371 lines
42 KiB
XML
371 lines
42 KiB
XML
<document id="93ACAE52E9C412898AA9B456EBD927DB" ID-DOI="10.1206/0003-0082(2007)3587[1:TNFODA]2.0.CO;2" ID-ISSN="0003-0082" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5388594" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1630307993975" checkinUser="carolina" docAuthor="ENGEL, MICHAEL S. & GRIMALDI, DAVID A." docDate="2007" docId="038D8787FFE9FF8AFD21399ACC48FCAA" docLanguage="en" docName="N3587.pdf" docOrigin="American Museum Novitates 3587" docSource="http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.1206/0003-0082%282007%293587%5B1%3ATNFODA%5D2.0.CO%3B2" docStyle="DocumentStyle:70DDF1BDF6846024993F05262BAE3001.3:AmMusNovit.2000-2010.journal_article.type1" docStyleId="70DDF1BDF6846024993F05262BAE3001" docStyleName="AmMusNovit.2000-2010.journal_article.type1" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Porrerus Navas 1913" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="41" masterDocId="FFB4FFFFFFC9FFA2FF9C3C6DCD19FF93" masterDocTitle="The Neuropterid Fauna of Dominican and Mexican Amber (Neuropterida: Megaloptera, Neuroptera)" masterLastPageNumber="60" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="33" updateTime="1699222101340" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:mods id="B2B80F5061B4C2A8D8FD1471A3667D80" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="F3FE45DB47DC25E19DEDFBCDF1564A0C">
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<mods:title id="BAE01140ADC842AE530E8B2E4B035BE7">The Neuropterid Fauna of Dominican and Mexican Amber (Neuropterida: Megaloptera, Neuroptera)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="02F508E22B510A247D3463BBE4707E0F" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="1C7DC7A4ECEB38F9B1CE4FE748042FBF">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="2B90597C59D538898638AB6948B84522">ENGEL, MICHAEL S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="C8D2D1CD3EF56C666A7384CE2E23CC6D" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="35FEE036C25AE52B8092C5AF263ED532">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="974C76F81072057E8140FC87D735ADA3">GRIMALDI, DAVID A.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="4363292B4DE8494B9CE741524CC567A8">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="CC5D482ADCD16BB1F86B069AC13A9DFC">
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<mods:title id="D57CEF023D826BC82043792BD52060A6">American Museum Novitates</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="1EFDE230595F8DFF7697F9D407B76772">
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<mods:date id="AFF806CA07AF9289114CD74522E12B29">2007</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="CBCB2F87B8D9ED7B15FA03CF1AEDBA43" type="pubDate">
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<mods:number id="BA653A9E28F2B2709C3B0FB36A330415">2007-09-06</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="3BACD4161D9CAC26F42673B9338F3FDF" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="74776252A32B04714D10DF3496689617">3587</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="6D2DDB7B957BB4AB438C168EA00D88EE">http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.1206/0003-0082%282007%293587%5B1%3ATNFODA%5D2.0.CO%3B2</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification id="CE22465598BB6A095D6FE08837979315">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="7ED6E04C55D6BC27781964E9774AA007" type="DOI">10.1206/0003-0082(2007)3587[1:TNFODA]2.0.CO;2</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="61156E9B39607FD247C990E41BFB4FEF" type="ISSN">0003-0082</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="DA00F7575D7D2145A86BF4F8E9A07C56" type="Zenodo-Dep">5388594</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="038D8787FFE9FF8AFD21399ACC48FCAA" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038D8787FFE9FF8AFD21399ACC48FCAA" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038D8787FFE9FF8AFD21399ACC48FCAA" lastPageId="40" lastPageNumber="41" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
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<subSubSection id="C33E651AFFE9FF82FD21399ACE2BF9B4" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B9B3691FFE9FF82FD21399AC9D5F99E" blockId="32.[701,1228,1527,1549]" box="[701,1228,1527,1549]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
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<heading id="D0D381FDFFE9FF82FD21399AC9D5F99E" box="[701,1228,1527,1549]" centered="true" fontSize="36" level="2" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" reason="8">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB3411BFFFE9FF82FD21399AC9D5F99E" box="[701,1228,1527,1549]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
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<taxonomicName id="4C244D12FFE9FF82FD21399ACE0DF99F" ID-CoL="63PMB" authorityName="Navas" authorityYear="1913" box="[701,788,1527,1548]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Porrerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B950EA83FFE9FF82FD21399ACE0DF99F" box="[701,788,1527,1548]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Porrerus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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larva:
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<treatmentCitation id="0A851080FFE9FF82FCF0399AC9D1F99E" author="Grimaldi, D. & M. S. Engel" box="[876,1224,1527,1549]" page="346" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" year="2005">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB54B60FFE9FF82FCF0399AC9D1F99E" author="Grimaldi, D. & M. S. Engel" box="[876,1224,1527,1549]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" refId="ref19602" refString="Grimaldi, D., and M. S. Engel. 2005. Evolution of the insects. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, xv + 755 pp." type="book" year="2005">Grimaldi and Engel, 2005: 346</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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,
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9B3691FFE9FF82FD443A7CCE2BF9B4" blockId="32.[701,1228,1553,1754]" box="[728,818,1553,1575]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
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<figureCitation id="131F2A14FFE9FF82FD443A7CCE2BF9B4" box="[728,818,1553,1575]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="14.[201,239,1585,1607]" captionTargetBox="[235,1120,210,1551]" captionTargetId="figure-1@14.[235,1121,209,1551]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Fig. 9. Photomicrograph of holotype of Dicromantispa moronei, new species (MACT-432)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5388608" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5388608/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">fig. 9.20.</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C33E651AFFE9FF87FD443A43CE79FA97" lastPageId="37" lastPageNumber="38" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B9B3691FFE9FF82FD443A43C9D2F949" blockId="32.[701,1228,1553,1754]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
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DESCRIPTION: Head length
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<quantity id="4CDC9B74FFE9FF82FB873A43C96DF9D5" box="[1051,1140,1582,1606]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" unit="mm" value="1.2">1.2 mm</quantity>
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; anteri- or width
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<quantity id="4CDC9B74FFE9FF82FCAE3A21CE95F9F7" box="[818,908,1612,1636]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" unit="mm" value="0.8">0.8 mm</quantity>
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; posterior width
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<quantity id="4CDC9B74FFE9FF82FBFC3A21C9DEF9F7" box="[1120,1223,1612,1636]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.6" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" unit="mm" value="0.46">0.46 mm</quantity>
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; total body length
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<quantity id="4CDC9B74FFE9FF82FC0B3A04CEE9F912" box="[919,1008,1641,1665]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" unit="mm" value="4.5">4.5 mm</quantity>
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. Head, pronotum, and legs more strongly sclerotized than remainder of body. Head elongate and trapezoidal, anterior width approximately 1.75
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="DF5B6619FFE8FF83FFC03AAEC9B9F94A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5388649" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5388649" box="[92,1184,1731,1753]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5388649/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" startId="33.[92,129,1731,1753]" targetBox="[132,1142,167,1697]" targetPageId="33">
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<paragraph id="8B9B3691FFE8FF83FFC03AAEC9B9F94A" blockId="33.[92,1184,1731,1753]" box="[92,1184,1731,1753]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
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Fig. 35. Ventral photomicrograph of holotype of
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<taxonomicName id="4C244D12FFE8FF83FDF93AAEC919F94A" authority="Stange and Poinar" authorityName="Stange and Poinar" box="[613,1024,1731,1753]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Porrerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dominicanus">
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<emphasis id="B950EA83FFE8FF83FDF93AAECE24F94B" box="[613,829,1731,1752]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Porrerus dominicanus</emphasis>
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Stange and Poinar
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</taxonomicName>
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(MACT-1220).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption id="DF5B6619FFEBFF80FF2E3AF9C983F939" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5388651" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5388651" box="[178,1178,1684,1706]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5388651/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" startId="34.[178,216,1684,1706]" targetBox="[179,1175,214,1650]" targetPageId="34">
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||
<paragraph id="8B9B3691FFEBFF80FF2E3AF9C983F939" blockId="34.[178,1178,1684,1706]" box="[178,1178,1684,1706]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
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Fig. 36. Dorsal habitus of holotype of
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<taxonomicName id="4C244D12FFEBFF80FDCA3AF9CEEEF939" authority="Stange and Poinar" authorityName="Stange and Poinar" box="[598,1015,1684,1706]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Porrerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dominicanus">
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<emphasis id="B950EA83FFEBFF80FDCA3AF9CE29F93A" box="[598,816,1684,1705]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Porrerus dominicanus</emphasis>
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Stange and Poinar
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</taxonomicName>
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(MACT-1220).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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||
<caption id="DF5B6619FFEAFF81FF0E3A59C973F9D9" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5388653" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5388653" box="[146,1130,1588,1610]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5388653/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" startId="35.[146,184,1588,1610]" targetBox="[216,1059,210,1554]" targetPageId="35">
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||
<paragraph id="8B9B3691FFEAFF81FF0E3A59C973F9D9" blockId="35.[146,1130,1588,1610]" box="[146,1130,1588,1610]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
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Fig. 37. Ventral photomicrograph of
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<taxonomicName id="4C244D12FFEAFF81FDBA3A59CEDEF9D9" authority="Stange and Poinar" authorityName="Stange and Poinar" box="[550,967,1588,1610]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Porrerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dominicanus">
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<emphasis id="B950EA83FFEAFF81FDBA3A59CE19F9DA" box="[550,768,1588,1609]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Porrerus dominicanus</emphasis>
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Stange and Poinar
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</taxonomicName>
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(MACT-1170).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="8B9B3691FFEAFF81FFC43A05C9BDF94A" blockId="35.[88,613,1640,1753]" lastBlockId="35.[662,1188,1640,1753]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">times posterior width; without dolichasters; with numerous, scattered, elongate, black setae; dorsum of head very gently convex along posterior two-thirds, anterioly between mandibles strongly concave; venter of head relatively flat. Mandibles slightly upturned, longer than head, widely separated (separated by approximately 3.75 times basal mandibular</paragraph>
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<caption id="DF5B6619FFEDFF86FF6E3AE7C943F933" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5388657" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5388657" box="[242,1114,1674,1696]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5388657/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" startId="36.[242,280,1674,1696]" targetBox="[173,1182,210,1639]" targetPageId="36">
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<paragraph id="8B9B3691FFEDFF86FF6E3AE7C943F933" blockId="36.[242,1114,1674,1696]" box="[242,1114,1674,1696]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
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Fig. 38. Dorsal habitus of
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<taxonomicName id="4C244D12FFEDFF86FD8B3AE6CEAEF933" authority="Stange and Poinar" authorityName="Stange and Poinar" box="[535,951,1674,1696]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Porrerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dominicanus">
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<emphasis id="B950EA83FFEDFF86FD8B3AE6CFE8F933" box="[535,753,1675,1696]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Porrerus dominicanus</emphasis>
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Stange and Poinar
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</taxonomicName>
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(MACT-1170).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption id="DF5B6619FFECFF87FFEC3FA4C9BCFC4C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5388659" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5388659" box="[112,1189,969,991]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5388659/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" startId="37.[112,159,969,991]" targetBox="[91,1185,211,935]" targetPageId="37">
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<paragraph id="8B9B3691FFECFF87FFEC3FA4C9BCFC4C" blockId="37.[88,1189,969,1017]" box="[112,1189,969,991]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
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Figs. 39–41. Wing venation and leg spination of
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<taxonomicName id="4C244D12FFECFF87FDF03FA4C91DFC4C" authority="Stange and Poinar" authorityName="Stange and Poinar" box="[620,1028,969,991]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Porrerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dominicanus">
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<emphasis id="B950EA83FFECFF87FDF03FA4CE5AFC4D" box="[620,835,969,990]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Porrerus dominicanus</emphasis>
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Stange and Poinar
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</taxonomicName>
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(MACT-3496).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="8B9B3691FFECFF87FFC43F8ECF52FC6A" blockId="37.[88,1189,969,1017]" box="[88,587,995,1017]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
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<emphasis id="B950EA83FFECFF87FFC43F8ECD6FFC6A" bold="true" box="[88,118,995,1017]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">39.</emphasis>
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Forewing.
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<emphasis id="B950EA83FFECFF87FF723F8ECC14FC6A" bold="true" box="[238,269,995,1017]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">40.</emphasis>
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Hind wing.
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<emphasis id="B950EA83FFECFF87FE0C3F8ECCB6FC6A" bold="true" box="[400,431,995,1017]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">41.</emphasis>
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Leg spination.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9B3691FFECFF87FFC4384DCE79FA97" blockId="37.[88,614,1056,1754]" lastBlockId="37.[662,1188,1056,1754]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">width); three teeth, first tooth situated about at midpoint of mandible, teeth progressively longer toward mandible apex, parallel; setae on outer margin of mandible longer than greatest width of mandible; fringe of appressed setae along outer basal margin of mandible. Labial palpus about as long as basal mandibular width. Ocular tubercle present, short (i.e., not prominent), cylindrical, without dolichasters. Antennal tubercle positioned close to ocular tubercle, separated by less than width, without dolichasters; apparently 18 antennal segments. Pronotum quadrangular, apparently about as wide as long. Mesothoracic spiracle sessile, situated between tubercles. Claws elongate and relatively straight, simple; legs with elongate, black setae, longer than leg width. Meso- and metathoracic and abdominal segments with transverse rows of elongate, black setae, such setae not borne on tubercles; more dense, shorter setae situated as a patch medially between meso- and metathoracic segments, such setae not arranged in rows. Body without scoli, with paired lateral tubercles each bearing numerous elongate setae. Eighth sternum with pair of small, submedian teeth near posterior margin; ninth sternum with numerous stout setae, without bladelike digging setae, with some shorter, stout setae borne on a common base near posterior margin and slightly upturned.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33E651AFFECFF87FD2C3967CE6BFA04" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8B9B3691FFECFF87FD2C3967CE6BFA04" blockId="37.[662,1188,1056,1754]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
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<collectionCode id="ED35AE54FFECFF87FD2C3967CE3BFAB2" box="[688,802,1290,1314]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">MATERIAL</collectionCode>
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: Larva; MACT-1282 (
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<figureCitation id="131F2A14FFECFF87FBD53967C986FAB1" box="[1097,1183,1290,1314]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="38.[151,189,1345,1367]" captionTargetBox="[140,1215,211,1311]" captionTargetId="figure-145@38.[140,1215,211,1311]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="Fig. 42. Photomicrograph of immature of Porrerus dominicanus Stange and Poinar (MACT-1282)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5388661" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5388661/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">figs. 42</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="131F2A14FFECFF87FD0A3945CFADFAD3" box="[662,692,1320,1344]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="39.[169,207,1570,1592]" captionTargetBox="[163,1108,213,1536]" captionTargetId="figure-58@39.[163,1111,210,1536]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="Fig. 43. Habitus of immature of Porrerus dominicanus Stange and Poinar (MACT-1282)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5388663" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5388663/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">43</figureCitation>
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), Miocene amber of
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<collectingCountry id="F3337601FFECFF87FC7B3945C9BAFAD3" box="[999,1187,1320,1344]" name="Dominican Republic" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">the Dominican</collectingCountry>
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Republic. The specimen is preserved along with a scelionid wasp, a mite, a beetle larva, and a collembolan.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33E651AFFECFF8AFD2C39F3CC48FCAA" lastPageId="40" lastPageNumber="41" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8B9B3691FFECFF84FD2C39F3CF99F99C" blockId="37.[662,1188,1056,1754]" lastBlockId="38.[128,654,1408,1551]" lastPageId="38" lastPageNumber="39" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
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COMMENTS: The specimen is clearly an immature of the tribe
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C244D12FFECFF87FC2D39D6C942FA40" box="[945,1115,1467,1491]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Myrmeleontini">Myrmeleontini</taxonomicName>
|
||
as is evidenced by the combination of elongate mandibles, elongate mandibular setae, sessile mesothoracic spiracle, presence of submedian teeth on S8, and absence of bladelike digging setae on S9. Immatures of myrmeleontines are relatively homogeneous and characters separating the genera are presently not well defined. For this reason, confident assignment of this specimen to any genus of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C244D12FFEFFF84FF1C39EDCC30FA0B" box="[128,297,1408,1432]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Myrmeleontini">Myrmeleontini</taxonomicName>
|
||
is tenuous but the presence of several adults of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C244D12FFEFFF84FEFB39F3CCD1FA25" authorityName="Navas" authorityYear="1913" box="[359,456,1438,1462]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Porrerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EA83FFEFFF84FEFB39F3CCD1FA25" box="[359,456,1438,1462]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Porrerus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see above) is suggestive that this may be an immature of the same species. We have therefore tentatively assigned this immature to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C244D12FFEFFF84FE52399ACF60F99C" box="[462,633,1527,1551]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Porrerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dominicanus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EA83FFEFFF84FE52399ACF60F99C" box="[462,633,1527,1551]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">P. dominicanus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF5B6619FFEFFF84FF0B392CC9BAFAC4" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5388661" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5388661" box="[151,1187,1345,1367]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5388661/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" startId="38.[151,189,1345,1367]" targetBox="[140,1215,211,1311]" targetPageId="38">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9B3691FFEFFF84FF0B392CC9BAFAC4" blockId="38.[151,1187,1345,1367]" box="[151,1187,1345,1367]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
|
||
Fig. 42. Photomicrograph of immature of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C244D12FFEFFF84FDFC392FC918FAC4" authority="Stange and Poinar" authorityName="Stange and Poinar" box="[608,1025,1345,1367]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Porrerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dominicanus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EA83FFEFFF84FDFC392FCE23FAC4" box="[608,826,1346,1367]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Porrerus dominicanus</emphasis>
|
||
Stange and Poinar
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(MACT-1282).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9B3691FFEFFF84FF4E3A54CF49F9DF" blockId="38.[210,592,1593,1612]" box="[210,592,1593,1612]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
|
||
FAMILY
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C244D12FFEFFF84FEAF3A54CF49F9DF" authority="RAMBUR" authorityName="RAMBUR" box="[307,592,1593,1612]" class="Insecta" family="Ascalaphidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">ASCALAPHIDAE RAMBUR</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9B3691FFEFFF84FF063A05CEBEF90C" blockId="38.[128,654,1640,1754]" lastBlockId="38.[701,1228,1408,1754]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
|
||
The owlflies, family
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C244D12FFEFFF84FE0F3A05CF37F913" box="[403,558,1640,1664]" class="Insecta" family="Ascalaphidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Ascalaphidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, consist of approximately 430 species. The family is most diverse in both xeric and mountainous regions of the subtropics or tropics. Owlflies species are frequently large and some groups appear to represent a conglomeration of features from other orders of insects, overall sharing a superficial habitus with dragonflies. Female ascalaphids lay eggs in clusters on twigs or grass stems. The first-instar larvae aggregate at twig apices into a defensive ring. The larvae eventually disperse to live solitarily in the litter or on trees where they are generalist predators.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9B3691FFEFFF85FD443AC8C9BAF949" blockId="38.[701,1228,1408,1754]" lastBlockId="39.[662,1188,1641,1754]" lastPageId="39" lastPageNumber="40" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
|
||
The geological record of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C244D12FFEFFF84FB8F3AC8C9B5F92E" box="[1043,1196,1701,1725]" class="Insecta" family="Ascalaphidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Ascalaphidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
is exceedingly sparse with four definitive ascalaphids previously proposed from Tertiary compression fossils in Europe and the Russian Far East, one species known only from the larva in Baltic amber, as well as one species dubiously assigned Lower Cretaceous fossil (table 9). Herein we describe the first adult ascalaphids in amber as well as larvae of two species of the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C244D12FFEEFF85FBA73AAFC985F949" box="[1083,1180,1730,1754]" class="Insecta" family="Ascalaphidae" genus="Ululodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EA83FFEEFF85FBA73AAFC985F949" box="[1083,1180,1730,1754]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Ululodes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF5B6619FFEEFF85FF353A4FC94AF9AB" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5388663" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5388663" box="[169,1107,1570,1592]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5388663/files/figure.png" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" startId="39.[169,207,1570,1592]" targetBox="[163,1108,213,1536]" targetPageId="39">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9B3691FFEEFF85FF353A4FC94AF9AB" blockId="39.[169,1107,1570,1592]" box="[169,1107,1570,1592]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
|
||
Fig. 43. Habitus of immature of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C244D12FFEEFF85FD933A4FCEA9F9AB" authority="Stange and Poinar" authorityName="Stange and Poinar" box="[527,944,1570,1592]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Porrerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dominicanus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EA83FFEEFF85FD933A4FCFF0F9A4" box="[527,745,1570,1591]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Porrerus dominicanus</emphasis>
|
||
Stange and Poinar
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(MACT-1282).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9B3691FFE1FF8AFDE43CBECE2DFF66" blockId="40.[535,820,211,258]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||
TABLE 9
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EA83FFE1FF8AFD8B3C81CE2DFF66" bold="true" box="[535,820,231,258]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||
Named Fossil
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C244D12FFE1FF8AFD3B3C81CE32FE91" box="[679,811,236,258]" class="Insecta" family="Ascalaphidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Ascalaphidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
<superScript id="7C519BD9FFE1FF8AFCB73C8ACE2DFF66" attach="left" box="[811,820,231,245]" fontSize="6" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">a</superScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9B3691FFE1FF8AFE8E3D47C94AFDB1" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<table id="F924C431FFE1005DFF1C3D47C997FDB0" box="[128,1166,298,547]" colsContinueFrom="21.[88,1152,324,839]" gridcols="3" gridrows="9" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<tr id="351434D3FFE1005DFF1C3D47C997FEAE" box="[128,1166,298,317]" gridrow="0" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<th id="76C55DAFFFE1005DFF1C3D47CCC8FEAE" box="[128,465,298,317]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Taxa</th>
|
||
<th id="76C55DAFFFE1005DFDBD3D47CE4CFEAE" box="[545,853,298,317]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Deposit</th>
|
||
<th id="76C55DAFFFE1005DFC103D47C997FEAE" box="[908,1166,298,317]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Reference</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="351434D3FFE1005DFF1C3D38C997FEFA" box="[128,1166,341,361]" gridrow="1" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<th id="76C55DAFFFE1005DFF1C3D38CCC8FEFA" box="[128,465,341,361]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C244D12FFE1FF8AFF1C3D3BCC7CFEFB" authority="ENGEL & GRIMALDI, 2007" authorityName="Engel & Grimaldi" authorityYear="2007" box="[128,357,341,361]" class="Insecta" family="Ascalaphidae" genus="Amoea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="electrodominicana" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EA83FFE1FF8AFF1C3D3BCC7CFEFB" box="[128,357,341,361]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||
Amoea
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EA83FFE1FF8AFF593D38CC7CFEFB" bold="true" box="[197,357,341,360]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">electrodominicana</emphasis>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26357F8FFE1FF8AFEF03D38CC81FEFB" box="[364,408,341,360]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" rank="species">n.sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="76C55DAFFFE1005DFDBD3D38CE4CFEFA" box="[545,853,341,361]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Dominican amber</td>
|
||
<td id="76C55DAFFFE1005DFC103D38C997FEFA" box="[908,1166,341,361]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Present study</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="351434D3FFE1005DFF1C3D1DC997FE10" box="[128,1166,368,387]" gridrow="2" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<th id="76C55DAFFFE1005DFF1C3D1DCCC8FE10" box="[128,465,368,387]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C244D12FFE1FF8AFF1C3D1DCC9FFE10" authority="Nel" authorityName="Nel" authorityYear="1991" box="[128,390,368,387]" class="Insecta" family="Ascalaphidae" genus="Ascaloptynx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oligocenicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EA83FFE1FF8AFF1C3D1DCC46FE10" box="[128,351,368,387]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Ascaloptynx oligocenicus</emphasis>
|
||
Nel
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="76C55DAFFFE1005DFDBD3D1DCE4CFE10" box="[545,853,368,387]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Oligocene, France</td>
|
||
<td id="76C55DAFFFE1005DFC103D1DC997FE10" box="[908,1166,368,387]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB54B60FFE1FF8AFC103D1DCEFCFE10" author="Nel, A." box="[908,997,368,387]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" pagination="327 - 349" refId="ref21648" refString="Nel, A. 1990 [1991]. Nouveaux insectes neuropteroides fossiles de l'Oligocene de France (Neuroptera et Megaloptera). Bulletin du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, serie 4, section C (Sciences de la Terre, Paleontologie, Geologie, Mineralogie) 12 (3 - 4): 327 - 349." type="journal article" year="1990">Nel, 1990</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="351434D3FFE1005DFF1C3DE6C997FE0D" box="[128,1166,395,414]" gridrow="3" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<th id="76C55DAFFFE1005DFF1C3DE6CCC8FE0D" box="[128,465,395,414]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C244D12FFE1FF8AFF1C3DE6CC4EFE0D" authority="(Hagen)" baseAuthorityName="Hagen" baseAuthorityYear="1858" box="[128,343,395,414]" class="Insecta" family="Ascalaphidae" genus="Borgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="proavus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EA83FFE1FF8AFF1C3DE6CC1FFE0D" box="[128,262,395,414]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Borgia proavus</emphasis>
|
||
(Hagen)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="76C55DAFFFE1005DFDBD3DE6CE4CFE0D" box="[545,853,395,414]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Oligocene, Germany</td>
|
||
<td id="76C55DAFFFE1005DFC103DE6C997FE0D" box="[908,1166,395,414]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB54B60FFE1FF8AFC103DE6C91BFE0D" author="Hagen, H. A." box="[908,1026,395,414]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" pagination="125 - 126" refId="ref19755" refString="Hagen, H. A. 1858. Ascalaphus proavus aus der rheinischen Braunkohle. Palaeontolographica 5: 125 - 126." type="journal article" year="1858">Hagen, 1858</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB54B60FFE1FF8AFB903DE6C964FE0D" author="Navas, L." box="[1036,1149,395,414]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" pagination="45 - 143" refId="ref21508" refString="Navas, L. 1913. Sinopsis de los Ascalafidos (Ins. Neur.). Arxius de l'Institut de Ciencias, Barcelona 1: 45 - 143." type="journal article" year="1913">Navás, 1913</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="351434D3FFE1005DFF1C3DC8C997FE2B" box="[128,1166,421,440]" gridrow="4" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<th id="76C55DAFFFE1005DFF1C3DC8CCC8FE2B" box="[128,465,421,440]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C244D12FFE1FF8AFF1C3DC8CC87FE2B" authority="Ren et al." box="[128,414,421,440]" class="Insecta" family="Mesochrysopidae" genus="Mesascalaphus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yangi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EA83FFE1FF8AFF1C3DC8CC25FE2B" box="[128,316,421,440]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Mesascalaphus yangi</emphasis>
|
||
Ren et al.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="76C55DAFFFE1005DFDBD3DC8CE4CFE2B" box="[545,853,421,440]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Late Jurassic, China</td>
|
||
<td id="76C55DAFFFE1005DFC103DC8C997FE2B" box="[908,1166,421,440]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB54B60FFE1FF8AFC103DC8C907FE2B" author="Ren, D. & L. Lu & Z. Guo & S. Ji" box="[908,1054,421,440]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" refId="ref22878" refString="Ren, D., L. Lu, Z. Guo, and S. Ji. 1995. Faunae and stratigraphy of Jurassic-Cretaceous in Beijing and the adjacent areas. Beijing: Geological Publishing House, vii + [1] + 222 pp. [In Chinese, with English summary]" type="book" year="1995">Ren et al., 1995</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="351434D3FFE1005DFF1C3DD6C997FE40" box="[128,1166,443,467]" gridrow="5" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<th id="76C55DAFFFE1005DFF1C3DD6CCC8FE40" box="[128,465,443,467]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C244D12FFE1FF8AFF1C3DADCC9DFE40" authority="MacLeod" authorityName="MacLeod" authorityYear="1971" box="[128,388,448,467]" class="Insecta" family="Ascalaphidae" genus="Neadelphus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="protae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EA83FFE1FF8AFF1C3DADCC3DFE40" box="[128,292,448,467]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Neadelphus protae</emphasis>
|
||
MacLeod
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
b
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="76C55DAFFFE1005DFDBD3DD6CE4CFE40" box="[545,853,443,467]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Baltic amber</td>
|
||
<td id="76C55DAFFFE1005DFC103DD6C997FE40" box="[908,1166,443,467]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB54B60FFE1FF8AFC103DADC905FE40" author="MacLeod, E. G." box="[908,1052,448,467]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" pagination="147 - 180" refId="ref20581" refString="MacLeod, E. G. 1970. The Neuroptera of the Baltic amber. I. Ascalaphidae, Nymphidae, and Psychopsidae. Psyche 77: 147 - 180." type="journal article" year="1970">MacLeod, 1970</bibRefCitation>
|
||
[larva]
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="351434D3FFE1005DFF1C3DB7C997FE7E" box="[128,1166,474,493]" gridrow="6" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<th id="76C55DAFFFE1005DFF1C3DB7CCC8FE7E" box="[128,465,474,493]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C244D12FFE1FF8AFF1C3DB7CCC8FE7E" authority="Markarkin" box="[128,465,474,493]" class="Insecta" family="Ascalaphidae" genus="Prosuhpalacsa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="biamoensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EA83FFE1FF8AFF1C3DB7CC7FFE7E" box="[128,358,474,493]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Prosuhpalacsa biamoensis</emphasis>
|
||
Markarkin
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="76C55DAFFFE1005DFDBD3DB7CE4CFE7E" box="[545,853,474,493]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Oligo-Miocene, Russian Far East</td>
|
||
<td id="76C55DAFFFE1005DFC103DB7C997FE7E" box="[908,1166,474,493]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB54B60FFE1FF8AFC103DB7C906FE7E" author="Makarkin, V. N." box="[908,1055,474,493]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" pagination="77 - 83" refId="ref20755" refString="Makarkin, V. N. 1998. New Tertiary Neuroptera (Insecta) from the Russian Far East. Tertiary Research 18 (3 - 4): 77 - 83." type="journal article" year="1998">Makarkin, 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="351434D3FFE1005DFF1C3D98C997FD9B" box="[128,1166,501,520]" gridrow="7" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<th id="76C55DAFFFE1005DFF1C3D98CCC8FD9B" box="[128,465,501,520]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C244D12FFE1FF8AFF1C3D98CC99FD9B" authority="(Oustalet)" baseAuthorityName="Oustalet" baseAuthorityYear="1870" box="[128,384,501,520]" class="Insecta" family="Ascalaphidae" genus="Ricartus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="edwardsi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EA83FFE1FF8AFF1C3D98CC07FD9B" box="[128,286,501,520]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Ricartus edwardsi</emphasis>
|
||
(Oustalet)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="76C55DAFFFE1005DFDBD3D98CE4CFD9B" box="[545,853,501,520]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Oligocene, France</td>
|
||
<td id="76C55DAFFFE1005DFC103D98C997FD9B" box="[908,1166,501,520]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB54B60FFE1FF8AFC103D98C90BFD9B" author="Oustalet, E." box="[908,1042,501,520]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" pagination="1 - 178" refId="ref22208" refString="Oustalet, E. 1870. Recherches sur les insectes fossiles des terrains tertiaires de la France, premiere partie. Insectes fossiles de l'Auvergne. Annales des Sciences Geologiques 2: 1 - 178." type="journal article" year="1870">Oustalet, 1870</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB54B60FFE1FF8AFB803D98C997FD9B" author="Navas, L." box="[1052,1166,501,520]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" pagination="45 - 143" refId="ref21508" refString="Navas, L. 1913. Sinopsis de los Ascalafidos (Ins. Neur.). Arxius de l'Institut de Ciencias, Barcelona 1: 45 - 143." type="journal article" year="1913">Navás, 1913</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="351434D3FFE1005DFF1C3E66C997FDB0" box="[128,1166,523,547]" gridrow="8" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<th id="76C55DAFFFE1005DFF1C3E66CCC8FDB0" box="[128,465,523,547]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C244D12FFE1FF8AFF1C3E7DCC36FDB1" authority="ENGEL & GRIMALDI, 2007" authorityName="ENGEL & GRIMALDI" authorityYear="2007" box="[128,303,527,547]" class="Insecta" family="Ascalaphidae" genus="Ululodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paleonesia" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EA83FFE1FF8AFF1C3E7DCC36FDB1" box="[128,303,527,547]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||
Ululodes
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EA83FFE1FF8AFF483E62CC36FDB1" bold="true" box="[212,303,527,546]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">paleonesia</emphasis>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26357F8FFE1FF8AFEAA3E62CC7BFDB1" box="[310,354,527,546]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" rank="species">n.sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
b
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="76C55DAFFFE1005DFDBD3E66CE4CFDB0" box="[545,853,523,547]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Dominican amber</td>
|
||
<td id="76C55DAFFFE1005DFC103E66C997FDB0" box="[908,1166,523,547]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Present study [+larva]</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<tableNote id="76C2371FFFE1FF8AFF093E58C990FD12" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" targetBox="[128,1166,298,547]" targetPageId="40">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9B3691FFE1FF8AFF093E58CFA8FDF5" blockId="40.[128,1228,565,641]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<superScript id="7C519BD9FFE1FF8AFF093E58CD84FDD2" attach="right" box="[149,157,565,577]" fontSize="5" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">a</superScript>
|
||
The Early Cretaceous fossil
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C244D12FFE1FF8AFE2C3E54C918FDDF" authority="Martins-Neto and Vulcano (1989 a)" authorityName="Martins-Neto and Vulcano" authorityYear="1989" box="[432,1025,569,588]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Cratopteryx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="robertosantosi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EA83FFE1FF8AFE2C3E54CFBEFDDF" box="[432,679,569,588]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Cratopteryx robertosantosi</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB54B60FFE1FF8AFD2D3E54C918FDDF" author="Martins-Neto, R. G. & M. A. Vulcano" box="[689,1025,569,588]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" pagination="311 - 318" refId="ref20994" refString="Martins-Neto, R. G., and M. A. Vulcano. 1989 a. Neuropteros (Insecta, Planipennia) da Formacao Santana (Cretaceo Inferior), Bacia do Araripe, nordeste do Brasil. 4. Complemento as partes 1 e 2, com descricao de novos taxa. Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciencias 61 (3): 311 - 318." type="journal article" year="1989">Martins-Neto and Vulcano (1989a)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is only questionably assigned to the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C244D12FFE1FF8AFE933E3ECC91FDF5" box="[271,392,595,614]" class="Insecta" family="Ascalaphidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Ascalaphidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
and is therefore not listed here.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9B3691FFE1FF8AFF093E04C990FD12" blockId="40.[128,1228,565,641]" box="[149,1161,617,641]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<superScript id="7C519BD9FFE1FF8AFF093E04CD87FDE5" attach="right" box="[149,158,617,630]" fontSize="5" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">b</superScript>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C244D12FFE1FF8AFF013E03CC1AFD12" box="[157,259,622,641]" class="Insecta" family="Ascalaphidae" genus="Neadelphus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EA83FFE1FF8AFF013E03CC1AFD12" box="[157,259,622,641]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Neadelphus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is known only from the larva whereas
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C244D12FFE1FF8AFDF23E03CE04FD12" authorityName="ENGEL & GRIMALDI" authorityYear="2007" box="[622,797,622,641]" class="Insecta" family="Ascalaphidae" genus="Ululodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paleonesia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EA83FFE1FF8AFDF23E03CE04FD12" box="[622,797,622,641]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Ululodes paleonesia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is known from both adults and larvae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</tableNote>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9B3691FFE1FF8AFF1C3EC1CC48FCAA" blockId="40.[128,654,684,825]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||
Interestingly, the fossil species are representative of two of the three known subfamilies:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C244D12FFE1FF8AFF1C3E8BCC01FD6D" authorityName="Lefebvre" authorityYear="1842" box="[128,280,742,766]" class="Insecta" family="Ascalaphidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Ascalaphinae">Ascalaphinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C244D12FFE1FF8AFEB33E8ACF16FD6C" authority="ENGEL & GRIMALDI, 2007" authorityName="ENGEL & GRIMALDI" authorityYear="2007" box="[303,527,743,767]" class="Insecta" family="Ascalaphidae" genus="Ululodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paleonesia" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EA83FFE1FF8AFEB33E8ACF16FD6C" box="[303,527,743,767]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Ululodes paleonesia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26357F8FFE1FF8AFDB93E8BCDB3FC8F" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C244D12FFE1FF8AFF723F69CC82FC8F" baseAuthorityName="Newmann" baseAuthorityYear="1853" box="[238,411,772,796]" class="Insecta" family="Ascalaphidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Haplogleniinae">Haplogleniinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C244D12FFE1FF8AFE313F69CDB4FCAA" authority="ENGEL & GRIMALDI, 2007" authorityName="ENGEL & GRIMALDI" authorityYear="2007" class="Insecta" family="Ascalaphidae" genus="Amoea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="electrodominica" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EA83FFE1FF8AFE313F69CDB4FCAA" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Amoea electrodominica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26357F8FFE1FF8AFF213F4CCC5CFCAA" box="[189,325,801,825]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |