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<document id="ABA276C6EFDFF5DAE30BDF75BB054266" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.7300862" ID-ISSN="1942-1354" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7300862" ID-ZooBank="A105F057-F2A4-4C14-B82E-14912B319D57" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1667845634694" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Leblanc, Luc" docDate="2022" docId="03D4F45500AE43B341BECBA129973C39" docLanguage="en" docName="InsectaMundi.2022.0948.1-167.pdf" docOrigin="Insecta Mundi 2022 (948)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:F9976E9B7F8A094D890004515A7A0592.3:InsectaMundi.2020-.journal_article" docStyleId="F9976E9B7F8A094D890004515A7A0592" docStyleName="InsectaMundi.2020-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Bactrocera (Bactrocera) umbrosa" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="145" masterDocId="FFED8C2D003C4321417EC83E2C373A50" masterDocTitle="The dacine fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacini) of Oceania" masterLastPageNumber="167" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="145" updateTime="1699393287119" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-3.0">
<mods:mods id="2D518F3C64AD5F3E765982E30C0C5FF5" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="C63950ED0134ACDEB92090EE9423BFFB">
<mods:title id="C454FE2CC3979FBA45501EB39007E15E">The dacine fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacini) of Oceania</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:namePart id="267362586892C638E477F58BAA8BC61C">Leblanc, Luc</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="22D75917A819BEBBA5CA13000094FEA6">University of Idaho, Department of Entomology, Plant Pathology and Nematology (EPPN) 875 Perimeter Drive MS 2329, Moscow, Idaho, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="42386ABA926A7934101D88CAEEE4AA37">Insecta Mundi</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="2E18C046986C3AEDA182572B1046FC49">
<mods:date id="8152036484CBC148B6374C1C96EEB8E4">2022</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="A48FBD6D6EFF55D677BA29098CFE7F40">2022-08-26</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="B64DBDB3F1AE50AEA786EF38D505119A">2022</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="0163ADB04DB2CF463F4EA6BDE4ABDC03">948</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="547E198E33A8185C79E9E343C7A89ADE" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.7300862</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="D54CC86D913677D9B6D9E2372037206C" type="ISSN">1942-1354</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03D4F45500AE43B341BECBA129973C39" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7301268" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7301268" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D4F45500AE43B341BECBA129973C39" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D4F45500AE43B341BECBA129973C39" lastPageNumber="145" pageId="146" pageNumber="145">
<subSubSection id="C36716C800AE43B341BECBA12DAC398C" pageId="146" pageNumber="145" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BC2454300AE43B341BECBA12F7539EC" blockId="146.[192,1440,927,1089]" box="[192,834,927,956]" pageId="146" pageNumber="145">
<heading id="D08AF22F00AE43B341BECBA12F7539EC" box="[192,834,927,956]" fontSize="12" level="2" pageId="146" pageNumber="145" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="4C7D3EC000AE43B341BECBA12F7539EC" ID-CoL="87RGR" authority="(Fabricius, 1805)" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1805" box="[192,834,927,956]" class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Bactrocera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="146" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="umbrosa" subGenus="Bactrocera">
<emphasis id="B909995100AE43B341BECBA12F7539EC" bold="true" box="[192,834,927,956]" pageId="146" pageNumber="145">
<emphasis id="B909995100AE43B341BECBA12D7E39EB" bold="true" box="[192,329,927,955]" italics="true" pageId="146" pageNumber="145">Bactrocera</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B909995100AE43B34025CBA12DD339EB" bold="true" box="[347,484,927,955]" italics="true" pageId="146" pageNumber="145">Bactrocera</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="B909995100AE43B3408BCBA12E5439EC" bold="true" box="[501,611,927,956]" italics="true" pageId="146" pageNumber="145">umbrosa</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFEC38B200AE43B3430CCBA12F0E39EC" author="Fabricius JC" box="[626,825,927,956]" pageId="146" pageNumber="145" refId="ref47403" refString="Fabricius JC. 1805. Systema antliatorum secundum ordines, genera, species, adiectis, synonymis, locis, observationibus, descriptionibus. Reichard; Brunswick, Gremany. 373 p." type="book" year="1805">Fabricius, 1805</bibRefCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC2454300AE43B341BECBFC2DAC398C" blockId="146.[192,1440,927,1089]" box="[192,411,962,988]" pageId="146" pageNumber="145">
<emphasis id="B909995100AE43B341BECBFC2DAC398C" bold="true" box="[192,411,962,988]" pageId="146" pageNumber="145">Breadfruit fruit fly</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36716C800AE43B341BECBDA2D1D3E11" pageId="146" pageNumber="145" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BC2454300AE43B341BECBDA2D1D3E11" blockId="146.[192,1440,927,1089]" pageId="146" pageNumber="145">
(=
<taxonomicName id="4C7D3EC000AE43B3419BCBDB2EBD39AE" authority="Wiedemann, 1819" authorityName="Wiedemann" authorityYear="1819" box="[229,650,996,1022]" class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Dacus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="146" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fascipennis">
<emphasis id="B909995100AE43B3419BCBDB2D9C39AE" box="[229,427,996,1022]" italics="true" pageId="146" pageNumber="145">Dacus fascipennis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFEC38B200AE43B340C9CBDA2EBD39AE" author="Wiedemann CRW" box="[439,650,996,1022]" pageId="146" pageNumber="145" pagination="1 - 39" refId="ref52501" refString="Wiedemann CRW. 1819. Beschreibung neuer zweiflugler aus Ostindien und Afrika. Zoological Magazine (Wiedemann's) 1: 1 - 39." type="journal article" year="1819">Wiedemann, 1819</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C7D3EC000AE43B343E7CBDB284139AF" authority="Doleschall, 1856" authorityName="Doleschall" authorityYear="1856" box="[665,1142,996,1023]" class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Bactrocera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="146" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fasciatipennis">
<emphasis id="B909995100AE43B343E7CBDB2F9A39AE" box="[665,941,996,1022]" italics="true" pageId="146" pageNumber="145">Bactrocera fasciatipennis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFEC38B200AE43B342C6CBDA284139AF" author="Doleschall CL" box="[952,1142,996,1023]" pageId="146" pageNumber="145" pagination="403 - 414" refId="ref46571" refString="Doleschall CL. 1856. Eerste bijdrage tot de kennis der dipterologische fauna van Nederlandsch Indie. Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indie 10: 403 - 414." type="journal article" year="1856">Doleschall, 1856</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C7D3EC000AE43B345FBCBDB2CCF3E71" authority="Walker, 1856" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1856" class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Dacus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="146" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="conformis">
<emphasis id="B909995100AE43B345FBCBDB297739AE" box="[1157,1344,996,1022]" italics="true" pageId="146" pageNumber="145">Dacus conformis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFEC38B200AE43B34435CBDA2CCF3E71" author="Walker F." pageId="146" pageNumber="145" pagination="4 - 39" refId="ref52218" refString="Walker F. 1856. Catalogue of the dipterous insects collected at Singapore and Malacca by Mr. A. R. Wallace, with descriptions of new species. Journal of Proceedings of the Linnean Society. Zoology. London 1: 4 - 39." type="journal article" year="1856">Walker, 1856</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C7D3EC000AE43B3407CCC392E0B3E70" authority="Walker, 1860" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1860" box="[258,572,1030,1056]" class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Dacus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="146" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="diffusus">
<emphasis id="B909995100AE43B3407CCC392D943E70" box="[258,419,1030,1056]" italics="true" pageId="146" pageNumber="145">Dacus diffusus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFEC38B200AE43B340D7CC382E0B3E70" author="Walker F." box="[425,572,1030,1056]" pageId="146" pageNumber="145" pagination="90 - 172" refId="ref52265" refString="Walker F. 1860. Catalogue of the dipterous insects collected at Makessar in Celebes, by Mr. A. R. Wallace, with descriptions of new species [conclusion]. Journal of Proceedings of the Linnean Society. Zoology. London 4: 90 - 172." type="journal article" year="1860">Walker, 1860</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C7D3EC000AE43B34338CC392FB23E70" authority="Froggatt, 1909" authorityName="Froggatt" authorityYear="1909" box="[582,901,1030,1056]" class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Dacus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="146" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="frenchi">
<emphasis id="B909995100AE43B34338CC392EEB3E70" box="[582,732,1030,1056]" italics="true" pageId="146" pageNumber="145">Dacus frenchi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFEC38B200AE43B3439DCC382FB23E70" author="Froggatt WW" box="[739,901,1030,1056]" pageId="146" pageNumber="145" pagination="1907 - 1908" refId="ref47561" refString="Froggatt WW. 1909. Part III. Fruit flies. A general account of the flies belonging to the family Trypetidae, that damage sound fruit, with descriptions of the different species (some described as new) and their habits, range, and suggestions for destroying them. p. 73 - 115. In: Official report on fruit fly and other pests in various countries 1907 - 1908. Report on parasitic and injurious insects. New South Wales Department of Agriculture; Sydney, Australia. 115 p." type="book chapter" year="1909">Froggatt, 1909</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C7D3EC000AE43B342EECC3929B83E70" authority="White and Evenhuis, 1999" authorityName="White and Evenhuis" authorityYear="1999" box="[912,1423,1030,1056]" class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Bactrocera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="146" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lacerata">
<emphasis id="B909995100AE43B342EECC3928553E70" box="[912,1122,1030,1056]" italics="true" pageId="146" pageNumber="145">Bactrocera lacerata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFEC38B200AE43B34516CC3829B83E70" author="White IM &amp; Evenhuis NL" box="[1128,1423,1030,1056]" pageId="146" pageNumber="145" pagination="487 - 540" refId="ref52415" refString="White IM, Evenhuis NL 1999. New species and records of Indo-Australasian Dacini (Diptera: Tephritidae). The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 47: 487 - 540." type="journal article" year="1999">White and Evenhuis, 1999</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
)
<figureCitation id="134659C600AE43B341BECC192D1D3E11" box="[192,298,1063,1089]" captionStart="Figure 84" captionStartId="95.[192,268,1866,1892]" captionTargetBox="[217,1422,312,1748]" captionTargetId="figure-9@95.[192,1439,303,1756]" captionTargetPageId="95" captionText="Figure 84. Bactrocera (Bactrocera) umbrosa (Fabricius), male.A) Head.B–C) Head and scutum. D–E) Abdomen. F) Wing. G) Lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7301095" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7301095/files/figure.png" pageId="146" pageNumber="145">Figure 84</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36716C800AE43B341BECC6F29123F0E" pageId="146" pageNumber="145" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BC2454300AE43B341BECC6F2EA03F64" blockId="146.[192,1443,1105,1333]" pageId="146" pageNumber="145">
<emphasis id="B909995100AE43B341BECC6F2D643E3B" bold="true" box="[192,339,1105,1131]" pageId="146" pageNumber="145">Distribution</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="134659C600AE43B34019CC6F2DFC3E3C" box="[359,459,1105,1132]" captionStart="Figure 105" captionStartId="117.[192,268,1116,1142]" captionTargetBox="[192,1439,216,1088]" captionTargetId="figure-9@117.[192,1439,213,1094]" captionTargetPageId="117" captionText="Figure 105. Distribution of oligophagous pest fruit flies in Oceania: Bactrocera umbrosa (Fabricius), B. mucronis (Drew), B. quadrisetosa (Bezzi), B. distincta (Malloch), and B. perfusca (Aubertin). Photo of B. umbrosa by Steve Wilson. Drawing of B. perfusca from Drew (1989)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7301164" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7301164/files/figure.png" pageId="146" pageNumber="145">Fig. 105</figureCitation>
).
<collectingCountry id="F36A05D300AE43B3409ACC6F2E7F3E3B" box="[484,584,1105,1131]" name="Vietnam" pageId="146" pageNumber="145">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
.
<collectingCountry id="F36A05D300AE43B34329CC6F2EF83E3B" box="[599,719,1105,1131]" name="Cambodia" pageId="146" pageNumber="145">Cambodia</collectingCountry>
.
<collectingCountry id="F36A05D300AE43B343A1CC6F2F723E3B" box="[735,837,1105,1131]" name="Thailand" pageId="146" pageNumber="145">Thailand</collectingCountry>
.
<collectingCountry id="F36A05D300AE43B3422ACC6F2FE23E3B" box="[852,981,1105,1131]" name="Philippines" pageId="146" pageNumber="145">Philippines</collectingCountry>
.
<collectingCountry id="F36A05D300AE43B3429BCC6F287F3E3B" box="[997,1096,1105,1131]" name="Malaysia" pageId="146" pageNumber="145">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
(Peninsular, East).
<collectingCountry id="F36A05D300AE43B3444CCC6F29973E3B" box="[1330,1440,1105,1131]" name="Indonesia" pageId="146" pageNumber="145">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingRegion id="49B98BA100AE43B341B6CC4D2D1D3EDD" box="[200,298,1139,1165]" country="Indonesia" name="Sumatera Utara" pageId="146" pageNumber="145">Sumatra</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="49B98BA100AE43B34049CC4D2D503EDD" box="[311,359,1139,1165]" country="Indonesia" name="Jawa Timur" pageId="146" pageNumber="145">Java</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="49B98BA100AE43B3400ACC4C2DCD3EDC" box="[372,506,1138,1164]" country="Indonesia" name="Kalimantan Utara" pageId="146" pageNumber="145">Kalimantan</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="49B98BA100AE43B34379CC4C2E5E3EDC" box="[519,617,1138,1164]" country="Indonesia" name="Sulawesi Utara" pageId="146" pageNumber="145">Sulawesi</collectingRegion>
, West Timor).
<collectingCountry id="F36A05D300AE43B34268CC4C2F4B3EDC" box="[790,892,1138,1164]" name="Australia" pageId="146" pageNumber="145">Australia</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingCountry id="F36A05D300AE43B342F2CC4C28663EDC" box="[908,1105,1138,1164]" name="Christmas Island" pageId="146" pageNumber="145">Christmas Island</collectingCountry>
, Torres Strait Islands).
<collectingCountry id="F36A05D300AE43B34422CC4D2D793EFE" name="Papua New Guinea" pageId="146" pageNumber="145">Papua New Guinea</collectingCountry>
(mainland,
<collectingRegion id="49B98BA100AE43B340A7CCAB2E523EFE" box="[473,613,1172,1199]" country="Papua New Guinea" name="West New Britain" pageId="146" pageNumber="145">New Britain</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="49B98BA100AE43B3430CCCAB2F373EFE" box="[626,768,1172,1199]" country="Papua New Guinea" name="New Ireland" pageId="146" pageNumber="145">New Ireland</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="49B98BA100AE43B34272CCAB2F6C3EFF" box="[780,859,1173,1199]" country="Papua New Guinea" name="Manus" pageId="146" pageNumber="145">Manus</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="49B98BA100AE43B34216CCAA2FCE3EFE" box="[872,1017,1172,1198]" country="Papua New Guinea" name="Bougainville" pageId="146" pageNumber="145">Bougainville</collectingRegion>
).
<collectingCountry id="F36A05D300AE43B34572CCAA28FF3EFE" box="[1036,1224,1172,1198]" name="Solomon Islands" pageId="146" pageNumber="145">Solomon Islands</collectingCountry>
(Shortland Group,
<collectingRegion id="49B98BA100AE43B341BCCC882D1F3E80" box="[194,296,1206,1232]" country="Solomon Islands" name="Choiseul" pageId="146" pageNumber="145">Choiseul</collectingRegion>
, Vella Lavella, Gizo, Kolombangara, New
<collectingCountry id="F36A05D300AE43B34278CC882F553E80" box="[774,866,1206,1232]" name="Georgia" pageId="146" pageNumber="145">Georgia</collectingCountry>
, Isabel, Russell, Florida, Guadalcanal, Malaita,
<collectingCountry id="F36A05D300AE43B34404CC882D1C3EA1" name="Saint Kitts and Nevis" pageId="146" pageNumber="145">San Cristobal</collectingCountry>
, Rennell and Bellona, Santa Cruz, Reef Islands).
<collectingCountry id="F36A05D300AE43B3422CCCE62F873EA2" box="[850,944,1240,1266]" name="Vanuatu" pageId="146" pageNumber="145">Vanuatu</collectingCountry>
(Torres Islands, Banks Islands, Santo, Malekula, Ambae, Maewo, Pentecost, Ambrym, Epi-Paama-Tongoa, Efate, Erromanga, Tanna, Aneityum).
<collectingCountry id="F36A05D300AE43B34413CCC72D053F64" name="New Caledonia" pageId="146" pageNumber="145">New Caledonia</collectingCountry>
(mainland, Maré, Lifou).
<collectingCountry id="F36A05D300AE43B3432DCD242EA43F64" box="[595,659,1306,1332]" name="Palau" pageId="146" pageNumber="145">Palau</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC2454300AE43B341BECD7A29123F0E" blockId="146.[192,1317,1348,1375]" box="[192,1317,1348,1375]" pageId="146" pageNumber="145">
<emphasis id="B909995100AE43B341BECD7A2D013F0E" bold="true" box="[192,310,1348,1374]" pageId="146" pageNumber="145">Male lure.</emphasis>
Methyl eugenol. Weak attraction to isoeugenol and methyl-isoeugenol (
<bibRefCitation id="EFEC38B200AE43B34526CD7A292E3F0E" author="Royer JE &amp; Agovaua S. &amp; Bokosou J &amp; Kurika K &amp; Mararuai A &amp; Mayer DG &amp; Niangu B." box="[1112,1305,1348,1375]" pageId="146" pageNumber="145" pagination="40 - 49" refId="ref50460" refString="Royer JE, Agovaua S., Bokosou J, Kurika K, Mararuai A, Mayer DG, Niangu B. 2018. Responses of fruit flies to new attractants in Papua New Guinea. Austral Entomology 57: 40 - 49." type="journal article" year="2018">Royer et al. 2018</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36716C800AE43B341BECD5029973C39" pageId="146" pageNumber="145" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8BC2454300AE43B341BECD5028953FFA" blockId="146.[192,1440,1390,1450]" pageId="146" pageNumber="145">
<emphasis id="B909995100AE43B341BECD502D673FD8" bold="true" box="[192,336,1390,1416]" pageId="146" pageNumber="145">Host plants.</emphasis>
Category B pest (
<bibRefCitation id="EFEC38B200AE43B3435FCD502EC63FD9" author="Vargas RI &amp; Pinero JC &amp; Leblanc L." box="[545,753,1390,1417]" pageId="146" pageNumber="145" pagination="297 - 318" refId="ref51968" refString="Vargas RI, Pinero JC, Leblanc L. 2015. An overview of pest species of Bactrocera fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) and the integration of biopesticides with other biological approaches for their management with a focus on the Pacific region. Insects 6: 297 - 318." type="journal article" year="2015">Vargas et al. 2015</bibRefCitation>
) of
<taxonomicName id="4C7D3EC000AE43B3425FCD502FE53FD8" box="[801,978,1390,1416]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Moraceae" genus="Artocarpus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="146" pageNumber="145" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B909995100AE43B3425FCD502FAC3FD8" box="[801,923,1390,1416]" italics="true" pageId="146" pageNumber="145">Artocarpus</emphasis>
spp.
</taxonomicName>
Records in
<collectingCountry id="F36A05D300AE43B34521CD5029263FD8" box="[1119,1297,1390,1416]" name="New Caledonia" pageId="146" pageNumber="145">New Caledonia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F36A05D300AE43B34461CD502D233FF9" name="Papua New Guinea" pageId="146" pageNumber="145">Papua New Guinea</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F36A05D300AE43B34060CDB12DED3FF9" box="[286,474,1423,1449]" name="Solomon Islands" pageId="146" pageNumber="145">Solomon Islands</collectingCountry>
, and
<collectingCountry id="F36A05D300AE43B3436BCDAE2E413FFA" box="[533,630,1424,1450]" name="Vanuatu" pageId="146" pageNumber="145">Vanuatu</collectingCountry>
:
<taxonomicName id="4C7D3EC000AE43B34301CDB12F2D3FF9" box="[639,794,1423,1449]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Moraceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="146" pageNumber="145" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">MORACEAE</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="4C7D3EC000AE43B3425DCDAE2FD73FF9" box="[803,992,1423,1450]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Moraceae" genus="Artocarpus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="146" pageNumber="145" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="altilis">
<emphasis id="B909995100AE43B3425DCDAE2FD73FF9" box="[803,992,1423,1450]" italics="true" pageId="146" pageNumber="145">Artocarpus altilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C7D3EC000AE43B34292CDAE28AB3FF9" box="[1004,1180,1423,1450]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Moraceae" genus="Artocarpus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="146" pageNumber="145" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="heterophyllus">
<emphasis id="B909995100AE43B34292CDAE28AB3FF9" box="[1004,1180,1423,1450]" italics="true" pageId="146" pageNumber="145">A. heterophyllus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC2454300AE43B341BECD872EC83F83" blockId="146.[192,767,1465,1491]" box="[192,767,1465,1491]" pageId="146" pageNumber="145">
<emphasis id="B909995100AE43B341BECD872E223F83" bold="true" box="[192,533,1465,1491]" pageId="146" pageNumber="145">Edible hosts common names.</emphasis>
breadfruit, jackfruit.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC2454300AE43B341BECDDC2FCA3C10" blockId="146.[192,1441,1506,1600]" pageId="146" pageNumber="145">
<emphasis id="B909995100AE43B341BECDDC2D173FAC" bold="true" box="[192,288,1506,1532]" pageId="146" pageNumber="145">Biology.</emphasis>
Adults mate at dusk, (Allwood 1997). Occurs in very large populations in lowland areas, and populations peak in December-January in the
<collectingCountry id="F36A05D300AE43B343E3CE3A2F6A3C4E" box="[669,861,1540,1566]" name="Solomon Islands" pageId="146" pageNumber="145">Solomon Islands</collectingCountry>
, which corresponds to the main breadfruit season (
<bibRefCitation id="EFEC38B200AE43B341B9CE182DA63C10" author="Vagalo M &amp; Hollingsworth RG &amp; Tsatsia F." box="[199,401,1574,1600]" pageId="146" pageNumber="145" pagination="81 - 86" refId="ref51651" refString="Vagalo M, Hollingsworth RG, Tsatsia F. 1997. Fruit fly fauna in Solomon Islands. p. 81 - 86. In: Allwood AJ, Drew RAI (eds.). Management of fruit flies in the Pacific. ACIAR Proceedings No 76. Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research; Canberra. 267 p." type="book chapter" year="1997">Vagalo et al. 1997</bibRefCitation>
). Monthly trapping data illustrated on
<figureCitation id="134659C600AE43B3423ECE182FF43C10" box="[832,963,1574,1600]" captionStart="Figure 131" captionStartId="147.[192,268,1330,1356]" captionTargetBox="[398,1285,216,1297]" captionTargetId="figure-75@147.[395,1303,213,1300]" captionTargetPageId="147" captionText="Figure 131. Mean (±SE) daily captures of Bactrocera umbrosa (Fabricius) in methyl eugenol traps maintained: A) in Vanuatu (Efate Island) between January 1996 and September 1997, based on 9 trapping sites (n = 165, mean FTD = 7.99), and B) in New Caledonia (Mainland) between January 1996 and December 1998, based on 9 trapping sites (n = 324, mean FTD = 2.22)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7301243" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7301243/files/figure.png" pageId="146" pageNumber="145">Figures 131</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="134659C600AE43B342B0CE182FCE3C10" box="[974,1017,1574,1600]" captionStart="Figure 132" captionStartId="148.[194,270,786,812]" captionTargetBox="[372,1246,227,754]" captionTargetId="figure-281@148.[361,1270,217,757]" captionTargetPageId="148" captionText="Figure 132. Mean (±SE) daily captures of Bactrocera umbrosa (Fabricius) in methyl eugenol traps maintained in the Solomon Islands (Guadalcanal Island) between April 1999 and August 2001, based on 10 trapping sites (n = 228, mean FTD = 13.33)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7301245" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7301245/files/figure.png" pageId="146" pageNumber="145">132</figureCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC2454300AE43B341BECE7129973C39" blockId="146.[192,1440,1615,1642]" box="[192,1440,1615,1642]" pageId="146" pageNumber="145">
<emphasis id="B909995100AE43B341BECE712D3D3C39" bold="true" box="[192,266,1615,1641]" pageId="146" pageNumber="145">Notes.</emphasis>
The only pest dacine species known to be naturally distributed across Lydekker’s line (
<bibRefCitation id="EFEC38B200AE43B345B9CE7129A23C39" author="Krosch MN &amp; Schutze MK &amp; Newman J &amp; Strutt F &amp; Bryant LM &amp; McMahon J &amp; Clarke AR" box="[1223,1429,1615,1642]" pageId="146" pageNumber="145" pagination="602 - 613" refId="ref48667" refString="Krosch MN, Schutze MK, Newman J, Strutt F, Bryant LM, McMahon J, Clarke AR. 2019. In the footsteps of Wallace: population structure in the breadfruit fruitfly, Bactrocera umbrosa (F.) (Diptera: Tephritidae), suggests disjunction across the Indo-Australian Archipelago. Austral Entomology 58: 602 - 613." type="journal article" year="2019">Krosch et al. 2019</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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