540 lines
68 KiB
XML
540 lines
68 KiB
XML
<document id="234F3877004FDE30BE7E1170A94A1937" ID-DOI="10.12933/therya-23-2214" ID-ISSN="2007-3364" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10261937" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="jonas" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="jonas" IM.metadata_approvedBy="jonas" IM.tables_approvedBy="jonas" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="jonas" IM.treatments_approvedBy="jonas" checkinTime="1701786021082" checkinUser="jonas" docAuthor="Hernández-Chávez, Iván, Guevara, Lázaro, Arroyo-Cabrales, Joaquín & León-Paniagua, Livia" docDate="2023" docId="03A28F02FF891C753677F8B07AF9FEEA" docLanguage="en" docName="Therya.14.1.39-47.pdf" docOrigin="Therya 14 (1)" docTitle="Artibeus aztecus K.Andersen 1906" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="44" masterDocId="FF9BF77AFF8A1C733544FFEA784AFFEB" masterDocTitle="Ecological niche differentiation among Aztec fruit-eating bat subspecies (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae) in Mesoamerica" masterLastPageNumber="47" masterPageNumber="39" pageNumber="42" updateTime="1701786966306" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-ND-4.0">
|
|
<mods:mods id="A0489FBD2E1F81304470A394DC3A3337" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
|
<mods:titleInfo id="80475BEA955B02FAD66459530A04F8BF">
|
|
<mods:title id="DCB308CF983D776248F97B85E7FAC0EE">Ecological niche differentiation among Aztec fruit-eating bat subspecies (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae) in Mesoamerica</mods:title>
|
|
</mods:titleInfo>
|
|
<mods:name id="54B31BA7CF0C1933CFB54F3B06B998B3" type="personal">
|
|
<mods:role id="FCE71E6C1A3DB102CED71FBCA2AF12FE">
|
|
<mods:roleTerm id="261F77EF377DD0FDB29921676DE047C8">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
|
</mods:role>
|
|
<mods:namePart id="2E19DDD532F432BEFC09D131BE5EC6B4">Hernández-Chávez, Iván</mods:namePart>
|
|
<mods:affiliation id="395E64B034314D8FE3B37FA5D7045F33">Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Av. Ciudad Universitaria 3000, CP. 04360, Coyoacán. Ciudad de México, México & Museo de Zoología " Alfonso L. Herrera ̎, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Av. Ciudad Universitaria 3000, CP. 04360, Coyoacán. Ciudad de México, México</mods:affiliation>
|
|
<mods:nameIdentifier id="A9C7A1C6D490ECA9EAC4E98052602578" type="email">ivanhc@ciencias.unam.mx</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
|
</mods:name>
|
|
<mods:name id="614D79516315265073681B7611F508A5" type="personal">
|
|
<mods:role id="651B033B380595E6017E619F7623A3F3">
|
|
<mods:roleTerm id="411767AE80AC244814F1AE9E0D68B1D3">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
|
</mods:role>
|
|
<mods:namePart id="A051B3EBBA2FFB1CA745B98E5BD9AD3C">Guevara, Lázaro</mods:namePart>
|
|
<mods:affiliation id="EB036F4E685478DD362F0D2DD5EDBA9B">Departamento de Zoología, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Circuito Zona Deportiva s / n, Ciudad Universitaria, CP. 04510, Coyoacán. Ciudad de México, México</mods:affiliation>
|
|
<mods:nameIdentifier id="5F252770738C1CC6ED4C65F6AC06E72C" type="email">llg@ib.unam.mx</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
|
</mods:name>
|
|
<mods:name id="04BA41C4FFBF6AF2F13C07FA8E532AB0" type="personal">
|
|
<mods:role id="1342202B7B9FBA5106C728C222F35CB3">
|
|
<mods:roleTerm id="DA1E0D501E7FB749D0CA248F82707BE9">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
|
</mods:role>
|
|
<mods:namePart id="01B374D708F62714A80BF9A5B1053B50">Arroyo-Cabrales, Joaquín</mods:namePart>
|
|
<mods:affiliation id="07A0A2A5C2C4214AA0416F93B542C61A">Laboratorio de Arqueozoología, Subdirección de Laboratorios y Apoyo Académico, Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia. Moneda 16, Col. Centro, CP. 06060, Cuauhtémoc. Ciudad de México, México</mods:affiliation>
|
|
<mods:nameIdentifier id="2C5FA3CFDED28616A5E663989EF81094" type="email">arromatu5@yahoo.com.mx</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
|
</mods:name>
|
|
<mods:name id="A516EAF32433F10FC09FEE9B8B87D983" type="personal">
|
|
<mods:role id="C87F0910B97BC9AD6E4D7C4E76FFB4BB">
|
|
<mods:roleTerm id="1A1B231A75EB5BD1BB22767A73A414D6">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
|
</mods:role>
|
|
<mods:namePart id="8B24CBE3AA2C13EC333EDA93B3C54F5E">León-Paniagua, Livia</mods:namePart>
|
|
<mods:nameIdentifier id="04F0911368A5139E0AB0EAFCAC0003CD" type="ORCID">0000-0002-1748-0915</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
|
<mods:affiliation id="54B5D94693AA54ECE0EE30AD7656232F">Museo de Zoología " Alfonso L. Herrera ̎, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Av. Ciudad Universitaria 3000, CP. 04360, Coyoacán. Ciudad de México, México</mods:affiliation>
|
|
<mods:nameIdentifier id="DCE1A891BDFF7B6855082D1D88BB1354" type="email">llp@ciencias.unam.mx</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
|
</mods:name>
|
|
<mods:typeOfResource id="04798001388043E0383D6FA4C3EB0DD3">text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
|
<mods:relatedItem id="392FD3D27DE53C6D8CB23CAFD9CCE84F" type="host">
|
|
<mods:titleInfo id="7D2383758BDF1006A66698850C95E8CA">
|
|
<mods:title id="E58055A69F2539E7B4B55274528125E7">Therya</mods:title>
|
|
</mods:titleInfo>
|
|
<mods:part id="2362BA1B361A6666B2F9A098FBD3386E">
|
|
<mods:date id="2CCAF9A63420201B3F17F7AE1364B077">2023</mods:date>
|
|
<mods:detail id="5F718CB77DD1A9661D190D89D40AD605" type="pubDate">
|
|
<mods:number id="03D187A86CA30BB73F146026B787BA04">2023-01-27</mods:number>
|
|
</mods:detail>
|
|
<mods:detail id="EAB3EB4306B9773300FC2E83D5DE81E4" type="volume">
|
|
<mods:number id="FC192F5EFDE30684E8288B9C862C254E">14</mods:number>
|
|
</mods:detail>
|
|
<mods:detail id="F24C8C8A170BDC009EAE174474708AAC" type="issue">
|
|
<mods:number id="2869612BC19D566E12CFF3B9A9DA0C77">1</mods:number>
|
|
</mods:detail>
|
|
<mods:extent id="57C08D785496CD159B1BC2235786F696" unit="page">
|
|
<mods:start id="5BC9C9319D5ADBDEC013CB6B8DD07834">39</mods:start>
|
|
<mods:end id="989AC51E2A73C9B4D45BFE076C8CDBD6">47</mods:end>
|
|
</mods:extent>
|
|
</mods:part>
|
|
</mods:relatedItem>
|
|
<mods:classification id="6C0C618C02D8FC69D4DA14B8C2E094A1">journal article</mods:classification>
|
|
<mods:identifier id="260F626C4863BED122450D538784D511" type="DOI">10.12933/therya-23-2214</mods:identifier>
|
|
<mods:identifier id="60D1D0C79A95D6D285FB12080CAAF099" type="ISSN">2007-3364</mods:identifier>
|
|
<mods:identifier id="35AEA89DECCA8AA19C3E1ACE54D2BEE3" type="Zenodo-Dep">10261937</mods:identifier>
|
|
</mods:mods>
|
|
<treatment id="03A28F02FF891C753677F8B07AF9FEEA" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10261739" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10261739" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A28F02FF891C753677F8B07AF9FEEA" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A28F02FF891C753677F8B07AF9FEEA" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="44" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">
|
|
<subSubSection id="C3116D9FFF891C703677F8B07B92F891" box="[819,984,1882,1914]" pageId="3" pageNumber="42" type="nomenclature">
|
|
<paragraph id="8BB43E14FF891C703677F8B07B92F891" blockId="3.[819,1503,1882,2013]" box="[819,984,1882,1914]" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">
|
|
<heading id="D0FC8978FF891C703677F8B07B92F891" bold="true" box="[819,984,1882,1914]" fontSize="13" level="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="42" reason="0">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4597FF891C703677F8B07B92F891" ID-CoL="7R5ZM" authority="K.Andersen, 1906" authorityName="K.Andersen" authorityYear="1906" box="[819,984,1882,1914]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Artibeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="42" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aztecus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B97FE206FF891C703677F8B07B92F891" bold="true" box="[819,984,1882,1914]" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">Discussion</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
</heading>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="C3116D9FFF891C763677F86A7972FC69" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="44" pageId="3" pageNumber="42" type="distribution">
|
|
<paragraph id="8BB43E14FF891C763677F86A7ABDFE22" blockId="3.[819,1503,1882,2013]" lastBlockId="5.[74,766,131,2020]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="44" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">
|
|
<emphasis id="B97FE206FF891C703677F86A7D19F871" box="[819,1363,1920,1946]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">Potential distributions and geographical barriers</emphasis>
|
|
. The niche models and potential distribution maps seem to support the findings of the habitat preference of the Aztec fruit-eating bat populations reported previously. Mesoamerican highlands, where the models indicate the potential distribution for each subspecies, include a complex assemblage of montane ecosystems containing high biodiversity and endemism (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A43E5FF8F1C763591FEE2798CFEC9" author="PARRA-OLEA, G. & ET AL" box="[213,454,264,290]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Parra-Olea" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Biogeography" pageId="5" pageNumber="44" pagination="353 - 370" part="39" refId="ref7205" refString="PARRA-OLEA, G., ET AL. 2012. Isolation in habitat refugia promotes rapid diversification in a montane tropical salamander. Journal of Biogeography 39: 353 - 370." title="Isolation in habitat refugia promotes rapid diversification in a montane tropical salamander" type="journal article" year="2012">
|
|
Parra-Olea
|
|
<emphasis id="B97FE206FF8F1C763410FEE279C3FEC9" box="[340,393,264,290]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
2012
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A43E5FF8F1C763497FEE27AD7FEC9" author="BRYSON, R. W. & ET AL" box="[467,669,264,290]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Bryson" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution" pageId="5" pageNumber="44" pagination="78 - 84" part="125" refId="ref5685" refString="BRYSON, R. W., ET AL. 2018. Phylogenomic insights into the diversification of salamanders in the Isthmura bellii group across the Mexican highlands. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 125: 78 - 84." title="Phylogenomic insights into the diversification of salamanders in the Isthmura bellii group across the Mexican highlands" type="journal article" year="2018">
|
|
Bryson
|
|
<emphasis id="B97FE206FF8F1C76376DFEE27A14FEC9" box="[553,606,264,290]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
2018
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A43E5FF8F1C7637EDFEE278ECFEA8" author="BLAIR, C. & ET AL" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Blair" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Ecology Resources" pageId="5" pageNumber="44" pagination="349 - 365" part="19" refId="ref5568" refString="BLAIR, C., ET AL. 2019. Cryptic diversity in the Mexican highlands: Thousands of UCE loci help illuminate phylogenetic relationships, species limits and divergence times of montane rattlesnakes (Viperidae: Crotalus). Molecular Ecology Resources 19: 349 - 365." title="Cryptic diversity in the Mexican highlands: Thousands of UCE loci help illuminate phylogenetic relationships, species limits and divergence times of montane rattlesnakes (Viperidae: Crotalus)" type="journal article" year="2019">
|
|
Blair
|
|
<emphasis id="B97FE206FF8F1C7637A6FEE2782CFEA8" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
2019
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
). Less-suitable areas, such as the Isthmus of Tehuantepec and the Nicaraguan Depression, may act as current geographic barriers to dispersal, limiting contact between the populations, as proposed previously for the subspecies
|
|
<emphasis id="B97FE206FF8F1C763509FE457898FE22" box="[77,210,431,457]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">
|
|
A.
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4597FF8F1C763522FE457898FE22" box="[102,210,431,457]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Artibeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aztecus">a. aztecus</taxonomicName>
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
and
|
|
<emphasis id="B97FE206FF8F1C763440FE457932FE22" box="[260,376,431,457]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">A.a.minor</emphasis>
|
|
(
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A43E5FF8F1C7634C2FE457A48FE22" author="DAVIS, W. B." box="[390,514,431,457]" firstAuthor="Davis" journalOrPublisher="The Southwestern Naturalist" pageId="5" pageNumber="44" pagination="15 - 29" part="14" refId="ref6039" refString="DAVIS, W. B. 1969. A review of the small fruit bats (genus Artibeus) of Middle America. The Southwestern Naturalist 14: 15 - 29." title="A review of the small fruit bats (genus Artibeus) of Middle America" type="journal article" year="1969">Davis 1969</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A43E5FF8F1C763749FE457AA3FE22" author="PETERSON, A. T. & J. SOBERON & V. SANCHEZ-CORDERO" box="[525,745,431,457]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Peterson" journalOrPublisher="Science" pageId="5" pageNumber="44" pagination="1265 - 1267" part="285" refId="ref7371" refString="PETERSON, A. T., J. SOBERON, AND V. SANCHEZ-CORDERO. 1999. Conservatism of ecological niches in evolutionary time. Science 285: 1265 - 1267." title="Conservatism of ecological niches in evolutionary time" type="journal article" year="1999">
|
|
Peterson
|
|
<emphasis id="B97FE206FF8F1C76373CFE457AE6FE22" box="[632,684,431,457]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
1999
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<caption id="DF746E9CFF8E1C7735E2F89579CEF843" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10261947" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10261947" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10261947/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" startId="4.[166,219,1919,1936]" targetBox="[136,1557,163,1883]" targetPageId="4" targetType="figure">
|
|
<paragraph id="8BB43E14FF8E1C7735E2F8957E5FF87B" blockId="4.[129,1557,1919,1960]" box="[166,1557,1919,1936]" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">
|
|
<emphasis id="B97FE206FF8E1C7735E2F89578BAF87B" bold="true" box="[166,240,1919,1936]" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">Figure 3.</emphasis>
|
|
Niche overlap values for Schoener's
|
|
<emphasis id="B97FE206FF8E1C773757F8957A55F87B" box="[531,543,1919,1936]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">D</emphasis>
|
|
and Hellinger's
|
|
<emphasis id="B97FE206FF8E1C7737D8F8957AEAF87B" box="[668,672,1919,1936]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">I</emphasis>
|
|
compared to a null distribution: (a)
|
|
<emphasis id="B97FE206FF8E1C7736FEF8957C0DF87B" box="[954,1095,1919,1936]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4597FF8E1C7736FEF8957BB2F87B" authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1821" box="[954,1016,1919,1936]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Artibeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Artibeus</taxonomicName>
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4597FF8E1C7736B8F8957C0DF87B" box="[1020,1095,1919,1936]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Artibeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aztecus">a. aztecus</taxonomicName>
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
(yellow) vs.
|
|
<emphasis id="B97FE206FF8E1C7731E0F8957CBFF87B" box="[1188,1269,1919,1936]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">A.a. minor</emphasis>
|
|
(blue), (b)
|
|
<emphasis id="B97FE206FF8E1C77300EF8957DEDF87B" box="[1354,1447,1919,1936]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">
|
|
A.
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4597FF8E1C773018F8957DEDF87B" box="[1372,1447,1919,1936]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Artibeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aztecus">a. aztecus</taxonomicName>
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
vs.A.A. major
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8BB43E14FF8E1C7735C5F87D79CEF843" blockId="4.[129,1557,1919,1960]" box="[129,388,1943,1960]" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">
|
|
(red),(c)
|
|
<emphasis id="B97FE206FF8E1C773580F87D795EF843" box="[196,276,1943,1960]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">A.a.minor</emphasis>
|
|
vs.
|
|
<emphasis id="B97FE206FF8E1C77346BF87D79CEF843" box="[303,388,1943,1960]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">A.a.major.</emphasis>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
<caption id="DF746E9CFF8F1C76361EFF687C4FFF28" ID-Table-UUID="DF746E9CFF8F1C76361EFF687C4FFF28" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF746E9CFF8F1C76361EFF687C4FFF28" pageId="5" pageNumber="44" startId="5.[858,903,130,147]" targetBox="[834,1488,226,460]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="5" targetType="table">
|
|
<paragraph id="8BB43E14FF8F1C76361EFF687C4FFF28" blockId="5.[820,1504,130,195]" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">
|
|
<emphasis id="B97FE206FF8F1C76361EFF687BD7FF78" bold="true" box="[858,925,130,147]" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">Table 2.</emphasis>
|
|
Results of the background similarity pairwise comparisons among the three subspecies of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4597FF8F1C76368BFF707C02FF40" box="[975,1096,154,171]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Artibeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aztecus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B97FE206FF8F1C76368BFF707C02FF40" box="[975,1096,154,171]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">Artibeus aztecus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
. Observed Schoener's
|
|
<emphasis id="B97FE206FF8F1C7631B9FF707D43FF40" box="[1277,1289,154,171]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">D</emphasis>
|
|
and Hellinger's
|
|
<emphasis id="B97FE206FF8F1C7630C0FF707DC2FF40" box="[1412,1416,154,171]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">I</emphasis>
|
|
values and p-values (p-val) are shown.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
<paragraph id="8BB43E14FF8F1C76369AFF087D82FE27" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">
|
|
<table id="F90BCCB4FF8FE38C3606FF087D9AFE27" box="[834,1488,226,460]" gridcols="5" gridrows="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">
|
|
<tr id="353B3C56FF8FE38C3606FF087D9AFF18" box="[834,1488,226,243]" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">
|
|
<th id="76EA552AFF8FE38C3606FF087CD2FF18" box="[834,1176,226,243]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">
|
|
<emphasis id="B97FE206FF8F1C76369AFF087C4AFF18" bold="true" box="[990,1024,226,243]" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">Test</emphasis>
|
|
</th>
|
|
<th id="76EA552AFF8FE38C31F8FF087CACFF18" box="[1212,1254,226,243]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">
|
|
<emphasis id="B97FE206FF8F1C76318EFF087C9DFF18" bold="true" box="[1226,1239,226,243]" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">D</emphasis>
|
|
</th>
|
|
<th id="76EA552AFF8FE38C304CFF087D73FF18" box="[1288,1337,226,243]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">
|
|
<emphasis id="B97FE206FF8F1C76304CFF087D73FF18" bold="true" box="[1288,1337,226,243]" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">p - val</emphasis>
|
|
</th>
|
|
<th id="76EA552AFF8FE38C3013FF087DCBFF18" box="[1367,1409,226,243]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">
|
|
<emphasis id="B97FE206FF8F1C76302DFF087D24FF18" bold="true" box="[1385,1390,226,243]" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">I</emphasis>
|
|
</th>
|
|
<th id="76EA552AFF8FE38C30DAFF087D9AFF18" box="[1438,1488,226,243]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">
|
|
<emphasis id="B97FE206FF8F1C7630DAFF087D9AFF18" bold="true" box="[1438,1488,226,243]" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">p - val</emphasis>
|
|
</th>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr id="353B3C56FF8FE38C3606FF177D9AFEE5" box="[834,1488,253,270]" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">
|
|
<th id="76EA552AFF8FE38C3606FF177CD2FEE5" box="[834,1176,253,270]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">
|
|
<emphasis id="B97FE206FF8F1C763606FF177B84FEE5" box="[834,974,253,270]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4597FF8F1C763606FF177BCAFEE5" authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1821" box="[834,896,253,270]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Artibeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Artibeus</taxonomicName>
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4597FF8F1C7636C0FF177B84FEE5" box="[900,974,253,270]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Artibeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aztecus">a.aztecus</taxonomicName>
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
vs
|
|
<emphasis id="B97FE206FF8F1C7636A2FF177C7CFEE5" box="[998,1078,253,270]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">A.a.minor</emphasis>
|
|
background
|
|
</th>
|
|
<td id="76EA552AFF8FE38C31F8FF177CACFEE5" box="[1212,1254,253,270]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">0.405</td>
|
|
<td id="76EA552AFF8FE38C304CFF177D73FEE5" box="[1288,1337,253,270]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">0.01</td>
|
|
<td id="76EA552AFF8FE38C3013FF177DCBFEE5" box="[1367,1409,253,270]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">0.731</td>
|
|
<td id="76EA552AFF8FE38C30DAFF177D9AFEE5" box="[1438,1488,253,270]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">0.01</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr id="353B3C56FF8FE38C3606FEC87D9AFED8" box="[834,1488,290,307]" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">
|
|
<th id="76EA552AFF8FE38C3606FEC87CD2FED8" box="[834,1176,290,307]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">
|
|
<emphasis id="B97FE206FF8F1C763606FEC87B84FED8" box="[834,974,290,307]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4597FF8F1C763606FEC87BCAFED8" authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1821" box="[834,896,290,307]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Artibeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Artibeus</taxonomicName>
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4597FF8F1C7636C0FEC87B84FED8" box="[900,974,290,307]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Artibeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aztecus">a.aztecus</taxonomicName>
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
vs
|
|
<emphasis id="B97FE206FF8F1C7636A2FEC87C7CFED8" box="[998,1078,290,307]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">A.a.major</emphasis>
|
|
background
|
|
</th>
|
|
<td id="76EA552AFF8FE38C31F8FEC87CACFED8" box="[1212,1254,290,307]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">0.246</td>
|
|
<td id="76EA552AFF8FE38C304CFEC87D73FED8" box="[1288,1337,290,307]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">0.01</td>
|
|
<td id="76EA552AFF8FE38C3013FEC87DCBFED8" box="[1367,1409,290,307]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">0.485</td>
|
|
<td id="76EA552AFF8FE38C30DAFEC87D9AFED8" box="[1438,1488,290,307]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">0.01</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr id="353B3C56FF8FE38C3606FEA27D9AFEB2" box="[834,1488,328,345]" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">
|
|
<th id="76EA552AFF8FE38C3606FEA27CD2FEB2" box="[834,1176,328,345]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">
|
|
<emphasis id="B97FE206FF8F1C763606FEA27B88FEB2" box="[834,962,328,345]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4597FF8F1C763606FEA27BCAFEB2" authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1821" box="[834,896,328,345]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Artibeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Artibeus</taxonomicName>
|
|
a.minor
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
vs
|
|
<emphasis id="B97FE206FF8F1C76369EFEA27C7CFEB2" box="[986,1078,328,345]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">
|
|
A.
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4597FF8F1C7636A8FEA27C7CFEB2" box="[1004,1078,328,345]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Artibeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aztecus">a.aztecus</taxonomicName>
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
background
|
|
</th>
|
|
<td id="76EA552AFF8FE38C31F8FEA27CACFEB2" box="[1212,1254,328,345]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">0.405</td>
|
|
<td id="76EA552AFF8FE38C304CFEA27D73FEB2" box="[1288,1337,328,345]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">0.04</td>
|
|
<td id="76EA552AFF8FE38C3013FEA27DCBFEB2" box="[1367,1409,328,345]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">0.731</td>
|
|
<td id="76EA552AFF8FE38C30DAFEA27D9AFEB2" box="[1438,1488,328,345]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">0.03</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr id="353B3C56FF8FE38C3606FE847D9AFE94" box="[834,1488,366,383]" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">
|
|
<th id="76EA552AFF8FE38C3606FE847CD2FE94" box="[834,1176,366,383]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">
|
|
<emphasis id="B97FE206FF8F1C763606FE847B88FE94" box="[834,962,366,383]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4597FF8F1C763606FE847BCAFE94" authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1821" box="[834,896,366,383]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Artibeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Artibeus</taxonomicName>
|
|
a.minor
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
vs
|
|
<emphasis id="B97FE206FF8F1C76369EFE847C60FE94" box="[986,1066,366,383]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">A.a.major</emphasis>
|
|
background
|
|
</th>
|
|
<td id="76EA552AFF8FE38C31F8FE847CACFE94" box="[1212,1254,366,383]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">0.300</td>
|
|
<td id="76EA552AFF8FE38C304CFE847D73FE94" box="[1288,1337,366,383]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">0.03</td>
|
|
<td id="76EA552AFF8FE38C3013FE847DCBFE94" box="[1367,1409,366,383]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">0.620</td>
|
|
<td id="76EA552AFF8FE38C30DAFE847D9AFE94" box="[1438,1488,366,383]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">0.03</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr id="353B3C56FF8FE38C3606FE7F7D9AFE4D" box="[834,1488,405,422]" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">
|
|
<th id="76EA552AFF8FE38C3606FE7F7CD2FE4D" box="[834,1176,405,422]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">
|
|
<emphasis id="B97FE206FF8F1C763606FE7F7B88FE4D" box="[834,962,405,422]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4597FF8F1C763606FE7F7BCAFE4D" authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1821" box="[834,896,405,422]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Artibeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Artibeus</taxonomicName>
|
|
a.major
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
vs
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4597FF8F1C76369EFE7F7C6FFE4D" box="[986,1061,405,422]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Artibeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aztecus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B97FE206FF8F1C76369EFE7F7C6FFE4D" box="[986,1061,405,422]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">A.aztecus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
background
|
|
</th>
|
|
<td id="76EA552AFF8FE38C31F8FE7F7CACFE4D" box="[1212,1254,405,422]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">0.246</td>
|
|
<td id="76EA552AFF8FE38C304CFE7F7D73FE4D" box="[1288,1337,405,422]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">0.01</td>
|
|
<td id="76EA552AFF8FE38C3013FE7F7DCBFE4D" box="[1367,1409,405,422]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">0.485</td>
|
|
<td id="76EA552AFF8FE38C30DAFE7F7D9AFE4D" box="[1438,1488,405,422]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">0.01</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr id="353B3C56FF8FE38C3606FE517D9AFE27" box="[834,1488,443,460]" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">
|
|
<th id="76EA552AFF8FE38C3606FE517CD2FE27" box="[834,1176,443,460]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">
|
|
<emphasis id="B97FE206FF8F1C763606FE517B88FE27" box="[834,962,443,460]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4597FF8F1C763606FE517BCAFE27" authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1821" box="[834,896,443,460]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Artibeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Artibeus</taxonomicName>
|
|
a.major
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
vs
|
|
<emphasis id="B97FE206FF8F1C76369EFE517C60FE27" box="[986,1066,443,460]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">A.a.minor</emphasis>
|
|
background
|
|
</th>
|
|
<td id="76EA552AFF8FE38C31F8FE517CACFE27" box="[1212,1254,443,460]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">0.300</td>
|
|
<td id="76EA552AFF8FE38C304CFE517D73FE27" box="[1288,1337,443,460]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">0.01</td>
|
|
<td id="76EA552AFF8FE38C3013FE517DCBFE27" box="[1367,1409,443,460]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">0.620</td>
|
|
<td id="76EA552AFF8FE38C30DAFE517D9AFE27" box="[1438,1488,443,460]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">0.01</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8BB43E14FF8F1C763535FE327972FC69" blockId="5.[74,766,131,2020]" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">
|
|
Isthmus of Tehuantepec has been proposed as a biogeographic barrier associated with allopatric speciation in a broad range of taxa (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A43E5FF8F1C763472FDF07A4DFDDF" author="SULLIVAN & ARELLANO & ROGERS" box="[310,519,538,564]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Sullivan" journalOrPublisher="The American Naturalist" pageId="5" pageNumber="44" pagination="755" part="155" refId="ref8111" refString="SULLIVAN, ARELLANO, AND ROGERS. 2000. Comparative phylogeography of Mesoamerican highland rodents: concerted versus independent response to past climatic fluctuations. The American Naturalist 155: 755." title="Comparative phylogeography of Mesoamerican highland rodents: concerted versus independent response to past climatic fluctuations" type="journal article" year="2000">
|
|
Sullivan
|
|
<emphasis id="B97FE206FF8F1C7634D2FDF07980FDDF" box="[406,458,538,564]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
2000
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A43E5FF8F1C763755FDF078C9FDBD" author="LEON-PANIAGUA, L. & ET AL" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Leon-Paniagua" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution" pageId="5" pageNumber="44" pagination="653 - 664" part="42" refId="ref6808" refString="LEON-PANIAGUA, L., ET AL. 2007. Diversification of the arboreal mice of the genus Habromys (Rodentia: Cricetidae: Neotominae) in the Mesoamerican highlands. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 42: 653 - 664." title="Diversification of the arboreal mice of the genus Habromys (Rodentia: Cricetidae: Neotominae) in the Mesoamerican highlands" type="journal article" year="2007">
|
|
León-Paniagua
|
|
<emphasis id="B97FE206FF8F1C763780FDF07AB2FDDF" box="[708,760,538,564]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
2007
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A43E5FF8F1C7635D5FDD67913FDBD" author="CASTOE, T. A. & ET AL" box="[145,345,572,598]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Castoe" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Biogeography" pageId="5" pageNumber="44" pagination="88 - 103" part="36" refId="ref5856" refString="CASTOE, T. A., ET AL. 2009. Comparative phylogeography of pitvipers suggests a consensus of ancient Middle American highland biogeography. Journal of Biogeography 36: 88 - 103." title="Comparative phylogeography of pitvipers suggests a consensus of ancient Middle American highland biogeography" type="journal article" year="2009">
|
|
Castoe
|
|
<emphasis id="B97FE206FF8F1C7635A1FDD67951FDBD" box="[229,283,572,598]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
2009
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A43E5FF8F1C763421FDD67A52FDBD" author="DAZA, J. M. & T. A. CASTOE & C. L. PARKINSON" box="[357,536,572,598]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Daza" journalOrPublisher="Ecography" pageId="5" pageNumber="44" pagination="343 - 354" part="33" refId="ref6071" refString="DAZA, J. M., T. A. CASTOE, AND C. L. PARKINSON. 2010. Using regional comparative phylogeographic data from snake lineages to infer historical processes in Middle America. Ecography 33: 343 - 354." title="Using regional comparative phylogeographic data from snake lineages to infer historical processes in Middle America" type="journal article" year="2010">
|
|
Daza
|
|
<emphasis id="B97FE206FF8F1C7634E0FDD67990FDBD" box="[420,474,572,598]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
2010
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A43E5FF8F1C763760FDD6788FFD9C" author="RODRIGUEZ-GOMEZ, F. & C. GUTIERREZ-RODRIGUEZ & J. F. ORNELAS" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Rodriguez-Gomez" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Biogeography" pageId="5" pageNumber="44" pagination="1360 - 1373" part="40" refId="ref7705" refString="RODRIGUEZ-GOMEZ, F., C. GUTIERREZ-RODRIGUEZ, AND J. F. ORNELAS. 2013. Genetic, phenotypic and ecological divergence with gene flow at the Isthmus of Tehuantepec: the case of the azure-crowned hummingbird (Amazilia cyanocephala). Journal of Biogeography 40: 1360 - 1373." title="Genetic, phenotypic and ecological divergence with gene flow at the Isthmus of Tehuantepec: the case of the azure-crowned hummingbird (Amazilia cyanocephala)" type="journal article" year="2013">
|
|
Rodríguez-Gómez
|
|
<emphasis id="B97FE206FF8F1C763508FDB778CEFD9C" box="[76,132,605,631]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
2013
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A43E5FF8F1C763590FDB77947FD9C" author="RODRIGUEZ-GOMEZ, F. & ET AL" box="[212,269,605,631]" firstAuthor="Rodriguez-Gomez" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Ornithology" pageId="5" pageNumber="44" pagination="529 - 547" part="162" refId="ref7758" refString="RODRIGUEZ-GOMEZ, F., ET AL. 2021. Phylogeography, morphology and ecological niche modelling to explore the evolutionary history of Azure-crowned Hummingbird (Amazilia cyanocephala, Trochilidae) in Mesoamerica. Journal of Ornithology 162: 529 - 547." title="Phylogeography, morphology and ecological niche modelling to explore the evolutionary history of Azure-crowned Hummingbird (Amazilia cyanocephala, Trochilidae) in Mesoamerica" type="journal article" year="2021">2021</bibRefCitation>
|
|
) and, climatically, has been considered a barrier for dispersal of oak species, and by separating tropical ecosystems from those with more substantial Nearctic influence (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A43E5FF8F1C763581FD2B7A41FD30" author="RODRIGUEZ-CORREA, H. & ET AL" box="[197,523,705,731]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Rodriguez-Correa" journalOrPublisher="International Journal of Plant Sciences" pageId="5" pageNumber="44" pagination="222 - 231" part="176" refId="ref7662" refString="RODRIGUEZ-CORREA, H., ET AL. 2015. How are oaks distributed in the neotropics? A perspective from species turnover, areas of endemism, and climatic niches. International Journal of Plant Sciences 176: 222 - 231." title="How are oaks distributed in the neotropics? A perspective from species turnover, areas of endemism, and climatic niches" type="journal article" year="2015">
|
|
Rodríguez-Correa
|
|
<emphasis id="B97FE206FF8F1C7634DCFD2B7987FD30" box="[408,461,705,731]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
2015
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
). The climatic effect of this barrier on the subspecies
|
|
<emphasis id="B97FE206FF8F1C763484FD087A02FD17" box="[448,584,738,764]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">
|
|
A.
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4597FF8F1C76349EFD087A02FD17" box="[474,584,738,764]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Artibeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aztecus">a. aztecus</taxonomicName>
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
and
|
|
<emphasis id="B97FE206FF8F1C7637C4FD087ABDFD17" box="[640,759,738,764]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">A. a. minor</emphasis>
|
|
contrasts with the similar niches found between two haplogroups of the Honduran yellow-shouldered bat
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4597FF8F1C7637D9FCCF789CFC8B" authorityName="Goodwin" authorityYear="1940" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Sturnira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hondurensis">
|
|
<emphasis id="B97FE206FF8F1C7637D9FCCF789CFC8B" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">Sturnira hondurensis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, another Mesoamerican highland bat (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A43E5FF8F1C7637DDFCAC7960FC69" author="HERNANDEZ-CANCHOLA, G." firstAuthor="Hernandez-Canchola" journalOrPublisher="Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico" pageId="5" pageNumber="44" refId="ref6475" refString="HERNANDEZ-CANCHOLA, G. 2018. Diversificacion de dos especies del genero Sturnira (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae) en Mesoamerica (PhD thesis). Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico." title="Diversificacion de dos especies del genero Sturnira (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae) en Mesoamerica" type="book" year="2018">Hernández-Canchola 2018</bibRefCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="C3116D9FFF8F1C763535FC7A7D94FB81" pageId="5" pageNumber="44" type="biology_ecology">
|
|
<paragraph id="8BB43E14FF8F1C763535FC7A7A8BFAF2" blockId="5.[74,766,131,2020]" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">
|
|
On the other hand, the Nicaraguan Depression has been considered a major feature determining genetic and biogeographic patterns (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A43E5FF8F1C7634C6FC39795FFBE5" author="GUTIERREZ-GARCIA, T. A. & E. VAZQUEZ-DOMINGUEZ" firstAuthor="Gutierrez-Garcia and" journalOrPublisher="Quaternary Research (United States)" pageId="5" pageNumber="44" pagination="311 - 324" part="79" refId="ref6354" refString="GUTIERREZ-GARCIA, T. A., AND E. VAZQUEZ-DOMINGUEZ. 2013. Consensus between genes and stones in the biogeographic and evolutionary history of Central America. Quaternary Research (United States) 79: 311 - 324." title="Consensus between genes and stones in the biogeographic and evolutionary history of Central America" type="journal article" year="2013">Gutiérrez-García and Vázquez-Domínguez 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
|
). The evolutionary impact of this barrier is reflected in genetic differentiation between sister taxa of vertebrates, including birds (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A43E5FF8F1C7634F9FBDD7ABBFBBA" author="PUEBLA-OLIVARES, F. & ET AL" box="[445,753,1079,1105]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Puebla-Olivares" journalOrPublisher="The Auk" pageId="5" pageNumber="44" pagination="39 - 50" part="125" refId="ref7479" refString="PUEBLA-OLIVARES, F., ET AL. 2008. Speciation in the emerald toucanet (Aulacorhynchus prasinus) complex. The Auk 125: 39 - 50." title="Speciation in the emerald toucanet (Aulacorhynchus prasinus) complex" type="journal article" year="2008">
|
|
Puebla-Olivares
|
|
<emphasis id="B97FE206FF8F1C76373EFBDD7AFBFBBA" box="[634,689,1079,1105]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
2008
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A43E5FF8F1C763508FBB279CBFB99" author="ARBELAEZ-CORTES, E. & A. S. NYARI & A. G. NAVARRO-SIGUENZA" box="[76,385,1112,1138]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Arbelaez-Cortes" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution" pageId="5" pageNumber="44" pagination="658 - 668" part="57" refId="ref5329" refString="ARBELAEZ-CORTES, E., A. S. NYARI, AND A. G. NAVARRO-SIGUENZA. 2010. The differential effect of lowlands on the phylogeographic pattern of a Mesoamerican montane species (Lepidocolaptes affinis, Aves: Furnariidae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 57: 658 - 668." title="The differential effect of lowlands on the phylogeographic pattern of a Mesoamerican montane species (Lepidocolaptes affinis, Aves: Furnariidae)" type="journal article" year="2010">
|
|
Arbeláez-Cortés
|
|
<emphasis id="B97FE206FF8F1C763449FBB27908FB99" box="[269,322,1112,1138]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
2010
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
) and snakes (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A43E5FF8F1C76375BFBB27AA3FB99" author="CASTOE, T. A. & ET AL" box="[543,745,1112,1138]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Castoe" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Biogeography" pageId="5" pageNumber="44" pagination="88 - 103" part="36" refId="ref5856" refString="CASTOE, T. A., ET AL. 2009. Comparative phylogeography of pitvipers suggests a consensus of ancient Middle American highland biogeography. Journal of Biogeography 36: 88 - 103." title="Comparative phylogeography of pitvipers suggests a consensus of ancient Middle American highland biogeography" type="journal article" year="2009">
|
|
Castoe
|
|
<emphasis id="B97FE206FF8F1C763731FBB27AE0FB99" box="[629,682,1112,1138]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
2009
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
). Our findings about the separation between
|
|
<emphasis id="B97FE206FF8F1C763709FB907A8CFB7F" box="[589,710,1146,1172]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">A. a. minor</emphasis>
|
|
and
|
|
<emphasis id="B97FE206FF8F1C763508FB71788AFB5E" box="[76,192,1179,1205]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">A. a major</emphasis>
|
|
are similar to the conclusions of
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A43E5FF8F1C763709FB7178DFFB3D" author="TORRES-MORALES, L." firstAuthor="Torres-Morales" journalOrPublisher="Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad" pageId="5" pageNumber="44" pagination="1 - 9" part="90" refId="ref8187" refString="TORRES-MORALES, L. 2019. Limites de distribucion actual de Sturnira hondurensis. Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad 90: 1 - 9." title="Limites de distribucion actual de Sturnira hondurensis" type="journal article" year="2019">Torres-Morales (2019)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
, who considered Nicaraguan Depression as a significant barrier that limits the distribution of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4597FF8F1C763707FB3478C6FAF2" authorityName="Goodwin" authorityYear="1940" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Sturnira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hondurensis">
|
|
<emphasis id="B97FE206FF8F1C763707FB3478C6FAF2" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">Sturnira hondurensis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, separating it from its sister species
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4597FF8F1C76376FFB157AF0FAF2" authorityName="Velazco & Patterson" authorityYear="2014" box="[555,698,1279,1305]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Sturnira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="burtonlimi">
|
|
<emphasis id="B97FE206FF8F1C76376FFB157AF0FAF2" box="[555,698,1279,1305]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">S. burtonlimi</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8BB43E14FF8F1C763535FAC27ABDF964" blockId="5.[74,766,131,2020]" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">
|
|
<emphasis id="B97FE206FF8F1C763535FAC279F5FAA9" box="[113,447,1320,1346]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">Speciation, and species limits</emphasis>
|
|
. There is a debate about how conserved the niches between closely related lineages are (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A43E5FF8F1C763588FA8179A0FA6E" author="WIENS, J. J. & C. H. GRAHAM" box="[204,490,1387,1413]" firstAuthor="Wiens" journalOrPublisher="Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics" pageId="5" pageNumber="44" pagination="519 - 539" part="36" refId="ref8387" refString="WIENS, J. J., AND C. H. GRAHAM. 2005. Niche conservatism: integrating evolution, ecology, and conservation biology. Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics 36: 519 - 539." title="Niche conservatism: integrating evolution, ecology, and conservation biology" type="journal article" year="2005">Wiens and Graham 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
|
). Some previous studies have suggested the presence of phylogenetic niche conservatism in phyllostomid bats (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A43E5FF8F1C763744FA477ABBFA2C" author="PETERSON, A. T. & J. SOBERON & V. SANCHEZ-CORDERO" box="[512,753,1453,1479]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Peterson" journalOrPublisher="Science" pageId="5" pageNumber="44" pagination="1265 - 1267" part="285" refId="ref7371" refString="PETERSON, A. T., J. SOBERON, AND V. SANCHEZ-CORDERO. 1999. Conservatism of ecological niches in evolutionary time. Science 285: 1265 - 1267." title="Conservatism of ecological niches in evolutionary time" type="journal article" year="1999">
|
|
Peterson
|
|
<emphasis id="B97FE206FF8F1C763736FA477AE7FA2C" box="[626,685,1453,1479]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
1999
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A43E5FF8F1C763508FA2578A6FA02" author="STEVENS, R. D." box="[76,236,1487,1513]" firstAuthor="Stevens" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences" pageId="5" pageNumber="44" pagination="2283 - 2289" part="273" refId="ref8037" refString="STEVENS, R. D. 2006. Historical processes enhance patterns off diversity along latitudinal gradients. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 273: 2283 - 2289." title="Historical processes enhance patterns off diversity along latitudinal gradients" type="journal article" year="2006">Stevens 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A43E5FF8F1C7635BBFA257972FA02" author="STEVENS, R. D." box="[255,312,1487,1513]" firstAuthor="Stevens" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences" pageId="5" pageNumber="44" pagination="2528 - 2536" part="278" refId="ref8070" refString="STEVENS, R. D. 2011. Relative effects of time for speciationand tropical niche conservatism on the latitudinal diversity gradient of phyllostomid bats. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 278: 2528 - 2536." title="Relative effects of time for speciationand tropical niche conservatism on the latitudinal diversity gradient of phyllostomid bats" type="journal article" year="2011">2011</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A43E5FF8F1C76340EFA257A60FA02" author="WARREN, D. L. & R. E. GLOR & M. TURELLI" box="[330,554,1487,1513]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Warren" journalOrPublisher="Evolution" pageId="5" pageNumber="44" pagination="2868 - 2883" part="62" refId="ref8309" refString="WARREN, D. L., R. E. GLOR, AND M. TURELLI. 2008. Environmental niche equivalency versus conservatism: quantitative approaches to niche evolution. Evolution 62: 2868 - 2883." title="Environmental niche equivalency versus conservatism: quantitative approaches to niche evolution" type="journal article" year="2008">
|
|
Warren
|
|
<emphasis id="B97FE206FF8F1C7634EFFA2579ADFA02" box="[427,487,1487,1513]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
2008
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
), indicating that closely related species share the same climatic preferences. Alternatively, other authors have not found strong support for niche conservatism in phyllostomid bats (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A43E5FF8F1C76373AF9D978EDF985" author="PEIXOTO, F. P. & F. VILLALOBOS & M. V. CIANCIARUSO" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Peixoto" journalOrPublisher="Global Ecology and Biogeography" pageId="5" pageNumber="44" pagination="1055 - 1065" part="26" refId="ref7237" refString="PEIXOTO, F. P., F. VILLALOBOS, AND M. V. CIANCIARUSO. 2017. Phylogenetic conservatism of climatic niche in bats. Global Ecology and Biogeography 26: 1055 - 1065." title="Phylogenetic conservatism of climatic niche in bats" type="journal article" year="2017">
|
|
Peixoto
|
|
<emphasis id="B97FE206FF8F1C7637A6F9D9782CF985" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
2017
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
), suggesting their niche may have evolved either under strong selection or randomly (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A43E5FF8F1C7634B7F99F7AA3F964" author="DINIZ-FILHO, J. A. F. & ET AL" box="[499,745,1653,1679]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Diniz-Filho" journalOrPublisher="Global Ecology and Biogeography" pageId="5" pageNumber="44" pagination="916 - 926" part="19" refId="ref6116" refString="DINIZ-FILHO, J. A. F., ET AL. 2010. Hidden patterns of phylogenetic non-stationarity overwhelm comparative analyses of niche conservatism and divergence. Global Ecology and Biogeography 19: 916 - 926." title="Hidden patterns of phylogenetic non-stationarity overwhelm comparative analyses of niche conservatism and divergence" type="journal article" year="2010">
|
|
Diniz-Filho
|
|
<emphasis id="B97FE206FF8F1C763732F99F7AE1F964" box="[630,683,1653,1679]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
2010
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8BB43E14FF8F1C763535F974792FF80F" blockId="5.[74,766,131,2020]" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">
|
|
However, former phylogenetic niche conservatism may promote ecological speciation. It can occur in areas with high geographic and ecological variations. In such regions, any geographic distance also results in environmental distance, promoting niche divergence. The combined topographic variation and ecological distance reduce dispersal and gene flow between adjacent populations (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A43E5FF8F1C76372CF88C78CFF849" author="GASCON, C. & ET AL" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Gascon" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America" pageId="5" pageNumber="44" pagination="13672 - 13677" part="97" refId="ref6235" refString="GASCON, C., ET AL. 2000. Riverine barriers and the geographic distribution of Amazonian species. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 97: 13672 - 13677." title="Riverine barriers and the geographic distribution of Amazonian species" type="journal article" year="2000">
|
|
Gascon
|
|
<emphasis id="B97FE206FF8F1C763787F88C7AB2F86B" box="[707,760,1894,1920]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
2000
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A43E5FF8F1C7635D4F862792CF849" author="GEHRING, P. S. & ET AL" box="[144,358,1928,1954]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Gehring" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution" pageId="5" pageNumber="44" pagination="618 - 632" part="64" refId="ref6274" refString="GEHRING, P. S., ET AL. 2012. The influence of riverine barriers on phylogeographic patterns of Malagasy reed frogs (Heterixalus). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 64: 618 - 632." title="The influence of riverine barriers on phylogeographic patterns of Malagasy reed frogs (Heterixalus)" type="journal article" year="2012">
|
|
Gehring
|
|
<emphasis id="B97FE206FF8F1C7635B0F8627962F849" box="[244,296,1928,1954]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
2012
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
). Lineages may thus adapt to local niches, leading populations to diverge from the ancestral niche (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A43E5FF8F1C7635DEF8207912F80F" author="PYRON, R. A. & ET AL" box="[154,344,1994,2020]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Pyron" journalOrPublisher="Biological Reviews" pageId="5" pageNumber="44" pagination="1248 - 1262" part="90" refId="ref7508" refString="PYRON, R. A., ET AL. 2015. Phylogenetic niche conservatism and the evolutionary basis of ecological speciation. Biological Reviews 90: 1248 - 1262." title="Phylogenetic niche conservatism and the evolutionary basis of ecological speciation" type="journal article" year="2015">
|
|
Pyron
|
|
<emphasis id="B97FE206FF8F1C7635A0F8207953F80F" box="[228,281,1994,2020]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
2015
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8BB43E14FF8F1C76361EFDF37D94FB81" blockId="5.[819,1506,537,2012]" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">
|
|
Here, we found signals of ecological niche differentiation among the three subspecies of Aztec fruit-eating bat (
|
|
<tableCitation id="C6890BAFFF8F1C763678FDB67BD5FD9D" box="[828,927,604,630]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="3.[113,158,1300,1317]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Table 1. Percentage of contribution and permutation importance of climatic variables used in MaxEnt model for each subspecies of Artibeus aztecus." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF746E9CFF891C703535FAFE7A1DFAD6" pageId="5" pageNumber="44" tableUuid="DF746E9CFF891C703535FAFE7A1DFAD6">Tables 1</tableCitation>
|
|
and
|
|
<tableCitation id="C6890BAFFF8F1C763698FDB67BA7FD9D" box="[988,1005,604,630]" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="5.[858,903,130,147]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Table 2. Results of the background similarity pairwise comparisons among the three subspecies of Artibeus aztecus. Observed Schoener's D and Hellinger's I values and p-values (p-val) are shown." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF746E9CFF8F1C76361EFF687C4FFF28" pageId="5" pageNumber="44" tableUuid="DF746E9CFF8F1C76361EFF687C4FFF28">2</tableCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<figureCitation id="13302291FF8F1C7636BCFDB67C28FD9D" box="[1016,1122,604,630]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="3.[858,911,1524,1541]" captionTargetBox="[823,1500,138,1495]" captionTargetId="figure-571@3.[822,1505,126,1521]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figure 2. Maxent predicted potential distribution for (a) Artibeus a.aztecus, (b) A.a. minor, and (c) A.a.major." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10261945" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10261945/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">Figures 2</figureCitation>
|
|
and
|
|
<figureCitation id="13302291FF8F1C7631DBFDB67CFAFD9D" box="[1183,1200,604,630]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="4.[166,219,1919,1936]" captionTargetBox="[136,1557,163,1883]" captionTargetId="figure-6@4.[129,1557,163,1898]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 3. Niche overlap values for Schoener's D and Hellinger's I compared to a null distribution: (a) Artibeus a. aztecus (yellow) vs. A.a. minor (blue), (b) A.a. aztecus vs.A.A. major (red),(c) A.a.minor vs.A.a.major." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10261947" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10261947/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">3</figureCitation>
|
|
). The three subspecies of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4597FF8F1C763672FD977BE3FD7C" box="[822,937,637,663]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Artibeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aztecus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B97FE206FF8F1C763672FD977BE3FD7C" box="[822,937,637,663]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">A. aztecus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
present different climatic preferences that may indicate they are evolving independently. Therefore, further studies are necessary to learn about the evolutionary history of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4597FF8F1C7636EAFD0B7C6AFD10" box="[942,1056,737,763]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Artibeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aztecus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B97FE206FF8F1C7636EAFD0B7C6AFD10" box="[942,1056,737,763]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">A. aztecus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and clarify the taxonomic situation of the three subspecies. Certaintly, it is crucial to consider that the outcome and the interpretation of the similarity tests may be sensitive to the definition of the calibration area and environmental background (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A43E5FF8F1C7631BCFC8C7D98FC6B" author="WARREN, D. L. & R. E. GLOR & M. TURELLI" box="[1272,1490,870,896]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Warren" journalOrPublisher="Ecography" pageId="5" pageNumber="44" pagination="607 - 611" part="33" refId="ref8348" refString="WARREN, D. L., R. E. GLOR, AND M. TURELLI. 2010. ENMTools: a toolbox for comparative studies of environmental niche models. Ecography 33: 607 - 611." title="ENMTools: a toolbox for comparative studies of environmental niche models" type="journal article" year="2010">
|
|
Warren
|
|
<emphasis id="B97FE206FF8F1C763012FC8C7DC5FC6B" box="[1366,1423,870,896]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
2010
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
), still, they may offer some guidelines to explore speciation mechanisms (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A43E5FF8F1C76369CFC437CFEFC28" author="TOCCHIO, L. J. & ET AL" box="[984,1204,937,963]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Tocchio" journalOrPublisher="Zoologica Scripta" pageId="5" pageNumber="44" pagination="1 - 10" part="44" refId="ref8143" refString="TOCCHIO, L. J., R., ET AL. 2015. Niche similarities among whiteeared opossums (Mammalia, Didelphidae): Is ecological niche modelling relevant to setting species limits? Zoologica Scripta 44: 1 - 10." title="Niche similarities among whiteeared opossums (Mammalia, Didelphidae): Is ecological niche modelling relevant to setting species limits?" type="journal article" year="2015">
|
|
Tocchio
|
|
<emphasis id="B97FE206FF8F1C76317FFC437C38FC28" box="[1083,1138,937,963]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
2015
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
) and thus determine the taxonomic status of the species. In this study, we defined it using the movement data of a congeneric species of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4597FF8F1C76308EFC067BC3FBCC" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Artibeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aztecus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B97FE206FF8F1C76308EFC067BC3FBCC" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">A. aztecus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, so the results must be carefully interpreted. Further details on the dispersal capacity for each subspecies might improve reference area estimation for niche models.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="C3116D9FFF8F1C75361EFB937AF9FEEA" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="45" pageId="5" pageNumber="44" type="discussion">
|
|
<paragraph id="8BB43E14FF8F1C76361EFB937CF1F8C6" blockId="5.[819,1506,537,2012]" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">
|
|
It is essential to clarify the phylogenetic relationships among the subspecies to better understand their biogeographic history (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A43E5FF8F1C7636B5FB517D70FB3E" author="MARTINEZ-GORDILLO, D. & O. ROJAS-SOTO & A. ESPINOSA DE LOS MONTEROS" box="[1009,1338,1211,1237]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Martinez-Gordillo" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Evolutionary Biology" pageId="5" pageNumber="44" pagination="259 - 270" part="23" refId="ref6914" refString="MARTINEZ-GORDILLO, D., O. ROJAS-SOTO, AND A. ESPINOSA DE LOS MONTEROS. 2010. Ecological niche modelling as an exploratory tool for identifying species limits: An example based on Mexican muroid rodents. Journal of Evolutionary Biology 23: 259 - 270." title="Ecological niche modelling as an exploratory tool for identifying species limits: An example based on Mexican muroid rodents" type="journal article" year="2010">
|
|
Martínez-Gordillo
|
|
<emphasis id="B97FE206FF8F1C763181FB517CB1FB3E" box="[1221,1275,1211,1237]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
2010
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
). Studies that analyzed the diversification of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4597FF8F1C7631E6FB377D4AFB1C" authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1821" box="[1186,1280,1245,1271]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Artibeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B97FE206FF8F1C7631E6FB377D4AFB1C" box="[1186,1280,1245,1271]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">Artibeus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and the subgenus
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4597FF8F1C763670FB147BFCFAF3" authorityName="Gervais" authorityYear="1856" box="[820,950,1278,1304]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Dermanura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B97FE206FF8F1C763670FB147BFCFAF3" box="[820,950,1278,1304]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">Dermanura</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, have included a few samples of at least two subspecies, but not
|
|
<emphasis id="B97FE206FF8F1C763163FAF57CEFFAD2" box="[1063,1189,1311,1337]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">A. a. major</emphasis>
|
|
(
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A43E5FF8F1C7631F1FAF57D77FAD2" author="OWEN, R. D." box="[1205,1341,1311,1337]" firstAuthor="Owen" journalOrPublisher="Special Publications of the Museum Texas Tech University" pageId="5" pageNumber="44" pagination="1 - 65" part="26" refId="ref7170" refString="OWEN, R. D. 1987. Phylogenetic analyses of the bat subfamily Stenodermatinae (Mammalia: Chiroptera). Special Publications of the Museum Texas Tech University 26: 1 - 65." title="Phylogenetic analyses of the bat subfamily Stenodermatinae (Mammalia: Chiroptera)" type="journal article" year="1987">Owen 1987</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A43E5FF8F1C763009FAF57B27FAB0" author="HOOFER, S. R. & ET AL" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Hoofer" journalOrPublisher="Occasional Papers, Museum of Texas Tech University" pageId="5" pageNumber="44" pagination="1 - 15" refId="ref6539" refString="HOOFER, S. R., ET AL. 2008. Phylogenetics of the fruit-eating bats (Phyllostomidae: Artibeina) inferred from mitochondrial DNA sequences. Occasional Papers, Museum of Texas Tech University: 1 - 15." title="Phylogenetics of the fruit-eating bats (Phyllostomidae: Artibeina) inferred from mitochondrial DNA sequences" type="book chapter" year="2008">
|
|
Hoofer
|
|
<emphasis id="B97FE206FF8F1C7630E3FAF57DAAFAD2" box="[1447,1504,1311,1337]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
2008
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A43E5FF8F1C76363AFAAB7C3AFAB0" author="REDONDO, R. A. F. & ET AL" box="[894,1136,1345,1371]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Redondo" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution" pageId="5" pageNumber="44" pagination="44 - 58" part="49" refId="ref7539" refString="REDONDO, R. A. F., ET AL. 2008. Molecular systematics of the genus Artibeus (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 49: 44 - 58." title="Molecular systematics of the genus Artibeus (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae)" type="journal article" year="2008">
|
|
Redondo
|
|
<emphasis id="B97FE206FF8F1C7636B7FAAB7C67FAB0" box="[1011,1069,1345,1371]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
2008
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A43E5FF8F1C7631C5FAAB7D00FAB0" author="SOLARI, S. & ET AL" box="[1153,1354,1345,1371]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Solari" journalOrPublisher="Acta Chiropterologica" pageId="5" pageNumber="44" pagination="279 - 288" part="11" refId="ref7937" refString="SOLARI, S., ET AL. 2009. Operational criteria for genetically defined species: analysis of the diversification of the small fruit-eating bats, Dermanura (Phyllostomidae: Stenodermatinae). Acta Chiropterologica 11: 279 - 288." title="Operational criteria for genetically defined species: analysis of the diversification of the small fruit-eating bats, Dermanura (Phyllostomidae: Stenodermatinae)" type="journal article" year="2009">
|
|
Solari
|
|
<emphasis id="B97FE206FF8F1C763189FAAB7D4DFAB0" box="[1229,1287,1345,1371]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
2009
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A43E5FF8F1C76301FFAAB7B27FA97" author="BAKER, R. J. & ET AL" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Baker" journalOrPublisher="Acta Chiropterologica" pageId="5" pageNumber="44" pagination="1 - 38" part="18" refId="ref5501" refString="BAKER, R. J., ET AL. 2016. Higher level classification of Phyllostomid bats with a summary of DNA synapomorphies. Acta Chiropterologica 18: 1 - 38." title="Higher level classification of Phyllostomid bats with a summary of DNA synapomorphies" type="journal article" year="2016">
|
|
Baker
|
|
<emphasis id="B97FE206FF8F1C7630E2FAAB7DAAFAB0" box="[1446,1504,1345,1371]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
2016
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A43E5FF8F1C7636C1FA887C07FA97" author="SOLARI, S. & ET AL" box="[901,1101,1378,1404]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Solari" journalOrPublisher="Acta Chiropterologica" pageId="5" pageNumber="44" pagination="279 - 288" part="11" refId="ref7937" refString="SOLARI, S., ET AL. 2009. Operational criteria for genetically defined species: analysis of the diversification of the small fruit-eating bats, Dermanura (Phyllostomidae: Stenodermatinae). Acta Chiropterologica 11: 279 - 288." title="Operational criteria for genetically defined species: analysis of the diversification of the small fruit-eating bats, Dermanura (Phyllostomidae: Stenodermatinae)" type="journal article" year="2009">
|
|
Solari
|
|
<emphasis id="B97FE206FF8F1C763688FA887C4BFA97" box="[972,1025,1378,1404]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
(2009)
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
recovered two clades of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4597FF8F1C76302EFA887D93FA97" box="[1386,1497,1378,1404]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Artibeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aztecus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B97FE206FF8F1C76302EFA887D93FA97" box="[1386,1497,1378,1404]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">A. aztecus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, represented by samples of
|
|
<emphasis id="B97FE206FF8F1C76312EFA697CB8FA76" box="[1130,1266,1411,1437]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">
|
|
A.
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4597FF8F1C7631C0FA697CB8FA76" box="[1156,1266,1411,1437]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Artibeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aztecus">a. aztecus</taxonomicName>
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
and
|
|
<emphasis id="B97FE206FF8F1C76306DFA697DEBFA76" box="[1321,1441,1411,1437]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">A. a. minor</emphasis>
|
|
, with a genetic divergence of 3.6 % between them, a value that falls in the range necessary for species recognition suggested by
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A43E5FF8F1C7636F6FA0D7C9CF9EA" author="BAKER, R. J. & R. D. BRADLEY" box="[946,1238,1511,1537]" firstAuthor="Baker" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Mammalogy" pageId="5" pageNumber="44" pagination="643 - 662" part="87" refId="ref5467" refString="BAKER, R. J., AND R. D. BRADLEY. 2006. Speciation in mammals and the genetic species concept. Journal of Mammalogy 87: 643 - 662." title="Speciation in mammals and the genetic species concept" type="journal article" year="2006">Baker and Bradley (2006)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
, so it is crucial to analyze the genetic divergence between the species using a larger number of samples that includes the three subspecies. In addition, morphological analyses that include all subspecies are necessary to assess phenotypic variation and its potential correlation with environmental conditions. A relationship between environmental conditions and morphology has been documented in other Mesoamerican montane species (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A43E5FF8F1C7631C7F9187D93F8E7" author="RODRIGUEZ-GOMEZ, F. & C. GUTIERREZ-RODRIGUEZ & J. F. ORNELAS" box="[1155,1497,1778,1804]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Rodriguez-Gomez" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Biogeography" pageId="5" pageNumber="44" pagination="1360 - 1373" part="40" refId="ref7705" refString="RODRIGUEZ-GOMEZ, F., C. GUTIERREZ-RODRIGUEZ, AND J. F. ORNELAS. 2013. Genetic, phenotypic and ecological divergence with gene flow at the Isthmus of Tehuantepec: the case of the azure-crowned hummingbird (Amazilia cyanocephala). Journal of Biogeography 40: 1360 - 1373." title="Genetic, phenotypic and ecological divergence with gene flow at the Isthmus of Tehuantepec: the case of the azure-crowned hummingbird (Amazilia cyanocephala)" type="journal article" year="2013">
|
|
Rodríguez-Gómez
|
|
<emphasis id="B97FE206FF8F1C76301BF9187DD2F8E7" box="[1375,1432,1778,1804]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
2013
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A43E5FF8F1C763670F8F97B27F8C6" author="RODRIGUEZ-GOMEZ, F. & ET AL" box="[820,877,1811,1837]" firstAuthor="Rodriguez-Gomez" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Ornithology" pageId="5" pageNumber="44" pagination="529 - 547" part="162" refId="ref7758" refString="RODRIGUEZ-GOMEZ, F., ET AL. 2021. Phylogeography, morphology and ecological niche modelling to explore the evolutionary history of Azure-crowned Hummingbird (Amazilia cyanocephala, Trochilidae) in Mesoamerica. Journal of Ornithology 162: 529 - 547." title="Phylogeography, morphology and ecological niche modelling to explore the evolutionary history of Azure-crowned Hummingbird (Amazilia cyanocephala, Trochilidae) in Mesoamerica" type="journal article" year="2021">2021</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A43E5FF8F1C76363DF8F97CE7F8C6" author="HERNANDEZ-CANCHOLA, G." box="[889,1197,1811,1837]" firstAuthor="Hernandez-Canchola" journalOrPublisher="Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico" pageId="5" pageNumber="44" refId="ref6475" refString="HERNANDEZ-CANCHOLA, G. 2018. Diversificacion de dos especies del genero Sturnira (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae) en Mesoamerica (PhD thesis). Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico." title="Diversificacion de dos especies del genero Sturnira (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae) en Mesoamerica" type="book" year="2018">Hernández-Canchola 2018</bibRefCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8BB43E14FF8F1C75361EF8D67AF9FEEA" blockId="5.[819,1506,537,2012]" lastBlockId="6.[129,813,131,257]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="45" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">
|
|
In sum, our results offer a first look at the ecological variation of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4597FF8F1C7636DCF8B47C1BF893" box="[920,1105,1886,1912]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Artibeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aztecus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B97FE206FF8F1C7636DCF8B47C1BF893" box="[920,1105,1886,1912]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">Artibeus aztecus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and an additional view on understanding the processes that have shaped the diversification of montane bats in Mesoamerica. Climatic divergence among the three subspecies probably are due to the interaction between former ecological niche conservatism and the emergence of geographic barriers, such as the Isthmus of Tehuantepec and the Nicaraguan Depression that promoted the subsequent ecological differentation.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
</treatment>
|
|
</document> |