241 lines
24 KiB
XML
241 lines
24 KiB
XML
<document id="09E7EF78AC8D3F6AA27610F482F87EE1" ID-CLB-Dataset="32469" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.683.12673" ID-GBIF-Dataset="8d057a14-532a-4610-b80c-85c335d0571c" ID-PMC="PMC5523353" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-683-1" ID-PubMed="28824281" ID-ZooBank="15B63229F1B846CDB9985A5FD0A4BDE2" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2017" ModsDocID="1313-2970-683-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 683" ModsDocTitle="A new orthopteran-parasitizing horsehair worm, Acutogordiustaiwanensis sp. n., with a redescription of Chordodesformosanus and novel host records from Taiwan (Nematomorpha, Gordiida)" checkinTime="1502744557052" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Chiu, Ming-Chung, Huang, Chin-Gi, Wu, Wen-Jer & Shiao, Shiuh-Feng" docDate="2017" docId="BBD3A07D5563207C1549D28741B9F626" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 683: 1-23" docOrigin="ZooKeys 683" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.683.12673" docTitle="Chordodes formosanus Chiu 2011" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="8" masterDocId="FF902178C94E8548FF81FFE2FFE06D22" masterDocTitle="A new orthopteran-parasitizing horsehair worm, Acutogordiustaiwanensis sp. n., with a redescription of Chordodesformosanus and novel host records from Taiwan (Nematomorpha, Gordiida)" masterLastPageNumber="23" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="6" updateTime="1732799532855" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="A55F7551747EB0D4BCEBEC3CDB43BB29">A new orthopteran-parasitizing horsehair worm, Acutogordiustaiwanensis sp. n., with a redescription of Chordodesformosanus and novel host records from Taiwan (Nematomorpha, Gordiida)</mods:title>
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<mods:roleTerm id="8B0E667CB1B82F22CE765DF633BEE7BC">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="CD91AE910B3C7681AEE4BF69D4B2A648">Chiu, Ming-Chung</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="61A66C1CCBEF148687C3502B6BFF02C7" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="3DE79F4D32E1887FF3E93DD9B22FCDCE">Huang, Chin-Gi</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="4B366A39797A7143B746B7CF61F30577">Wu, Wen-Jer</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="31281F8EFED0072BDB4735B856FBEA5B">Shiao, Shiuh-Feng</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="88573E06575D4BF79B47F64C261D5970">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="B8F2A2DCC76F90571909B09DCA262A6A">ZooKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="DC3F5833EE1BF91219F8DA0D8440E3B7">
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<mods:date id="E3FA9D698C2E73660EB2624CC1FDADAF">2017</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="21013DCEB8A2DB82714BC782345610E6">683</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="147EF3BF69C500BB49CC9E0947A020FB">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.683.12673</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="81ED3126C9FAC72526F32B5BD2FC2945">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="48AF2D21DED4AFF7AA4F0494CF6B9839" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.683.12673</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="0AFA0B9E94D2E5F6B66D2EE97D373EA3" type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-683-1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="8D0ADD7F4FF2FAD927A3C482B072DCA8" type="ZooBank">15B63229F1B846CDB9985A5FD0A4BDE2</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="BBD3A07D5563207C1549D28741B9F626" ID-GBIF-Taxon="132649102" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:BBD3A07D5563207C1549D28741B9F626" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/BBD3A07D5563207C1549D28741B9F626" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" scope_phylum="Nematomorpha">
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<subSubSection id="4F516768B6367447A02CD20C6B2CD1BF" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="85B65D1B5E3B7B02BFEF470FAAEB1C51" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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<taxonomicName id="3A7E75045B2A30AF2DA40EAC5E638A78" authority="Chiu, 2011" authorityName="Chiu" authorityYear="2011" family="Gordiida" genus="Chordodes" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chordodes formosanus" order="Nematomorpha" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="species" species="formosanus">Chordodes formosanus Chiu, 2011</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="795D98B0E747F5AB45209FEAA7B3A7CD" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="7197998D3AE09E98D37D0D505C729DDF" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Material examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="E370602AECDCFE531C87ECEBCBB2861B" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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Taipei Zoo (
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<geoCoordinate id="F1683DD12E9B85B82D37BA4864C8A3E7" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="24.99575">24°59′44.70′′N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="45C3593D5B8226E4CD1560CC8073C8A0" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="121.580414">121°34′49.49′′E</geoCoordinate>
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), Taipei City, Taiwan (three males from an
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<taxonomicName id="2553F12008565AF11897C788186C88AB" class="Insecta" family="Hymenopodidae" genus="Acromantis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Acromantis japonica" order="Mantodea" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="japonica">Acromantis japonica</taxonomicName>
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individual); Wufengqi Waterfalls (
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<geoCoordinate id="75EC81FAE780C6B8A32CEF952E68AF74" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="24.832117">24°49′55.62′′N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="DEA216EAF429A19D4D8EFC7ABEBAB292" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="121.747246">121°44′50.10′′E</geoCoordinate>
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), Jiaushi Township, Yilan County, Taiwan (two males from two
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<taxonomicName id="7A340AF1021967F7EDECDFDB0AB32D6C" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Orthoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Tettigoniidae</taxonomicName>
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species). For specimen details, see Table 1.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="5F82F0FA684303227E13C57DFC85FD23" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="host">
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<paragraph id="7BAE71F75A244F2717055B74641FD9BB" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Hosts.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="FA004B437518DA6BADEFA178CD248F49" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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<taxonomicName id="A8F85E1A034FF035E728BF407144AD40" class="Insecta" family="Hymenopodidae" genus="Acromantis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Acromantis japonica" order="Mantodea" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="japonica">Acromantis japonica</taxonomicName>
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Westwood, 1889 (
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<taxonomicName id="051824063C22154B31DB8705132A0E91" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Mantodea" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Mantodea</taxonomicName>
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:
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<taxonomicName id="784255A55D6AEEDC8813CB1EFB509754" class="Insecta" family="Mantidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Mantodea" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Mantidae</taxonomicName>
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).
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<taxonomicName id="A6805A32BC8A8B2557959B800D40E4EC" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Leptoteratura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leptoteratura" order="Orthoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Leptoteratura</taxonomicName>
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sp.,
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<taxonomicName id="C5DF9B4DE37C38D364A97E6E551005C2" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Holochlora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Holochlora japonica" order="Orthoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="japonica">Holochlora japonica</taxonomicName>
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Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 (
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<taxonomicName id="9CCD5404859DC878232D6EC9562DC6DF" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Orthoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Orthoptera</taxonomicName>
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:
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<taxonomicName id="39848CA38494BEA7F2F7158A4DF00F22" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Orthoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Tettigoniidae</taxonomicName>
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). For host details, see Table 2.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="4663DE8C6A38A128A765527D814B2EB1" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="redescription">
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<paragraph id="BD8469D9CCCB70C8338B4F46112C60FF" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Redescription</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="853C7D281FFD6693CB11DEE28CBB3C16" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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(Fig. 8). Male adult (n = 5). Body length 109
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<normalizedToken id="9A2AA6A2D762171D1162C098320192A6" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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64 (43-204) mm, width (widest, after dehydration) 0.56
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<normalizedToken id="88DAD0C320BE19C6C6B1798F09C63A3E" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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0.29 (0.32-0.88) mm, dark-brown, rough, and flat with dorsal and ventral grooves in alcohol-preserved specimens.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="3F837FEC3E6268C92DBFC08569B2CE74" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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Except for one sample with the broken posterior end, which was not described, the posterior end of the other 4 samples (Fig. 8A) not lobed, ornamented areoles on margin with short spines between them. Oval cloacal opening subterminal, 61.14
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<normalizedToken id="1105943BA64546CC4D76DDCDCC830837" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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27.61 (44.41-93.00)
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<normalizedToken id="D1CB9F12A15A78C5557A6914C35711F2" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
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long and 31.23
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<normalizedToken id="022208632FFA4FBEF819DD8FB8529E32" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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11.42 (22.00-44.00)
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<normalizedToken id="EC48340CD3414654E571B6D4D6DABA76" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
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wide, circum-cloacal spines present. A pair of oval regions free with areoles posterior to cloacal opening with scattered bristles over it. Paired oval bristlefields 171.94
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<normalizedToken id="557CCE0788976CD4D258D3FB1A6B4627" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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48.32 (127.84-223.59)
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<normalizedToken id="D02BFE52A4649B7A3D2C0D23C256AC93" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
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long and 55.94
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<normalizedToken id="537A92FF62DD2E54346CA4D533F2B551" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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10.08 (46.34-66.43)
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<normalizedToken id="17D28AD56684C66D3342724713226020" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
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wide, not found in one sample, located on lateral side of cloacal opening between areas adjacent to flat areoles and normal areoles. Anterior end (Fig. 8B) tapered, with white tip (white cap) under stereomicroscopy. Under SEM, anterior tip smooth or wrinkled, covered with abundant small spines, and scattered, thick bristles; mouth open on terminal end of anterior extremity.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="53EB8BD93E7054D32560D7E7D81C0BEC" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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<pageBreakToken id="C371CB89D0E536D4F5AE434F2BE090C0" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" start="start">Mid-body</pageBreakToken>
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covered with areoles with some ornamentation on surface. Areoles characterized into five types (simple, tubercle, thorn, circumcluster, and crowned areoles). Simple areoles, most abundant, covering entire cuticle of mid-body, 9.70
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<normalizedToken id="AB2CFE8AD6E914CA702500E38C1ACDC5" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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1.84 (8.18-12.51)
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<normalizedToken id="3ECCF307F7A720F88F516E21AAB1CADB" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
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in diameter, circular, surface smooth or uneven. Tubercle areoles and thorn areoles scattered among simple areoles, similar in shape, but with a tubercle (ca. 3.96-8.09
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<normalizedToken id="58495312906B0988122AACF24973C2C6" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
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long) or a solid thorn (ca. 7.35-16.92
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<normalizedToken id="977A53E219C441005B33EBEC3EEF24BB" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
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long), respectively, on the latter or on top of thorn areoles; thorn areoles less abundant than tubercle areoles and not found in one sample. Crowned areoles (Fig. 8C, E) (each 14.90
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<normalizedToken id="FD28C80963EA99FAEA7520EFB71FB09C" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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3.40 (9.72-21.81)
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<normalizedToken id="B51F0DD55201512E83239BDCBE6880A0" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
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in diameter) surrounded by 7-12 circumcluster areoles with a central tubercle in between; each areole with a flat top and medium filaments (13.11
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<normalizedToken id="1F0CD9792B7E0CC841480F0AF385111F" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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4.96 (7.41-27.62)
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<normalizedToken id="D1CD25C06A4A9CDA9695F93F4767ABB6" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
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) originating from the apical center to edges; few long filaments (55.43-179.70
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<normalizedToken id="29C4B948FCA25E658E863891271B2D29" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
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) found in one sample. In one small individual from
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<taxonomicName id="E4BC122D29BAC679DD24471E01708E6F" class="Insecta" family="Hymenopodidae" genus="Acromantis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Acromantis" order="Mantodea" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Acromantis</taxonomicName>
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mantid, crowned areoles (Fig. 8D, F) smaller than usual (10.84
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<normalizedToken id="1D2446D92B459718D76B8B30C7222749" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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0.84 (9.60-11.83)
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<normalizedToken id="A87A67F9FE74DAB94A4FE59C51D36030" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
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) and apical filaments (6.56
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<normalizedToken id="D5D039F602AC4F7271EB92F008570DFF" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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1.11 (5.03-8.36)
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<normalizedToken id="54C2D849E418AC7CA7EC0599BC6273E4" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
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), with almost same-sized circumcluster areoles.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="4FC7F111971F01089440CBE5D09F5E0B" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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<paragraph id="9ACC61D4FDCB56440E547D5A080A4D82" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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Figure 8. Male adult
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<taxonomicName id="FD565901FB859C4EFC47E5E43438FEF3" class="Gordioida" family="Chordodidae" genus="Chordodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chordodes formosanus" order="Gordioidea" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Nematomorpha" rank="species" species="formosanus">Chordodes formosanus</taxonomicName>
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from novel hosts. A Posterior end B Anterior end
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<normalizedToken id="41893C01B9FC01EADA7ACEF19B7DD885" originalValue="C–D">C-D</normalizedToken>
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Variable crowned areole morphologies from different individuals E Close view of (C) with typical
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<taxonomicName id="680DEE2D192A4E78CB0214EA436B628C" lsidName="C. formosanus" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rank="species" species="formosanus">C. formosanus</taxonomicName>
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crowned areoles; F Close view of (D) with smaller crowned areoles. Ca, crowned areole. Scale bars 100
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<normalizedToken id="5866499ED68971B093EDEE78FFCCF9CF" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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(A), 10
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<normalizedToken id="A8810E4BC945AD2668C291D6BDDAEC1F" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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(B), 100
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<normalizedToken id="4C80F4B0FF880282EFCD1CC0F3974DE8" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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(
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<normalizedToken id="04B2EDB2F6B1E7FD6B7B341AE8C23960" originalValue="C–D">C-D</normalizedToken>
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), and 10
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<normalizedToken id="FFA988399EFCE24089FD149C106E35EE" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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(
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<normalizedToken id="3232C0F65FFB1F17BD4E1DFDBCAFA25B" originalValue="E–F">E-F</normalizedToken>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="D0F123724AB1C861A25C8AFF26D438E0" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="phylogeny">
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<paragraph id="01F0E5B754D97900D98686756E71F31A" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Phylogeny.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="E2B52C7928481A5DC1DFE13FB950F53A" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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The genetic distances among all horsehair worms from
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<taxonomicName id="B30A96833B0251BF406A840BD697ACB1" class="Insecta" family="Hymenopodidae" genus="Acromantis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Acromantis japonica" order="Mantodea" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="japonica">Acromantis japonica</taxonomicName>
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(GenBank nos: KX591949- KX591951),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2277F1A7C18646012F06E374F966EAF1" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Leptoteratura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leptoteratura" order="Orthoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Leptoteratura</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. (GenBank no.: KX591952),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3C4A44A5B4F28F9D4AD93DFFC7C902A0" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Holochlora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Holochlora japonica" order="Orthoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="japonica">Holochlora japonica</taxonomicName>
|
||
(GenBank no.: KX591953), and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5E5522D4307BE2B8B3B85E7E355A4776" class="Insecta" family="Mantidae" genus="Hierodula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hierodula" order="Mantodea" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Hierodula</taxonomicName>
|
||
mantid (sequences from
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="51CB4D1EC78C463827D1C93B87229117" author="Chiu, MC" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="1 - 22" title="A new horsehair worm, Chordodesformosanus sp. n. (Nematomorpha, Gordiida) from Hierodula mantids of Taiwan and Japan with redescription of a closely related species, Chordodesjaponensis." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.160.2290" volume="160" year="2011">Chiu et al. (2011)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) COI sequences ranged from 0.000 to 0.010. The phylogenetic tree (Fig. 7) revealed a polytomic topology, whereas the five horsehair worm sequences from the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9FE01AE1296594107F4DE6438F0A62C9" class="Insecta" family="Hymenopodidae" genus="Acromantis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Acromantis" order="Mantodea" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Acromantis</taxonomicName>
|
||
mantid and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9F5F2D61AF49512D627B915EE93F1D3E" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Orthoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Tettigoniidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
hosts were randomly inserted into this clade.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="043030A18753AC2994FC71582E933DCE" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="comments">
|
||
<paragraph id="CC549E2B453E02065BB69D7CD36606C5" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<pageBreakToken id="48F1AA3048B7DB9D78FF06D51C13578D" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" start="start">Comments</pageBreakToken>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E1F2FB6E85F1B3D23CDEE6949A6C5D7F" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
The five male horsehair worms were all determined to be
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8ACFCEE8E66387EA4240CDF9190FFA4C" lsidName="C. formosanus" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rank="species" species="formosanus">C. formosanus</taxonomicName>
|
||
because of the low genetic distances between their COI sequences and those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2AEAB30881CD2B1E402F02C401F6F10C" lsidName="C. formosanus" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rank="species" species="formosanus">C. formosanus</taxonomicName>
|
||
individuals as described in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="151B0A21690D13D52D6F0089FDEBDF13" author="Chiu, MC" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="1 - 22" title="A new horsehair worm, Chordodesformosanus sp. n. (Nematomorpha, Gordiida) from Hierodula mantids of Taiwan and Japan with redescription of a closely related species, Chordodesjaponensis." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.160.2290" volume="160" year="2011">Chiu et al. (2011)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Their morphology was also similar to that of the species described in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A3DDBD9523FA01F1832117ECCC3812F6" author="Chiu, MC" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="1 - 22" title="A new horsehair worm, Chordodesformosanus sp. n. (Nematomorpha, Gordiida) from Hierodula mantids of Taiwan and Japan with redescription of a closely related species, Chordodesjaponensis." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.160.2290" volume="160" year="2011">Chiu et al. (2011)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, which consisted of five areole types in male adults with slight differences found in the bristlefield and crowned areoles.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FF9268CCAD950CC4D4411D44CFC6B617" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
The size of the bristlefields was smaller in individuals in the present study than in those described in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9454C77B288282A0467DBDBBDD1CE39B" author="Chiu, MC" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="1 - 22" title="A new horsehair worm, Chordodesformosanus sp. n. (Nematomorpha, Gordiida) from Hierodula mantids of Taiwan and Japan with redescription of a closely related species, Chordodesjaponensis." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.160.2290" volume="160" year="2011">Chiu et al. (2011)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(70-77
|
||
<normalizedToken id="33DC93836D62FB547CCA13C123464D70" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||
wide and 145-243
|
||
<normalizedToken id="6536DF25FFAA5498D886439B7B9D6066" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||
long, respectively) and were not found at all in one extremely small individual. Although the difference in the bristlefields in the male
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BAAD992C38CE471C2C74726F6E2C1579" class="Gordioida" family="Chordodidae" genus="Chordodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chordodes" order="Gordioidea" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Nematomorpha" rank="genus">Chordodes</taxonomicName>
|
||
species has not been used to distinguish the species, this character has been used to distinguish
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1AF27BFD42B74D8C72611A8BC7EE2E8B" class="Gordioida" family="Chordodidae" genus="Gordionus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gordionus kii" order="Gordioidea" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Nematomorpha" rank="species" species="kii">Gordionus kii</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6D69A57FE9C7B4DDE2FC46BD71510E1A" lsidName="G. chinensis" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rank="species" species="chinensis">G. chinensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5DB4068011C1E26D1A8758683E9CD793" author="Schmidt-Rhaesa, A" journalOrPublisher="Species Diversity" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="61 - 67" title="Gordionuschinensis and Gordionuskii sp. nov. (Nematomorpha: Gordiida), new reports of the genus Gordionus in Japan." volume="14" year="2009">Schmidt-Rhaesa and Sato 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2F61F3E890E7B6AB2A062877A8F3163C" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
Another abnormal morphological feature was the similar-sized paired crowned areoles and their surrounding circumcluster areoles. These "abnormal crowned areoles" were only found in one extremely small individual, but not in the other horsehair worms, including the two large ones that emerged from the same host individual. Because the molecular data suggested that this individual was conspecific with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A432E495C19E9E27B7FA364698BBA8F3" lsidName="C. formosanus" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rank="species" species="formosanus">C. formosanus</taxonomicName>
|
||
, we believe the abnormal crowned areoles may have been caused by incomplete development during synchronized maturation (see Discussion for details).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |