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<mods:title id="7F7901FA106DDDFB2ECBD3BB0C98BCDB">Redescription of two overlooked species of the Perinereis nuntia complex and morphological delimitation of P. nuntia (Savigny in Lamarck, 1818) from the Red Sea (Annelida, Nereididae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="C8907218C7E77E3DEC9898B57A253188">Villalobos-Guerrero, Tulio F.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="E8F799EA316F69E1B7D0D548513E0597">Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Departamento de Sistemática y Ecología Acuática, Chetumal, Quintana Roo, 77014, México (Mexico) tulio 1786 @ msn. com</mods:affiliation>
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<subSubSection id="C3016518F478BE4DA542A758FDBC749B" box="[271,636,630,656]" pageId="5" pageNumber="468" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BA43693F478BE4DA542A758FDBC749B" blockId="5.[271,636,630,656]" box="[271,636,630,656]" pageId="5" pageNumber="468">
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<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D10F478BE4DA542A758FE0B749B" ID-CoL="4F2HT" baseAuthorityName="Savigny in Lamarck" baseAuthorityYear="1818" box="[271,459,630,656]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Perinereis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="5" pageNumber="468" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="nuntia">
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F478BE4DA542A758FE0B749B" bold="true" box="[271,459,630,656]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="468">Perinereis nuntia</emphasis>
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species complex
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<paragraph id="8BA43693F478BE4DA4C9A781FD9874CC" blockId="5.[132,600,687,711]" box="[132,600,687,711]" pageId="5" pageNumber="468">
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<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D10F478BE4DA4C9A781FF1D74CD" ID-CoL="84RXY" authorityName="Kinberg" authorityYear="1865" box="[132,221,687,710]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Perinereis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="5" pageNumber="468" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F478BE4DA4C9A781FF1D74CD" box="[132,221,687,710]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="468">Perinereis</emphasis>
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group 3 – 
<treatmentCitation id="0ABA1082F478BE4DA507A781FD9474CC" author="HUTCHINGS P. A. &amp; REID A. &amp; WILSON R. S." box="[330,596,687,711]" page="271" pageId="5" pageNumber="468" year="1991">
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A4B62F478BE4DA507A781FD9474CC" author="HUTCHINGS P. A. &amp; REID A. &amp; WILSON R. S." box="[330,596,687,711]" pageId="5" pageNumber="468" pagination="241 - 274" refId="ref27178" refString="HUTCHINGS P. A., REID A. &amp; WILSON R. S. 1991. - Perinereis (Polychaeta, Nereididae) from Australia, with redescriptions of six additional species. Records of the Australian Museum 43: 241 - 274. https: // doi. org / 10.3853 / j. 0067 - 1975.43.1991.47" type="journal article" year="1991">
Hutchings 
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F478BE4DA5FAA781FE2674CC" box="[439,486,687,711]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="468">et al.</emphasis>
1991: 271
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.
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA43693F478BE4DA4C9A7F1FE56751A" blockId="5.[132,774,734,785]" pageId="5" pageNumber="468">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB0B11BDF478BE4DA4C9A7F1FE56751A" pageId="5" pageNumber="468">
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D10F478BE4DA4C9A7F1FEE474FD" ID-CoL="4F2HT" baseAuthorityName="Savigny in Lamarck" baseAuthorityYear="1818" box="[132,292,735,758]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Perinereis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="5" pageNumber="468" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="nuntia">
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F478BE4DA4C9A7F1FEE474FD" box="[132,292,735,758]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="468">Perinereis nuntia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species group – 
<treatmentCitation id="0ABA1082F478BE4DA58AA7F0FD2374FD" author="WILSON R. S. &amp; GLASBY C. J." box="[455,739,734,758]" page="259" pageId="5" pageNumber="468" year="1993">
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A4B62F478BE4DA58AA7F0FD2374FD" author="WILSON R. S. &amp; GLASBY C. J." box="[455,739,734,758]" pageId="5" pageNumber="468" pagination="253 - 277" refId="ref29091" refString="WILSON R. S. &amp; GLASBY C. J. 1993. - A revision of the Perinereis nuntia species group (Polychaeta: Nereididae). Records of the Australian Museum 45 (3): 253 - 277. https: // doi. org / 10.385 3 / j. 0067 - 1975.45.1993.23" type="journal article" year="1993">Wilson &amp; Glasby 1993: 259</bibRefCitation>
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. — 
<treatmentCitation id="0ABA1082F478BE4DA4C9A7D7FE52751A" author="GLASBY C. J. &amp; HSIEH H. - L." box="[132,402,761,785]" page="558" pageId="5" pageNumber="468" year="2006">
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A4B62F478BE4DA4C9A7D7FE52751A" author="GLASBY C. J. &amp; HSIEH H. - L." box="[132,402,761,785]" pageId="5" pageNumber="468" pagination="553 - 577" refId="ref26257" refString="GLASBY C. J. &amp; HSIEH H. - L. 2006. - New species and new records of the Perinereis nuntia species group (Nereididae: Polychaeta) fromTaiwan and other Indo-West Pacific shores. Zoological Studies 45 (4): 553 - 577. http: // zoolstud. sinica. edu. tw / Journals / 45.4 / 553. html (last consultation 28 / 10 / 2019)." type="journal article" year="2006">Glasby &amp; Hsieh 2006: 558</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C3016518F478BE4DA4C9A607FEA7704B" pageId="5" pageNumber="468" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BA43693F478BE4DA4C9A607FEA7704B" blockId="5.[131,776,809,1600]" pageId="5" pageNumber="468">
DIAGNOSIS (MODIFIED AFTER 
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A4B62F478BE4DA5E6A604FD497549" author="GLASBY C. J. &amp; HSIEH H. - L." box="[427,649,810,834]" pageId="5" pageNumber="468" pagination="553 - 577" refId="ref26257" refString="GLASBY C. J. &amp; HSIEH H. - L. 2006. - New species and new records of the Perinereis nuntia species group (Nereididae: Polychaeta) fromTaiwan and other Indo-West Pacific shores. Zoological Studies 45 (4): 553 - 577. http: // zoolstud. sinica. edu. tw / Journals / 45.4 / 553. html (last consultation 28 / 10 / 2019)." type="journal article" year="2006">Glasby &amp; Hsieh 2006</bibRefCitation>
). — Prostomium with entire anterior margin, anterolateral edges wider than antennal diameter. Antennae present. Two pairs of eyes, anterior pair more widely spaced than posterior pair; lens anterolateral in anterior pair, posterolateral in posterior one. Palpophore with transverse groove present; palpostyles conical. Four pairs of tentacular cirri with distinct cirrophores. Apodous anterior segment, greater than length of chaetiger 1. Eversible pharynx with one pair of jaws, each with two or more canals emerging from pulp cavity. Both rings of pharynx with paragnaths, rarely absent on any of areas. Conical paragnaths on all areas, except AVI with 3-20 shield-shaped or pyramidal-shaped paragnaths on each side in a single row (sometimes few cones present); AIV occasionally with merged paragnaths. AVI-V-VI patterns: λ- shaped, χ- shaped, υ- shaped, or ɔc-shaped. Notopodia with dorsal and median ligules from third parapodia. Dorsal cirri displacing progressively on dorsal ligule. Dorsal ligule similar in size and shape to median ligule throughout body or barely uneven. Notoacicular process present. Neuropodial postchaetal lobe poorly developed, rounded. Neuropodial superior and inferior lobes present at least in anterior parapodia, blunt. Ventral ligule present throughout body. Single ventral cirri throughout body. Notoaciculae and notochaetae on chaetigers 1 and 2, absent, thereafter present. Aciculae black. Notochaeta: homogomph spinigers, present throughout body. Neurochaeta, supracicular fascicle: homogomph spinigers and heterogomph falcigers, both present throughout body. Neurochaeta, subacicular fascicle: heterogomph spinigers present at least in median and posterior chaetigers, heterogomph falcigers present throughout body (homogomph spinigers rarely present). Anal cirri with cirrophore. Paired esophageal caeca present. Glandular patches present in dorsal ligule.
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA43693F478BE4DA4C9A35DFF287080" blockId="5.[130,777,1651,2028]" box="[132,232,1651,1677]" pageId="5" pageNumber="468">REMARKS</paragraph>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8A4B62F478BE4DA4C9A3BCFED370A6" author="GRUBE A. E." box="[132,275,1682,1709]" pageId="5" pageNumber="468" refId="ref26433" refString="GRUBE A. E. 1851. - Die Familien der Anneliden, mit Angabe ihrer Gattungen und Arten. Ein systematischer Versuch. Nicolai'schen Buchhandlung, Berlin. 164 p. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 46818" type="book" year="1851">Grube (1851)</bibRefCitation>
referred all the known nereidids having biramous parapodia and three ligules in 
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D10F478BE4DA5FDA39DFD5270C6" authority="Linnaeus, 1758" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[432,658,1714,1741]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Nereis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="5" pageNumber="468" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F478BE4DA5FDA39DFE2D70C7" box="[432,493,1715,1740]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="468">Nereis</emphasis>
Linnaeus, 1758
</taxonomicName>
, which was simultaneously divided into three subgenera: 
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D10F478BE4DA625A3FDFF087107" authority="" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Nereis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="5" pageNumber="468" phylum="Annelida" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Heteronereis">
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F478BE4DA625A3FDFD6770E7" box="[616,679,1747,1772]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="468">Nereis</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F478BE4DA6FAA3FDFF7E7107" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="468">Heteronereis</emphasis>
)
</taxonomicName>
, 
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F478BE4DA499A3DDFF307107" box="[212,240,1779,1804]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="468">N.</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F478BE4DA54DA3DCFEA97107" box="[256,361,1778,1804]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="468">Nereilepas</emphasis>
), and 
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F478BE4DA5E3A3DDFE0A7107" box="[430,458,1779,1804]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="468">N.</emphasis>
(
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D10F478BE4DA594A3DDFDD87107" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[473,536,1779,1804]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Nereis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="5" pageNumber="468" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F478BE4DA594A3DDFDD87107" box="[473,536,1779,1804]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="468">Nereis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). The latter subgenus, which included 
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D10F478BE4DA579A23CFE5E7120" baseAuthorityName="Savigny in Lamarck" baseAuthorityYear="1818" box="[308,414,1810,1835]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Perinereis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="5" pageNumber="468" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="nuntia">
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F478BE4DA579A23CFE5E7120" box="[308,414,1810,1835]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="468">N. nuntia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, was characterized by the species bearing long dorsal cirri (projecting beyond dorsal ligule). Later, 
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A4B62F478BE4DA486A27FFEB87167" author="KINBERG J. G. H." box="[203,376,1873,1900]" pageId="5" pageNumber="468" pagination="167 - 179" refId="ref27438" refString="KINBERG J. G. H. 1865. - Annulata nova. Nereidum dispositio nova. Ofversigt af Kongelige Vetenskaps-Akademiens Forhandlingar 22: 167 - 179. http: // biostor. org / reference / 105758" type="journal article" year="1865">Kinberg (1865)</bibRefCitation>
established several genera using the arrangement of areas and occurrence of papillae/paragnaths on the pharynx. For instance, he proposed 
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D10F478BE4DA60DA2BFFD5D71A0" authorityName="Kinberg" authorityYear="1865" box="[576,669,1937,1963]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Neanthes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="5" pageNumber="468" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F478BE4DA60DA2BFFD5D71A0" box="[576,669,1937,1963]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="468">Neanthes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by having similar-sized parapodia throughout body and only conical paragnaths on all pharyngeal areas; whereas 
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D10F478BE4DA605A2FCFCA276F9" authority="Kinberg, 1865" authorityName="Kinberg" authorityYear="1865" box="[584,866,215,2027]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Perinereis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="5" pageNumber="468" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F478BE4DA605A2FCFD6871E0" box="[584,680,2002,2027]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="468">Perinereis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A4B62F478BE4DA6E0A2FFFCA276F9" author="KINBERG J. G. H." box="[685,866,215,2027]" pageId="5" pageNumber="468" pagination="167 - 179" refId="ref27438" refString="KINBERG J. G. H. 1865. - Annulata nova. Nereidum dispositio nova. Ofversigt af Kongelige Vetenskaps-Akademiens Forhandlingar 22: 167 - 179. http: // biostor. org / reference / 105758" type="journal article" year="1865">Kinberg, 1865</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
by having parapodia progressively changing throughout body and pharynx with conical and transverse paragnaths, lacking pectiniform (or rod-like, 
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F478BE4DA0D6A436FB0F773A" box="[1179,1231,280,305]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="468">sensu</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A4B62F478BE4DA09BA439FA66773A" author="BAKKEN T. &amp; GLASBY C. J. &amp; WILSON R. S." box="[1238,1446,279,305]" pageId="5" pageNumber="468" pagination="305 - 316" refId="ref24790" refString="BAKKEN T., GLASBY C. J. &amp; WILSON R. S. 2009. - A review of paragnath morphology in Nereididae (Polychaeta). Zoosymposia 2: 305 - 316. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zoosymposia. 2.1.21" type="journal article" year="2009">
Bakken 
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F478BE4DA17DA436FAA6773A" box="[1328,1382,279,305]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="468">et al.</emphasis>
2009
</bibRefCitation>
) paragnaths. However, Kinberg overlooked 
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D10F478BE4DA14BA416FAB2775A" baseAuthorityName="Savigny in Lamarck" baseAuthorityYear="1818" box="[1286,1394,312,337]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Perinereis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="5" pageNumber="468" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="nuntia">
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F478BE4DA14BA416FAB2775A" box="[1286,1394,312,337]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="468">N. nuntia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Few years later, 
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A4B62F478BE4DA7E4A479FBFF777A" author="EHLERS E." box="[937,1087,343,369]" pageId="5" pageNumber="468" pagination="269 - 748" refId="ref25274" refString="EHLERS E. 1868. - Die Borstenwurmer (Annelida Chaetopoda) nach Systematischen und Anatomischen Untersuchungen. Verlag von Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig, xx + 269, 269 - 748. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 2081" type="journal article" year="1868">Ehlers (1868)</bibRefCitation>
lumped all Kinberg’s genera with paragnaths in 
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D10F478BE4DA78FA459FBC1779B" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[962,1025,375,400]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Nereis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="5" pageNumber="468" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F478BE4DA78FA459FBC1779B" box="[962,1025,375,400]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="468">Nereis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and included 
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D10F478BE4DA0EDA459FAC7779B" baseAuthorityName="Savigny in Lamarck" baseAuthorityYear="1818" box="[1184,1287,375,400]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Perinereis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="5" pageNumber="468" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="nuntia">
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F478BE4DA0EDA459FAC7779B" box="[1184,1287,375,400]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="468">N. nuntia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in a group with similar-sized or slightly uneven parapodia throughout body and paragnaths on all areas. Afterward, 
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A4B62F478BE4DA0A0A498FA7077DA" author="CLAPAREDE E." box="[1261,1456,438,465]" pageId="5" pageNumber="468" pagination="365 - 542" refId="ref24949" refString="CLAPAREDE E. 1870. - Les Annelides Chetopodes du Golfe de Naples. Supplement. Memoires de la Societe de physique et d'histoire naturelle de Geneve 20 (2): 365 - 542. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 18576 # page / 13" type="journal article" year="1870">Claparède (1870)</bibRefCitation>
separated a few species of 
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D10F478BE4DA009A4F9FB4377FB" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[1092,1155,471,496]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Nereis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="5" pageNumber="468" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F478BE4DA009A4F9FB4377FB" box="[1092,1155,471,496]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="468">Nereis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in different subgenera.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA43693F478BE4DA70EA4D8FC3F7305" blockId="5.[811,1457,215,2028]" pageId="5" pageNumber="468">
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A4B62F478BE4DA70EA4D8FC1A741A" author="GRUBE A. E." box="[835,986,502,529]" pageId="5" pageNumber="468" pagination="56 - 72" refId="ref26672" refString="GRUBE A. E. 1874. - Die Familie der Lycorideen und die Aufstellung von Gruppen in der Gattung Nereis. Jahres-Bericht der Schlesischen Gesellschaft fur vaterlandische Cultur 51: 56 - 72. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 118508 # page / 76" type="journal article" year="1874">Grube (1874)</bibRefCitation>
developed an accurate analysis of nereidids morphology, and despite the fact that he did not recognize several of the Kinberg’s genera, including 
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D10F478BE4DA0BEA718FA91745B" authorityName="Kinberg" authorityYear="1865" box="[1267,1361,566,592]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Neanthes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="5" pageNumber="468" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F478BE4DA0BEA718FA91745B" box="[1267,1361,566,592]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="468">Neanthes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, he suggested that Kinberg’s classification of pharyngeal armament was useful for practical purposes. Thus, 
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A4B62F478BE4DA0ACA758FAB9749B" author="GRUBE A. E." box="[1249,1401,630,656]" pageId="5" pageNumber="468" pagination="56 - 72" refId="ref26672" refString="GRUBE A. E. 1874. - Die Familie der Lycorideen und die Aufstellung von Gruppen in der Gattung Nereis. Jahres-Bericht der Schlesischen Gesellschaft fur vaterlandische Cultur 51: 56 - 72. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 118508 # page / 76" type="journal article" year="1874">Grube (1874)</bibRefCitation>
proposed several subgenera of 
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D10F478BE4DA017A7B8FB5A74A4" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[1114,1178,662,687]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Nereis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="5" pageNumber="468" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F478BE4DA017A7B8FB5A74A4" box="[1114,1178,662,687]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="468">Nereis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
based on the occurrence of papillae and/or paragnaths on a single or both rings of pharynx; among them, 
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F478BE4DA064A7F8FB8574E4" box="[1065,1093,726,751]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="468">N.</emphasis>
(
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D10F478BE4DA01CA7F8FB5774E4" box="[1105,1175,726,751]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Lycoris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="5" pageNumber="468" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F478BE4DA01CA7F8FB5774E4" box="[1105,1175,726,751]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="468">Lycoris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) that was characterized by having only conical paragnaths on both rings. This subgenus was simultaneously divided into three groups mainly by the number and arrangement of paragnaths on AVI: 1) four or five paragnaths in quadrangle or cross, or more in a circular group (e.g. 
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D10F478BE4DA7E7A658FB0F759B" authority="Linnaeus, 1758" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[938,1231,885,912]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Nereis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="5" pageNumber="468" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="pelagica">
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F478BE4DA7E7A658FBDF7584" box="[938,1055,885,911]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="468">N. pelagica</emphasis>
Linnaeus, 1758
</taxonomicName>
and related species); 2) several paragnaths in a long single arched row, running towards the middle of AV (e.g. 
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D10F478BE4DA0CFA69BFB2C75C5" baseAuthorityName="Savigny in Lamarck" baseAuthorityYear="1818" box="[1154,1260,949,974]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Perinereis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="5" pageNumber="468" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="nuntia">
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F478BE4DA0CFA69BFB2C75C5" box="[1154,1260,949,974]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="468">N. nuntia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species complex); and 3) paragnaths in an oval or rounded patch of transverse rows, or a small linear transverse row of three cones (e.g. 
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D10F478BE4DA760A13BFB9A7225" authority="Malmgren, 1867" authorityName="Malmgren" authorityYear="1867" box="[813,1114,1044,1070]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Nereis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="5" pageNumber="468" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="zonata">
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F478BE4DA760A13BFC577225" box="[813,919,1045,1070]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="468">N. zonata</emphasis>
Malmgren, 1867
</taxonomicName>
and related species). Likewise, 
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A4B62F478BE4DA763A11AFC067244" author="GRUBE A. E." box="[814,966,1076,1103]" pageId="5" pageNumber="468" pagination="56 - 72" refId="ref26672" refString="GRUBE A. E. 1874. - Die Familie der Lycorideen und die Aufstellung von Gruppen in der Gattung Nereis. Jahres-Bericht der Schlesischen Gesellschaft fur vaterlandische Cultur 51: 56 - 72. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 118508 # page / 76" type="journal article" year="1874">Grube (1874)</bibRefCitation>
also proposed 
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F478BE4DA026A11BFB477245" box="[1131,1159,1077,1102]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="468">N.</emphasis>
(
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D10F478BE4DA0DAA11BFB3A7245" authorityName="Kinberg" authorityYear="1865" box="[1175,1274,1077,1102]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Perinereis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="5" pageNumber="468" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F478BE4DA0DAA11BFB3A7245" box="[1175,1274,1077,1102]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="468">Perinereis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) mainly by having AVI with 1-2 paragnaths transversely stretched. Later, 
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A4B62F478BE4DA763A15BFBED7284" author="VON MARENZELLER E." box="[814,1069,1140,1167]" pageId="5" pageNumber="468" pagination="109 - 154" refId="ref28716" refString="VON MARENZELLER E. 1879. - Sudjapanische Anneliden, 1. Amphinomea, Aphroditea, Lycoridea, Phyllodocea, Hesionea, Syllidea, Eunicea, Glycerea, Sternaspidea, Chaetopterea, Cirratulea, Amphictenea. Denkschriften der Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften 41: 109 - 154. http: // biostor. org / reference / 67240" type="journal article" year="1879">von Marenzeller (1879)</bibRefCitation>
described a new species (
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D10F478BE4DA171A15BFCBB72A5" baseAuthorityName="von Marenzeller" baseAuthorityYear="1879" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Nereis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="5" pageNumber="468" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="mictodonta">
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F478BE4DA171A15BFCBB72A5" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="468">Nereis mictodonta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) related to 
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D10F478BE4DA7B5A1BBFBA072A5" baseAuthorityName="Savigny in Lamarck" baseAuthorityYear="1818" box="[1016,1120,1173,1198]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Perinereis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="5" pageNumber="468" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="nuntia">
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F478BE4DA7B5A1BBFBA072A5" box="[1016,1120,1173,1198]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="468">N. nuntia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-like species, and he stated that this group could not be included in the genus 
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D10F478BE4DA16DA19BFA4372C5" authorityName="Kinberg" authorityYear="1865" box="[1312,1411,1205,1230]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Perinereis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="5" pageNumber="468" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F478BE4DA16DA19BFA4372C5" box="[1312,1411,1205,1230]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="468">Perinereis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
nor 
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D10F478BE4DA760A1FAFC4B72E5" authorityName="Kinberg" authorityYear="1865" box="[813,907,1236,1262]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Neanthes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="5" pageNumber="468" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F478BE4DA760A1FAFC4B72E5" box="[813,907,1236,1262]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="468">Neanthes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by sometimes having either conical and transverse paragnaths on AVI.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA43693F478BE4EA70EA03DFD74779A" blockId="5.[811,1457,215,2028]" lastBlockId="6.[130,778,215,2027]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="469" pageId="5" pageNumber="468">
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A4B62F478BE4DA70EA03DFBCC7325" author="LANGERHANS P." box="[835,1036,1299,1326]" pageId="5" pageNumber="468" pagination="271 - 316" refId="ref27629" refString="LANGERHANS P. 1880. - Die Wurmfauna Madeiras. II. Zeitschrift fur wissenschaftliche Zoologie 33 (1 - 2): 271 - 316. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 164138 # page / 281" type="journal article" year="1880">Langerhans (1880)</bibRefCitation>
recognized the generic level of 
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D10F478BE4DA103A03AFA6F7326" authorityName="Kinberg" authorityYear="1865" box="[1358,1455,1300,1325]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Perinereis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="5" pageNumber="468" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F478BE4DA103A03AFA6F7326" box="[1358,1455,1300,1325]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="468">Perinereis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with no further details. 
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A4B62F478BE4DA068A01AFB737345" author="HORST R." box="[1061,1203,1331,1358]" pageId="5" pageNumber="468" pagination="161 - 186" refId="ref27056" refString="HORST R. 1889. - Contributions towards the knowledge of the Annelida Polychaeta. Part 3. On species of Nereis, belonging to the sub-genus Perinereis. Notes from the Leyden Museum 11: 161 - 186. http: // direct. biostor. org / reference / 147253" type="journal article" year="1889">Horst (1889)</bibRefCitation>
, based mainly in 
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A4B62F478BE4DA127A01DFCB87365" author="GRUBE A. E." pageId="5" pageNumber="468" pagination="56 - 72" refId="ref26672" refString="GRUBE A. E. 1874. - Die Familie der Lycorideen und die Aufstellung von Gruppen in der Gattung Nereis. Jahres-Bericht der Schlesischen Gesellschaft fur vaterlandische Cultur 51: 56 - 72. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 118508 # page / 76" type="journal article" year="1874">Grube (1874)</bibRefCitation>
, extended the 
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F478BE4DA05AA07AFBF37366" box="[1047,1075,1364,1389]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="468">N.</emphasis>
(
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D10F478BE4DA00FA07AFB657366" authorityName="Kinberg" authorityYear="1865" box="[1090,1189,1364,1389]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Perinereis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="5" pageNumber="468" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F478BE4DA00FA07AFB657366" box="[1090,1189,1364,1389]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="468">Perinereis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) definition by including those species in which the AVI have either only transverse paragnaths, or both conical and transverse paragnaths. He included 
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D10F478BE4DA7C2A09AFA4273C6" authority="(Audouin &amp; Milne-Edwards, 1833)" baseAuthorityName="Audouin &amp; Milne-Edwards" baseAuthorityYear="1833" box="[911,1410,1459,1485]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Perinereis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="5" pageNumber="468" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="marionii">
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F478BE4DA7C2A09AFBC173C6" box="[911,1025,1460,1485]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="468">P. marionii</emphasis>
(Audouin &amp; Milne-Edwards, 1833)
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D10F478BE4DA766A0FAFC7973E6" baseAuthorityName="von Marenzeller" baseAuthorityYear="1879" box="[811,953,1491,1517]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Nereis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="5" pageNumber="468" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="mictodonta">
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F478BE4DA766A0FAFC7973E6" box="[811,953,1491,1517]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="468">P. mictodonta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but 
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D10F478BE4DA7BAA0FAFBA273E6" baseAuthorityName="Savigny in Lamarck" baseAuthorityYear="1818" box="[1015,1122,1492,1517]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Perinereis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="5" pageNumber="468" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="nuntia">
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F478BE4DA7BAA0FAFBA273E6" box="[1015,1122,1492,1517]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="468">N. nuntia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was not mentioned. Later, de Saint-Joseph (1898) recognized as valid several of the Kinberg’s names, either as genus or subgenus, based only on the pharyngeal characters, excluding all parapodial features. As a consequence, 
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D10F478BE4DA79EA37DFBF67067" authorityName="Kinberg" authorityYear="1865" box="[979,1078,1619,1644]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Perinereis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="5" pageNumber="468" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F478BE4DA79EA37DFBF67067" box="[979,1078,1619,1644]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="468">Perinereis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was considered as valid only by the presence of conical and transverse paragnaths, whereas 
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D10F478BE4DA118A35CFA707087" authorityName="Kinberg" authorityYear="1865" box="[1365,1456,1650,1676]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Neanthes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="5" pageNumber="468" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F478BE4DA118A35CFA707087" box="[1365,1456,1650,1676]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="468">Neanthes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was regarded as a subgenus of 
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D10F478BE4DA039A3BDFB7370A7" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[1140,1203,1683,1708]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Nereis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="5" pageNumber="468" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F478BE4DA039A3BDFB7370A7" box="[1140,1203,1683,1708]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="468">Nereis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by having only conical paragnaths; nevertheless, it is noteworthy that 
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D10F478BE4DA156A39DFA4270C7" baseAuthorityName="Savigny in Lamarck" baseAuthorityYear="1818" box="[1307,1410,1715,1740]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Perinereis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="5" pageNumber="468" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="nuntia">
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F478BE4DA156A39DFA4270C7" box="[1307,1410,1715,1740]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="468">N. nuntia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was not considered in his proposal. Afterward, 
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A4B62F478BE4DA144A3FCFA6E70E7" author="GRAVIER C." box="[1289,1454,1746,1772]" pageId="5" pageNumber="468" pagination="147 - 268" refId="ref26379" refString="GRAVIER C. 1902. - Contribution a l'etude des annelides polychetes de la Mer Rouge (Suite). Nouvelles Archives du Museum d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, 4 e serie 3: 147 - 268. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 111884 # page / 159" type="journal article" year="1902">Gravier (1902)</bibRefCitation>
slightly improved the de Saint-Joseph’s classification but recognized that it is still necessary a greater understanding of subgenera delimitation. 
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A4B62F478BE4DA079A21FFB0D7147" author="GRAVIER C." box="[1076,1229,1841,1868]" pageId="5" pageNumber="468" pagination="234 - 244" refId="ref26334" refString="GRAVIER C. 1899. - Contribution a l'etude des annelides polychetes de la Mer Rouge. Bulletin du Museum d'Histoire Naturelle 5 (5): 234 - 244. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 6290" type="journal article" year="1899">Gravier (1899</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A4B62F478BE4DA091A21CFAD57147" author="GRAVIER C." box="[1244,1301,1842,1868]" pageId="5" pageNumber="468" pagination="147 - 268" refId="ref26379" refString="GRAVIER C. 1902. - Contribution a l'etude des annelides polychetes de la Mer Rouge (Suite). Nouvelles Archives du Museum d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, 4 e serie 3: 147 - 268. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 111884 # page / 159" type="journal article" year="1902">1902</bibRefCitation>
) proposed the inclusion of 
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D10F478BE4DA7F5A27CFBE27160" baseAuthorityName="Savigny in Lamarck" baseAuthorityYear="1818" box="[952,1058,1874,1899]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Perinereis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="5" pageNumber="468" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="nuntia">
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F478BE4DA7F5A27CFBE27160" box="[952,1058,1874,1899]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="468">N. nuntia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
into 
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F478BE4DA02CA27CFBBD7160" box="[1121,1149,1874,1899]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="468">N.</emphasis>
(
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D10F478BE4DA0C3A27FFB2D7160" authorityName="Kinberg" authorityYear="1865" box="[1166,1261,1873,1899]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Neanthes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="5" pageNumber="468" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F478BE4DA0C3A27FFB2D7160" box="[1166,1261,1873,1899]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="468">Neanthes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) by having apparently only conical paragnaths, particularly on AVI; likewise, he supported Horst definition of 
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D10F478BE4DA0D6A2BCFB3E71A0" authorityName="Kinberg" authorityYear="1865" box="[1179,1278,1938,1963]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Perinereis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="5" pageNumber="468" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F478BE4DA0D6A2BCFB3E71A0" box="[1179,1278,1938,1963]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="468">Perinereis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and described a new species (
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D10F478BE4DA7F4A29CFB8971C0" authorityName="Gravier" authorityYear="1899" box="[953,1097,1969,1995]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Perinereis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="5" pageNumber="468" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="heterodonta">
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F478BE4DA7F4A29CFB8971C0" box="[953,1097,1969,1995]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="468">P. heterodonta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) with conical and transverse paragnaths on such pharyngeal area. The generic level and the expanded definition of 
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D10F47BBE4EA5C0A5F6FE3376FA" authorityName="Kinberg" authorityYear="1865" box="[397,499,216,241]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Perinereis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="6" pageNumber="469" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F47BBE4EA5C0A5F6FE3376FA" box="[397,499,216,241]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="469">Perinereis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
prevailed mainly within French annelidologists (de Saint-Joseph 1906; 
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A4B62F47BBE4EA636A5D9FCC0771A" author="FAUVEL P." box="[635,768,247,273]" pageId="6" pageNumber="469" pagination="353 - 439" refId="ref25649" refString="FAUVEL P. 1911. - Annelides Polychetes du Golfe Persique recueillies par M. M. Bogoyawlensky. Archives de Zoologie Experimentale et Generale, 5 e serie, 6: 353 - 439. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 29668 # page / 483" type="journal article" year="1911">Fauvel 1911</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A4B62F47BBE4EA4C9A439FF7E773A" author="FAUVEL P." box="[132,190,279,305]" pageId="6" pageNumber="469" pagination="1 - 432" refId="ref25701" refString="FAUVEL P. 1914. - Annelides polychetes non-pelagiques provenant des campagnes de l'Hirondelle et de la Princesse-Alice (1885 - 1910). Resultats des campagnes scientifiques accomplies par le Prince Albert I 46: 1 - 432. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 18640 # page / 9" type="journal article" year="1914">1914</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A4B62F47BBE4EA485A439FEC2773A" author="FAUVEL P." box="[200,258,279,305]" pageId="6" pageNumber="469" pagination="329 - 344" refId="ref25757" refString="FAUVEL P. 1918. - Annelides Polychetes des cotes d'Arabie recoltees par M. Ch. Perez. Bulletin du Museum d'Histoire Naturelle 24 (5): 329 - 344. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 137427 # page / 353" type="journal article" year="1918">1918</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A4B62F47BBE4EA541A439FE86773A" author="FAUVEL P." box="[268,326,279,305]" pageId="6" pageNumber="469" pagination="315 - 473" refId="ref25806" refString="FAUVEL P. 1919. - Annelides polychetes de Madagascar, de Djibouti et du Golfe Persique. Archives de Zoologie experimentale et Generale 58: 315 - 473. https: // biostor. org / reference / 59085" type="journal article" year="1919">1919</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A4B62F47BBE4EA51DA439FE4A773A" author="FAUVEL P." box="[336,394,279,305]" pageId="6" pageNumber="469" pagination="1 - 32" refId="ref25846" refString="FAUVEL P. 1921. - Polychetes de Madagascar, du Museum d'Histoire naturelle recueillies par M. le Dr W. Kaudern en 1912. Arkiv for Zoologi 13: 1 - 32. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 30139 # page / 597" type="journal article" year="1921">1921</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A4B62F47BBE4EA5DEA439FE0E773A" author="FAUVEL P." box="[403,462,279,305]" pageId="6" pageNumber="469" pagination="1 - 262" refId="ref25961" refString="FAUVEL P. 1932. - Annelida Polychaeta of the Indian Museum, Calcutta. Memoirs of the Indian Museum 12: 1 - 262. http: // www. southasiaarchive. com / Content / sarf. 100012 / 203784 / 002 (last consultation 28 / 10 / 2019)." type="journal article" year="1932">1932</bibRefCitation>
), whereas the subgeneric level and the older definition by Grube prevailed within German, Dutch and English annelidologists (
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A4B62F47BBE4EA5B7A479FDB8777A" author="EHLERS E." box="[506,632,343,369]" pageId="6" pageNumber="469" pagination="158 - 176" refId="ref25321" refString="EHLERS E. 1897. - Zur Kenntnis der ostafrikanischen Borstenwurmer. Nachrichte de Koniglichen Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften Goettingen Mathematisch-Physikalische Klasse 2: 158 - 176. http: // www. digizeitschriften. de / dms / resolveppn /? PID = GDZPPN 002497816 (last consultation 28 / 10 / 2019)." type="journal article" year="1897">Ehlers 1897</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A4B62F47BBE4EA6C9A479FD7E7779" author="EHLERS E." box="[644,702,343,370]" pageId="6" pageNumber="469" pagination="281 - 302" refId="ref25457" refString="EHLERS E. 1905. - Anneliden der Sammlung Schauinsland (Ergebnisse einer Reise nach dem Pacific. Schauinsland 1896 / 97). Zoologische Jahrbucher, Abteilung fur Systematik, Geographie und Biologie der Tiere 22 (3): 281 - 302. http: // biostor. org / reference / 181321" type="journal article" year="1905">1905</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A4B62F47BBE4EA68AA479FCC1777A" author="EHLERS E." box="[711,769,343,369]" pageId="6" pageNumber="469" pagination="1 - 73" refId="ref25512" refString="EHLERS E. 1920. - Polychaeten von Java und Amboina. Ein Beitrag zur Kenntnis der malaiischen Strandfauna. Abhandlungen der koeniglichen Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften zu Goettingen, Series neue folge 10 (7): 1 - 73." type="journal article" year="1920">1920</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A4B62F47BBE4EA4CFA459FEDB779A" author="AUGENER H." box="[130,283,375,401]" pageId="6" pageNumber="469" pagination="65 - 304" refId="ref24415" refString="AUGENER H. 1913. - Polychaeta I, Errantia, in MICHAELSEN W. &amp; HARTMEYER R. (eds.), Die Fauna Sudwest-Australiens. Ergebnisse der Hamburger sudwest-australischen Forschungsreise 1905. Volume IV, Lieferung 5. Gustav Fischer, Jena: 65 - 304. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 31515 # page / 3" type="book chapter" year="1913">Augener 1913</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A4B62F47BBE4EA564A459FEA4779A" author="AUGENER H." box="[297,356,375,401]" pageId="6" pageNumber="469" pagination="67 - 625" refId="ref24481" refString="AUGENER H. 1918. - Polychaeta. Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Meeresfauna Westafrikas 2 (2): 67 - 625. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 7400" type="journal article" year="1918">1918</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A4B62F47BBE4EA522A459FDD8779A" author="MCINTOSH W. C." box="[367,536,375,401]" pageId="6" pageNumber="469" refId="ref27672" refString="MCINTOSH W. C. 1910. - A monograph of the British Annelids, 2. Polychaeta. Syllidae to Ariciidae. Volume 2. Ray Society of London, London, 291 p. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 118633 # page / 13" type="book" year="1910">McIntosh 1910</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A4B62F47BBE4EA66BA459FD63779A" author="HORST R." box="[550,675,375,401]" pageId="6" pageNumber="469" pagination="144 - 198" refId="ref27150" refString="HORST R. 1924. - Polychaeta errantia of the Siboga Expedition. Pt. 3. Nereidae and Hesionidae. Siboga-Expeditie 24: 144 - 198." type="journal article" year="1924">Horst 1924</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA43693F47BBE4EA4D6A4B9FE5D75E5" blockId="6.[130,778,215,2027]" pageId="6" pageNumber="469">
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A4B62F47BBE4EA4D6A4B9FE8977BA" author="AUGENER H." box="[155,329,407,433]" pageId="6" pageNumber="469" pagination="65 - 304" refId="ref24415" refString="AUGENER H. 1913. - Polychaeta I, Errantia, in MICHAELSEN W. &amp; HARTMEYER R. (eds.), Die Fauna Sudwest-Australiens. Ergebnisse der Hamburger sudwest-australischen Forschungsreise 1905. Volume IV, Lieferung 5. Gustav Fischer, Jena: 65 - 304. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 31515 # page / 3" type="book chapter" year="1913">Augener (1913)</bibRefCitation>
suggested 
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D10F47BBE4EA58DA4B9FDEB77BB" baseAuthorityName="Savigny in Lamarck" baseAuthorityYear="1818" box="[448,555,407,432]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Perinereis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="6" pageNumber="469" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="nuntia">
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F47BBE4EA58DA4B9FDEB77BB" box="[448,555,407,432]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="469">N. nuntia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
into 
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F47BBE4EA628A4B9FD4277BB" box="[613,642,407,432]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="469">N.</emphasis>
(
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D10F47BBE4EA6DFA4B9FD3777BB" authorityName="Kinberg" authorityYear="1865" box="[658,759,407,432]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Perinereis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="6" pageNumber="469" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F47BBE4EA6DFA4B9FD3777BB" box="[658,759,407,432]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="469">Perinereis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), as for 
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D10F47BBE4EA484A499FD6E77DA" authority="Grube &amp; Kroyer in Grube, 1858" authorityName="Grube &amp; Kroyer in Grube" authorityYear="1858" box="[201,686,438,465]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Perinereis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="6" pageNumber="469" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="vallata">
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F47BBE4EA484A499FEF677DB" box="[201,310,438,464]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="469">N. vallata</emphasis>
Grube &amp; Kröyer 
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F47BBE4EA64DA499FDD677DB" box="[512,534,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="469">in</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A4B62F47BBE4EA652A498FD6E77DA" author="GRUBE A. E." box="[543,686,438,465]" pageId="6" pageNumber="469" pagination="158 - 186" refId="ref26479" refString="GRUBE A. E. 1858. - Annulata orstediana. Enumeratio Annulatorum, quae in itinere per Indiam occidentalem et Americam centralem annis 1845 - 1848 suscepto legit cl. A. S. Orsted, adjectis speciebus nonnullis a cl. H. Kroyero in itinere ad Americam meridionalem collectis, (Fortsaettelse [continued]) [2. Familia Euniceae - F. Syllidea]. Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra Dansk Naturhistorisk Forening for 1857: 158 - 186. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 110674 # page / 159" type="journal article" year="1858">Grube, 1858</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
and his new subspecies 
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D10F47BBE4EA574A4F9FF7F741B" authorityName="Augener" authorityYear="1913" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Perinereis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="6" pageNumber="469" phylum="Annelida" rank="variety" species="heterodonta" subGenus="Perinereis" variety="mictodontoides">
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F47BBE4EA574A4F9FE9677FB" box="[313,342,471,496]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="469">N.</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F47BBE4EA525A4F9FE0F77FB" box="[360,463,471,496]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="469">Perinereis</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F47BBE4EA5AFA4F8FDA077FB" box="[482,608,470,496]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="469">heterodonta</emphasis>
var. 
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F47BBE4EA6D7A4F8FF7F741B" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="469">mictodontoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Afterward, 
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A4B62F47BBE4EA507A4D8FE23741A" author="FAUVEL P." box="[330,483,502,529]" pageId="6" pageNumber="469" pagination="315 - 473" refId="ref25806" refString="FAUVEL P. 1919. - Annelides polychetes de Madagascar, de Djibouti et du Golfe Persique. Archives de Zoologie experimentale et Generale 58: 315 - 473. https: // biostor. org / reference / 59085" type="journal article" year="1919">Fauvel (1919)</bibRefCitation>
did not recognize the species closer to 
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D10F47BBE4EA557A739FEBC743B" baseAuthorityName="Savigny in Lamarck" baseAuthorityYear="1818" box="[282,380,535,560]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Perinereis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="6" pageNumber="469" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="nuntia">
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F47BBE4EA557A739FEBC743B" box="[282,380,535,560]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="469">P. nuntia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(known and valid at the moment), referring them only as varieties of 
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D10F47BBE4EA5B7A719FD9B745B" baseAuthorityName="Savigny in Lamarck" baseAuthorityYear="1818" box="[506,603,567,592]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Perinereis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="6" pageNumber="469" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="nuntia">
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F47BBE4EA5B7A719FD9B745B" box="[506,603,567,592]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="469">P. nuntia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. He regarded it as a polymorphic and widespread species distributed in the Red Sea, Persian Gulf, Indian Ocean, 
<collectingCountry id="F30C7603F47BBE4EA664A758FD78749B" box="[553,696,630,656]" name="South Africa" pageId="6" pageNumber="469">South Africa</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F30C7603F47BBE4EA68EA758FCC2749B" box="[707,770,630,656]" name="Chile" pageId="6" pageNumber="469">Chile</collectingCountry>
, Indo-Pacific, and 
<collectingCountry id="F30C7603F47BBE4EA500A7B8FE4F74BB" box="[333,399,662,688]" name="Japan" pageId="6" pageNumber="469">Japan</collectingCountry>
. Therefore, a general diagnosis of the species complex was provided for the first time, many species were synonymized, and several varieties arose from these assumptions: 
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D10F47BBE4EA519A7D8FD5E7504" baseAuthorityName="Grube" baseAuthorityYear="1867" box="[340,670,757,784]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Perinereis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="6" pageNumber="469" phylum="Annelida" rank="variety" species="nuntia" variety="brevicirris">
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F47BBE4EA519A7D8FDC57504" box="[340,517,758,783]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="469">Perinereis nuntia</emphasis>
var. 
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F47BBE4EA67BA7DBFD5E7504" box="[566,670,757,783]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="469">brevicirris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D10F47BBE4EA6E4A7D8FEF97524" authorityName="Fauvel" authorityYear="1919" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Perinereis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="6" pageNumber="469" phylum="Annelida" rank="variety" species="nuntia" variety="djiboutiensis">
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F47BBE4EA6E4A7D8FCC77504" box="[681,775,758,783]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="469">P. nuntia</emphasis>
var. 
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F47BBE4EA4F9A63BFEF97524" box="[180,313,789,815]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="469">djiboutiensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D10F47BBE4EA507A638FDA37524" authorityName="Gravier" authorityYear="1901" box="[330,611,789,816]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Perinereis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="6" pageNumber="469" phylum="Annelida" rank="variety" species="nuntia" variety="heterodonta">
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F47BBE4EA507A638FE6D7524" box="[330,429,790,815]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="469">P. nuntia</emphasis>
var. 
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F47BBE4EA5AAA63BFDA37524" box="[487,611,789,815]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="469">heterodonta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D10F47BBE4EA63EA638FF0E7544" baseAuthorityName="Grube" baseAuthorityYear="1857" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Perinereis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="6" pageNumber="469" phylum="Annelida" rank="variety" species="nuntia" variety="vallata">
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F47BBE4EA63EA638FD167524" box="[627,726,790,815]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="469">P. nuntia</emphasis>
var. 
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F47BBE4EA4CBA61BFF0E7544" box="[134,206,821,847]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="469">vallata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and 
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D10F47BBE4EA543A618FE217544" baseAuthorityName="Grube" baseAuthorityYear="1857" box="[270,481,822,848]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Perinereis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="6" pageNumber="469" phylum="Annelida" rank="variety" species="nuntia" variety="typica">
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F47BBE4EA543A618FEAD7544" box="[270,365,822,847]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="469">P. nuntia</emphasis>
var. 
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F47BBE4EA5EEA618FE217544" box="[419,481,822,847]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="469">typica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The earlier species variety 
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D10F47BBE4EA4C9A678FD4B7564" authority="Augener, 1913" authorityName="Augener" authorityYear="1913" box="[132,651,853,880]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Perinereis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="6" pageNumber="469" phylum="Annelida" rank="variety" species="heterodonta" variety="mictodontoides">
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F47BBE4EA4C9A678FED77564" box="[132,279,853,879]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="469">P. heterodonta</emphasis>
var. 
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F47BBE4EA504A67BFE257564" box="[329,485,853,879]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="469">mictodontoides</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A4B62F47BBE4EA5A6A67BFD4B7564" author="AUGENER H." box="[491,651,853,879]" pageId="6" pageNumber="469" pagination="65 - 304" refId="ref24415" refString="AUGENER H. 1913. - Polychaeta I, Errantia, in MICHAELSEN W. &amp; HARTMEYER R. (eds.), Die Fauna Sudwest-Australiens. Ergebnisse der Hamburger sudwest-australischen Forschungsreise 1905. Volume IV, Lieferung 5. Gustav Fischer, Jena: 65 - 304. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 31515 # page / 3" type="book chapter" year="1913">Augener, 1913</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D10F47BBE4EA68DA678FF167584" baseAuthorityName="von Marenzeller" baseAuthorityYear="1879" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Nereis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="6" pageNumber="469" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="mictodonta">
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F47BBE4EA68DA678FF167584" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="469">P. mictodonta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were regarded as synonym of the 
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D10F47BBE4EA62CA65BFD0D7584" authorityName="Grube" authorityYear="1866" box="[609,717,885,911]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Perinereis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="6" pageNumber="469" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="brevicirris">
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F47BBE4EA62CA65BFD0D7584" box="[609,717,885,911]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="469">brevicirris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<typeStatus id="54A08831F47BBE4EA69BA65BFCC67584" box="[726,774,885,911]" pageId="6" pageNumber="469">type</typeStatus>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A4B62F47BBE4EA4C2A6BBFED675A4" author="FAUVEL P." box="[143,278,917,943]" pageId="6" pageNumber="469" pagination="315 - 473" refId="ref25806" refString="FAUVEL P. 1919. - Annelides polychetes de Madagascar, de Djibouti et du Golfe Persique. Archives de Zoologie experimentale et Generale 58: 315 - 473. https: // biostor. org / reference / 59085" type="journal article" year="1919">Fauvel 1919</bibRefCitation>
). Later, 
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A4B62F47BBE4EA53CA6BBFDCA75A4" author="FAUVEL P." box="[369,522,917,943]" pageId="6" pageNumber="469" pagination="1 - 32" refId="ref25846" refString="FAUVEL P. 1921. - Polychetes de Madagascar, du Museum d'Histoire naturelle recueillies par M. le Dr W. Kaudern en 1912. Arkiv for Zoologi 13: 1 - 32. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 30139 # page / 597" type="journal article" year="1921">Fauvel (1921)</bibRefCitation>
proposed 
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D10F47BBE4EA631A6B8FECF75C5" authorityName="Fauvel" authorityYear="1921" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Perinereis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="6" pageNumber="469" phylum="Annelida" rank="variety" species="nuntia" variety="majungaensis">
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F47BBE4EA631A6B8FD1C75A4" box="[636,732,918,943]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="469">P. nuntia</emphasis>
var. 
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F47BBE4EA4C9A69BFECF75C5" box="[132,271,949,974]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="469">majungaensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from 
<collectingCountry id="F30C7603F47BBE4EA51DA69BFE1275C4" box="[336,466,949,975]" name="Madagascar" pageId="6" pageNumber="469">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
, and kept recognizing the six varieties in further works.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3016518F47BBE4EA4D6A6DBFC28779A" pageId="6" pageNumber="469" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BA43693F47BBE4EA4D6A6DBFD4C7365" blockId="6.[130,778,215,2027]" pageId="6" pageNumber="469">
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D10F47BBE4EA4D6A6DBFE8A7205" ID-CoL="4F2HT" baseAuthorityName="Savigny in Lamarck" baseAuthorityYear="1818" box="[155,330,1013,1038]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Perinereis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="6" pageNumber="469" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="nuntia">
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F47BBE4EA4D6A6DBFE8A7205" box="[155,330,1013,1038]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="469">Perinereis nuntia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species complex has been retained in this genus ever since (
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A4B62F47BBE4EA50BA13AFE0C7225" author="FAUVEL P." box="[326,460,1044,1070]" pageId="6" pageNumber="469" pagination="1 - 262" refId="ref25961" refString="FAUVEL P. 1932. - Annelida Polychaeta of the Indian Museum, Calcutta. Memoirs of the Indian Museum 12: 1 - 262. http: // www. southasiaarchive. com / Content / sarf. 100012 / 203784 / 002 (last consultation 28 / 10 / 2019)." type="journal article" year="1932">Fauvel 1932</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A4B62F47BBE4EA591A13AFDD77224" author="FAUVEL P." box="[476,535,1044,1071]" pageId="6" pageNumber="469" refId="ref26055" refString="FAUVEL P. 1953. - The fauna of India including Pakistan, Ceylon, Burma and Malaya. Annelida Polychaeta. The Indian Press Ltd, Allahabad, 507 p. http: // faunaofindia. nic. in / php / fi / fi _ books _ toc. php? book _ id = 056 &amp; type = fi &amp; book _ title = Annelida + % 3 A + Polychaeta (last consultation 28 / 10 / 2019)." type="book" year="1953">1953</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A4B62F47BBE4EA669A13BFD097224" author="HARTMAN O." box="[548,713,1044,1071]" pageId="6" pageNumber="469" pagination="1 - 628" refId="ref26861" refString="HARTMAN O. 1959. - Catalogue of the polychaetous annelids of the world. Allan Hancock Foundation Publications, Occasional Paper 23: 1 - 628." type="journal article" year="1959">Hartman 1959</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A4B62F47BBE4EA694A13BFF7D7245" author="DAY J. H." pageId="6" pageNumber="469" refId="ref25070" refString="DAY J. H. 1967. - A monograph of the Polychaeta of Southern Africa. Pt. 1 Errantia. British Museum (Natural History) Publications, 656, 458 p. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 35415 # page / 7" type="book" year="1967">Day 1967</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A4B62F47BBE4EA483A11AFEFF7244" author="PAIK E. - I." box="[206,319,1076,1103]" pageId="6" pageNumber="469" pagination="242 - 244" refId="ref27724" refString="PAIK E. - I. 1975. - Taxonomical evaluation of two varieties of Perinereis nuntia: P. nuntia var. vallata (Grube, 1857) and P. nuntia var. brevicirris (Grube, 1857). Bulletin of the Korean Fisheries Society 8 (4): 242 - 244." type="journal article" year="1975">Paik 1975</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A4B62F47BBE4EA51DA11BFE397244" author="WU B. L. &amp; SUN R. &amp; YANG D." box="[336,505,1076,1103]" pageId="6" pageNumber="469" refId="ref29148" refString="WU B. L., SUN R. &amp; YANG D. 1985 (first published in 1981 in Chineae). - The Nereidae (Polychaetous Annelids) of the Chinese coast. China Ocean Press, Beijing and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, 234 p." type="book" year="1985">
Wu 
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F47BBE4EA5CDA11BFE777245" box="[384,439,1076,1102]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="469">et al.</emphasis>
1985
</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A4B62F47BBE4EA644A11AFD3F7245" author="HUTCHINGS P. A. &amp; REID A. &amp; WILSON R. S." box="[521,767,1076,1102]" pageId="6" pageNumber="469" pagination="241 - 274" refId="ref27178" refString="HUTCHINGS P. A., REID A. &amp; WILSON R. S. 1991. - Perinereis (Polychaeta, Nereididae) from Australia, with redescriptions of six additional species. Records of the Australian Museum 43: 241 - 274. https: // doi. org / 10.3853 / j. 0067 - 1975.43.1991.47" type="journal article" year="1991">
Hutchings 
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F47BBE4EA6CAA11BFD7E7245" box="[647,702,1076,1102]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="469">et al.</emphasis>
1991
</bibRefCitation>
; Wilson 1993). 
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A4B62F47BBE4EA568A17AFDF07264" author="WILSON R. S. &amp; GLASBY C. J." box="[293,560,1108,1135]" pageId="6" pageNumber="469" pagination="253 - 277" refId="ref29091" refString="WILSON R. S. &amp; GLASBY C. J. 1993. - A revision of the Perinereis nuntia species group (Polychaeta: Nereididae). Records of the Australian Museum 45 (3): 253 - 277. https: // doi. org / 10.385 3 / j. 0067 - 1975.45.1993.23" type="journal article" year="1993">Wilson &amp; Glasby (1993)</bibRefCitation>
developed a revisionary effort of the 
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D10F47BBE4EA571A15BFE587285" ID-CoL="4F2HT" baseAuthorityName="Savigny in Lamarck" baseAuthorityYear="1818" box="[316,408,1141,1166]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Perinereis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="6" pageNumber="469" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="nuntia">
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F47BBE4EA571A15BFE587285" box="[316,408,1141,1166]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="469">P. nuntia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species complex using 
<typeStatus id="54A08831F47BBE4EA6C6A15BFD797284" box="[651,697,1141,1167]" pageId="6" pageNumber="469">type</typeStatus>
and/or non-type materials of many related species. They provided a diagnosis for the complex, several species were recognized to species level, and others were regarded as synonyms; in total, 12 species were considered as valid within the complex. Later, 
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A4B62F47BBE4EA48AA03DFE047325" author="GLASBY C. J. &amp; HSIEH H. - L." box="[199,452,1299,1326]" pageId="6" pageNumber="469" pagination="553 - 577" refId="ref26257" refString="GLASBY C. J. &amp; HSIEH H. - L. 2006. - New species and new records of the Perinereis nuntia species group (Nereididae: Polychaeta) fromTaiwan and other Indo-West Pacific shores. Zoological Studies 45 (4): 553 - 577. http: // zoolstud. sinica. edu. tw / Journals / 45.4 / 553. html (last consultation 28 / 10 / 2019)." type="journal article" year="2006">Glasby &amp; Hsieh (2006)</bibRefCitation>
emended the 
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D10F47BBE4EA616A03AFD787326" ID-CoL="4F2HT" baseAuthorityName="Savigny in Lamarck" baseAuthorityYear="1818" box="[603,696,1300,1325]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Perinereis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="6" pageNumber="469" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="nuntia">
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F47BBE4EA616A03AFD787326" box="[603,696,1300,1325]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="469">P. nuntia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species complex diagnosis, described three new related species and redescribed another two from the 
<collectingCountry id="F30C7603F47BBE4EA5B9A07AFD957366" box="[500,597,1363,1390]" name="China" pageId="6" pageNumber="469">East Asia</collectingCountry>
seas.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA43693F47BBE4EA4D6A05DFC28779A" blockId="6.[130,778,215,2027]" lastBlockId="6.[811,1457,215,751]" pageId="6" pageNumber="469">
Based on phylogenetic analysis of nereidins using morphological data, 
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A4B62F47BBE4EA540A0BDFDE173A5" author="BAKKEN T. &amp; WILSON R. S." box="[269,545,1427,1454]" pageId="6" pageNumber="469" pagination="507 - 547" refId="ref24743" refString="BAKKEN T. &amp; WILSON R. S. 2005. - Phylogeny of nereidids (Polychaeta, Nereididae) with paragnaths. Zoologica Scripta 34: 507 - 547. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1463 - 6409.2005.00200. x" type="journal article" year="2005">Bakken &amp; Wilson (2005)</bibRefCitation>
established 
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D10F47BBE4EA6E9A0BAFCC773A6" ID-CoL="84RXY" authorityName="Kinberg" authorityYear="1865" box="[676,775,1428,1453]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Perinereis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="6" pageNumber="469" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F47BBE4EA6E9A0BAFCC773A6" box="[676,775,1428,1453]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="469">Perinereis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as a polyphyletic group since their species were present in two distant clades. Some species, including the 
<typeStatus id="54A08831F47BBE4EA6C7A0FDFD7873E6" box="[650,696,1491,1517]" pageId="6" pageNumber="469">type</typeStatus>
species of the genus, 
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D10F47BBE4EA550A0DDFD4B7006" ID-CoL="4F2HS" authority="Kinberg, 1865" authorityName="Kinberg" authorityYear="1865" box="[285,651,1522,1549]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Perinereis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="6" pageNumber="469" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="novaehollandiae">
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F47BBE4EA550A0DDFE1F7006" box="[285,479,1523,1549]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="469">P. novaehollandiae</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A4B62F47BBE4EA5A5A0DDFD4B7006" author="KINBERG J. G. H." box="[488,651,1522,1549]" pageId="6" pageNumber="469" pagination="167 - 179" refId="ref27438" refString="KINBERG J. G. H. 1865. - Annulata nova. Nereidum dispositio nova. Ofversigt af Kongelige Vetenskaps-Akademiens Forhandlingar 22: 167 - 179. http: // biostor. org / reference / 105758" type="journal article" year="1865">Kinberg, 1865</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, which is a junior synonym of 
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D10F47BBE4EA52CA33DFD1A7026" ID-CoL="4F2G5" authority="(Schmarda, 1861)" baseAuthorityName="Schmarda" baseAuthorityYear="1861" box="[353,730,1554,1581]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Perinereis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="6" pageNumber="469" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="amblyodonta">
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F47BBE4EA52CA33DFDC57027" box="[353,517,1554,1580]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="469">P. amblyodonta</emphasis>
(Schmarda, 1861)
</taxonomicName>
, are nested with two 
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D10F47BBE4EA579A31CFE747047" ID-CoL="84SY6" authorityName=", sensu Bakken" authorityYear="2007" box="[308,436,1586,1612]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Pseudonereis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="6" pageNumber="469" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F47BBE4EA579A31CFE747047" box="[308,436,1586,1612]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="469">Pseudonereis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and three 
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D10F47BBE4EA66DA31CFDBE7047" ID-CoL="84QQC" authorityName="Kinberg" authorityYear="1865" box="[544,638,1586,1612]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Neanthes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="6" pageNumber="469" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F47BBE4EA66DA31CFDBE7047" box="[544,638,1586,1612]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="469">Neanthes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species (currently regarded in 
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D10F47BBE4EA50AA37CFD5C7067" ID-CoL="84SY6" authority=", sensu Bakken 2007" authorityName=", sensu Bakken" authorityYear="2007" box="[327,668,1618,1645]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Pseudonereis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="6" pageNumber="469" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F47BBE4EA50AA37CFE077067" box="[327,455,1618,1644]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="469">Pseudonereis</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F47BBE4EA599A37DFDC87067" box="[468,520,1619,1644]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="469">sensu</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A4B62F47BBE4EA643A37CFD5C7067" author="BAKKEN T." box="[526,668,1618,1644]" pageId="6" pageNumber="469" pagination="145 - 176" refId="ref24697" refString="BAKKEN T. 2007. - Revision of Pseudonereis (Polychaeta, Nereididae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 150 (1): 145 - 176. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.2007.00289. x" type="journal article" year="2007">Bakken 2007</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
); whereas the other three 
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D10F47BBE4EA57DA35DFE537087" ID-CoL="84RXY" authorityName="Kinberg" authorityYear="1865" box="[304,403,1651,1676]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Perinereis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="6" pageNumber="469" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F47BBE4EA57DA35DFE537087" box="[304,403,1651,1676]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="469">Perinereis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species (
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D10F47BBE4EA5BAA35DFD557087" ID-CoL="4F2JP" baseAuthorityName="Augener" baseAuthorityYear="1913" box="[503,661,1650,1676]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Perinereis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="6" pageNumber="469" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="variodentata">
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F47BBE4EA5BAA35DFD557087" box="[503,661,1650,1676]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="469">P. variodentata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D10F47BBE4EA6EBA35DFCC77087" ID-CoL="4F2HT" baseAuthorityName="Savigny in Lamarck" baseAuthorityYear="1818" box="[678,775,1651,1676]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Perinereis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="6" pageNumber="469" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="nuntia">
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F47BBE4EA6EBA35DFCC77087" box="[678,775,1651,1676]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="469">P. nuntia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D10F47BBE4EA4FAA3BDFEDD70A7" ID-CoL="4F2JL" authorityName="Grube &amp; Kroyer in Grube" authorityYear="1858" box="[183,285,1682,1708]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Perinereis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="6" pageNumber="469" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="vallata">
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F47BBE4EA4FAA3BDFEDD70A7" box="[183,285,1682,1708]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="469">P. vallata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) were related with 
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F47BBE4EA5B3A3BCFD6A70A7" box="[510,682,1682,1708]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="469">
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D10F47BBE4EA5B3A3BCFD9D70A7" ID-CoL="84QQC" authorityName="Kinberg" authorityYear="1865" box="[510,605,1682,1708]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Neanthes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="6" pageNumber="469" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">Neanthes</taxonomicName>
/ 
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D10F47BBE4EA624A3BCFD6A70A7" ID-CoL="9G24H" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[617,682,1682,1708]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Nereis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="6" pageNumber="469" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">Nereis</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
species. Despite this evidence, 
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D10F47BBE4EA530A39DFE1C70C7" ID-CoL="4F2HT" baseAuthorityName="Savigny in Lamarck" baseAuthorityYear="1818" box="[381,476,1715,1740]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Perinereis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="6" pageNumber="469" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="nuntia">
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F47BBE4EA530A39DFE1C70C7" box="[381,476,1715,1740]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="469">P. nuntia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species complex is retained in 
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D10F47BBE4EA4ECA3FDFEC470E7" ID-CoL="84RXY" authorityName="Kinberg" authorityYear="1865" box="[161,260,1747,1772]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Perinereis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="6" pageNumber="469" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F47BBE4EA4ECA3FDFEC470E7" box="[161,260,1747,1772]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="469">Perinereis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
nowadays (
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A4B62F47BBE4EA5C9A3FCFDB370E7" author="GLASBY C. J. &amp; HSIEH H. - L." box="[388,627,1746,1772]" pageId="6" pageNumber="469" pagination="553 - 577" refId="ref26257" refString="GLASBY C. J. &amp; HSIEH H. - L. 2006. - New species and new records of the Perinereis nuntia species group (Nereididae: Polychaeta) fromTaiwan and other Indo-West Pacific shores. Zoological Studies 45 (4): 553 - 577. http: // zoolstud. sinica. edu. tw / Journals / 45.4 / 553. html (last consultation 28 / 10 / 2019)." type="journal article" year="2006">Glasby &amp; Hsieh 2006</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A4B62F47BBE4EA6CCA3FCFF7C7107" author="PARK T. S. &amp; KIM W." pageId="6" pageNumber="469" pagination="75 - 85" refId="ref27781" refString="PARK T. S. &amp; KIM W. 2007. - A taxonomic study on Perinereis nuntia species group (Polychaeta: Nereididae) of Korea. Korean Journal of Systematic Zoology 23 (1): 75 - 85. https: // doi. org / 10.5635 / KJSZ. 2007.23.1.075" type="journal article" year="2007">Park &amp; Kim 2007</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A4B62F47BBE4EA484A3DCFE917106" author="GLASBY C. J." box="[201,337,1778,1805]" pageId="6" pageNumber="469" pagination="207 - 239" refId="ref26139" refString="GLASBY C. J. 2015. - Nereididae (Annelida: Phyllodocida) of Lizard Island, Great Barrier Reef, Australia. Zootaxa 4019 (1): 207 - 239. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4019.1.11" type="journal article" year="2015">Glasby 2015</bibRefCitation>
), although its morphology is notoriously different from the 
<typeStatus id="54A08831F47BBE4EA51EA23CFE427127" box="[339,386,1810,1836]" pageId="6" pageNumber="469">type</typeStatus>
species. For instance, according to 
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A4B62F47BBE4EA4CBA21CFEF77147" author="AUGENER H." box="[134,311,1842,1868]" pageId="6" pageNumber="469" pagination="1 - 42" refId="ref24518" refString="AUGENER H. 1922. - Polychaeta Revision der australischen Polychaeten-Typen von Kinberg. Arkiv for Zoologi 14 (8): 1 - 42. http: // biostor. org / reference / 117359" type="journal article" year="1922">Augener (1922)</bibRefCitation>
and my observations on some Australian specimens of 
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D10F47BBE4EA55EA27CFE6D7160" ID-CoL="4F2G5" baseAuthorityName="Schmarda" baseAuthorityYear="1861" box="[275,429,1873,1899]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Perinereis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="6" pageNumber="469" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="amblyodonta">
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F47BBE4EA55EA27CFE6D7160" box="[275,429,1873,1899]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="469">P. amblyodonta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(ZMB 5274), 
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D10F47BBE4EA604A27CFD657160" ID-CoL="4F2HT" baseAuthorityName="Savigny in Lamarck" baseAuthorityYear="1818" box="[585,677,1874,1899]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Perinereis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="6" pageNumber="469" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="nuntia">
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F47BBE4EA604A27CFD657160" box="[585,677,1874,1899]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="469">P. nuntia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is mainly distinguished from 
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D10F47BBE4EA510A25CFDC07180" ID-CoL="4F2G5" baseAuthorityName="Schmarda" baseAuthorityYear="1861" box="[349,512,1905,1931]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Perinereis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="6" pageNumber="469" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="amblyodonta">
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F47BBE4EA510A25CFDC07180" box="[349,512,1905,1931]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="469">P. amblyodonta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by having dorsal ligule of similar size and shape or slightly uneven throughout the body, whereas in 
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D10F47BBE4EA577A29CFE1671C0" ID-CoL="4F2G5" baseAuthorityName="Schmarda" baseAuthorityYear="1861" box="[314,470,1969,1995]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Perinereis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="6" pageNumber="469" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="amblyodonta">
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F47BBE4EA577A29CFE1671C0" box="[314,470,1969,1995]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="469">P. amblyodonta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
it is notoriously expanded in posterior parapodia. Likewise, the dorsal cirrus in 
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D10F47BBE4EA6E8A2FCFCC571E0" ID-CoL="4F2HT" baseAuthorityName="Savigny in Lamarck" baseAuthorityYear="1818" box="[677,773,2002,2027]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Perinereis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="6" pageNumber="469" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="nuntia">
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F47BBE4EA6E8A2FCFCC571E0" box="[677,773,2002,2027]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="469">P. nuntia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is medially placed on dorsal ligule, but it is subterminal in posterior parapodia of 
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D10F47BBE4EA069A5D6FB01771A" ID-CoL="4F2G5" baseAuthorityName="Schmarda" baseAuthorityYear="1861" box="[1060,1217,247,273]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Perinereis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="6" pageNumber="469" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="amblyodonta">
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F47BBE4EA069A5D6FB01771A" box="[1060,1217,247,273]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="469">P. amblyodonta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Finally, 
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D10F47BBE4EA16BA5D6FA45771A" ID-CoL="4F2HT" baseAuthorityName="Savigny in Lamarck" baseAuthorityYear="1818" box="[1318,1413,248,273]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Perinereis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="6" pageNumber="469" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="nuntia">
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F47BBE4EA16BA5D6FA45771A" box="[1318,1413,248,273]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="469">P. nuntia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has a single transverse row of several (≥3) shield-shaped bars and/ or conical (sometimes pyramidal) paragnaths on each side of AVI, whereas 
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D10F47BBE4EA78DA476FB9D777A" ID-CoL="4F2G5" baseAuthorityName="Schmarda" baseAuthorityYear="1861" box="[960,1117,343,369]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Perinereis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="6" pageNumber="469" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="amblyodonta">
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F47BBE4EA78DA476FB9D777A" box="[960,1117,343,369]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="469">P. amblyodonta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has one large shield-shaped bar on the same area.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3016518F47BBE4EA70EA4B8FC7D74E4" pageId="6" pageNumber="469" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BA43693F47BBE4EA70EA4B8FC7D74E4" blockId="6.[811,1457,215,751]" pageId="6" pageNumber="469">
This phylogenetic and morphological evidence suggests that the 
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D10F47BBE4EA715A499FC7877DB" baseAuthorityName="Savigny in Lamarck" baseAuthorityYear="1818" box="[856,952,439,464]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Perinereis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="6" pageNumber="469" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="nuntia">
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F47BBE4EA715A499FC7877DB" box="[856,952,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="469">P. nuntia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species complex belongs to a different genus, perhaps within the closely related genus 
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D10F47BBE4EA0ABA4F8FA8477FB" authorityName="Kinberg" authorityYear="1865" box="[1254,1348,470,496]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Neanthes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="6" pageNumber="469" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F47BBE4EA0ABA4F8FA8477FB" box="[1254,1348,470,496]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="469">Neanthes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
or 
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D10F47BBE4EA124A4F9FA6877FB" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[1385,1448,471,496]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Nereis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="6" pageNumber="469" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F47BBE4EA124A4F9FA6877FB" box="[1385,1448,471,496]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="469">Nereis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; nevertheless, these two genera also undergo similar taxonomic problems since both are also regarded as polyphyletic (
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A4B62F47BBE4EA136A738FBCC745A" author="BAKKEN T. &amp; WILSON R. S." pageId="6" pageNumber="469" pagination="507 - 547" refId="ref24743" refString="BAKKEN T. &amp; WILSON R. S. 2005. - Phylogeny of nereidids (Polychaeta, Nereididae) with paragnaths. Zoologica Scripta 34: 507 - 547. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1463 - 6409.2005.00200. x" type="journal article" year="2005">Bakken &amp; Wilson 2005</bibRefCitation>
). In order to elucidate the taxonomic problems, it is essential to restrict the definition of the genera by reviewing the species within. It would aid in delimiting their morphology, and consequently, in avoiding speculative new combinations, as could be the case of the 
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D10F47BBE4EA152A798FABD74C4" baseAuthorityName="Savigny in Lamarck" baseAuthorityYear="1818" box="[1311,1405,694,719]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Perinereis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="6" pageNumber="469" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="nuntia">
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F47BBE4EA152A798FABD74C4" box="[1311,1405,694,719]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="469">P. nuntia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species complex.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>