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<document ID-DOI="10.2113/gsrocky.37.2.237" ID-GBIF-Dataset="41bd81a8-8d16-41cb-950f-8fab1660f845" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3943081" approvalRequired="5" approvalRequired_for_document="1" approvalRequired_for_illustrations="1" approvalRequired_for_taxonomicNames="3" checkinTime="1594481635270" checkinUser="jeremy" docAuthor="Kenneth Carpenter &amp; D. Bruce Young" docDate="2002" docId="038D8781B568FF9BFBCE6860F773AE43" docLanguage="en" docName="CarpenterYoung2002ABBYY14.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Rocky Mountain Geology 37" docStyle="DocumentStyle{}" docTitle="Triceratops horridus Marsh 1889" docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="247" masterDocId="FFB4FFF9B562FF91FFE46D07FFD6A911" masterDocTitle="Late Cretaceous dinosaurs from the Denver Basin, Colorado" masterLastPageNumber="254" masterPageNumber="237" pageNumber="247" updateTime="1663156125279" updateUser="valdenar">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Late Cretaceous dinosaurs from the Denver Basin, Colorado</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Kenneth Carpenter</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Earth Sciences, Denver Museum of Nature &amp; Science, 2001 Colorado Boulevard, Denver, CO 80205, U. S. A.</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>D. Bruce Young</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Earth Sciences, Denver Museum of Nature &amp; Science, 2001 Colorado Boulevard, Denver, CO 80205, U. S. A.</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Rocky Mountain Geology</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2002</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>37</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>237</mods:start>
<mods:end>254</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.2113/gsrocky.37.2.237</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">41bd81a8-8d16-41cb-950f-8fab1660f845</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">3943081</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4332671" ID-GBIF-Taxon="165074932" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4332671" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038D8781B568FF9BFBCE6860F773AE43" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038D8781B568FF9BFBCE6860F773AE43" lastPageNumber="247" pageId="10" pageNumber="247">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="247">
<subSubSection box="[1066,1490,1383,1419]" pageId="10" pageNumber="247" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph blockId="10.[957,1600,1381,1822]" box="[1066,1490,1383,1419]" pageId="10" pageNumber="247">
<heading bold="true" box="[1066,1490,1383,1419]" centered="true" fontSize="12" level="8" pageId="10" pageNumber="247" reason="4">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Marsh" authorityYear="1889" baseAuthorityName="Marsh" baseAuthorityYear="1889" box="[1066,1490,1383,1419]" class="Reptilia" family="Ceratopsidae" genus="Triceratops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="10" pageNumber="247" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="horridus">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1066,1490,1383,1419]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="247">Triceratops horridus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection box="[1122,1430,1432,1470]" pageId="10" pageNumber="247" type="description">
<paragraph blockId="10.[957,1600,1381,1822]" box="[1122,1430,1432,1470]" pageId="10" pageNumber="247">
<heading bold="true" box="[1122,1430,1432,1470]" centered="true" fontSize="12" level="8" pageId="10" pageNumber="247" reason="4">
<figureCitation box="[1122,1293,1432,1470]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="5.[1363,1498,1798,1830]" captionTargetBox="[1402,2390,2259,3000]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 9, below. First complete skull of Triceratops from Colorado (uncata­ loged). It was found with partial skeleton in Laramie Forma­ tion. See Figure 10 for prepared speci­ men." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3943103" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3943103/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="247">Figures 9</figureCitation>
and
<figureCitation box="[1391,1430,1432,1470]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="5.[371,495,2774,2806]" captionTargetBox="[395,1338,1631,2754]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 10. Fossils of Triceratops horridus from Laramie Formation after preparation (uncataloged; Weld County Court House). Skull in right lateral view (A), mid-caudal vertebrae in left lateral view (B), left pubis (C), and right partial ischium (D). Scale bars = 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3943105" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3943105/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="247">10</figureCitation>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="10" pageNumber="247" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph blockId="10.[957,1600,1381,1822]" lastBlockId="10.[1645,2291,276,1874]" pageId="10" pageNumber="247">Material.— Currently uncataloged (formerly UCM 41777) skull, right dentary, 2 dorsal vertebrae, rib fragments, 10 caudal vertebrae, both ischia, left pubis(Laramie Formation, Loc. 4); and UCM 38473 nasal horn core, partial vertebrae, left humerus, right coracoid, scapula fragment, phalanges, brow horn core fragment, rib fragments (Laramie Formation, somewhere near Loc. 4).</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</emphasis>
<subSubSection pageId="10" pageNumber="247" type="description">
<paragraph blockId="10.[1645,2291,276,1874]" pageId="10" pageNumber="247">
<emphasis box="[1721,2216,579,617]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="247">Description and discussion.</emphasis>
—A nearly complete skull is on display at the Weld
<emphasis box="[2010,2155,680,718]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="247">County</emphasis>
Court House in Greeley, Colorado. It was found resting on its right side (
<figureCitation box="[1662,1780,831,869]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="5.[1363,1498,1798,1830]" captionTargetBox="[1402,2390,2259,3000]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 9, below. First complete skull of Triceratops from Colorado (uncata­ loged). It was found with partial skeleton in Laramie Forma­ tion. See Figure 10 for prepared speci­ men." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3943103" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3943103/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="247">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
) in overbank deposits of the Laramie Formation. The skull is about 1.5 meters long, with an orbit 11.25 cm long anteroposteriorly and 15 cm vertically; the longest horn measures 45 cm. The frill is incomplete and is restored in plaster (
<figureCitation box="[1880,2056,1182,1220]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="5.[371,495,2774,2806]" captionTargetBox="[395,1338,1631,2754]" captionText="Figure 10. Fossils of Triceratops horridus from Laramie Formation after preparation (uncataloged; Weld County Court House). Skull in right lateral view (A), mid-caudal vertebrae in left lateral view (B), left pubis (C), and right partial ischium (D). Scale bars = 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3943105" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3943105/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="247">
Fig. 10
<emphasis box="[2021,2056,1182,1220]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="247">A</emphasis>
</figureCitation>
). The skull has the elongated rostrum and anteriorly curved horns characteristic of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Marsh" authorityYear="1889" baseAuthorityName="Marsh" baseAuthorityYear="1889" box="[1836,2032,1335,1373]" class="Reptilia" family="Ceratopsidae" genus="Triceratops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="10" pageNumber="247" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="horridus">
<emphasis box="[1836,2032,1335,1373]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="247">T. horridus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as defined by
<bibRefCitation author="Forster" box="[1646,1924,1384,1422]" firstAuthor="Forster" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology" pageId="10" pageNumber="247" pagination="259 - 270" part="16" refId="ref10143" refString="Forster, C. A., 1996, Species resolution in Triceratops-. Cladistic and morphometric approaches: Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, v. 16, p. 259 - 270." title="Species resolution in Triceratops-. Cladistic and morphometric approaches" type="journal article" year="1996">
<emphasis box="[1646,1781,1384,1422]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="247">Forster</emphasis>
(1996)
</bibRefCitation>
. Postcranial material includes a few dorsals and mid-caudals (
<figureCitation box="[1915,2083,1485,1523]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="5.[371,495,2774,2806]" captionTargetBox="[395,1338,1631,2754]" captionText="Figure 10. Fossils of Triceratops horridus from Laramie Formation after preparation (uncataloged; Weld County Court House). Skull in right lateral view (A), mid-caudal vertebrae in left lateral view (B), left pubis (C), and right partial ischium (D). Scale bars = 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3943105" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3943105/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="247">Fig. 10B</figureCitation>
), rib fragments, and left pubis and partial ischium (
<figureCitation box="[1832,2051,1585,1623]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="5.[371,495,2774,2806]" captionTargetBox="[395,1338,1631,2754]" captionText="Figure 10. Fossils of Triceratops horridus from Laramie Formation after preparation (uncataloged; Weld County Court House). Skull in right lateral view (A), mid-caudal vertebrae in left lateral view (B), left pubis (C), and right partial ischium (D). Scale bars = 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3943105" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3943105/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="247">
Fig. 10
<emphasis box="[1963,1992,1585,1623]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="247">C</emphasis>
,
<emphasis box="[2012,2051,1585,1623]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="247">D</emphasis>
</figureCitation>
). Two of the caudals are pathologically co-ossified. Despite the relatively small size of the skull, the animal is an adult as indicated by fusion ofthe neural arches to their centra.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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