute, directed forward. Margin between anterior and posterior angles slightly or strongly curved outward, with or without angulation at the middle portion. Surface of pronotum with color pattern variable according to species. Hypomera not excavated, lacking carina separating the anterior and posterior portions, or with short and inconspicuous carina. Mesometaventral suture straight or slightly arched. Metaventrite moderately convex.
|
||
<emphasis id="27CF88533A5DFF9A9609F931FC4AC49D" bold="true" box="[879,955,369,395]" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">Elytra</emphasis>
|
||
. Lateral margin slightly curved outward or approximately straight. Elytral striae weakly (
|
||
<figureCitation id="8D8048C43A5DFF9A97F0F9D5FD1AC4B9" box="[662,747,405,431]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1773,1798]" captionTargetBox="[159,1427,925,1741]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[151,1436,921,1749]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 3. Details of the external morphology in Scybalocanthon. A, Elytral surface in S. chamorroi new species; B, elytral surface in S. acrianus new species; C, pygidium in S. sexpilotus; D, detail of the eighth elytral stria in S. pygidialis (carina point- ed); E, mesofemur in S. kaestneri; F, mesofemur in S. nigriceps; G, mesotarsus in S. moniliatus; H, metatarsus in S. moniliatus; I, mesotibia in S. aereus; J, mesotibia of Canthon arcabuquensis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3995516" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3995516/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">Fig. 3B</figureCitation>
|
||
) or strongly (
|
||
<figureCitation id="8D8048C43A5DFF9A96E4F9D5FC28C4B9" box="[898,985,405,431]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1773,1798]" captionTargetBox="[159,1427,925,1741]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[151,1436,921,1749]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 3. Details of the external morphology in Scybalocanthon. A, Elytral surface in S. chamorroi new species; B, elytral surface in S. acrianus new species; C, pygidium in S. sexpilotus; D, detail of the eighth elytral stria in S. pygidialis (carina point- ed); E, mesofemur in S. kaestneri; F, mesofemur in S. nigriceps; G, mesotarsus in S. moniliatus; H, metatarsus in S. moniliatus; I, mesotibia in S. aereus; J, mesotibia of Canthon arcabuquensis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3995516" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3995516/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">Fig. 3A</figureCitation>
|
||
) impressed, with punctures conspicuous or not. Surface of elytra with color pattern variable according to species. Eighth stria carinate (
|
||
<figureCitation id="8D8048C43A5DFF9A91B4F9F9FADBC4C5" box="[1234,1322,441,467]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1773,1798]" captionTargetBox="[159,1427,925,1741]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[151,1436,921,1749]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 3. Details of the external morphology in Scybalocanthon. A, Elytral surface in S. chamorroi new species; B, elytral surface in S. acrianus new species; C, pygidium in S. sexpilotus; D, detail of the eighth elytral stria in S. pygidialis (carina point- ed); E, mesofemur in S. kaestneri; F, mesofemur in S. nigriceps; G, mesotarsus in S. moniliatus; H, metatarsus in S. moniliatus; I, mesotibia in S. aereus; J, mesotibia of Canthon arcabuquensis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3995516" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3995516/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">Fig. 3D</figureCitation>
|
||
) or not at the anterior portion.
|
||
<emphasis id="27CF88533A5DFF9A94E4F99CFE06C4E1" bold="true" box="[386,503,476,503]" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">Abdomen</emphasis>
|
||
. Pygidium rounded apically, not separated from propygidium by carina, or carina inconspicuous. Surface of pygidium with color pattern variable according to species.
|
||
<emphasis id="27CF88533A5DFF9A9104FA41FB6BC70D" bold="true" box="[1122,1178,513,539]" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">Legs</emphasis>
|
||
. Surface with uniform coloration or with yellow and black spots along its length (
|
||
<figureCitation id="8D8048C43A5DFF9A9657FA65FC8FC729" box="[817,894,549,575]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1773,1798]" captionTargetBox="[159,1427,925,1741]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[151,1436,921,1749]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 3. Details of the external morphology in Scybalocanthon. A, Elytral surface in S. chamorroi new species; B, elytral surface in S. acrianus new species; C, pygidium in S. sexpilotus; D, detail of the eighth elytral stria in S. pygidialis (carina point- ed); E, mesofemur in S. kaestneri; F, mesofemur in S. nigriceps; G, mesotarsus in S. moniliatus; H, metatarsus in S. moniliatus; I, mesotibia in S. aereus; J, mesotibia of Canthon arcabuquensis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3995516" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3995516/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">Figs. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
E–F). Protibiae with three lateral teeth. Anterior and posterior edge of mesofemora and metafemora not margined. Mesotibiae smoothly arched toward body. Metatibiae almost straight. First mesotarsomeres and metatarsomeres short, external margin approximately half the length of the second tarsomere, obliquely truncate at the apex (
|
||
<figureCitation id="8D8048C43A5DFF9A9668FAD1FCABC7BD" box="[782,858,657,683]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1773,1798]" captionTargetBox="[159,1427,925,1741]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[151,1436,921,1749]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 3. Details of the external morphology in Scybalocanthon. A, Elytral surface in S. chamorroi new species; B, elytral surface in S. acrianus new species; C, pygidium in S. sexpilotus; D, detail of the eighth elytral stria in S. pygidialis (carina point- ed); E, mesofemur in S. kaestneri; F, mesofemur in S. nigriceps; G, mesotarsus in S. moniliatus; H, metatarsus in S. moniliatus; I, mesotibia in S. aereus; J, mesotibia of Canthon arcabuquensis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3995516" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3995516/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">Figs. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
G–H). Tarsal claws without basal teeth.
|
||
<emphasis id="27CF88533A5DFF9A9078FAD0FE99C7D9" bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">Secondary sexual characters</emphasis>
|
||
. Females can be distinguished from males, in general, by the middle protibial tooth equidistant from the other teeth; in males, the middle protibial tooth is closer to apical tooth. Apex of protibial teeth and tibial spur more pointed than that of males. Sixth abdominal ventrite longer than in males. The anterocentral portion of sixth abdominal ventrite, in the lateral view, more swollen than the posterocentral portion (males have, in general, the posterocentral portion more swollen).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D2BB2FC23A5DFF9A971CFB05FCCFC649" baseAuthorityName="Harold" baseAuthorityYear="1868" box="[634,830,837,863]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Canthon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="305" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cyanocephalus">
|
||
<emphasis id="27CF88533A5DFF9A971CFB05FCCFC649" box="[634,830,837,863]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">S. cyanocephalus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D2BB2FC23A5DFF9A961CFB05FC03C649" authority="Silva & Valois, 2019" authorityName="Silva & Valois" authorityYear="2019" box="[890,1010,837,863]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Scybalocanthon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="305" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arnaudi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="27CF88533A5DFF9A961CFB05FC03C649" box="[890,1010,837,863]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">S. arnaudi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="27CF88533A5DFF9A969DFB05FB76C649" bold="true" box="[1019,1159,836,863]" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="3CFC35283A5DFF9A969DFB05FB76C649" box="[1019,1159,836,863]" pageId="4" pageNumber="305" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
do not show the sexual dimorphism discussed above (
|
||
<emphasis id="27CF88533A5DFF9A9495FB2AFDE7C695" box="[499,534,874,899]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">i.e.</emphasis>
|
||
, the differences concerning the protibial teeth, the protibial spur and the sixth ventrite).
|
||
<emphasis id="27CF88533A5DFF9A9463FBCCFE34C6B1" bold="true" box="[261,453,908,935]" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">Genital capsule.</emphasis>
|
||
Parameres slightly to strongly asymmetrical; dorsal margin with or without projection; ventral margin can have an excavation at the basal portion (as
|
||
<figureCitation id="8D8048C43A5DFF9A9639FBF1FC45C6DD" box="[863,948,945,971]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1663,1688]" captionTargetBox="[164,1424,190,1621]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[151,1436,181,1637]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 4. Aedeagus, detail of parameres in left and right view. A, Scybalocanthon acrianus new species; B, S. adisi new species; C, S. aereus; D, S. aereus (lectotype); E, S. arnaudi new species; F, S. chamorroi new species; G, S. cyanocephalus; H, S. darlingtoni; I, S. federicoescobari new species; J, S. haroldi new species; K, S. kaestneri; L, S. kelleri; M, S. korasakiae; N, S. maculatus; O, S. martinezi new species; P, S. moniliatus; Q, S. nigriceps; R, S. papaxibe new species; S, S. pinopterus; T, S. pygidialis; U, S. sexspilotus; V, S. trimaculatus; W, S. uniplagiatus. Scale bar: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3995518" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3995518/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">Fig. 4S</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis id="27CF88533A5DFF9A96ACFBF1FB90C6DD" bold="true" box="[970,1121,945,971]" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">Endophallus</emphasis>
|
||
. Lamella copulatrix absent. Superior right peripheral (SRP) sclerite circular, with handle-shaped extension and ring with thin border (
|
||
<figureCitation id="8D8048C43A5DFF9A9002FB95FF55C105" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1584,1609]" captionTargetBox="[170,1421,191,1543]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[151,1436,181,1558]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 5. Sclerites of endophallus. Superior right peripheral (SRP) sclerite. Fronto-lateral peripheral (FLP) sclerite. Complex of axial and subaxial (A+SA) sclerites.Additional sclerite (AS). Set of microbristles (Smb). Set of bristles (Sb). A, Scybalocanthon acrianus new species; B, S. adisi new species; C, S. aereus; D, S. arnaudi new species; E, S. chamorroi new species; F, S. cyanocephalus; G, S. darlingtoni; H, S. federicoescobari new species; I, S. haroldi new species; J. S. kaestneri; K, S. kelleri; L, S. korasakiae; M, S. maculatus; N, S. martinezi new species; O, S. moniliatus; P, S. nigriceps; Q, S. papaxibe new species; R, S. pinopterus; S, S. pygidialis (specimen from Amazonas, Brazil); T, S. pygidialis (specimen from Cayenne, French Guiana); U, S. sexspilotus; V, S. trimaculatus; W, S. uniplagiatus. Scale bar: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3995520" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3995520/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">Figs. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
A–W). Frontolateral peripheral (FLP) sclerite with variable shape according to species (
|
||
<figureCitation id="8D8048C43A5DFF9A911EFBB9FB32C105" box="[1144,1219,1016,1043]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1584,1609]" captionTargetBox="[170,1421,191,1543]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[151,1436,181,1558]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 5. Sclerites of endophallus. Superior right peripheral (SRP) sclerite. Fronto-lateral peripheral (FLP) sclerite. Complex of axial and subaxial (A+SA) sclerites.Additional sclerite (AS). Set of microbristles (Smb). Set of bristles (Sb). A, Scybalocanthon acrianus new species; B, S. adisi new species; C, S. aereus; D, S. arnaudi new species; E, S. chamorroi new species; F, S. cyanocephalus; G, S. darlingtoni; H, S. federicoescobari new species; I, S. haroldi new species; J. S. kaestneri; K, S. kelleri; L, S. korasakiae; M, S. maculatus; N, S. martinezi new species; O, S. moniliatus; P, S. nigriceps; Q, S. papaxibe new species; R, S. pinopterus; S, S. pygidialis (specimen from Amazonas, Brazil); T, S. pygidialis (specimen from Cayenne, French Guiana); U, S. sexspilotus; V, S. trimaculatus; W, S. uniplagiatus. Scale bar: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3995520" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3995520/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">Figs. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
A–W). Complex of axial and subaxial (A+SA) sclerites elongate, with irregular shape; in some species there can be one short additional sclerite (
|
||
<collectingCountry id="6DAC14D13A5DFF9A9591FC01FEECC14D" box="[247,285,1089,1115]" name="American Samoa" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">AS</collectingCountry>
|
||
) attached to the larger sclerite (
|
||
<figureCitation id="8D8048C43A5DFF9A9719FC01FD3AC14D" box="[639,715,1088,1115]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1584,1609]" captionTargetBox="[170,1421,191,1543]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[151,1436,181,1558]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 5. Sclerites of endophallus. Superior right peripheral (SRP) sclerite. Fronto-lateral peripheral (FLP) sclerite. Complex of axial and subaxial (A+SA) sclerites.Additional sclerite (AS). Set of microbristles (Smb). Set of bristles (Sb). A, Scybalocanthon acrianus new species; B, S. adisi new species; C, S. aereus; D, S. arnaudi new species; E, S. chamorroi new species; F, S. cyanocephalus; G, S. darlingtoni; H, S. federicoescobari new species; I, S. haroldi new species; J. S. kaestneri; K, S. kelleri; L, S. korasakiae; M, S. maculatus; N, S. martinezi new species; O, S. moniliatus; P, S. nigriceps; Q, S. papaxibe new species; R, S. pinopterus; S, S. pygidialis (specimen from Amazonas, Brazil); T, S. pygidialis (specimen from Cayenne, French Guiana); U, S. sexspilotus; V, S. trimaculatus; W, S. uniplagiatus. Scale bar: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3995520" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3995520/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">Figs. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
A–W).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="150454413A5DFF9A95A1FC24FBB7C3F5" blockId="4.[151,1437,153,2015]" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">
|
||
<emphasis id="27CF88533A5DFF9A95A1FC24FE4CC169" bold="true" box="[199,445,1124,1151]" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">Taxonomic remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
According to
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="712A29B03A5DFF9A9739FC25FCE6C169" author="Martinez, A." box="[607,791,1125,1151]" pageId="4" pageNumber="305" pagination="3 - 11" refId="ref46541" refString="Martinez, A. (1948) Insectos nuevos o poco conocidos-VI (Col. Scarabaeidae) dos nuevos generos de Lamellicornia (Coleoptera). Revista de la Sociedad Entomologica Argentina, 14 (12), 3 - 11." type="journal article" year="1948">Martínez (1948)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, in his original description of the genus, the main characters that separate
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D2BB2FC23A5DFF9A9439FCC9FDE3C1B5" authorityName="Martinez" authorityYear="1948" box="[351,530,1161,1187]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Scybalocanthon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="305" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="27CF88533A5DFF9A9439FCC9FDE3C1B5" box="[351,530,1161,1187]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">Scybalocanthon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D2BB2FC23A5DFF9A973FFCC9FD48C1B5" authorityName="Hoffmannsegg" authorityYear="1817" box="[601,697,1161,1187]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Canthon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="305" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="27CF88533A5DFF9A973FFCC9FD48C1B5" box="[601,697,1161,1187]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">Canthon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are the first mesotarsomeres and metatarsomeres notably shorter than the second; the shape of mesotarsomeres and metatarsomeres; the tooth on the outer edge of protibiae; protibial spur not differentiated between males and females; and the shape of labium.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="712A29B03A5DFF9A916BFC91FB37C1FD" author="Martinez, A." box="[1037,1222,1233,1259]" pageId="4" pageNumber="305" pagination="3 - 11" refId="ref46541" refString="Martinez, A. (1948) Insectos nuevos o poco conocidos-VI (Col. Scarabaeidae) dos nuevos generos de Lamellicornia (Coleoptera). Revista de la Sociedad Entomologica Argentina, 14 (12), 3 - 11." type="journal article" year="1948">Martínez (1948)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
did not accurately stated how much shorter the first mesotarsomeres and metatarsomeres are in relation to the second, rendering this characteristics ambiguous for a long time.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="712A29B03A5DFF9A97EDFD59FC3AC025" author="Martinez A. & Halffter, G." box="[651,971,1305,1331]" pageId="4" pageNumber="305" pagination="33 - 66" refId="ref46694" refString="Martinez A. & Halffter, G. (1972) New taxa of American Canthonina. Entomologische Arbeiten aus dem Museum G. Frey, 23, 33 - 66." type="journal article" year="1972">Martínez & Halffter (1972)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, for instance, described
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D2BB2FC23A5DFF9A918FFD59FEDEC041" authorityName="Martinez & Halffter" authorityYear="1972" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Scybalocanthon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="305" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="balachowskyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="27CF88533A5DFF9A918FFD59FEDEC041" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">Scybalocanthon balachowskyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and stated that the first mesotarsomeres are “faintly shorter than second”.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="712A29B03A5DFF9A911EFD7DFA6DC041" author="Molano R. & Medina, C. A." box="[1144,1436,1341,1367]" pageId="4" pageNumber="305" pagination="689 - 699" refId="ref46882" refString="Molano R., F. & Medina, C. A. (2010) A new species of Scybalocanthon (Coleoptera: Scarabaeinae: Canthonini) and description of the variation of the male genitalia. Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad, 81, 689 - 699." type="journal article" year="2010">Molano & Medina (2010)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
compared the morphology of this character among several
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D2BB2FC23A5DFF9A964FFD21FC2DC06D" authorityName="Martinez" authorityYear="1948" box="[809,988,1377,1403]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Scybalocanthon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="305" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="27CF88533A5DFF9A964FFD21FC2DC06D" box="[809,988,1377,1403]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">Scybalocanthon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species and pointed out that, in general, the second mesotarsomeres and metatarsomeres are twice the length of the first. According to these authors, the second mesotarsomeres and metatarsomeres are 1.5 times the length of the first only in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D2BB2FC23A5DFF9A91EAFDE9FABDC0D5" authorityName="Molano & Medina" authorityYear="2010" box="[1164,1356,1449,1475]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Canthon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="305" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arcabuquensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="27CF88533A5DFF9A91EAFDE9FABDC0D5" box="[1164,1356,1449,1475]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">S. arcabuquensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D2BB2FC23A5DFF9A90E1FDE9FF01C0F1" authorityName="Schmidt" authorityYear="1922" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Canthon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="305" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigellus">
|
||
<emphasis id="27CF88533A5DFF9A90E1FDE9FA64C0D5" box="[1415,1429,1449,1475]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">S</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="27CF88533A5DFF9A95F1FD8DFF01C0F1" box="[151,240,1485,1511]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">nigellus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="712A29B03A5DFF9A9598FD8DFDDDC0F1" author="Vaz-de-Mello, F. Z. & Edmonds, W. D. & Ocampo, F. C. & Schoolmeesters, P." box="[254,556,1485,1511]" pageId="4" pageNumber="305" pagination="1 - 73" refId="ref48332" refString="Vaz-de-Mello, F. Z., Edmonds, W. D., Ocampo, F. C. & Schoolmeesters, P. (2011) A multilingual key to the genera and subgenera of the subfamily Scarabaeinae of the New World (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae). Zootaxa, 2854, 1 - 73. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 2854.1.1" type="journal article" year="2011">
|
||
Vaz-de-Mello
|
||
<emphasis id="27CF88533A5DFF9A94C6FD8EFE23C0F1" box="[416,466,1485,1511]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2011)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, in their identification key to the genera and subgenera of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D2BB2FC23A5DFF9A91A6FD8DFAA5C0F1" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" box="[1216,1364,1485,1511]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="305" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Scarabaeinae">Scarabaeinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
of the New World, stated the following for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D2BB2FC23A5DFF9A9753FDB1FD19C31D" authorityName="Martinez" authorityYear="1948" box="[565,744,1521,1547]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Scybalocanthon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="305" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="27CF88533A5DFF9A9753FDB1FD19C31D" box="[565,744,1521,1547]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">Scybalocanthon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: “Basal tarsomere of mesotarsus and metatarsus short, length about one-half that of second tarsomere, obliquely (nearly 45º) truncate apically. Lateral borders of tarsomeres parallel, forming a continuous border for all tarsi, overall shape of tarsomeres 2‒4 quadrate to rectangular”. Although
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="712A29B03A5DFF9A95F1FE1DFE46C361" author="Molano R. & Medina, C. A." box="[151,439,1629,1655]" pageId="4" pageNumber="305" pagination="689 - 699" refId="ref46882" refString="Molano R., F. & Medina, C. A. (2010) A new species of Scybalocanthon (Coleoptera: Scarabaeinae: Canthonini) and description of the variation of the male genitalia. Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad, 81, 689 - 699." type="journal article" year="2010">Molano & Medina (2010)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
stated that most of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D2BB2FC23A5DFF9A97E9FE1DFCB3C361" authorityName="Martinez" authorityYear="1948" box="[655,834,1629,1655]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Scybalocanthon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="305" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="27CF88533A5DFF9A97E9FE1DFCB3C361" box="[655,834,1629,1655]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">Scybalocanthon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species have the second mesotarsomeres and metatarsomeres with at least twice the length of the first, they described a species in which the second mesotarsomeres and metatarsomeres were about 1.5 times the length of the first only.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="712A29B03A5DFF9A960EFEE5FB7CC3A9" author="Molano R. & Parrales R. & D. A" box="[872,1165,1700,1727]" pageId="4" pageNumber="305" pagination="359 - 368" refId="ref46931" refString="Molano R., F. & Parrales R., D. A. (2015) Una nueva especie de Scybalocanthon Martinez, 1948 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeinae) de los Andes Colombianos. Boletin Cientifico Museo de Historia Natural, Universidad de Caldas, 19, 359 - 368." type="journal article" year="2015">Molano & Parrales (2015)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
also described a species (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D2BB2FC23A5DFF9A95C7FE89FEE5C3F5" authorityName="Molano & Parrales" authorityYear="2015" box="[161,276,1737,1763]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Canthon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="305" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="magnus">
|
||
<emphasis id="27CF88533A5DFF9A95C7FE89FEE5C3F5" box="[161,276,1737,1763]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">S. magnus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) that has subequal first and second mesotarsomeres and metatarsomeres.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="150454413A5DFF9B95A1FEADFC65C471" blockId="4.[151,1437,153,2015]" lastBlockId="5.[151,1437,153,1583]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="306" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D2BB2FC23A5DFF9A95A1FEADFE8BC211" authorityName="Martinez" authorityYear="1948" box="[199,378,1773,1799]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Scybalocanthon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="305" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="27CF88533A5DFF9A95A1FEADFE8BC211" box="[199,378,1773,1799]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">Scybalocanthon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, as defined here, comprises only species with the following combination of characters: second mesotarsomeres and metatarsomeres with external margin with twice the length of the first tarsomeres, the latter with apex obliquely truncate (
|
||
<figureCitation id="8D8048C43A5DFF9A948FFF75FDC4C259" box="[489,565,1845,1871]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1773,1798]" captionTargetBox="[159,1427,925,1741]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[151,1436,921,1749]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 3. Details of the external morphology in Scybalocanthon. A, Elytral surface in S. chamorroi new species; B, elytral surface in S. acrianus new species; C, pygidium in S. sexpilotus; D, detail of the eighth elytral stria in S. pygidialis (carina point- ed); E, mesofemur in S. kaestneri; F, mesofemur in S. nigriceps; G, mesotarsus in S. moniliatus; H, metatarsus in S. moniliatus; I, mesotibia in S. aereus; J, mesotibia of Canthon arcabuquensis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3995516" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3995516/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">Figs. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
G–H); lateral borders of tarsomeres parallel, forming a continuous border for all tarsi, overall shape of tarsomeres 2‒4 quadrate to rectangular; and dorsal/internal surface of mesotibiae with dense, randomly distributed setae (
|
||
<figureCitation id="8D8048C43A5DFF9A977DFF3DFD99C281" box="[539,616,1917,1943]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1773,1798]" captionTargetBox="[159,1427,925,1741]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[151,1436,921,1749]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 3. Details of the external morphology in Scybalocanthon. A, Elytral surface in S. chamorroi new species; B, elytral surface in S. acrianus new species; C, pygidium in S. sexpilotus; D, detail of the eighth elytral stria in S. pygidialis (carina point- ed); E, mesofemur in S. kaestneri; F, mesofemur in S. nigriceps; G, mesotarsus in S. moniliatus; H, metatarsus in S. moniliatus; I, mesotibia in S. aereus; J, mesotibia of Canthon arcabuquensis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3995516" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3995516/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">Fig. 3I</figureCitation>
|
||
). The latter character is proposed herein to establish a more precise genus limit in combination with the other characters mentioned above. Some species currently included in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D2BB2FC23A5DFF9A9074FFE1FF38C2C9" authorityName="Martinez" authorityYear="1948" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Scybalocanthon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="305" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="27CF88533A5DFF9A9074FFE1FF38C2C9" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">Scybalocanthon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, however, have the second mesotarsomeres and metatarsomeres with external margin approximately 1.5 times the length of the first tarsomere, or shorter; lateral margins of mesotarsomeres and metatarsomeres 2-4 divergent apically, not forming a continuous border for all tarsi; and/or dorsal/internal surface of mesotibiae with setae arranged in rows. Therefore, these species were removed from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D2BB2FC23A5CFF9B9641F8A1FC2BC5ED" authorityName="Martinez" authorityYear="1948" box="[807,986,225,251]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Scybalocanthon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="306" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="27CF88533A5CFF9B9641F8A1FC2BC5ED" box="[807,986,225,251]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">Scybalocanthon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and considered as
|
||
<emphasis id="27CF88533A5CFF9B91D7F8A2FABCC5ED" box="[1201,1357,225,251]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">incertae sedis</emphasis>
|
||
within the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D2BB2FC23A5CFF9B946CF945FE9BC409" authorityName="Hoffmannsegg" authorityYear="1817" box="[266,362,261,287]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Canthon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="306" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="27CF88533A5CFF9B946CF945FE9BC409" box="[266,362,261,287]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">Canthon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D2BB2FC23A5CFF9B941CF945FC49C409" authority="(Molano & Medina, 2010)" authorityName="Silva & Valois" authorityYear="2019" baseAuthorityName="Molano & Medina" baseAuthorityYear="2010" box="[378,952,261,287]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Canthon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="306" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arcabuquensis" status="comb. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="27CF88533A5CFF9B941CF945FD75C409" box="[378,644,261,287]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">Canthon arcabuquensis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="712A29B03A5CFF9B97F2F945FC41C409" author="Molano R. & Medina, C. A." box="[660,944,261,287]" pageId="5" pageNumber="306" pagination="689 - 699" refId="ref46882" refString="Molano R., F. & Medina, C. A. (2010) A new species of Scybalocanthon (Coleoptera: Scarabaeinae: Canthonini) and description of the variation of the male genitalia. Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad, 81, 689 - 699." type="journal article" year="2010">Molano & Medina, 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="27CF88533A5CFF9B96A6F945FB7DC409" bold="true" box="[960,1164,260,287]" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="3CFC35283A5CFF9B96A6F945FB7DC409" box="[960,1164,260,287]" pageId="5" pageNumber="306" rank="species">new combination</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D2BB2FC23A5CFF9B91FAF945FE21C455" authority="(Martinez & Halffter, 1972)" authorityName="Silva & Valois" authorityYear="2019" baseAuthorityName="Martinez & Halffter" baseAuthorityYear="1972" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Canthon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="306" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="balachowskyi" status="comb. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="27CF88533A5CFF9B91FAF945FA6DC409" box="[1180,1436,261,287]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">Canthon balachowskyi</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="712A29B03A5CFF9B95F9F969FE36C455" author="Martinez A. & Halffter, G." box="[159,455,297,323]" pageId="5" pageNumber="306" pagination="33 - 66" refId="ref46694" refString="Martinez A. & Halffter, G. (1972) New taxa of American Canthonina. Entomologische Arbeiten aus dem Museum G. Frey, 23, 33 - 66." type="journal article" year="1972">Martínez & Halffter, 1972</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="27CF88533A5CFF9B94B1F969FD52C455" bold="true" box="[471,675,296,323]" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="3CFC35283A5CFF9B94B1F969FD52C455" box="[471,675,296,323]" pageId="5" pageNumber="306" rank="species">new combination</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D2BB2FC23A5CFF9B97D7F969FBEFC455" authority="Schmidt, 1922" authorityName="Schmidt" authorityYear="1922" box="[689,1054,297,323]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Canthon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="306" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigellus">
|
||
<emphasis id="27CF88533A5CFF9B97D7F969FC80C455" box="[689,881,297,323]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">Canthon nigellus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="712A29B03A5CFF9B961EF969FBEFC455" author="Schmidt, A." box="[888,1054,297,323]" pageId="5" pageNumber="306" pagination="61 - 103" refId="ref47526" refString="Schmidt, A. (1922) 1. Bestimmungstabelle der mir bekannten Canthon - Arten. 2. Verbretungsgebiete der Canthon - Arten. 3. Neubeschreibungen von Canthon, Saproistes, Mendidius, Euparia und Ataenius. Archiv fur Naturgeschichte, 88 A (Heft 3), 61 - 103." type="journal article" year="1922">Schmidt, 1922</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D2BB2FC23A5CFF9B914FF969FA69C455" authority="Harold, 1868" authorityName="Harold" authorityYear="1868" box="[1065,1432,297,323]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Canthon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="306" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="luctuosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="27CF88533A5CFF9B914FF969FB0AC455" box="[1065,1275,297,323]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">Canthon luctuosus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="712A29B03A5CFF9B9064F969FA69C455" author="Harold, E. von" box="[1282,1432,297,323]" pageId="5" pageNumber="306" pagination="1 - 144" refId="ref45993" refString="Harold, E. von (1868) Monographie der gattung Canthon. Berliner entomologische Zeitschrift, 12, 1 - 144. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / mmnd. 18680120104" type="journal article" year="1868">Harold, 1868</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D2BB2FC23A5CFF9B95A1F90DFD4BC471" authority="(Molano & Parrales, 2015)" authorityName="Silva & Valois" authorityYear="2019" baseAuthorityName="Molano & Parrales" baseAuthorityYear="2015" box="[199,698,332,359]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Canthon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="306" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="magnus" status="comb. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="27CF88533A5CFF9B95A1F90DFE74C471" box="[199,389,333,359]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">Canthon magnus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="712A29B03A5CFF9B94F2F90DFD42C471" author="Molano R. & Parrales R. & D. A" box="[404,691,332,359]" pageId="5" pageNumber="306" pagination="359 - 368" refId="ref46931" refString="Molano R., F. & Parrales R., D. A. (2015) Una nueva especie de Scybalocanthon Martinez, 1948 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeinae) de los Andes Colombianos. Boletin Cientifico Museo de Historia Natural, Universidad de Caldas, 19, 359 - 368." type="journal article" year="2015">Molano & Parrales, 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="27CF88533A5CFF9B97A7F90DFC7CC471" bold="true" box="[705,909,332,359]" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="3CFC35283A5CFF9B97A7F90DFC7CC471" box="[705,909,332,359]" pageId="5" pageNumber="306" rank="species">new combination</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="150454413A5CFF9B95A1F931FA9CC7D9" blockId="5.[151,1437,153,1583]" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">
|
||
The taxonomy of the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D2BB2FC23A5CFF9B9777F931FD80C49D" authorityName="Hoffmannsegg" authorityYear="1817" box="[529,625,369,395]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Canthon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="306" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="27CF88533A5CFF9B9777F931FD80C49D" box="[529,625,369,395]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">Canthon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is still problematic. Throughout its taxonomic history, more than 250 species have been described in this genus (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="712A29B03A5CFF9B97E1F9D5FCD2C4B9" author="Krajcik, M." box="[647,803,405,431]" pageId="5" pageNumber="306" pagination="1 - 278" refId="ref46440" refString="Krajcik, M. (2012) Checklist of the world Scarabaeoidea. Animma. X, Supplement 5, 1 - 278." type="journal article" year="2012">Krajcik 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), but its precise limits have not been established. Over the last decades, attempts tried to reduce the great heterogeneity and artificiality of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D2BB2FC23A5CFF9B912FF9F9FB58C4C5" authorityName="Hoffmannsegg" authorityYear="1817" box="[1097,1193,441,467]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Canthon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="306" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="27CF88533A5CFF9B912FF9F9FB58C4C5" box="[1097,1193,441,467]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">Canthon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Several
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="3CFC35283A5CFF9B9073F9F9FA6DC4C5" box="[1301,1436,441,467]" pageId="5" pageNumber="306" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
were described and the genus was divided into a large number of taxa (nine subgenera and 28 full genera) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="712A29B03A5CFF9B9024F99DFEACC70D" author="Halffter, G. & Martinez, A." pageId="5" pageNumber="306" pagination="29 - 107" refId="ref45849" refString="Halffter, G. & Martinez, A. (1977) Revision monografica de los Canthonina Americanos, IV parte. Clave para generos y subgeneros. Folia Entomologica Mexicana, 38, 29 - 107." type="journal article" year="1977">Halffter & Martínez 1977</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; see also
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="712A29B03A5CFF9B94ADFA41FCD9C70D" author="Vaz-de-Mello, F. Z. & Cupello, M." box="[459,808,513,539]" pageId="5" pageNumber="306" pagination="33 - 76" refId="ref48192" refString="Vaz-de-Mello, F. Z. & Cupello, M. (2018) The type specimens of South American dung beetles. Part I: on the species described in the genus Canthon Hoffmannsegg, 1817 by the German entomologist Adolf Schmidt (1856 - 1923) (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Scarabaeinae). Spixiana, 41, 33 - 76." type="journal article" year="2018">Cupello & Vaz-de-Mello 2018</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="712A29B03A5CFF9B965AFA41FB56C70D" author="Vaz-de-Mello, F. Z. & Cupello, M." box="[828,1191,513,539]" pageId="5" pageNumber="306" pagination="33 - 76" refId="ref48192" refString="Vaz-de-Mello, F. Z. & Cupello, M. (2018) The type specimens of South American dung beetles. Part I: on the species described in the genus Canthon Hoffmannsegg, 1817 by the German entomologist Adolf Schmidt (1856 - 1923) (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Scarabaeinae). Spixiana, 41, 33 - 76." type="journal article" year="2018">Cupello & Vaz-de-Mello (2018)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
suppose that the taxa considered by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="712A29B03A5CFF9B945CFA65FD9CC729" author="Halffter, G. & Martinez, A." box="[314,621,549,575]" pageId="5" pageNumber="306" pagination="29 - 107" refId="ref45849" refString="Halffter, G. & Martinez, A. (1977) Revision monografica de los Canthonina Americanos, IV parte. Clave para generos y subgeneros. Folia Entomologica Mexicana, 38, 29 - 107." type="journal article" year="1977">Halffter & Martínez (1977)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
as subgenera of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D2BB2FC23A5CFF9B964EFA65FC79C729" authorityName="Hoffmannsegg" authorityYear="1817" box="[808,904,549,575]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Canthon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="306" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="27CF88533A5CFF9B964EFA65FC79C729" box="[808,904,549,575]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">Canthon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
will eventually turn out as independent genera, since there is no known synapomorphy. Currently, most
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D2BB2FC23A5CFF9B966AFA09FC9DC775" authorityName="Hoffmannsegg" authorityYear="1817" box="[780,876,585,611]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Canthon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="306" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="27CF88533A5CFF9B966AFA09FC9DC775" box="[780,876,585,611]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">Canthon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species are assigned to one of the nine subgenera, but 29 species and subspecies have not been hitherto classified in the last taxonomic revision of the genus (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="712A29B03A5CFF9B9024FA2DFEAFC7BD" author="Halffter, G. & Martinez, A." pageId="5" pageNumber="306" pagination="29 - 107" refId="ref45849" refString="Halffter, G. & Martinez, A. (1977) Revision monografica de los Canthonina Americanos, IV parte. Clave para generos y subgeneros. Folia Entomologica Mexicana, 38, 29 - 107." type="journal article" year="1977">Halffter & Martínez 1977</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="712A29B03A5CFF9B940DFAD1FD90C7BD" author="Schoolmeesters, P." box="[363,609,657,683]" pageId="5" pageNumber="306" pagination="2017" refId="ref47580" refString="Schoolmeesters, P. (2017) Scarabs: world Scarabaeidae database (version Jan 2017). In: Roskov, Y., Abucay, L., Orrell T., Nicolson, D., Bailly, N., Kirk, P. M., Bourgoin, T., DeWalt, R. E., Decock, W., Nieukerken, E., van, Zarucchi, J., Penev, L. (Eds.), Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life, 2017 Annual Checklist. Available from: http: // www. catalogueoflife. org / annual-checklist / 2017 (accessed 18 April 2019)" type="book chapter" year="2017">Schoolmeesters 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). For those species,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="712A29B03A5CFF9B962EFAD1FB8EC7BD" author="Halffter, G. & Martinez, A." box="[840,1151,657,683]" pageId="5" pageNumber="306" pagination="29 - 107" refId="ref45849" refString="Halffter, G. & Martinez, A. (1977) Revision monografica de los Canthonina Americanos, IV parte. Clave para generos y subgeneros. Folia Entomologica Mexicana, 38, 29 - 107." type="journal article" year="1977">Halffter & Martínez (1977)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
formed groupings called “species lines”, some of which with subgroups. Since then, these species have been regarded as
|
||
<emphasis id="27CF88533A5CFF9B91ADFAF6FA97C7D9" box="[1227,1382,693,719]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">incertae sedis</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="150454413A5CFF9B95A1FA99FC6AC6F9" blockId="5.[151,1437,153,1583]" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">
|
||
In this work, the four species removed from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D2BB2FC23A5CFF9B97D9FA99FC83C7E5" authorityName="Martinez" authorityYear="1948" box="[703,882,729,755]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Scybalocanthon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="306" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="27CF88533A5CFF9B97D9FA99FC83C7E5" box="[703,882,729,755]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">Scybalocanthon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are considered as
|
||
<emphasis id="27CF88533A5CFF9B9125FA9AFB2FC7E5" box="[1091,1246,729,755]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">incertae sedis</emphasis>
|
||
within
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D2BB2FC23A5CFF9B9053FA99FA64C7E5" authorityName="Hoffmannsegg" authorityYear="1817" box="[1333,1429,729,755]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Canthon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="306" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="27CF88533A5CFF9B9053FA99FA64C7E5" box="[1333,1429,729,755]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">Canthon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. They do not present diagnostic characteristics that allow us to classify them into other genera closely related to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D2BB2FC23A5CFF9B95F1FB61FF06C62D" authorityName="Hoffmannsegg" authorityYear="1817" box="[151,247,801,827]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Canthon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="306" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="27CF88533A5CFF9B95F1FB61FF06C62D" box="[151,247,801,827]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">Canthon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="712A29B03A5CFF9B9463FB61FDD9C62D" author="Halffter, G. & Martinez, A." box="[261,552,801,827]" pageId="5" pageNumber="306" pagination="29 - 107" refId="ref45849" refString="Halffter, G. & Martinez, A. (1977) Revision monografica de los Canthonina Americanos, IV parte. Clave para generos y subgeneros. Folia Entomologica Mexicana, 38, 29 - 107." type="journal article" year="1977">Halffter & Martínez 1977</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="712A29B03A5CFF9B9754FB61FCB8C62D" author="Vaz-de-Mello, F. Z. & Edmonds, W. D. & Ocampo, F. C. & Schoolmeesters, P." box="[562,841,801,827]" pageId="5" pageNumber="306" pagination="1 - 73" refId="ref48332" refString="Vaz-de-Mello, F. Z., Edmonds, W. D., Ocampo, F. C. & Schoolmeesters, P. (2011) A multilingual key to the genera and subgenera of the subfamily Scarabaeinae of the New World (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae). Zootaxa, 2854, 1 - 73. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 2854.1.1" type="journal article" year="2011">
|
||
Vaz-de-Mello
|
||
<emphasis id="27CF88533A5CFF9B97B5FB62FCFBC62D" box="[723,778,801,827]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2011
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). At the same time, these species match the definition of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D2BB2FC23A5CFF9B95D1FB05FEE6C649" authorityName="Hoffmannsegg" authorityYear="1817" box="[183,279,837,863]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Canthon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="306" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="27CF88533A5CFF9B95D1FB05FEE6C649" box="[183,279,837,863]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">Canthon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
given by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="712A29B03A5CFF9B94EDFB05FD34C649" author="Halffter, G. & Martinez, A." box="[395,709,837,863]" pageId="5" pageNumber="306" pagination="29 - 107" refId="ref45849" refString="Halffter, G. & Martinez, A. (1977) Revision monografica de los Canthonina Americanos, IV parte. Clave para generos y subgeneros. Folia Entomologica Mexicana, 38, 29 - 107." type="journal article" year="1977">Halffter & Martínez (1977)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. According to the identification key to genera and subgenera of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D2BB2FC23A5CFF9B95F1FB29FEDAC695" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" box="[151,299,873,899]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="306" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Scarabaeinae">Scarabaeinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the New World (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="712A29B03A5CFF9B974AFB29FCBAC695" author="Vaz-de-Mello, F. Z. & Edmonds, W. D. & Ocampo, F. C. & Schoolmeesters, P." box="[556,843,873,899]" pageId="5" pageNumber="306" pagination="1 - 73" refId="ref48332" refString="Vaz-de-Mello, F. Z., Edmonds, W. D., Ocampo, F. C. & Schoolmeesters, P. (2011) A multilingual key to the genera and subgenera of the subfamily Scarabaeinae of the New World (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae). Zootaxa, 2854, 1 - 73. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 2854.1.1" type="journal article" year="2011">
|
||
Vaz-de-Mello
|
||
<emphasis id="27CF88533A5CFF9B97A9FB2AFCF9C695" box="[719,776,873,899]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2011
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), these species are also identified as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D2BB2FC23A5CFF9B918CFB29FABBC695" authorityName="Hoffmannsegg" authorityYear="1817" box="[1258,1354,873,899]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Canthon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="306" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="27CF88533A5CFF9B918CFB29FABBC695" box="[1258,1354,873,899]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">Canthon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In addition,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D2BB2FC23A5CFF9B9580FBCDFEB7C6B1" authorityName="Hoffmannsegg" authorityYear="1817" box="[230,326,909,935]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Canthon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="306" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="27CF88533A5CFF9B9580FBCDFEB7C6B1" box="[230,326,909,935]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">Canthon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was the genus in which two of those species were previously placed (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D2BB2FC23A5CFF9B9135FBCDFB3DC6B1" authorityName="Schmidt" authorityYear="1922" box="[1107,1228,909,935]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Canthon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="306" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigellus">
|
||
<emphasis id="27CF88533A5CFF9B9135FBCDFB3DC6B1" box="[1107,1228,909,935]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">C. nigellus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D2BB2FC23A5CFF9B9064FBCDFA7DC6B1" authorityName="Harold" authorityYear="1868" box="[1282,1420,909,935]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Canthon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="306" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="luctuosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="27CF88533A5CFF9B9064FBCDFA7DC6B1" box="[1282,1420,909,935]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">C. luctuosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Future cladistic studies may unravel the deeper relationships between those and other species of
|
||
<emphasis id="27CF88533A5CFF9B91D9FBF1FA67C6DD" box="[1215,1430,945,971]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D2BB2FC23A5CFF9B91D9FBF1FAEEC6DD" authorityName="Hoffmannsegg" authorityYear="1817" box="[1215,1311,945,971]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Canthon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="306" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" sensu="lato">Canthon</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="3CFC35283A5CFF9B9040FBF2FA67C6DD" box="[1318,1430,945,971]" pageId="5" pageNumber="306" sensu="lato">sensu lato</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, but we prefer to transfer temporarily those four species to this genus.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="150454413A5CFF9B95A1FBB9FB64C14A" blockId="5.[151,1437,153,1583]" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">
|
||
The genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D2BB2FC23A5CFF9B9420FBB9FE08C105" authorityName="Martinez" authorityYear="1948" box="[326,505,1017,1043]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Scybalocanthon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="306" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="27CF88533A5CFF9B9420FBB9FE08C105" box="[326,505,1017,1043]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">Scybalocanthon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, as defined here, includes 23 valid species that are primarily distributed in South America, with one species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D2BB2FC23A5CFF9B94A1FC5DFD04C121" authority="(Bates, 1887)" baseAuthorityName="Bates" baseAuthorityYear="1887" box="[455,757,1053,1079]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Canthon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="306" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="moniliatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="27CF88533A5CFF9B94A1FC5DFDA9C121" box="[455,600,1053,1079]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">S. moniliatus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="712A29B03A5CFF9B9700FC5DFD1FC121" author="Bates, H. W." box="[614,750,1053,1079]" pageId="5" pageNumber="306" pagination="1886 - 1890" refId="ref45140" refString="Bates, H. W. (1887) Tribe Lamellicornia. In: Bates, H. W. (Ed.), Biologia Centrali-Americana. Insecta. Coleoptera. Vol. II. Part 2. Pectinicornia and Lamellicornia. Taylor & Francis, London, pp. 25 - 64. [1886 - 1890]" type="book chapter" year="1887">Bates, 1887</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, reaching as far north as Central America. The highest known species richness occurs in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="6DAC14D13A5CFF9B94D9FC01FDF2C14D" box="[447,515,1089,1115]" name="Brazil" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
(11 species),
|
||
<collectingCountry id="6DAC14D13A5CFF9B97F8FC01FD0AC14D" box="[670,763,1089,1115]" name="Ecuador" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||
(8), and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="6DAC14D13A5CFF9B9606FC01FC3FC14D" box="[864,974,1089,1115]" name="Colombia" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">Colombia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(6) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="8D8048C43A5CFF9B9163FC01FBA2C14A" box="[1029,1107,1089,1116]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1784,1809]" captionTargetBox="[179,1376,186,1734]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[174,1414,181,1759]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 6. Known distribution of species of Scybalocanthon." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3995522" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3995522/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">Figs. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
A–F).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="150454413A5CFF9B95A1FC25FB1AC089" blockId="5.[151,1437,153,1583]" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">
|
||
The male genitalia present important characters used to recognize and delimit species within the genus. The most relevant characters are the asymmetry and shape of the left and right parameres, the presence or absence of sets of bristles or microbristles right beside the FLP sclerite, and the number of these sets of bristles. The parameres asymmetry is an important evolutionary character of the genus. This asymmetry may be light or strong. When the asymmetry is light, the parameres have a similar shape and the lengths are slightly different (
|
||
<figureCitation id="8D8048C43A5CFF9B91FFFCB5FB17C019" box="[1177,1254,1269,1295]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1663,1688]" captionTargetBox="[164,1424,190,1621]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[151,1436,181,1637]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 4. Aedeagus, detail of parameres in left and right view. A, Scybalocanthon acrianus new species; B, S. adisi new species; C, S. aereus; D, S. aereus (lectotype); E, S. arnaudi new species; F, S. chamorroi new species; G, S. cyanocephalus; H, S. darlingtoni; I, S. federicoescobari new species; J, S. haroldi new species; K, S. kaestneri; L, S. kelleri; M, S. korasakiae; N, S. maculatus; O, S. martinezi new species; P, S. moniliatus; Q, S. nigriceps; R, S. papaxibe new species; S, S. pinopterus; T, S. pygidialis; U, S. sexspilotus; V, S. trimaculatus; W, S. uniplagiatus. Scale bar: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3995518" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3995518/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">Figs. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
A–H, J–N, P–Q, S, U–V). However, if the asymmetry is strong, the shape of the parameres is completely different from one another (
|
||
<figureCitation id="8D8048C43A5CFF9B95F9FD7DFE7FC041" box="[159,398,1341,1367]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1663,1688]" captionTargetBox="[164,1424,190,1621]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[151,1436,181,1637]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 4. Aedeagus, detail of parameres in left and right view. A, Scybalocanthon acrianus new species; B, S. adisi new species; C, S. aereus; D, S. aereus (lectotype); E, S. arnaudi new species; F, S. chamorroi new species; G, S. cyanocephalus; H, S. darlingtoni; I, S. federicoescobari new species; J, S. haroldi new species; K, S. kaestneri; L, S. kelleri; M, S. korasakiae; N, S. maculatus; O, S. martinezi new species; P, S. moniliatus; Q, S. nigriceps; R, S. papaxibe new species; S, S. pinopterus; T, S. pygidialis; U, S. sexspilotus; V, S. trimaculatus; W, S. uniplagiatus. Scale bar: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3995518" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3995518/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">Figs. 4I, O, R, T, W</figureCitation>
|
||
). The morphology and size of the FLP can vary within the genus, from an elongate (
|
||
<figureCitation id="8D8048C43A5CFF9B9002FD7DFF52C06D" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1584,1609]" captionTargetBox="[170,1421,191,1543]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[151,1436,181,1558]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 5. Sclerites of endophallus. Superior right peripheral (SRP) sclerite. Fronto-lateral peripheral (FLP) sclerite. Complex of axial and subaxial (A+SA) sclerites.Additional sclerite (AS). Set of microbristles (Smb). Set of bristles (Sb). A, Scybalocanthon acrianus new species; B, S. adisi new species; C, S. aereus; D, S. arnaudi new species; E, S. chamorroi new species; F, S. cyanocephalus; G, S. darlingtoni; H, S. federicoescobari new species; I, S. haroldi new species; J. S. kaestneri; K, S. kelleri; L, S. korasakiae; M, S. maculatus; N, S. martinezi new species; O, S. moniliatus; P, S. nigriceps; Q, S. papaxibe new species; R, S. pinopterus; S, S. pygidialis (specimen from Amazonas, Brazil); T, S. pygidialis (specimen from Cayenne, French Guiana); U, S. sexspilotus; V, S. trimaculatus; W, S. uniplagiatus. Scale bar: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3995520" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3995520/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">Figs. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
A–G, I–K, M, O, U–V) to a short and truncate shape (
|
||
<figureCitation id="8D8048C43A5CFF9B966AFD21FC02C06D" box="[780,1011,1376,1403]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1584,1609]" captionTargetBox="[170,1421,191,1543]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[151,1436,181,1558]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 5. Sclerites of endophallus. Superior right peripheral (SRP) sclerite. Fronto-lateral peripheral (FLP) sclerite. Complex of axial and subaxial (A+SA) sclerites.Additional sclerite (AS). Set of microbristles (Smb). Set of bristles (Sb). A, Scybalocanthon acrianus new species; B, S. adisi new species; C, S. aereus; D, S. arnaudi new species; E, S. chamorroi new species; F, S. cyanocephalus; G, S. darlingtoni; H, S. federicoescobari new species; I, S. haroldi new species; J. S. kaestneri; K, S. kelleri; L, S. korasakiae; M, S. maculatus; N, S. martinezi new species; O, S. moniliatus; P, S. nigriceps; Q, S. papaxibe new species; R, S. pinopterus; S, S. pygidialis (specimen from Amazonas, Brazil); T, S. pygidialis (specimen from Cayenne, French Guiana); U, S. sexspilotus; V, S. trimaculatus; W, S. uniplagiatus. Scale bar: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3995520" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3995520/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">Figs. 5L, P, H, N, Q</figureCitation>
|
||
, S–T, W). An additional sclerite (
|
||
<collectingCountry id="6DAC14D13A5CFF9B9008FD21FA65C06D" box="[1390,1428,1377,1403]" name="American Samoa" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">AS</collectingCountry>
|
||
) can be found between the sclerites of the A+SA complex and the FLP in some species (as
|
||
<figureCitation id="8D8048C43A5CFF9B91E1FDC5FB2FC089" box="[1159,1246,1412,1439]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1584,1609]" captionTargetBox="[170,1421,191,1543]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[151,1436,181,1558]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 5. Sclerites of endophallus. Superior right peripheral (SRP) sclerite. Fronto-lateral peripheral (FLP) sclerite. Complex of axial and subaxial (A+SA) sclerites.Additional sclerite (AS). Set of microbristles (Smb). Set of bristles (Sb). A, Scybalocanthon acrianus new species; B, S. adisi new species; C, S. aereus; D, S. arnaudi new species; E, S. chamorroi new species; F, S. cyanocephalus; G, S. darlingtoni; H, S. federicoescobari new species; I, S. haroldi new species; J. S. kaestneri; K, S. kelleri; L, S. korasakiae; M, S. maculatus; N, S. martinezi new species; O, S. moniliatus; P, S. nigriceps; Q, S. papaxibe new species; R, S. pinopterus; S, S. pygidialis (specimen from Amazonas, Brazil); T, S. pygidialis (specimen from Cayenne, French Guiana); U, S. sexspilotus; V, S. trimaculatus; W, S. uniplagiatus. Scale bar: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3995520" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3995520/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">Fig. 5B</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="150454413A5CFF9B95A1FDE9FB8BC339" blockId="5.[151,1437,153,1583]" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">
|
||
Some characters of external morphology can vary within the same species, such as body coloration and patterns of spots. In addition, some species such as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D2BB2FC23A5CFF9B97E3FD8DFD0AC0F1" authority="Silva & Valois, 2019" authorityName="Silva & Valois" authorityYear="2019" box="[645,763,1485,1511]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Scybalocanthon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="306" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arnaudi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="27CF88533A5CFF9B97E3FD8DFD0AC0F1" box="[645,763,1485,1511]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">S. arnaudi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="27CF88533A5CFF9B9662FD8DFC7FC0F1" bold="true" box="[772,910,1484,1511]" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="3CFC35283A5CFF9B9662FD8DFC7FC0F1" box="[772,910,1484,1511]" pageId="5" pageNumber="306" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D2BB2FC23A5CFF9B96F9FD8DFB89C0F1" authority="Silva & Valois, 2019" authorityName="Silva & Valois" authorityYear="2019" box="[927,1144,1485,1511]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Scybalocanthon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="306" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="federicoescobari" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="27CF88533A5CFF9B96F9FD8DFB89C0F1" box="[927,1144,1485,1511]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">S. federicoescobari</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="27CF88533A5CFF9B91E7FD8DFAFDC0F1" bold="true" box="[1153,1292,1484,1511]" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="3CFC35283A5CFF9B91E7FD8DFAFDC0F1" box="[1153,1292,1484,1511]" pageId="5" pageNumber="306" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D2BB2FC23A5CFF9B9073FD8DFA6DC0F1" authority="Silva & Valois, 2019" authorityName="Silva & Valois" authorityYear="2019" box="[1301,1436,1485,1511]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Scybalocanthon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="306" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="martinezi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="27CF88533A5CFF9B9073FD8DFA6DC0F1" box="[1301,1436,1485,1511]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">S. martinezi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="27CF88533A5CFF9B95F1FDB1FED5C31D" bold="true" box="[151,292,1520,1547]" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="3CFC35283A5CFF9B95F1FDB1FED5C31D" box="[151,292,1520,1547]" pageId="5" pageNumber="306" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D2BB2FC23A5CFF9B9450FDB1FE4DC31D" authority="Silva & Valois, 2019" authorityName="Silva & Valois" authorityYear="2019" box="[310,444,1521,1547]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Scybalocanthon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="306" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="papaxibe" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="27CF88533A5CFF9B9450FDB1FE4DC31D" box="[310,444,1521,1547]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">S. papaxibe</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="27CF88533A5CFF9B94A0FDB1FDA2C31D" bold="true" box="[454,595,1520,1547]" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="3CFC35283A5CFF9B94A0FDB1FDA2C31D" box="[454,595,1520,1547]" pageId="5" pageNumber="306" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D2BB2FC23A5CFF9B9703FDB1FD0DC31D" authorityName="Kirsch" authorityYear="1873" box="[613,764,1521,1547]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Canthon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="306" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pinopterus">
|
||
<emphasis id="27CF88533A5CFF9B9703FDB1FD0DC31D" box="[613,764,1521,1547]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">S. pinopterus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D2BB2FC23A5CFF9B9626FDB1FC1DC31D" authorityName="Schmidt" authorityYear="1922" box="[832,1004,1521,1547]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Canthon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="306" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="uniplagiatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="27CF88533A5CFF9B9626FDB1FC1DC31D" box="[832,1004,1521,1547]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">S. uniplagiatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
present similar external morphology, which makes it difficult to recognize these species without examining the male genitalia.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |