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<document id="A651CEA7FA899994C67C6F66D3323124" ID-CLB-Dataset="28347" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4567.3.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="47813581-d217-4a19-8848-a3e9cf2ddaf4" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="2598945" ID-ZooBank="0AEFAF80-B001-4A18-88AC-5B6A189F6DCD" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1553062614686" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Staples, David A." docDate="2019" docId="03895C3329334F24FF01FC92FE54FEBD" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4567.3.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4567 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Pycnogonum sentus Staples 2019, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="435" masterDocId="FFB0244B29114F07FF96FFB2FF80FFFD" masterDocTitle="Pycnogonids (Arthropoda, Pycnogonida) from the Southwest Indian Ridge" masterLastPageNumber="449" masterPageNumber="401" pageNumber="435" updateTime="1698701998649" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="B9CF84F5F9CB31E942C5C77A29AB11C9">Pycnogonids (Arthropoda, Pycnogonida) from the Southwest Indian Ridge</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="A4899F28D68F6392F1B215BCB9A78782">Staples, David A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="D371E551D736C464B30C07EBA9EC5839">2019</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="33F271C2CFF8A38C20B8E610EF341A39">2019-03-18</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="48823D582CDECE7A42737E9BAA0B96BB" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4567.3.1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03895C3329334F24FF01FC92FE54FEBD" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5944912" ID-GBIF-Taxon="154435120" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5944912" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03895C3329334F24FF01FC92FE54FEBD" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03895C3329334F24FF01FC92FE54FEBD" lastPageId="35" lastPageNumber="435" pageId="34" pageNumber="435">
<subSubSection id="C33ABEAE29334F25FF01FC92FE6FFCC7" box="[151,495,800,826]" pageId="34" pageNumber="435" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B9FED2529334F25FF01FC92FE6FFCC7" blockId="34.[151,495,800,860]" box="[151,495,800,826]" pageId="34" pageNumber="435">
<heading id="D0D75A4929334F25FF01FC92FE6FFCC7" bold="true" box="[151,495,800,826]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="34" pageNumber="435" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B954313729334F25FF01FC92FE6FFCC7" bold="true" box="[151,495,800,826]" pageId="34" pageNumber="435">
<taxonomicName id="4C2096A629334F25FF01FC92FE09FCC7" ID-CoL="c43a3f60-2f4e-4bfe-b64b-ee174734a086" authority="Staples, 2019" authorityName="Staples" authorityYear="2019" box="[151,393,800,826]" class="Pycnogonida" family="Pycnogonidae" genus="Pycnogonum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pantopoda" pageId="34" pageNumber="435" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sentus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B954313729334F25FF01FC92FE09FCC7" bold="true" box="[151,393,800,826]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="435">Pycnogonum sentus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2678C4C29334F25FE04FC92FE6FFCC7" box="[402,495,800,826]" pageId="34" pageNumber="435" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33ABEAE29334F25FF01FCF1FE4AFCA6" box="[151,458,835,860]" pageId="34" pageNumber="435" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B9FED2529334F25FF01FCF1FE4AFCA6" blockId="34.[151,495,800,860]" box="[151,458,835,860]" pageId="34" pageNumber="435">
<figureCitation id="131BF1A029334F25FF01FCF1FE81FCA6" box="[151,257,835,860]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="35.[151,250,1978,2000]" captionTargetBox="[155,1370,406,1872]" captionTargetId="figure@35.[151,1435,375,1956]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="FIGURE 17. Pycnogonum sentus sp. nov., holotype. A, trunk, lateral view; B, trunk, dorsal view; C, first tibia, lateral view; D, cephalon, ventral view; E, oviger; F, abdomen, ventral view; G, third leg; H, tarsus &amp; propodus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2598977/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="435">Figure 17</figureCitation>
AH;
<figureCitation id="131BF1A029334F25FEDEFCF1FE4AFCA6" box="[328,458,835,860]" captionStart="PLATE 6" captionStartId="45.[151,234,1740,1762]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1718]" captionTargetId="figure@45.[151,1436,193,1718]" captionTargetPageId="45" captionText="PLATE 6. Pycnogonum (Retroviger?) sentus sp. nov., holotype. A, trunk, lateral view; B, trunk, dorsal view. Pycnogonum copleyi sp. nov., holotype. C, trunk, lateral view; D, trunk, dorsal view; E, leg 3. Pycnogonum cheni sp. nov., holotype, male. F, trunk lateral; G, trunk dorsal; H, third leg." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2598999/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="435">Plate 6A, B</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33ABEAE29334F25FF01FC39FBEDFC3A" pageId="34" pageNumber="435" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B9FED2529334F25FF01FC39FBEDFC3A" blockId="34.[151,1437,907,2017]" pageId="34" pageNumber="435">
<emphasis id="B954313729334F25FF01FC39FEFBFC59" bold="true" box="[151,379,907,932]" pageId="34" pageNumber="435">Material examined</emphasis>
.
<materialsCitation id="3B48E77829334F25FE1CFC39FBEDFC3A" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2013824396" collectingDate="2011-11-20" collectionCode="NHMUK" elevation="702" latitude="-41.357666" pageId="34" pageNumber="435" specimenCode="NHMUK 2018.45" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="549B538729334F25FE1CFC39FE75FC59" box="[394,501,907,932]" pageId="34" pageNumber="435" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
, male (
<specimenCode id="DB86455E29334F25FDDFFC39FC9DFC59" box="[585,797,907,932]" collectionCode="NHMUK" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="34" pageNumber="435" type="Museum">NHMUK 2018.45</specimenCode>
), Southwest Indian Ocean, Coral Seamount,
<geoCoordinate id="EE148BE229334F25FA8BFC39FA18FC59" box="[1309,1432,907,932]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="34" pageNumber="435" precision="9" value="-41.357666">41°21.46'S</geoCoordinate>
, 42˚54.53'E, ROV,
<quantity id="4CD840C029334F25FEF3FC1DFE2EFC3A" box="[357,430,943,967]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.02" pageId="34" pageNumber="435" unit="m" value="702.0">
<elevation id="000D0A1629334F25FEF3FC1DFE2EFC3A" box="[357,430,943,967]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.02" pageId="34" pageNumber="435" unit="m" value="702.0">702 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, specimen JC066-3447, amongst sortings,
<date id="FF9ECBE529334F25FC18FC1DFBE9FC3A" box="[910,1129,942,967]" pageId="34" pageNumber="435" value="2011-11-20">
<collectingDate id="EFDA320D29334F25FC18FC1DFBE9FC3A" box="[910,1129,942,967]" pageId="34" pageNumber="435" value="2011-11-20">20 November 2011</collectingDate>
</date>
.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33ABEAE29334F25FF51FC61FB28F888" pageId="34" pageNumber="435" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B9FED2529334F25FF51FC61FEFCFAD2" blockId="34.[151,1437,907,2017]" pageId="34" pageNumber="435">
<emphasis id="B954313729334F25FF51FC61FED9FC11" bold="true" box="[199,345,979,1004]" pageId="34" pageNumber="435">Description.</emphasis>
Male
<typeStatus id="549B538729334F25FE08FC61FD84FC11" box="[414,516,979,1004]" pageId="34" pageNumber="435" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
. Trunk (
<figureCitation id="131BF1A029334F25FDC9FC61FD66FC16" box="[607,742,979,1004]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="35.[151,250,1978,2000]" captionTargetBox="[155,1370,406,1872]" captionTargetId="figure@35.[151,1435,375,1956]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="FIGURE 17. Pycnogonum sentus sp. nov., holotype. A, trunk, lateral view; B, trunk, dorsal view; C, first tibia, lateral view; D, cephalon, ventral view; E, oviger; F, abdomen, ventral view; G, third leg; H, tarsus &amp; propodus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2598977/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="435">Fig. 17A, B</figureCitation>
.
<figureCitation id="131BF1A029334F25FD67FC61FCF2FC16" box="[753,882,979,1004]" captionStart="PLATE 6" captionStartId="45.[151,234,1740,1762]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1718]" captionTargetId="figure@45.[151,1436,193,1718]" captionTargetPageId="45" captionText="PLATE 6. Pycnogonum (Retroviger?) sentus sp. nov., holotype. A, trunk, lateral view; B, trunk, dorsal view. Pycnogonum copleyi sp. nov., holotype. C, trunk, lateral view; D, trunk, dorsal view; E, leg 3. Pycnogonum cheni sp. nov., holotype, male. F, trunk lateral; G, trunk dorsal; H, third leg." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2598999/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="435">Plate 6A, B</figureCitation>
) segmented, dorsal surfaces granular, very coarse along trunk midline, lateral processes and legs, body surface interspaced with fine spinules, posterior margin of trunk segments 1, 2 and 3 form a raised transverse rim, dorso-median mounds varying from being rounded on segment 1 to being progressively more conical on segments 2 and 3, segment 4 with a single, small, conical median tubercle, cephalon with granulose mound immediately behind ocular tubercle, reaching to approximately half height of ocular tubercle (
<figureCitation id="131BF1A029334F25FE28FB34FDA7FB62" box="[446,551,1158,1183]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="35.[151,250,1978,2000]" captionTargetBox="[155,1370,406,1872]" captionTargetId="figure@35.[151,1435,375,1956]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="FIGURE 17. Pycnogonum sentus sp. nov., holotype. A, trunk, lateral view; B, trunk, dorsal view; C, first tibia, lateral view; D, cephalon, ventral view; E, oviger; F, abdomen, ventral view; G, third leg; H, tarsus &amp; propodus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2598977/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="435">Fig. 17A</figureCitation>
); lateral processes narrowly separated at bases, diverging distally, each lateral process shorter than width at base, well-developed dorsodistal, tuberculose mounds on lateral processes 2 to 4, first lateral processes granulose distally but without prominent mound. Ocular tubercle on anterior margin of cephalon, wider than tall, dorsal surface flat in lateral view with small anterior papillose tubercle; four eyes unpigmented in preserved specimen.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9FED2529334F25FF51FA89FBB4FA8A" blockId="34.[151,1437,907,2017]" pageId="34" pageNumber="435">
Proboscis almost half trunk length, evenly tapered from base to rounded tip, without prominences or tubercles, supposed oral glands (see
<bibRefCitation id="EFB190D429334F25FE2BFAECFDCEFA8A" author="Staples, D. A." box="[445,590,1374,1399]" pageId="34" pageNumber="435" pagination="541 - 553" refId="ref28918" refString="Staples, D. A. (2002) Pycnogonum (Pycnogonida: Pycnogonidae) from Australia with descriptions of two new species. Memoirs of the Museum of Fictoria, 59 (2), 541 - 553." type="journal article" year="2002">Staples 2002</bibRefCitation>
) present, jaws tri-radiate, slightly recessed.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9FED2529334F25FF51FA31FBC1FA19" blockId="34.[151,1437,907,2017]" pageId="34" pageNumber="435">
Abdomen (
<figureCitation id="131BF1A029334F25FEDEFA31FE2DFA66" box="[328,429,1411,1436]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="35.[151,250,1978,2000]" captionTargetBox="[155,1370,406,1872]" captionTargetId="figure@35.[151,1435,375,1956]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="FIGURE 17. Pycnogonum sentus sp. nov., holotype. A, trunk, lateral view; B, trunk, dorsal view; C, first tibia, lateral view; D, cephalon, ventral view; E, oviger; F, abdomen, ventral view; G, third leg; H, tarsus &amp; propodus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2598977/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="435">Fig. 17F</figureCitation>
) unarticulated at base, reaching to about end of coxa 2, width about one-third length, carried almost horizontally, with prominent broad, granular, almost keel-like process over-reaching distal margin giving the impression that the abdomen tapers to a fine point when viewed dorsally.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9FED2529334F25FF51FA5CFB48F9D1" blockId="34.[151,1437,907,2017]" pageId="34" pageNumber="435">
Oviger (
<figureCitation id="131BF1A029334F25FEBAFA5CFE16F9FA" box="[300,406,1518,1543]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="35.[151,250,1978,2000]" captionTargetBox="[155,1370,406,1872]" captionTargetId="figure@35.[151,1435,375,1956]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="FIGURE 17. Pycnogonum sentus sp. nov., holotype. A, trunk, lateral view; B, trunk, dorsal view; C, first tibia, lateral view; D, cephalon, ventral view; E, oviger; F, abdomen, ventral view; G, third leg; H, tarsus &amp; propodus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2598977/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="435">Fig. 17E</figureCitation>
) segmentation incomplete and indistinct, possibly 2 to 4 segmented at this stage of development with perhaps a terminal claw, two spines present on distal margin of first segment.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9FED2529334F25FF51F984FBDCF922" blockId="34.[151,1437,907,2017]" pageId="34" pageNumber="435">
Third leg (
<figureCitation id="131BF1A029334F25FED4F984FE29F9B2" box="[322,425,1590,1615]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="35.[151,250,1978,2000]" captionTargetBox="[155,1370,406,1872]" captionTargetId="figure@35.[151,1435,375,1956]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="FIGURE 17. Pycnogonum sentus sp. nov., holotype. A, trunk, lateral view; B, trunk, dorsal view; C, first tibia, lateral view; D, cephalon, ventral view; E, oviger; F, abdomen, ventral view; G, third leg; H, tarsus &amp; propodus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2598977/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="435">Fig. 17G</figureCitation>
) robust, ecdysial line not evident, dorsal surfaces distinctly granular, coxa 2 longer than coxae 1 and 3, femur and tibiae each with single long, fine, dorsodistal seta, femur longer than either tibia, tibia 1 longer than tibia 2, ventral surfaces of tibia 2 and tarsus with dense field of spines; propodus gently curved, no hint of heel, propodal sole with about eighteen slender spines, length of claw about 40% of propodus length, auxiliary claws absent. Gonopores not evident. Coxal pellicula (
<emphasis id="B954313729334F25FD6DF974FCA9F922" box="[763,809,1734,1759]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="435">vide</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFB190D429334F25FCA6F974FC49F922" author="Staples, D. A." box="[816,969,1734,1759]" pageId="34" pageNumber="435" pagination="79 - 94" refId="ref28958" refString="Staples, D. A. (2007) A new species of Colossendeis (Pycnogonida: Colossendeidae) together with records from Australian and New Zealand waters. Memoirs of Museum Fictoria, 64, 79 - 94." type="journal article" year="2007">Staples, 2007</bibRefCitation>
) not evident.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9FED2529334F25FF51F95CFB28F888" blockId="34.[151,1437,907,2017]" pageId="34" pageNumber="435">
Measurements of
<typeStatus id="549B538729334F25FE19F95FFE71F8FB" box="[399,497,1773,1798]" pageId="34" pageNumber="435" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
(mm).Trunk length (frontal margin of cephalic segment to tip of 4
<superScript id="7C55406D29334F25FB4EF958FB64F905" attach="left" box="[1240,1252,1770,1784]" fontSize="6" pageId="34" pageNumber="435">th</superScript>
lateral process), 3.152; width across 2
<superScript id="7C55406D29334F25FE1AF8A3FE1CF8E2" attach="left" box="[396,412,1809,1823]" fontSize="6" pageId="34" pageNumber="435">nd</superScript>
lateral processes, 1.640; proboscis length (ventral), 1.680; proboscis width at base 0.784; proboscis width at tip, 0.320; abdomen length (dorsal), 0.944. Third leg: coxa 1, 0.320; coxa 2, 0.416; coxa 3, 0.320; femur,1.112; tibia 1, 0.976; tibia 2, 0.824; tarsus, 0.200; propodus, 0.800; claw, 0.312.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33ABEAE29334F25FF51F832FB04F864" box="[199,1156,1920,1945]" pageId="34" pageNumber="435" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8B9FED2529334F25FF51F832FB04F864" blockId="34.[151,1437,907,2017]" box="[199,1156,1920,1945]" pageId="34" pageNumber="435">
<emphasis id="B954313729334F25FF51F832FECEF864" bold="true" box="[199,334,1920,1945]" pageId="34" pageNumber="435">Etymology.</emphasis>
From the Latin
<taxonomicName id="4C2096A629334F25FD95F833FDC9F865" authorityName="Staples" authorityYear="2019" box="[515,585,1921,1944]" class="Pycnogonida" family="Pycnogonidae" genus="Pycnogonum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pantopoda" pageId="34" pageNumber="435" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sentus">
<emphasis id="B954313729334F25FD95F833FDC9F865" box="[515,585,1921,1944]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="435">sentus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(rough), referring to the rough or granular surface.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33ABEAE29334F24FF51F816FE54FEBD" lastPageId="35" lastPageNumber="436" pageId="34" pageNumber="435" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B9FED2529334F24FF51F816FE54FEBD" blockId="34.[151,1437,907,2017]" lastBlockId="35.[151,1436,151,320]" lastPageId="35" lastPageNumber="436" pageId="34" pageNumber="435">
<emphasis id="B954313729334F25FF51F816FEBBF840" bold="true" box="[199,315,1956,1981]" pageId="34" pageNumber="435">Remarks.</emphasis>
Although this specimen is not fully mature, the species-determinate characters are sufficiently distinct to identify the species subsequently. Using
<bibRefCitation id="EFB190D429334F25FD67F87AFC26F81C" author="Stock, J. H." box="[753,934,1992,2017]" pageId="34" pageNumber="435" pagination="385 - 406" refId="ref29163" refString="Stock, J. H. (1966 b) 4. Pycnogonida. Campagne de la Calypso au large des cotes atlantiques, de l'Amerique du sud (1961 - 62). Resultats Scientifiques de la Campagne de la Calypso 7. In: Annales de l'Institut Oceanographique, Monaco, 44, 385 - 406." type="journal article" year="1966">Stocks (1966b)</bibRefCitation>
key to this genus, the new species can be followed to couplet 22b where it keys out with
<taxonomicName id="4C2096A629324F24FD23FF2BFC1EFF4D" authority="Slater, 1879" authorityName="Slater" authorityYear="1879" box="[693,926,151,176]" class="Pycnogonida" family="Pycnogonidae" genus="Pycnogonum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pantopoda" pageId="35" pageNumber="436" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tenue">
<emphasis id="B954313729324F24FD23FF2BFC8FFF4D" box="[693,783,153,176]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="436">P. tenue</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFB190D429324F24FC80FF25FC1EFF4D" author="Slater, H. H." box="[790,926,151,176]" pageId="35" pageNumber="436" pagination="281 - 283" refId="ref28864" refString="Slater, H. H. (1879) On a new genus of Pycnogon and a variety of Pycnogonum littorale from Japan. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 5, 3, (16), 281 - 283. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222937908562400" type="journal article" year="1879">Slater, 1879</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
but from which it differs significantly in the shape of the proboscis. The less compact
<taxonomicName id="4C2096A629324F24FD15FF0FFC15FF29" authority="Stock, 1974" authorityName="Stock" authorityYear="1974" box="[643,917,188,213]" class="Pycnogonida" family="Pycnogonidae" genus="Pycnogonum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pantopoda" pageId="35" pageNumber="436" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="guyanae">
<emphasis id="B954313729324F24FD15FF0FFC81FF29" box="[643,769,189,212]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="436">P. guyanae</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFB190D429324F24FC9DFF0EFC15FF29" author="Stock, J. H." box="[779,917,188,213]" pageId="35" pageNumber="436" pagination="957 - 1092" refId="ref29300" refString="Stock, J. H. (1974) Pycnogonida from the continental shelf, slope, and deep-sea of the tropical Atlantic and East Pacific. Biological Results of the University of Miami Deep-Sea Expeditions, 108. Bulletin of Marine Science, 24 (4), 957 - 1092." type="journal article" year="1974">Stock, 1974</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
shares some similarity with this species but differs principally in the shape of the femur and the absence of a post-ocular tubercle. The presence of a tubercle or process on the dorsodistal surface of the abdomen is certainly not unique in the genus but none appear to be as prominent as in this species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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