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<mods:title id="576B6ACEE962837E2A2BF5B284B49507">Review of the leafhopper genus Thaia Ghauri and related genera (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Typhlocybinae: Erythroneurini)</mods:title>
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<mods:affiliation id="807E472E310E3BC114B443F0BACA4BE2">Illinois Nature History Survey, Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1816 S Oak St., Champaign, IL 61820, USA &amp; arboridia @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 3293 - 4794</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:affiliation id="E9794BDA9CA64016D2FBF8BD7AD1F529">Illinois Nature History Survey, Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1816 S Oak St., Champaign, IL 61820, USA &amp; chdietri @ illinois. edu; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 4005 - 4305</mods:affiliation>
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<taxonomicName id="4C3044C2FFDEFFEF8B84FBB5FCC0BF27" ID-CoL="dbc7bbc3-0215-4a62-9c1d-102849a8ff8d" authority="Dworakowska, 1974" authorityName="Dworakowska" authorityYear="1974" box="[151,503,1050,1077]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Nlunga" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="332" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B944E353FFDEFFEF8B84FBB5FDC5BF26" bold="true" box="[151,242,1050,1077]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="332">Nlunga</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA142B0FFDEFFEF8BE9FBB4FCC0BF27" author="Dworakowska, I." box="[250,503,1050,1077]" pageId="1" pageNumber="332" pagination="132 - 243" refId="ref12575" refString="Dworakowska, I. (1974) Contribution a la faune du Congo (Brazzaville). Mission A. Villiers et A. Descarpentries. CIX. Hemipteres Typhlocybinae. Bulletin de l'Institut Fondamental d'Afrique Noire, Serie A, 36 (1), 132 - 243." type="journal article" year="1974">Dworakowska, 1974</bibRefCitation>
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stat. n.
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<paragraph id="8B8F3F41FFDEFFEF8B84FBF0FCDABF64" blockId="1.[151,562,1119,1174]" box="[151,493,1119,1143]" pageId="1" pageNumber="332">
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<treatmentCitation id="0A911950FFDEFFEF8B84FBF0FCDABF64" author="Dworakowska, I." box="[151,493,1119,1143]" page="191" pageId="1" pageNumber="332" year="1974">
<taxonomicName id="4C3044C2FFDEFFEF8B84FBF0FCDABF64" ID-CoL="dbc7bbc3-0215-4a62-9c1d-102849a8ff8d" authority="Dworakowska, 1974: 191" authorityName="Dworakowska" authorityPageNumber="191" authorityYear="1974" box="[151,493,1119,1143]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Nlunga" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="332" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B944E353FFDEFFEF8B84FBF0FDD5BF64" box="[151,226,1119,1143]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="332">Nlunga</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA142B0FFDEFFEF8BFBFBF0FCDABF64" author="Dworakowska, I." box="[232,493,1119,1143]" pageId="1" pageNumber="332" pagination="132 - 243" refId="ref12575" refString="Dworakowska, I. (1974) Contribution a la faune du Congo (Brazzaville). Mission A. Villiers et A. Descarpentries. CIX. Hemipteres Typhlocybinae. Bulletin de l'Institut Fondamental d'Afrique Noire, Serie A, 36 (1), 132 - 243." type="journal article" year="1974">Dworakowska, 1974: 191</bibRefCitation>
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB20186FFFDEFFEF8B84FBD1FF05BF85" box="[151,562,1150,1174]" pageId="1" pageNumber="332">
<treatmentCitation id="0A911950FFDEFFEF8B84FBD1FF05BF85" author="Dworakowska, I." box="[151,562,1150,1174]" page="50" pageId="1" pageNumber="332" year="1976">
<taxonomicName id="4C3044C2FFDEFFEF8B84FBD1FF05BF85" ID-CoL="8R4G7" authority="Dworakowska, 1976: 50" authorityName="Dworakowska" authorityPageNumber="50" authorityYear="1976" box="[151,562,1150,1174]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Thaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="332" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Nlunga">
<emphasis id="B944E353FFDEFFEF8B84FBD1FDE5BF85" box="[151,210,1150,1174]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="332">Thaia</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B944E353FFDEFFEF8BF2FBD1FC1BBF85" box="[225,300,1150,1174]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="332">Nlunga</emphasis>
)
<bibRefCitation id="EFA142B0FFDEFFEF8A29FBD1FF05BF85" author="Dworakowska, I." box="[314,562,1150,1174]" pageId="1" pageNumber="332" pagination="1 - 51" refId="ref12625" refString="Dworakowska, I. (1976) On some oriental and Ethiopian Typhlocybinae (Homoptera, Auchenorrhyncha, Cicadellidae). Reichenbachia, 16 (1), 1 - 51." type="journal article" year="1976">Dworakowska, 1976: 50</bibRefCitation>
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<emphasis id="B944E353FFDEFFEF8B84FB14FC11BFC0" bold="true" box="[151,294,1211,1235]" pageId="1" pageNumber="332">
<typeStatus id="548B81E3FFDEFFEF8B84FB14FDFBBFC0" box="[151,204,1211,1235]" pageId="1" pageNumber="332">Type</typeStatus>
species:
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<taxonomicName id="4C3044C2FFDEFFEF8A3FFB14FF95BFC0" ID-CoL="8J9TD" authority="Dworakowska, 1974" authorityName="Dworakowska" authorityYear="1974" box="[300,674,1211,1235]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Nlunga" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="332" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="reeneni">
<emphasis id="B944E353FFDEFFEF8A3FFB14FCFFBFC0" box="[300,456,1211,1235]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="332">Nlunga reeneni</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA142B0FFDEFFEF8ADDFB14FF95BFC0" author="Dworakowska, I." box="[462,674,1211,1235]" pageId="1" pageNumber="332" pagination="132 - 243" refId="ref12575" refString="Dworakowska, I. (1974) Contribution a la faune du Congo (Brazzaville). Mission A. Villiers et A. Descarpentries. CIX. Hemipteres Typhlocybinae. Bulletin de l'Institut Fondamental d'Afrique Noire, Serie A, 36 (1), 132 - 243." type="journal article" year="1974">Dworakowska, 1974</bibRefCitation>
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, by original designation
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<emphasis id="B944E353FFDEFFEF8B84FAAEFC1EBE08" bold="true" box="[151,297,1281,1307]" pageId="1" pageNumber="332">Description.</emphasis>
Body robust, ground color testaceous to yellow testaceous. Head slightly narrower than pronotum, crown fore margin subparallel to hind margin, coronal suture indistinct or distinct basally. Ocelli rudimentary. Face convex in profile, anteclypeus relatively long, oval, lorum large. Pronotum and basal part of forewing with numerous conspicuous cavities. Forewing with first and third apical cell widest, fourth apical cell not reached apex of wing, shorter than third apical cell. Hind wing venation usual for
<taxonomicName id="4C3044C2FFDEFFEF8866FA3EF97BBEBF" authority=", RA" authorityName="RA" box="[885,1100,1425,1452]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="332" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Erythroneurini">Erythroneurini, RA</taxonomicName>
vein absent.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8F3F41FFDEFFEF8BD4FA1AF809BEE0" blockId="1.[151,1437,1281,2028]" pageId="1" pageNumber="332">Male abdominal apodemes 2S very small, only slightly surpassing fore margin of sternite III. Anal tube sclerotized, with slender but solid appendages at distal half, appendages short to long, straight or nearly straight.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8F3F41FFDEFFEF8BD4FA52FFCFBC48" blockId="1.[151,1437,1281,2028]" pageId="1" pageNumber="332">Pygofer lobe well sclerotized and pigmented at basal half, distal lobe membranous, angulately produced apically, boundary between basal and distal lobes very clear, setosity rudimentary or poorly developed; dorsal appendage absent; ventral appendage slim, directed caudad, fused to pygofer lobe, extended from the lower distal angle of basal sclerotized lobe. Subgenital plate surpassing hind margin of pygofer lobe, wide basally and narrowing towards apex, distal disc somewhat expanded on vertical level; with row of 39 macrosetae near outer margin and row of rigid setae along lateral margin from subbase to apex. Style with apical part short and narrowing towards apex, preapical lobe greatly expanded, nearly triangular. Connective lamellate, manubrium broad, central lobe well developed, with or without central ridge of manubrium. Aedeagal shaft tubular with papillose apex, curved dorsad, without process; dorsal apodeme rudimentary to developed; preatrium narrow in lateral view, developed vertically, provided with single solid process far from shaft; gonopore terminal.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32A6CCAFFDEFFEC8BD4F8CAF814BA52" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="333" pageId="1" pageNumber="332" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B8F3F41FFDEFFEC8BD4F8CAF814BA52" blockId="1.[151,1437,1281,2028]" lastBlockId="2.[151,1437,151,537]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="333" pageId="1" pageNumber="332">
<emphasis id="B944E353FFDEFFEF8BD4F8CAFC03BC6C" bold="true" box="[199,308,1893,1919]" pageId="1" pageNumber="332">Remarks</emphasis>
. This genus was established by
<bibRefCitation id="EFA142B0FFDEFFEF89B1F8CAFEA0BC6C" author="Dworakowska, I." box="[674,919,1893,1919]" pageId="1" pageNumber="332" pagination="132 - 243" refId="ref12575" refString="Dworakowska, I. (1974) Contribution a la faune du Congo (Brazzaville). Mission A. Villiers et A. Descarpentries. CIX. Hemipteres Typhlocybinae. Bulletin de l'Institut Fondamental d'Afrique Noire, Serie A, 36 (1), 132 - 243." type="journal article" year="1974">Dworakowska (1974)</bibRefCitation>
and thereafter treated as a subgenus of
<taxonomicName id="4C3044C2FFDEFFEF8E48F8CAFDD2BCB0" authority="Ghauri" authorityName="Ghauri" authorityYear="1962" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Thaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="332" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B944E353FFDEFFEF8E48F8CAF8ABBC6C" box="[1371,1436,1893,1919]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="332">Thaia</emphasis>
Ghauri
</taxonomicName>
by herself (
<bibRefCitation id="EFA142B0FFDEFFEF8A60F826FF53BCB7" author="Dworakowska, I." box="[371,612,1929,1956]" pageId="1" pageNumber="332" pagination="1 - 51" refId="ref12625" refString="Dworakowska, I. (1976) On some oriental and Ethiopian Typhlocybinae (Homoptera, Auchenorrhyncha, Cicadellidae). Reichenbachia, 16 (1), 1 - 51." type="journal article" year="1976">Dworakowska, 1976</bibRefCitation>
). It contained 15 species previously, distributed in the Afrotropical and
<collectingRegion id="49F4F1A3FFDEFFEF8B84F802FDC4BCD4" box="[151,243,1965,1991]" country="Republic of the Congo" name="Orientale" pageId="1" pageNumber="332">Oriental</collectingRegion>
regions. However, we found that the Afrotropical species and three species from South Asia are remarkably different from the other
<collectingRegion id="49F4F1A3FFDEFFEF8AC9F87EFF01BCF8" box="[474,566,2001,2027]" country="Republic of the Congo" name="Orientale" pageId="1" pageNumber="332">Oriental</collectingRegion>
species in pronotum texture, the pygofer ventral appendage and the aedeagus. Therefore, we exclude most of the
<collectingRegion id="49F4F1A3FFDDFFEC8939FF38FFB1BBA2" box="[554,646,151,177]" country="Republic of the Congo" name="Orientale" pageId="2" pageNumber="333">Oriental</collectingRegion>
species and retain only the species with pits on the pronotum in this genus. The new list of species can be subdivided into the African group (
<taxonomicName id="4C3044C2FFDDFFEC88D0FF14F95BBBC7" authority="Cao &amp; Dmitriev &amp; Dietrich &amp; Zhang, 2020" authorityName="Cao &amp; Dmitriev &amp; Dietrich &amp; Zhang" authorityYear="2020" box="[963,1132,187,212]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Nlunga" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="333" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parareeneni" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B944E353FFDDFFEC88D0FF14F95BBBC7" box="[963,1132,187,212]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="333">N. parareeneni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B944E353FFDDFFEC8F61FF14F9FBBBC6" bold="true" box="[1138,1228,187,213]" pageId="2" pageNumber="333">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2775E28FFDDFFEC8F61FF14F9FBBBC6" box="[1138,1228,187,213]" pageId="2" pageNumber="333" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C3044C2FFDDFFEC8FCAFF14F87ABBC7" authorityName="Dworakowska" authorityYear="1974" box="[1241,1357,187,212]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Nlunga" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="333" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="reeneni">
<emphasis id="B944E353FFDDFFEC8FCAFF14F87ABBC7" box="[1241,1357,187,212]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="333">N. reeneni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C3044C2FFDDFFEC8E90FF14FDD0BBEA" authorityName="Dworakowska" authorityYear="1974" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Nlunga" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="333" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="theroni">
<emphasis id="B944E353FFDDFFEC8E90FF14FDD0BBEA" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="333">N. theroni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) and the
<collectingRegion id="49F4F1A3FFDDFFEC8A43FF70FC9BBBEA" box="[336,428,223,249]" country="Republic of the Congo" name="Orientale" pageId="2" pageNumber="333">Oriental</collectingRegion>
group (
<taxonomicName id="4C3044C2FFDDFFEC8917FF70FFA6BBEA" authorityName="Dworakowska" authorityYear="1994" box="[516,657,223,249]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Nlunga" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="333" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="drutoidea">
<emphasis id="B944E353FFDDFFEC8917FF70FFA6BBEA" box="[516,657,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="333">N. drutoidea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C3044C2FFDDFFEC898CFF70FE31BBEA" baseAuthorityName="Ramakrishnan &amp; Menon" baseAuthorityYear="1974" box="[671,774,223,249]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Nlunga" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="333" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="indica">
<emphasis id="B944E353FFDDFFEC898CFF70FE31BBEA" box="[671,774,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="333">N. indica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C3044C2FFDDFFEC882FFF70FEE5BBEA" authorityName="Dworakowska" authorityYear="1994" box="[828,978,223,249]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Nlunga" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="333" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lankaensis">
<emphasis id="B944E353FFDDFFEC882FFF70FEE5BBEA" box="[828,978,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="333">N. lankaensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). All the African species have a widened atrium of the aedeagus and developed lamellae on sides. Besides, they have a shorter anal tube appendage, less expanded preapical lobe of the style, and thicker, shorter preatrial process compared to the
<collectingRegion id="49F4F1A3FFDDFFEC8F6BFE88F9E3BA52" box="[1144,1236,295,321]" country="Republic of the Congo" name="Orientale" pageId="2" pageNumber="333">Oriental</collectingRegion>
group.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32A6CCAFFDDFFEC8BD4FEE5FE3EBA76" box="[199,777,330,357]" pageId="2" pageNumber="333" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8B8F3F41FFDDFFEC8BD4FEE5FE3EBA76" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,537]" box="[199,777,330,357]" pageId="2" pageNumber="333">
<emphasis id="B944E353FFDDFFEC8BD4FEE5FC56BA77" bold="true" box="[199,353,330,356]" pageId="2" pageNumber="333">Distribution.</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="F3277FD1FFDDFFEC8A74FEE4FF77BA76" box="[359,576,331,357]" name="Republic of the Congo" pageId="2" pageNumber="333">Republic of Congo</collectingCountry>
;
<collectingCountry id="F3277FD1FFDDFFEC8958FEE4FFBFBA76" box="[587,648,331,357]" name="India" pageId="2" pageNumber="333">India</collectingCountry>
;
<collectingCountry id="F3277FD1FFDDFFEC8987FEE4FE32BA76" box="[660,773,331,357]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="2" pageNumber="333">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32A6CCAFFDDFFEC8BD4FEC1FF47B90A" pageId="2" pageNumber="333" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8B8F3F41FFDDFFEC8BD4FEC1FF47B90A" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,537]" pageId="2" pageNumber="333">
<emphasis id="B944E353FFDDFFEC8BD4FEC1FC0DBA9B" bold="true" box="[199,314,366,392]" pageId="2" pageNumber="333">Diagnosis</emphasis>
. This genus resembles
<taxonomicName id="4C3044C2FFDDFFEC8956FEC0FE0EBA9A" authority="(Thaia) Ghauri" authorityName="Ghauri" box="[581,825,367,393]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Thaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="333" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Thaia">
<emphasis id="B944E353FFDDFFEC8956FEC0FFB1BA9A" box="[581,646,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="333">Thaia</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B944E353FFDDFFEC898BFEC0FFEEBA9A" box="[664,729,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="333">Thaia</emphasis>
) Ghauri
</taxonomicName>
in body shape, wing venation and style shape, and in having well-developed anal tube and pygofer ventral appendages but lacking the pygofer dorsal appendage.
<taxonomicName id="4C3044C2FFDDFFEC8E59FE3CF8ABBABE" authorityName="Dworakowska" authorityYear="1974" box="[1354,1436,403,429]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Nlunga" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="333" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B944E353FFDDFFEC8E59FE3CF8ABBABE" box="[1354,1436,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="333">Nlunga</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs in having the pronotum with numerous pits, the anal tube appendage on the distal half, the pygofer lobe sclerotized only in the basal half, the pygofer ventral appendage slim and extended from the middle lower margin of the lobe, and the aedeagal shaft shorter.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>