treatments-xml/data/03/85/B2/0385B26595363A6754D9FCF1FE6AFCF6.xml
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<document id="50D26F7F5EB44BE0ADF1AA9F221B75A2" ID-CLB-Dataset="46353" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3768.3.3" ID-GBIF-Dataset="a21a2d8d-94b7-4b57-bcdd-495c6e5a54dc" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="252337" ID-ZooBank="D223B938-DB44-4738-AA6D-9C5627B9C7A1" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460389104374" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Nagata, Renato Mitsuo, Júnior, Miodeli Nogueira &amp; Haddad, Maria Angélica" docDate="2014" docId="0385B26595363A6754D9FCF1FE6AFCF6" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03768p326.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3768 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Clytia" docType="treatment" docVersion="11" lastPageNumber="309" masterDocId="FFBCCA1D95263A75544EFFC0FFF6FFE2" masterDocTitle="Faunistic survey of Hydromedusae (Cnidaria, Medusozoa) from the coast of Paraná State, Southern Brazil" masterLastPageNumber="326" masterPageNumber="291" pageNumber="307" updateTime="1698298012810" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="D3FD897BEEB0FEF5C2C0506CE2D0F016">Faunistic survey of Hydromedusae (Cnidaria, Medusozoa) from the coast of Paraná State, Southern Brazil</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="198F7915EED60B2376B2F1698A16030D">Nagata, Renato Mitsuo</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="39B77B856CAD6B1BA80904407D6A6A52">Júnior, Miodeli Nogueira</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="FD5C4A2DFAEDC7F1039BF4EB8909A08B">Haddad, Maria Angélica</mods:namePart>
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<taxonomicName id="4C2C78F095363A6554D9FCF1FF29FCA9" ID-CoL="7NT6M" box="[151,223,817,843]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulariidae" genus="Clytia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="16" pageNumber="307" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B958DF6195363A6554D9FCF1FF29FCA9" bold="true" box="[151,223,817,843]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="307">Clytia</emphasis>
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spp.
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<paragraph id="8B93037395363A6554D9FC94FED1FC8E" blockId="16.[151,295,817,877]" box="[151,295,852,877]" pageId="16" pageNumber="307">
(
<figureCitation id="13171FF695363A6554D1FC94FEE9FC8E" box="[159,287,852,877]" captionStart="FIGURE 19 26" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1889,1911]" captionTargetBox="[204,1375,193,1867]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[204,1376,193,1868]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 19 26. Eucheilota paradoxica Mayer: lateral view, radial canal with medusa bud (19); Clytia sp. Lamouroux: adult medusae with the base of the manubrium stretched, possible a sampling damage (20); adult medusae in oral view, linear gonads along radial canals (21), and a detail of the stretching of the base of manubrium (22); Obelia sp. Péron &amp; Lesueur: oral view, specimen with 5 radial canals (23); Gossea brachymera Bigelow: adult medusae (24) detail of gonads (25), and marginal tentacles (26)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252343/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="307">Figs 2022</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C33650F895363A6554D9FC55FB7AFC14" pageId="16" pageNumber="307" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8B93037395363A6554D9FC55FB7AFC14" blockId="16.[151,1437,917,2022]" pageId="16" pageNumber="307">
<emphasis id="B958DF6195363A6554D9FC55FE6FFC4C" bold="true" box="[151,409,917,942]" pageId="16" pageNumber="307">References consulted.</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD7E8295363A6555EFFC55FD33FC4C" author="Vannucci" box="[417,709,917,942]" pageId="16" pageNumber="307" refString="Vannucci, M. &amp; Ribeiro, L. C. (1955) O ciclo de vida de Clytia cylindrica L. Agass. 1862 (Hydrozoa: Campanulariidae). Dusenia, 6 (3 - 4), 69 - 81." type="journal article" year="1955">Vannucci &amp; Ribeiro 1955</bibRefCitation>
: 6881, figs 18.
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD7E8295363A6557C1FC56FBD7FC4C" author="Kramp" box="[911,1057,917,942]" pageId="16" pageNumber="307" refString="Kramp, P. L. (1961) Synopsis of the Medusae of the world. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 40, 7 - 382. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1017 / s 0025315400007347" type="journal article" year="1961">Kramp 1961</bibRefCitation>
: 164 (as
<taxonomicName id="4C2C78F095363A6550C8FC55FAF4FC4C" box="[1158,1282,917,942]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulariidae" genus="Phialidium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="16" pageNumber="307" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B958DF6195363A6550C8FC55FAF4FC4C" box="[1158,1282,917,942]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="307">Phialidium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD7E8295363A655154FC56FF25FC30" author="Pages" pageId="16" pageNumber="307" refString="Pages, F., Gili, J. - M. &amp; Bouillon, J. (1992) Medusae (Hydrozoa, Scyphozoa, Cubozoa) of the Benguela Current (southeastern Atlantic). Scientia Marina, 56 (1), 1 - 64." type="journal article" year="1992">
Pagès
<emphasis id="B958DF6195363A65512DFC56FA6AFC4C" box="[1379,1436,917,942]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="307">et al.</emphasis>
1992
</bibRefCitation>
: 3234, figs 3536.
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD7E8295363A6555F9FC79FDABFC30" author="Bouillon" box="[439,605,953,978]" pageId="16" pageNumber="307" refString="Bouillon, J. (1999) Hydromedusae. In: Boltovskoy, D. (Ed.), South Atlantic Zooplankton. Backhuys Publishers, Leiden, pp. 385 - 465." type="book chapter" year="1999">Bouillon 1999</bibRefCitation>
: 430, figs 3.1243.128.
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD7E8295363A655722FC79FB70FC30" author="Lindner" box="[876,1158,953,978]" pageId="16" pageNumber="307" refString="Lindner, A. &amp; Migotto, A. E. (2002) The life cycle of Clytia linearis and Clytia noliformis: metagenic campanulariids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) with contrasting polyp and medusa stages. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 82, 541 - 553. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1017 / s 0025315402005866" type="journal article" year="2002">Lindner &amp; Migotto 2002</bibRefCitation>
: figs 35. Bouillon
<emphasis id="B958DF6195363A65512AFC7AFA6AFC30" box="[1380,1436,953,978]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="307">et al.</emphasis>
2004: 193196. Bouillon
<emphasis id="B958DF6195363A6555F8FC1EFE19FC14" box="[438,495,989,1014]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="307">et al.</emphasis>
2006: 415417, fig. 192.
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD7E8295363A65575FFC1DFC1DFC14" author="Lindner" box="[785,1003,989,1014]" pageId="16" pageNumber="307" refString="Lindner, A., Govindarajan, A. F. &amp; Migotto, A. E. (2011) Cryptic species, life cycles, and the phylogeny of Clytia (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa: Campanulariidae). Zootaxa, 2980, 23 - 36." type="journal article" year="2011">
Lindner
<emphasis id="B958DF6195363A65573FFC1EFC5FFC14" box="[881,937,989,1014]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="307">et al.</emphasis>
2011
</bibRefCitation>
: 2330, fig. 3.
</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="B958DF6195363A655489FBC1FEC0FBF8" bold="true" box="[199,310,1025,1050]" pageId="16" pageNumber="307">Material.</emphasis>
Municipality of Pontal do Paraná, Balneário de Praia de Leste (
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; (
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<geoCoordinate id="EE1865B495363A655660FB19FD48FB10" box="[558,702,1241,1266]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="307" precision="15" value="-48.473614">48º2785”W</geoCoordinate>
):
<date id="FF9225B395363A65569CFB19FCA5FB10" box="[722,851,1241,1266]" pageId="16" pageNumber="307" value="1998-08-20">20/08/1998</date>
<specimenCount id="9D2AC8FA95363A65573FFB19FBFFFB10" box="[881,1033,1241,1266]" pageId="16" pageNumber="307" type="generic">15 specimens</specimenCount>
; (
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<geoCoordinate id="EE1865B495363A6550E1FB19FAB6FB10" box="[1199,1344,1241,1266]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="307" precision="15" value="-48.366665">48º2160”W</geoCoordinate>
):
<date id="FF9225B395363A65511BFB1AFF27FAF4" pageId="16" pageNumber="307" value="1998-10-28">28/10/ 1998</date>
<specimenCount id="9D2AC8FA95363A6554BEFB3EFE84FAF4" box="[240,370,1277,1302]" pageId="16" pageNumber="307" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
; (
<geoCoordinate id="EE1865B495363A6555C5FB3DFDFDFAF4" box="[395,523,1277,1302]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="307" precision="15" value="-25.802776">25º4810”S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE1865B495363A655654FB3DFD5BFAF4" box="[538,685,1277,1302]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="307" precision="15" value="-48.091667">48º0490”W</geoCoordinate>
):
<date id="FF9225B395363A65568BFB3DFCB5FAF4" box="[709,835,1277,1302]" pageId="16" pageNumber="307" value="1998-10-28">28/10/1998</date>
<specimenCount id="9D2AC8FA95363A65572FFB3DFBF7FAF4" box="[865,1025,1277,1302]" pageId="16" pageNumber="307" type="generic">26 specimens</specimenCount>
; (
<geoCoordinate id="EE1865B495363A655054FB3DFB6AFAF4" box="[1050,1180,1277,1302]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="307" precision="15" value="-25.718056">25º4265”S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE1865B495363A6550E2FB3DFACAFAF4" box="[1196,1340,1277,1302]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="307" precision="15" value="-48.473614">48º2785”W</geoCoordinate>
):
<date id="FF9225B395363A65511AFB3EFF38FAD8" pageId="16" pageNumber="307" value="1999-01-22">22/01/ 1999</date>
<specimenCount id="9D2AC8FA95363A6554A5FAE2FE8EFAD8" box="[235,376,1313,1338]" pageId="16" pageNumber="307" type="generic">2 specimens</specimenCount>
; (
<geoCoordinate id="EE1865B495363A6555C2FAE1FDE6FAD8" box="[396,528,1313,1338]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="307" precision="15" value="-25.775555">25º4632”S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE1865B495363A65566EFAE1FD59FAD8" box="[544,687,1313,1338]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="307" precision="15" value="-48.204166">48º1215”W</geoCoordinate>
):
<date id="FF9225B395363A65568CFAE2FCB2FAD8" box="[706,836,1314,1338]" pageId="16" pageNumber="307" value="1999-01-22">22/01/1999</date>
<specimenCount id="9D2AC8FA95363A65572CFAE2FC16FAD8" box="[866,992,1313,1338]" pageId="16" pageNumber="307" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B93037395363A655489FA85FDA6FA60" blockId="16.[151,1437,917,2022]" pageId="16" pageNumber="307">
<emphasis id="B958DF6195363A655489FA85FDB5FABC" bold="true" box="[199,579,1349,1374]" pageId="16" pageNumber="307">Reference specimens deposited.</emphasis>
Mzusp 1524,
<specimenCount id="9D2AC8FA95363A6556A4FA86FC8EFABC" box="[746,888,1349,1374]" pageId="16" pageNumber="307" type="generic">2 specimens</specimenCount>
,
<collectionCode id="ED3D9BB695363A6557C8FA86FC15FABC" box="[902,995,1350,1374]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="16" pageNumber="307">MZUSP</collectionCode>
1500,
<specimenCount id="9D2AC8FA95363A655078FA86FB24FABC" box="[1078,1234,1349,1374]" pageId="16" pageNumber="307" type="generic">19 specimens</specimenCount>
,
<collectionCode id="ED3D9BB695363A6550AEFA86FACBFABC" box="[1248,1341,1350,1374]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="16" pageNumber="307">MZUSP</collectionCode>
1511,
<specimenCount id="9D2AC8FA95363A6551C0FA86FEE6FA60" pageId="16" pageNumber="307" type="generic">3 specimens</specimenCount>
. Dzoo-Cn 237,
<specimenCount id="9D2AC8FA95363A6555F1FAAAFDBAFA60" box="[447,588,1385,1410]" pageId="16" pageNumber="307" type="generic">3 specimens</specimenCount>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33650F895363A655489FA4DFB4CF9D4" pageId="16" pageNumber="307" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8B93037395363A655489FA4DFC32F9F0" blockId="16.[151,1437,917,2022]" pageId="16" pageNumber="307">
<emphasis id="B958DF6195363A655489FA4DFE94FA44" bold="true" box="[199,354,1421,1446]" pageId="16" pageNumber="307">Distribution:</emphasis>
Some species are considered cosmopolitan, such as
<taxonomicName id="4C2C78F095363A655786FA4DFB9DFA44" box="[968,1131,1421,1446]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulariidae" genus="Clytia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="16" pageNumber="307" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="linearis">
<emphasis id="B958DF6195363A655786FA4DFB9DFA44" box="[968,1131,1421,1446]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="307">Clytia linearis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C2C78F095363A6550E6FA4DFA6AFA44" box="[1192,1436,1421,1446]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulariidae" genus="Clytia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="16" pageNumber="307" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="hemisphaerica">
<emphasis id="B958DF6195363A6550E6FA4DFA6AFA44" box="[1192,1436,1421,1446]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="307">Clytia hemisphaerica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD7E8295363A6554D0FA71FEBBFA28" author="Bouillon" box="[158,333,1457,1482]" pageId="16" pageNumber="307" refString="Bouillon, J. (1999) Hydromedusae. In: Boltovskoy, D. (Ed.), South Atlantic Zooplankton. Backhuys Publishers, Leiden, pp. 385 - 465." type="book chapter" year="1999">Bouillon 1999</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD7E8295363A65552FFA71FD62FA28" author="Lindner" box="[353,660,1457,1482]" pageId="16" pageNumber="307" refString="Lindner, A. &amp; Migotto, A. E. (2002) The life cycle of Clytia linearis and Clytia noliformis: metagenic campanulariids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) with contrasting polyp and medusa stages. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 82, 541 - 553. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1017 / s 0025315402005866" type="journal article" year="2002">Lindner &amp; Migotto 2002</bibRefCitation>
), but this can be attributed to the non-recognition of different, morphologically similar species (
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD7E8295363A655657FA15FCF5FA0C" author="Lindner" box="[537,771,1493,1518]" pageId="16" pageNumber="307" refString="Lindner, A., Govindarajan, A. F. &amp; Migotto, A. E. (2011) Cryptic species, life cycles, and the phylogeny of Clytia (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa: Campanulariidae). Zootaxa, 2980, 23 - 36." type="journal article" year="2011">
Lindner
<emphasis id="B958DF6195363A655631FA16FD4AFA0C" box="[639,700,1493,1518]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="307">et al.</emphasis>
2011
</bibRefCitation>
).
<taxonomicName id="4C2C78F095363A655754FA15FC18FA0F" authority="Lamouroux" authorityName="Lamouroux" box="[794,1006,1493,1518]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulariidae" genus="Clytia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="16" pageNumber="307" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B958DF6195363A655754FA15FCA9FA0C" box="[794,863,1493,1518]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="307">Clytia</emphasis>
Lamouroux
</taxonomicName>
polyps and jellyfish are common in coastal environments, and are found from the intertidal to
<quantity id="4CD4AE9695363A65576CFA3AFC81F9F3" box="[802,887,1530,1554]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="16" pageNumber="307" unit="m" value="1000.0">1000 m</quantity>
depth.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B93037395363A655489F9DDFB4CF9D4" blockId="16.[151,1437,917,2022]" box="[199,1210,1565,1590]" pageId="16" pageNumber="307">
<emphasis id="B958DF6195363A655489F9DDFE39F9D4" bold="true" box="[199,463,1565,1590]" pageId="16" pageNumber="307">
Distribution in
<collectingCountry id="F33B43E395363A655530F9DDFE3FF9D4" box="[382,457,1565,1590]" name="Brazil" pageId="16" pageNumber="307">Brazil</collectingCountry>
.
</emphasis>
Along the entire coast (Migotto
<emphasis id="B958DF6195363A655773F9DEFC80F9D4" box="[829,886,1565,1590]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="307">et al.</emphasis>
2002;
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD7E8295363A65578DF9DDFB58F9D4" author="Mesquita" box="[963,1198,1565,1590]" pageId="16" pageNumber="307" refString="Mesquita, S. S. A., Costa, R. M., Pereira, L. C. C. &amp; Magalhaes, A. (2006) Composicao, ocorrencia e distribuicao das hidromedusas no estuario do rio Caete, litoral do estado do Para. Boletim do Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi em Ciencias Naturais, 1 (3), 113 - 119." type="journal article" year="2006">
Mesquita
<emphasis id="B958DF6195363A65507CF9DEFB9CF9D4" box="[1074,1130,1565,1590]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="307">et al.</emphasis>
2006
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33650F895363A675489F981FE6AFCF6" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="309" pageId="16" pageNumber="307" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B93037395363A655489F981FA7EF804" blockId="16.[151,1437,917,2022]" pageId="16" pageNumber="307">
<emphasis id="B958DF6195363A655489F981FEAFF9B8" bold="true" box="[199,345,1601,1626]" pageId="16" pageNumber="307">Description.</emphasis>
Umbrella discoidal,
<quantity id="4CD4AE9695363A65561FF981FD12F9BB" box="[593,740,1601,1626]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.125" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="0.25" pageId="16" pageNumber="307" unit="mm" value="5.125" valueMax="10.0" valueMin="0.25">0.2510 mm</quantity>
in diameter, slightly higher in smaller specimens and well flattened in larger ones. Velum and mesoglea thin. Short manubrium, with a square base, and without peduncle. Some medusae with the base of the manubrium stretched in varying degrees, resembling a short peduncle, possibly damage from the net-collections (
<figureCitation id="13171FF695363A655652F96DFD27F924" box="[540,721,1709,1734]" captionStart="FIGURE 19 26" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1889,1911]" captionTargetBox="[204,1375,193,1867]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[204,1376,193,1868]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 19 26. Eucheilota paradoxica Mayer: lateral view, radial canal with medusa bud (19); Clytia sp. Lamouroux: adult medusae with the base of the manubrium stretched, possible a sampling damage (20); adult medusae in oral view, linear gonads along radial canals (21), and a detail of the stretching of the base of manubrium (22); Obelia sp. Péron &amp; Lesueur: oral view, specimen with 5 radial canals (23); Gossea brachymera Bigelow: adult medusae (24) detail of gonads (25), and marginal tentacles (26)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252343/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="307">Figs 20 and 22</figureCitation>
). Mouth with 4 simple lips, crenulated in larger specimens. 4 radial canals; only
<specimenCount id="9D2AC8FA95363A655520F912FE0EF908" box="[366,504,1745,1770]" pageId="16" pageNumber="307" type="generic">2 specimens</specimenCount>
(&lt;2%) with 5 canals and 5 manubrium lips. Medusae less than
<quantity id="4CD4AE9695363A655083F912FAF9F90B" box="[1229,1295,1746,1770]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="16" pageNumber="307" unit="mm" value="4.0">4 mm</quantity>
in diameter, with gonads oval to slightly elongated on the distal third of the radial canals. The largest specimens (&gt;
<quantity id="4CD4AE9695363A65515DF936FAA1F8EC" box="[1299,1367,1782,1806]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="16" pageNumber="307" unit="mm" value="4.0">4 mm</quantity>
), with linear gonads along the distal ¾ of radial canals, with large oocytes (
<figureCitation id="13171FF695363A6557E3F8D9FBF4F8D0" box="[941,1026,1817,1842]" captionStart="FIGURE 19 26" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1889,1911]" captionTargetBox="[204,1375,193,1867]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[204,1376,193,1868]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 19 26. Eucheilota paradoxica Mayer: lateral view, radial canal with medusa bud (19); Clytia sp. Lamouroux: adult medusae with the base of the manubrium stretched, possible a sampling damage (20); adult medusae in oral view, linear gonads along radial canals (21), and a detail of the stretching of the base of manubrium (22); Obelia sp. Péron &amp; Lesueur: oral view, specimen with 5 radial canals (23); Gossea brachymera Bigelow: adult medusae (24) detail of gonads (25), and marginal tentacles (26)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252343/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="307">Fig. 21</figureCitation>
). Tentacular bulbs of the same size, conical, slightly elongated, with the same shape as in living specimens. No marginal cirri, tentacles hollow. Specimens less than
<quantity id="4CD4AE9695363A655530F8A2FE49F89B" box="[382,447,1890,1914]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="16" pageNumber="307" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
in diameter (&lt;10% of total) with four marginal tentacles;
<quantity id="4CD4AE9695363A65500AF8A2FB57F89B" box="[1092,1185,1890,1914]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="16" pageNumber="307" unit="mm" value="2.0" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="1.0">13 mm</quantity>
in diameter (~ 60% of the total) usually with eight tentacles;
<quantity id="4CD4AE9695363A65560DF845FD40F87F" box="[579,694,1925,1950]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.75" metricValueMax="4.5" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="16" pageNumber="307" unit="mm" value="3.75" valueMax="4.5" valueMin="3.0">34.5 mm</quantity>
in diameter (~ 20% of total) with 16 tentacles; and larger than
<quantity id="4CD4AE9695363A655137F845FF35F823" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" pageId="16" pageNumber="307" unit="mm" value="4.5">4.5 mm</quantity>
(~ 10% of total), with 2432 marginal tentacles. Variable number of statocysts, specimens less than
<quantity id="4CD4AE9695363A65510BF869FA6DF823" box="[1349,1435,1961,1986]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="16" pageNumber="307" unit="mm" value="2.5">2.5 mm</quantity>
usually with one or rarely two large statocysts between bulbs; the largest individuals usually have two statocysts.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF5353FB95373A6454D9F8A1FED0F810" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252343/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="308" targetBox="[204,1375,193,1867]" targetPageId="17">
<paragraph id="8B93037395373A6454D9F8A1FED0F810" blockId="17.[151,1436,1889,2034]" pageId="17" pageNumber="308">
<emphasis id="B958DF6195373A6454D9F8A1FEB0F895" bold="true" box="[151,326,1889,1911]" pageId="17" pageNumber="308">FIGURE 1926.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C2C78F095373A645503F8A1FD88F895" authority="Mayer" authorityName="Mayer" box="[333,638,1889,1911]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lovenellidae" genus="Eucheilota" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="17" pageNumber="308" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="paradoxica">
<emphasis id="B958DF6195373A645503F8A1FD88F895" box="[333,638,1889,1911]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="308">Eucheilota paradoxica Mayer</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: lateral view, radial canal with medusa bud
<emphasis id="B958DF6195373A64500AF8A1FB98F895" bold="true" box="[1092,1134,1889,1911]" pageId="17" pageNumber="308">(19)</emphasis>
;
<taxonomicName id="4C2C78F095373A645032F8A1FB4CF895" box="[1148,1210,1889,1911]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulariidae" genus="Clytia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="17" pageNumber="308" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B958DF6195373A645032F8A1FB4CF895" box="[1148,1210,1889,1911]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="308">Clytia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. Lamouroux: adult medusae with the base of the manubrium stretched, possible a sampling damage
<emphasis id="B958DF6195373A64578AF8BFFC1BF877" bold="true" box="[964,1005,1919,1941]" pageId="17" pageNumber="308">(20)</emphasis>
; adult medusae in oral view, linear gonads along radial canals
<emphasis id="B958DF6195373A645510F85EFE7EF856" bold="true" box="[350,392,1950,1972]" pageId="17" pageNumber="308">(21)</emphasis>
, and a detail of the stretching of the base of manubrium
<emphasis id="B958DF6195373A64579FF85EFC0DF856" bold="true" box="[977,1019,1950,1972]" pageId="17" pageNumber="308">(22)</emphasis>
;
<taxonomicName id="4C2C78F095373A645044F85EFBB9F856" box="[1034,1103,1950,1972]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulariidae" genus="Obelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="17" pageNumber="308" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B958DF6195373A645044F85EFBB9F856" box="[1034,1103,1950,1972]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="308">Obelia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. Péron &amp; Lesueur: oral view, specimen with 5 radial canals
<emphasis id="B958DF6195373A645594F87DFDF5F831" bold="true" box="[474,515,1981,2003]" pageId="17" pageNumber="308">(23)</emphasis>
;
<taxonomicName id="4C2C78F095373A64565BF87EFCBEF831" authority="Bigelow" authorityName="Bigelow" box="[533,840,1981,2003]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Olindiidae" genus="Gossea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Limnomedusae" pageId="17" pageNumber="308" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="brachymera">
<emphasis id="B958DF6195373A64565BF87EFD12F831" box="[533,740,1981,2003]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="308">Gossea brachymera</emphasis>
Bigelow
</taxonomicName>
: adult medusae
<emphasis id="B958DF6195373A6457BDF87DFBEBF831" bold="true" box="[1011,1053,1981,2003]" pageId="17" pageNumber="308">(24)</emphasis>
detail of gonads
<emphasis id="B958DF6195373A645094F87DFAF5F831" bold="true" box="[1242,1283,1981,2003]" pageId="17" pageNumber="308">(25)</emphasis>
, and marginal tentacles (26).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B93037395343A675489FF57FA7EFD66" blockId="18.[151,1436,151,789]" pageId="18" pageNumber="309">
<emphasis id="B958DF6195343A675489FF57FE49FF52" bold="true" box="[199,447,151,176]" pageId="18" pageNumber="309">Systematic remarks.</emphasis>
Medusae of
<taxonomicName id="4C2C78F095343A675611FF57FD52FF52" box="[607,676,151,176]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulariidae" genus="Clytia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="18" pageNumber="309" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B958DF6195343A675611FF57FD52FF52" box="[607,676,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="309">Clytia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are easily identified among the
<taxonomicName id="4C2C78F095343A675066FF57FB1CFF52" box="[1064,1258,151,176]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulariidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="18" pageNumber="309" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="family">Campanulariidae</taxonomicName>
, by the typical umbrella, without gastric peduncle, hollow tentacles, and no marginal cirri or rudimentary bulbs (Bouillon
<emphasis id="B958DF6195343A67512CFF7DFA6AFF37" box="[1378,1436,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="309">et al.</emphasis>
2004). Individuals with the base of the manubrium stretched can be misidentified as species with a short peduncle, such as
<taxonomicName id="4C2C78F095343A6754B8FEC5FDA4FEFF" authority="Bigelow" authorityName="Bigelow" box="[246,594,260,285]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Eirenidae" genus="Eutonina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="18" pageNumber="309" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="scintilans">
<emphasis id="B958DF6195343A6754B8FEC5FE24FEFF" box="[246,466,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="309">Eutonina scintilans</emphasis>
(Bigelow)
</taxonomicName>
. This kind of damage may occur when the animals become stuck in the mesh. Few species of
<taxonomicName id="4C2C78F095343A6755C5FEE7FE26FEA2" box="[395,464,295,320]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulariidae" genus="Clytia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="18" pageNumber="309" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B958DF6195343A6755C5FEE7FE26FEA2" box="[395,464,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="309">Clytia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are identifiable based on morphological characters of the medusae [e.g.,
<taxonomicName id="4C2C78F095343A6750B2FEE7FEE0FE87" authority="Thornely" authorityName="Thornely" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulariidae" genus="Clytia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="18" pageNumber="309" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="linearis">
<emphasis id="B958DF6195343A6750B2FEE7FA6DFEA2" box="[1276,1435,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="309">Clytia linearis</emphasis>
(Thornely)
</taxonomicName>
]. Characters such as the size, shape and position of the gonads and the number of tentacles and statocysts may have great morphological plasticity in some species, and a wide range of variation (
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD7E8295343A67516FFEAFFEC5FE4E" author="Lindner" pageId="18" pageNumber="309" refString="Lindner, A. &amp; Migotto, A. E. (2002) The life cycle of Clytia linearis and Clytia noliformis: metagenic campanulariids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) with contrasting polyp and medusa stages. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 82, 541 - 553. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1017 / s 0025315402005866" type="journal article" year="2002">Lindner &amp; Migotto 2002</bibRefCitation>
; Bouillon
<emphasis id="B958DF6195343A6755E9FE55FE28FE4F" box="[423,478,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="309">et al.</emphasis>
2004). In the western South Atlantic, 8 species of
<taxonomicName id="4C2C78F095343A67505DFE54FBAEFE4F" box="[1043,1112,404,429]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulariidae" genus="Clytia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="18" pageNumber="309" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B958DF6195343A67505DFE54FBAEFE4F" box="[1043,1112,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="309">Clytia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have been found (Migotto
<emphasis id="B958DF6195343A6751C6FE55FF42FE32" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="309">et al.</emphasis>
2002;
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD7E8295343A67554AFE77FDD4FE32" author="Lindner" box="[260,546,439,464]" pageId="18" pageNumber="309" refString="Lindner, A. &amp; Migotto, A. E. (2002) The life cycle of Clytia linearis and Clytia noliformis: metagenic campanulariids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) with contrasting polyp and medusa stages. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 82, 541 - 553. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1017 / s 0025315402005866" type="journal article" year="2002">Lindner &amp; Migotto 2002</bibRefCitation>
). Most mature specimens described here, with about 16 tentacles and
<quantity id="4CD4AE9695343A675172FE78FA88FE2D" box="[1340,1406,440,464]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="18" pageNumber="309" unit="mm" value="3.0">3 mm</quantity>
in diameter, resemble the description of
<taxonomicName id="4C2C78F095343A67560DFE1CFC79FE17" authority="McCrady" authorityName="McCrady" box="[579,911,476,501]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulariidae" genus="Clytia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="18" pageNumber="309" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="noliformes">
<emphasis id="B958DF6195343A67560DFE1CFCFEFE17" box="[579,776,476,501]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="309">Clytia noliformes</emphasis>
(McCrady)
</taxonomicName>
, which has no distinguishing characters in the medusa stage (
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD7E8295343A67550EFE3FFD93FDFA" author="Lindner" box="[320,613,511,536]" pageId="18" pageNumber="309" refString="Lindner, A. &amp; Migotto, A. E. (2002) The life cycle of Clytia linearis and Clytia noliformis: metagenic campanulariids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) with contrasting polyp and medusa stages. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 82, 541 - 553. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1017 / s 0025315402005866" type="journal article" year="2002">Lindner &amp; Migotto 2002</bibRefCitation>
). Other specimens, larger than
<quantity id="4CD4AE9695343A675782FDC0FBE4FDF5" box="[972,1042,512,536]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="18" pageNumber="309" unit="mm" value="4.0">4 mm</quantity>
, with more than 16 tentacles, thin mesoglea, linear gonads, and often more than one statocyst between tentacular bulbs, resemble
<taxonomicName id="4C2C78F095343A675119FDE4FE36FD82" authority="Linnaeus" authorityName="Linnaeus" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulariidae" genus="Clytia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="18" pageNumber="309" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="hemisphaerica">
<emphasis id="B958DF6195343A675119FDE4FECAFD82" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="309">Clytia hemisphaerica</emphasis>
(Linnaeus)
</taxonomicName>
. The life cycle and cnidome of these species should be examined, and molecular studies should be conducted. A taxonomic revision is needed to resolve problems within the genus (
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD7E8295343A6750EEFDACFA8AFD66" author="Lindner" box="[1184,1404,620,645]" pageId="18" pageNumber="309" refString="Lindner, A., Govindarajan, A. F. &amp; Migotto, A. E. (2011) Cryptic species, life cycles, and the phylogeny of Clytia (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa: Campanulariidae). Zootaxa, 2980, 23 - 36." type="journal article" year="2011">
Lindner
<emphasis id="B958DF6195343A67514FFDADFACCFD67" box="[1281,1338,620,645]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="309">et al.</emphasis>
2011
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B93037395343A675489FD4FFE6AFCF6" blockId="18.[151,1436,151,789]" pageId="18" pageNumber="309">
<emphasis id="B958DF6195343A675489FD4FFE77FD4A" bold="true" box="[199,385,655,680]" pageId="18" pageNumber="309">Biological data.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C2C78F095343A6755C4FD4FFD8AFD4A" box="[394,636,655,680]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulariidae" genus="Clytia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="18" pageNumber="309" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="hemisphaerica">
<emphasis id="B958DF6195343A6755C4FD4FFD8AFD4A" box="[394,636,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="309">Clytia hemisphaerica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
may be the first hydromedusa to have its DNA completely sequenced (
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD7E8295343A6754D0FD74FE79FD2E" author="Houliston" box="[158,399,692,717]" pageId="18" pageNumber="309" refString="Houliston, E., Momose, T. &amp; Michael, M. (2011) Clytia hemisphaerica: a jellyfish cousin joins the laboratory. Trends in Genetics, 26 (4), 159 - 167. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1016 / j. tig. 2010.01.008" type="journal article" year="2011">
Houliston
<emphasis id="B958DF6195343A67555BFD75FEBAFD2F" box="[277,332,692,717]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="309">et al.</emphasis>
2011
</bibRefCitation>
). The species is easy to obtain, cultivate, and manipulate, and has become a model among the Medusozoa, for studies on the evolution of regulatory mechanisms of cellular development and body plan (
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD7E8295343A6754D0FD3CFE66FCF6" author="Houliston" box="[158,400,764,789]" pageId="18" pageNumber="309" refString="Houliston, E., Momose, T. &amp; Michael, M. (2011) Clytia hemisphaerica: a jellyfish cousin joins the laboratory. Trends in Genetics, 26 (4), 159 - 167. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1016 / j. tig. 2010.01.008" type="journal article" year="2011">
Houliston
<emphasis id="B958DF6195343A67555BFD3DFEB8FCF7" box="[277,334,764,789]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="309">et al.</emphasis>
2011
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>