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<document id="B17C1D68E649A8AFAE0FD8A6FE6EA7B6" ID-CLB-Dataset="8902" ID-DOI="10.5252/zoosystema2019v41a24" ID-GBIF-Dataset="42f12a10-1e46-41ac-9446-9b60f56f6b77" ID-ISSN="1638-9387" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4436908" ID-ZooBank="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:9347D7C7-1D9D-4682-A9B9-BD7E11AF97B4" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1610553327956" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Villalobos-Guerrero, Tulio F." docDate="2019" docId="03B28785F476BE5CA4DAA4F8FDD171E0" docLanguage="en" docName="Zoosystema.41.24.465-496.pdf" docOrigin="Zoosystema 41 (24)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:AFAF64E709DD7C8340B70A24A5804402.4:Zoosystema.2018-2019.journal_article" docStyleId="AFAF64E709DD7C8340B70A24A5804402" docStyleName="Zoosystema.2018-2019.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Perinereis latipalpa Villalobos-Guerrero 2019" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="483" masterDocId="FF8BFFFDF47DBE48A44DA52EFFC0760B" masterDocTitle="Redescription of two overlooked species of the Perinereis nuntia complex and morphological delimitation of P. nuntia (Savigny in Lamarck, 1818) from the Red Sea (Annelida, Nereididae)" masterLastPageNumber="496" masterPageNumber="465" pageNumber="474" updateTime="1698924381722" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC0-1.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC0-1.0" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:title id="F66CC1905438E3B5EB1949FA6794B775">Redescription of two overlooked species of the Perinereis nuntia complex and morphological delimitation of P. nuntia (Savigny in Lamarck, 1818) from the Red Sea (Annelida, Nereididae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="BF97433143D06E3E79A0C1130A14258C">Villalobos-Guerrero, Tulio F.</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="03B28785F476BE5CA4DAA4F8FDD171E0" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4439496" ID-GBIF-Taxon="176581194" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4439496" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B28785F476BE5CA4DAA4F8FDD171E0" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B28785F476BE5CA4DAA4F8FDD171E0" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="483" pageId="11" pageNumber="474">
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<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D10F476BE43A4DAA4F8FDF777FA" ID-CoL="223504a4-2ca2-4784-81a4-a94bf5e6e621" authority="(Schmarda, 1861)" authorityName="Villalobos-Guerrero" authorityYear="2019" baseAuthorityName="Schmarda" baseAuthorityYear="1861" box="[151,567,470,497]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Perinereis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="11" pageNumber="474" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="latipalpa">
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F476BE43A4DAA4F8FEAB77FA" bold="true" box="[151,363,470,497]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="474">Perinereis latipalpa</emphasis>
(Schmarda, 1861)
</taxonomicName>
, reinst., n. comb.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3016518F476BE43A49BA4D8FD75741B" box="[214,693,502,529]" pageId="11" pageNumber="474" type="description">
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(
<figureCitation id="13202A16F476BE43A490A4D8FEDA741B" box="[221,282,502,528]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="7.[132,143,1938,1956]" captionTargetBox="[133,1367,214,1896]" captionTargetId="figure-14@7.[133,1456,209,1911]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIG. 1. — Areas VI-V-VI patterns of the pharynx shaped by the ridges and furrows: A-C, Perinereis latipalpa (Schmarda, 1861) n. comb. with a λ-shaped pattern; D-F, Perinereis nuntia (Savigny in Lamarck, 1818) with a χ-shaped pattern; G-I, Perinereis larentukana (Grube in Peters, 1881) n. comb. with a υ-shaped pattern; J-L, Perinereis shikueii Glasby &amp; Hsieh, 2006 with a ɔc-shaped pattern; A, D, G, J, dorsal portion of oral ring; B, E, H, K, same with a slightly irregular line drawings on the shape formed by AVI-V-VI pattern; C, F, I, L, symmetrical line drawings of the AVI-V-VI patterns. Scale bars: 1 mm. J, K, after Glasby &amp; Hsieh (2006)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4436912" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4436912/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="474">Figs 1</figureCitation>
A-C; 3A-I; 4A-L; 5A-L; 6A-O; 7A-E)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3016518F476BE43A4C9A71EFCC77564" pageId="11" pageNumber="474" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BA43693F476BE43A4C9A71EFEF47469" blockId="11.[130,774,559,610]" pageId="11" pageNumber="474">
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D10F476BE43A4C9A71EFD99744C" ID-CoL="474PH" authority="Schmarda, 1861: 104 - 105" authorityName="Schmarda" authorityPageNumber="104 - 105" authorityYear="1861" box="[132,601,559,583]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Nereis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="11" pageNumber="474" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="latipalpa" subGenus="Nereis">
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F476BE43A4C9A71EFF7C744C" box="[132,188,560,583]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="474">Nereis</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F476BE43A485A71EFF3F744C" box="[200,255,560,583]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="474">Nereis</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F476BE43A541A701FE9D744C" box="[268,349,559,583]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="474">latipalpa</emphasis>
Schmarda, 1861: 104-105
</taxonomicName>
, textfig.A, B, K, a, b, pl. 31, fig. 244.
</paragraph>
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<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D10F476BE43A4C9A757FEF2749A" ID-CoL="45Y4Y" authorityName="Kinberg" authorityYear="1865" box="[132,306,633,657]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Neanthes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="11" pageNumber="474" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="latipalpa">
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F476BE43A4C9A757FEF2749A" box="[132,306,633,657]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="474">Neanthes latipalpa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<treatmentCitation id="0ABA1082F476BE43A504A757FDC5749A" author="KINBERG J. G. H." box="[329,517,633,657]" page="171" pageId="11" pageNumber="474" year="1865">
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A4B62F476BE43A504A757FDC5749A" author="KINBERG J. G. H." box="[329,517,633,657]" pageId="11" pageNumber="474" pagination="167 - 179" refId="ref27438" refString="KINBERG J. G. H. 1865. - Annulata nova. Nereidum dispositio nova. Ofversigt af Kongelige Vetenskaps-Akademiens Forhandlingar 22: 167 - 179. http: // biostor. org / reference / 105758" type="journal article" year="1865">Kinberg 1865: 171</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
. —
<treatmentCitation id="0ABA1082F476BE43A661A754FF6874A7" author="VON MARENZELLER E." page="6" pageId="11" pageNumber="474" year="1888">
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A4B62F476BE43A661A754FF6874A7" author="VON MARENZELLER E." pageId="11" pageNumber="474" pagination="1 - 24" refId="ref28777" refString="VON MARENZELLER E. 1888. - Polychaten der Angra Pequena-Bucht. Zoologische Jahrbucher, Abteilung fur Systematik, Geographie und Biologie derTiere 3 (1): 1 - 24. http: // biostor. org / reference / 181107" type="journal article" year="1888">von Marenzeller 1888: 6-7</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, fig. 2.
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F476BE43A4BCA7BAFEF374A7" bold="true" box="[241,307,660,684]" pageId="11" pageNumber="474">n. syn.</emphasis>
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA43693F476BE43A4C9A7EDFE6474FD" blockId="11.[132,775,707,758]" pageId="11" pageNumber="474">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB0B11BDF476BE43A4C9A7EDFE6474FD" pageId="11" pageNumber="474">
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D10F476BE43A4C9A7EDFEB674D0" ID-CoL="7HHWJ" authorityName="Willey" authorityYear="1904" box="[132,374,707,731]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Neanthes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="11" pageNumber="474" phylum="Annelida" rank="subSpecies" species="latipalpa" subSpecies="typica">
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F476BE43A4C9A7EDFEB674D0" box="[132,374,707,731]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="474">Neanthes latipalpa typica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<treatmentCitation id="0ABA1082F476BE43A5DEA7EDFDB674D0" author="WILLEY A." box="[403,630,707,731]" page="260" pageId="11" pageNumber="474" year="1904">
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A4B62F476BE43A5DEA7EDFDB674D0" author="WILLEY A." box="[403,630,707,731]" pageId="11" pageNumber="474" pagination="255 - 268" refId="ref28948" refString="WILLEY A. 1904. - Littoral Polychaeta from the Cape of Good Hope. Transactions of the Linnean Society of London, Series 2, Zoology 9 (6): 255 - 268. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1904. tb 00450. x" type="journal article" year="1904">Willey 1904: 260-261</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, pl. 13, fig. 9, pl. 14, figs 1, 2, 2a, b.
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F476BE43A52FA7F0FE6474FD" bold="true" box="[354,420,734,758]" pageId="11" pageNumber="474">n. syn.</emphasis>
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA43693F476BE43A4C9A620FCC2754B" blockId="11.[132,775,781,832]" pageId="11" pageNumber="474">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB0B11BDF476BE43A4C9A620FCC2754B" pageId="11" pageNumber="474">
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D10F476BE43A4C9A620FEAA752E" ID-CoL="4F2JL" baseAuthorityName="Grube" baseAuthorityYear="1857" box="[132,362,781,805]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Perinereis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="11" pageNumber="474" phylum="Annelida" rank="subSpecies" species="nuntia" subSpecies="vallata">
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F476BE43A4C9A620FEAA752E" box="[132,362,781,805]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="474">Perinereis nuntia vallata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<treatmentCitation id="0ABA1082F476BE43A5C9A620FDDC752D" author="DAY J. H." box="[388,540,781,806]" page="334" pageId="11" pageNumber="474" year="1967">
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A4B62F476BE43A5C9A620FDDC752D" author="DAY J. H." box="[388,540,781,806]" pageId="11" pageNumber="474" refId="ref25070" refString="DAY J. H. 1967. - A monograph of the Polychaeta of Southern Africa. Pt. 1 Errantia. British Museum (Natural History) Publications, 656, 458 p. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 35415 # page / 7" type="book" year="1967">Day 1967: 334</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, fig. 14.12.p-s (material from
<collectingCountry id="F30C7603F476BE43A4F7A606FEF8754B" box="[186,312,808,832]" name="South Africa" pageId="11" pageNumber="474">South Africa</collectingCountry>
,
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F476BE43A50FA607FE42754B" box="[322,386,809,832]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="474">partim</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F476BE43A5C2A607FE73754B" box="[399,435,809,832]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="474">non</emphasis>
Grube &amp; Kröyer
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F476BE43A62FA607FDB6754B" box="[610,630,809,832]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="474">in</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A4B62F476BE43A631A606FD34754B" author="GRUBE A. E." box="[636,756,808,832]" pageId="11" pageNumber="474" pagination="158 - 186" refId="ref26479" refString="GRUBE A. E. 1858. - Annulata orstediana. Enumeratio Annulatorum, quae in itinere per Indiam occidentalem et Americam centralem annis 1845 - 1848 suscepto legit cl. A. S. Orsted, adjectis speciebus nonnullis a cl. H. Kroyero in itinere ad Americam meridionalem collectis, (Fortsaettelse [continued]) [2. Familia Euniceae - F. Syllidea]. Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra Dansk Naturhistorisk Forening for 1857: 158 - 186. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 110674 # page / 159" type="journal article" year="1858">Grube 1858</bibRefCitation>
).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA43693F476BE43A4C9A676FCC77564" blockId="11.[132,775,855,880]" box="[132,775,855,880]" pageId="11" pageNumber="474">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB0B11BDF476BE43A4C9A676FCC77564" box="[132,775,855,880]" pageId="11" pageNumber="474">
<treatmentCitation id="0ABA1082F476BE43A4C9A676FD9E7564" author="WILSON R. S. &amp; GLASBY C. J." box="[132,606,855,880]" page="266" pageId="11" pageNumber="474" year="1993">
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D10F476BE43A4C9A676FD9E7564" ID-CoL="4F2HN" authority="Wilson &amp; Glasby, 1993: 265 - 266" authorityName="Wilson &amp; Glasby" authorityPageNumber="265 - 266" authorityYear="1993" box="[132,606,855,880]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Perinereis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="11" pageNumber="474" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="namibia">
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F476BE43A4C9A676FEE87564" box="[132,296,855,879]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="474">Perinereis namibia</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A4B62F476BE43A566A679FD9E7564" author="WILSON R. S. &amp; GLASBY C. J." box="[299,606,855,880]" pageId="11" pageNumber="474" pagination="253 - 277" refId="ref29091" refString="WILSON R. S. &amp; GLASBY C. J. 1993. - A revision of the Perinereis nuntia species group (Polychaeta: Nereididae). Records of the Australian Museum 45 (3): 253 - 277. https: // doi. org / 10.385 3 / j. 0067 - 1975.45.1993.23" type="journal article" year="1993">Wilson &amp; Glasby, 1993: 265-266</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
, fig. 10a-k.
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F476BE43A687A676FCC1757B" bold="true" box="[714,769,856,880]" pageId="11" pageNumber="474">n. syn</emphasis>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3016518F476BE43A4C9A6A6FCC970E3" pageId="11" pageNumber="474" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BA43693F476BE43A4C9A6A6FD9173C0" blockId="11.[130,778,903,1483]" pageId="11" pageNumber="474">
TYPE MATERIAL. —
<materialsCitation id="3B733CCEF476BE43A576A6A9FECC72A3" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3015410307" pageId="11" pageNumber="474" typeStatus="lectotype">
<specimenCount id="9D1DFD1AF476BE43A576A6A9FE6D7594" box="[315,429,903,927]" pageId="11" pageNumber="474" type="generic">9 specimens</specimenCount>
of
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D10F476BE43A585A6A6FD617594" authorityName="Schmarda" authorityYear="1861" box="[456,673,903,927]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Nereis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="11" pageNumber="474" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="latipalpa" subGenus="Nereis">
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F476BE43A585A6A6FDC07594" box="[456,512,904,927]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="474">Nereis</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F476BE43A641A6A6FD847594" box="[524,580,904,927]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="474">Nereis</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F476BE43A61DA6A9FD617594" box="[592,673,903,927]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="474">latipalpa</emphasis>
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(originally labelled as “cotypen”) in three different lots. Herein, 1 designated as
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<collectionCode id="ED0AAE56F476BE43A490A693FEF375DF" box="[221,307,957,980]" pageId="11" pageNumber="474">NMHW</collectionCode>
769a and 8 as
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<collectionCode id="ED0AAE56F476BE43A609A693FD5A75DF" box="[580,666,957,980]" pageId="11" pageNumber="474">NMHW</collectionCode>
769b, 770, 771. Collected by
<collectionCode id="ED0AAE56F476BE43A575A6F9FE8975E5" box="[312,329,983,1006]" pageId="11" pageNumber="474">L</collectionCode>
. Schmarda, Table Bay,
<collectingRegion id="49DFF871F476BE43A667A6F9FD9D75E4" box="[554,605,983,1007]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="11" pageNumber="474">Cape</collectingRegion>
Town (originally as “Tafelbai”, “Cap.”),
<collectingCountry id="F30C7603F476BE43A511A6DFFE177202" box="[348,471,1009,1033]" name="South Africa" pageId="11" pageNumber="474">South Africa</collectingCountry>
, mud, under stones. Older label and catalog number attached on the outer surface of each jars which originally belonged to the “Zoologisch-vergleichend-anatomische Sammlung, Universität Wien” (
<figureCitation id="13202A16F476BE43A5FDA16EFE397253" box="[432,505,1088,1112]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="12.[132,143,1917,1935]" captionTargetBox="[134,1455,223,1779]" captionTargetId="figure-17@12.[132,1455,223,1779]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIG. 3. — Perinereis latipalpa (Schmarda, 1861) n. comb: A, recent (above) and older (below) labels of the jars containing paralectotype materials at the Natural History Museum, Vienna (NMHW 771); B, C, lectotype (NMHW 769a); D-I, Paralectotype (NMHW 771); B, anterior region, dorsal view; C, posterior region, dorsal view; D, pharynx, anterior view (arrow points distal portion of λ-shaped pattern); E, same, ventral view; F, same, dorsal view; inset: entire λ-shaped pattern (arrow points proximal overlap of areas V and VI); G, same, lateral view (arrow points narrow gap); H, left jaw, dorsal (left) and ventral (right) views; I, same, zoom-in, ventral view (arrow: canals). Scale bars: B, C, 3 mm; D-G, 2 mm; H, 1 mm; I, 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4436922" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4436922/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="474">Fig. 3A</figureCitation>
). Recent labels inside the jars with the
<collectionCode id="ED0AAE56F476BE43A49AA175FEEF7279" box="[215,303,1115,1138]" pageId="11" pageNumber="474">NMHW</collectionCode>
imprint (as “Coll. Musei Vindobonensis, Evertebrata varia”) and handwritten (
<figureCitation id="13202A16F476BE43A5E2A15BFE387286" box="[431,504,1141,1165]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="12.[132,143,1917,1935]" captionTargetBox="[134,1455,223,1779]" captionTargetId="figure-17@12.[132,1455,223,1779]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIG. 3. — Perinereis latipalpa (Schmarda, 1861) n. comb: A, recent (above) and older (below) labels of the jars containing paralectotype materials at the Natural History Museum, Vienna (NMHW 771); B, C, lectotype (NMHW 769a); D-I, Paralectotype (NMHW 771); B, anterior region, dorsal view; C, posterior region, dorsal view; D, pharynx, anterior view (arrow points distal portion of λ-shaped pattern); E, same, ventral view; F, same, dorsal view; inset: entire λ-shaped pattern (arrow points proximal overlap of areas V and VI); G, same, lateral view (arrow points narrow gap); H, left jaw, dorsal (left) and ventral (right) views; I, same, zoom-in, ventral view (arrow: canals). Scale bars: B, C, 3 mm; D-G, 2 mm; H, 1 mm; I, 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4436922" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4436922/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="474">Fig. 3A</figureCitation>
) (see remarks for additional information).
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B733CCEF476BE43A578A1BEFF07734D" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3015410302" pageId="11" pageNumber="474" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="54A08831F476BE43A578A1BEFE5372A3" box="[309,403,1168,1192]" pageId="11" pageNumber="474" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D10F476BE43A5FAA1BEFF1272C9" authority="Kinberg, 1865 SMNH" authorityName="Kinberg" authorityYear="1865" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Neanthes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="11" pageNumber="474" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="latipalpa">
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F476BE43A5FAA1BEFDAC72A3" box="[439,620,1168,1192]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="474">Neanthes latipalpa</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A4B62F476BE43A639A1BEFCC672A3" author="KINBERG J. G. H." box="[628,774,1168,1192]" pageId="11" pageNumber="474" pagination="167 - 179" refId="ref27438" refString="KINBERG J. G. H. 1865. - Annulata nova. Nereidum dispositio nova. Ofversigt af Kongelige Vetenskaps-Akademiens Forhandlingar 22: 167 - 179. http: // biostor. org / reference / 105758" type="journal article" year="1865">Kinberg, 1865</bibRefCitation>
SMNH
</taxonomicName>
37900, collected by Eugenie Expedition 1851-1853, sta. 1620-28, Green Point Lighthouse,
<collectingRegion id="49DFF871F476BE43A59EA1EBFDC572D6" box="[467,517,1221,1245]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="11" pageNumber="474">Cape</collectingRegion>
Town,
<collectingCountry id="F30C7603F476BE43A606A1EBFD0672D6" box="[587,710,1221,1245]" name="South Africa" pageId="11" pageNumber="474">South Africa</collectingCountry>
,
<date id="FFA51053F476BE43A683A1EBFF7872FC" pageId="11" pageNumber="474" value="1854-04-09">9 Apr. 1854</date>
; jar with one original and two recent labels. One permanent slide of holotypes left parapodium 27th
<collectionCode id="ED0AAE56F476BE43A640A1D4FD997319" box="[525,601,1274,1298]" country="Sweden" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/8z6v-f8is" name="Department of Paleozoology, Swedish Museum of Natural History" pageId="11" pageNumber="474">SMNH</collectionCode>
37900, housed at the
<collectionCode id="ED0AAE56F476BE43A4E5A03AFECB7320" box="[168,267,1300,1323]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="11" pageNumber="474" type="Museum">NHMUK</collectionCode>
(
<figureCitation id="13202A16F476BE43A55AA03AFE9F7327" box="[279,351,1300,1324]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="16.[132,143,1555,1573]" captionTargetBox="[133,1456,217,1512]" captionTargetId="figure-202@16.[133,1456,216,1521]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIG. 5. — Perinereis latipalpa (Schmarda, 1861) n. comb., holotype of Neanthes latipalpa Kinberg, 1865 n. syn. (SMNH 37900): A, anterior region, dorsal view; B, pharynx, dorsal view (arrow points proximal overlap of areas V and VI); C, oral ring of pharynx, lateral view; D, same, ventral view; E, posterior region, ventral view; F-I, parapodia, anterior view (numbers refer the chaetiger); J, approach of notopodial homogomph spinigers (chaet. 45) (arrows point thicker, separated teeth); K, neuropodial heterogomph falciger, subacicular (chaet. 45); L, permanent microscope slide, mounted 27th parapodia (SMNH 37900, housed at the NHMUK). Scale bars: A, 2 mm; B-E, 1 mm; F-H, 0.5 mm; I, 0.3 mm; J, K, 15 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4436930" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4436930/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="474">Fig. 5L</figureCitation>
), apparently loaned to
<collectionCode id="ED0AAE56F476BE43A676A03AFD5E7320" box="[571,670,1300,1323]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="11" pageNumber="474" type="Museum">NHMUK</collectionCode>
for Arthur Willey
</materialsCitation>
. —
<materialsCitation id="3B733CCEF476BE43A4B9A000FD5F7370" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3015410308" pageId="11" pageNumber="474" typeStatus="syntype">
Sixteen
<typeStatus id="54A08831F476BE43A508A001FE5A734C" box="[325,410,1327,1351]" pageId="11" pageNumber="474" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D10F476BE43A58DA000FEE2736B" authority="Willey, 1904 NHMUK" authorityName="Willey" authorityYear="1904" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Neanthes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="11" pageNumber="474" phylum="Annelida" rank="subSpecies" species="latipalpa" subSpecies="typica">
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F476BE43A58DA000FD77734D" box="[448,695,1326,1350]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="474">Neanthes latipalpa typica</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A4B62F476BE43A6F2A000FF79736A" author="WILLEY A." pageId="11" pageNumber="474" pagination="255 - 268" refId="ref28948" refString="WILLEY A. 1904. - Littoral Polychaeta from the Cape of Good Hope. Transactions of the Linnean Society of London, Series 2, Zoology 9 (6): 255 - 268. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1904. tb 00450. x" type="journal article" year="1904">Willey, 1904</bibRefCitation>
NHMUK
</taxonomicName>
1911.2.1.23-26, collected by
<collectionCode id="ED0AAE56F476BE43A607A067FDA2736B" box="[586,610,1353,1376]" pageId="11" pageNumber="474">W</collectionCode>
.F. Purcell, Green Point, Table Bay,
<collectingRegion id="49DFF871F476BE43A562A04DFEA27370" box="[303,354,1379,1403]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="11" pageNumber="474">Cape</collectingRegion>
Town,
<collectingCountry id="F30C7603F476BE43A5E1A04DFDEA7370" box="[428,554,1379,1403]" name="South Africa" pageId="11" pageNumber="474">South Africa</collectingCountry>
,
<date id="FFA51053F476BE43A679A04AFD5F7370" box="[564,671,1379,1403]" pageId="11" pageNumber="474" value="1896-11">Nov. 1896</date>
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="3B733CCEF476BE43A6E4A04DFEC573BB" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3015410304" pageId="11" pageNumber="474" typeStatus="syntype">
One slide of a
<typeStatus id="54A08831F476BE43A4E3A050FF38739D" box="[174,248,1406,1430]" pageId="11" pageNumber="474" type="syntype">syntype</typeStatus>
<collectionCode id="ED0AAE56F476BE43A4B2A050FEA2739E" box="[255,354,1406,1429]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="11" pageNumber="474" type="Museum">NHMUK</collectionCode>
1911.2.1.23-26a;
<figureCitation id="13202A16F476BE43A654A050FDA6739D" box="[537,614,1406,1430]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="17.[132,143,1555,1573]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,216,1512]" captionTargetId="figure-138@17.[132,1455,216,1521]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIG. 6. — Perinereis latipalpa (Schmarda, 1861) n. comb., syntypes of Neanthes latipalpa typica Willey, 1904 n. syn. (NHMUK 1911.2.1.23-26); A, anterior region, dorsal view; B, same, ventral view; C, right jaw, ventral view (arrows point canals); D, maxillary ring of pharynx, ventral view; E, oral ring of pharynx, ventral view (arrow points distal portion of λ-shaped pattern); F, posterior region, dorsal view; G-J, parapodia, anterior view (numbers refer the chaetiger); K, approach of notopodial homogomph spiniger (chaet. 41) (arrow points thicker,separated teeth); L, neuropodial heterogomph falciger, supracicular (chaet. 41); M, same, subacicular (chaet. 41); N, permanent microscope slide with mounted 8th, 33rd and 73rd parapodia (NHMUK 1911.2.1.23-26a); O, same, 28th parapodia (NHMUK 1911.2.1.23-26b). Scale bars: A, B, F, 1 mm; C, 0.2 mm; D, E, G-J, 0.5 mm; K-M, 15 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4439502" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4439502/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="474">Fig. 6N</figureCitation>
, right parapodia 8, 33 and 73
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="3B733CCEF476BE43A542A0B6FD8D73C0" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3015410309" pageId="11" pageNumber="474" typeStatus="syntype">
One slide of a
<typeStatus id="54A08831F476BE43A5D2A0B7FE2973BA" box="[415,489,1433,1457]" pageId="11" pageNumber="474" type="syntype">syntype</typeStatus>
<collectionCode id="ED0AAE56F476BE43A5BDA0B7FD9373BB" box="[496,595,1433,1456]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="11" pageNumber="474" type="Museum">NHMUK</collectionCode>
1911.2.1.23-26b;
<figureCitation id="13202A16F476BE43A4C9A09DFF1273C0" box="[132,210,1459,1483]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="17.[132,143,1555,1573]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,216,1512]" captionTargetId="figure-138@17.[132,1455,216,1521]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIG. 6. — Perinereis latipalpa (Schmarda, 1861) n. comb., syntypes of Neanthes latipalpa typica Willey, 1904 n. syn. (NHMUK 1911.2.1.23-26); A, anterior region, dorsal view; B, same, ventral view; C, right jaw, ventral view (arrows point canals); D, maxillary ring of pharynx, ventral view; E, oral ring of pharynx, ventral view (arrow points distal portion of λ-shaped pattern); F, posterior region, dorsal view; G-J, parapodia, anterior view (numbers refer the chaetiger); K, approach of notopodial homogomph spiniger (chaet. 41) (arrow points thicker,separated teeth); L, neuropodial heterogomph falciger, supracicular (chaet. 41); M, same, subacicular (chaet. 41); N, permanent microscope slide with mounted 8th, 33rd and 73rd parapodia (NHMUK 1911.2.1.23-26a); O, same, 28th parapodia (NHMUK 1911.2.1.23-26b). Scale bars: A, B, F, 1 mm; C, 0.2 mm; D, E, G-J, 0.5 mm; K-M, 15 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4439502" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4439502/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="474">Fig. 6O</figureCitation>
, small specimen, right parapodium 28
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA43693F476BE43A4C9A0CAFCC970E3" blockId="11.[132,777,1506,1768]" pageId="11" pageNumber="474">
ADDITIONAL MATERIAL. —
<materialsCitation id="3B733CCEF476BE43A5DFA0CCFF287041" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3015410306" pageId="11" pageNumber="474">
Seven specimens of
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D10F476BE43A61AA0CDFEB1701E" authority="Wilson &amp; Glasby, 1993" authorityName="Wilson &amp; Glasby" authorityYear="1993" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Perinereis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="11" pageNumber="474" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="namibia">
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F476BE43A61AA0CDFCC773F1" box="[599,775,1506,1530]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="474">Perinereis namibia</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A4B62F476BE43A4C9A0D3FEB1701E" author="WILSON R. S. &amp; GLASBY C. J." box="[132,369,1533,1557]" pageId="11" pageNumber="474" pagination="253 - 277" refId="ref29091" refString="WILSON R. S. &amp; GLASBY C. J. 1993. - A revision of the Perinereis nuntia species group (Polychaeta: Nereididae). Records of the Australian Museum 45 (3): 253 - 277. https: // doi. org / 10.385 3 / j. 0067 - 1975.45.1993.23" type="journal article" year="1993">Wilson &amp; Glasby, 1993</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(
<collectionCode id="ED0AAE56F476BE43A5CDA0D3FE78701E" box="[384,440,1533,1557]" country="Germany" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/8syf-d21i" name="Museum für Naturkunde Berlin (Zoological Collections)" pageId="11" pageNumber="474" type="Museum">ZMB</collectionCode>
4109b), collected by
<collectionCode id="ED0AAE56F476BE43A6DEA0D3FD64701F" box="[659,676,1533,1556]" pageId="11" pageNumber="474">L</collectionCode>
. Schultze, Lüderitz Bay,
<collectingCountry id="F30C7603F476BE43A558A339FEAF7024" box="[277,367,1559,1583]" name="Namibia" pageId="11" pageNumber="474">Namibia</collectingCountry>
,
<date id="FFA51053F476BE43A531A339FE1D7024" box="[380,477,1559,1583]" pageId="11" pageNumber="474" value="1903-07">Jul. 1903</date>
, identified by R. Wilson and C. Glasby
</materialsCitation>
. —
<materialsCitation id="3B733CCEF476BE43A55DA31CFD787074" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3015410301" pageId="11" pageNumber="474">
One specimen of
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D10F476BE43A5F6A31CFEE1706F" authority="(Grube &amp; Kroyer in Grube, 1858)" baseAuthorityName="Grube &amp; Kroyer in Grube" baseAuthorityYear="1858" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Perinereis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="11" pageNumber="474" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="vallata">
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F476BE43A5F6A31CFD997041" box="[443,601,1586,1610]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="474">Perinereis vallata</emphasis>
(Grube &amp; Kröyer
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F476BE43A4C9A363FF58706F" box="[132,152,1613,1636]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="474">in</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A4B62F476BE43A4D0A362FEDA706F" author="GRUBE A. E." box="[157,282,1612,1636]" pageId="11" pageNumber="474" pagination="158 - 186" refId="ref26479" refString="GRUBE A. E. 1858. - Annulata orstediana. Enumeratio Annulatorum, quae in itinere per Indiam occidentalem et Americam centralem annis 1845 - 1848 suscepto legit cl. A. S. Orsted, adjectis speciebus nonnullis a cl. H. Kroyero in itinere ad Americam meridionalem collectis, (Fortsaettelse [continued]) [2. Familia Euniceae - F. Syllidea]. Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra Dansk Naturhistorisk Forening for 1857: 158 - 186. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 110674 # page / 159" type="journal article" year="1858">Grube, 1858</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
(
<collectionCode id="ED0AAE56F476BE43A560A362FEA4706F" box="[301,356,1612,1636]" country="Germany" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/8syf-d21i" name="Museum für Naturkunde Berlin (Zoological Collections)" pageId="11" pageNumber="474" type="Museum">ZMB</collectionCode>
3666), collected by
<collectionCode id="ED0AAE56F476BE43A66AA363FDF8706F" box="[551,568,1613,1636]" pageId="11" pageNumber="474">L</collectionCode>
. Plate, Puerto Montt,
<collectingRegion id="49DFF871F476BE43A4C9A349FF287074" box="[132,232,1639,1663]" country="Chile" name="Los Lagos" pageId="11" pageNumber="474">Los Lagos</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="F30C7603F476BE43A4BEA349FEEB7074" box="[243,299,1639,1663]" name="Chile" pageId="11" pageNumber="474">Chile</collectingCountry>
, identified by A.E. Grube and E. Ehlers
</materialsCitation>
. —
<materialsCitation id="3B733CCEF476BE43A690A349FCC970E3" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3015410305" pageId="11" pageNumber="474">
One specimen of
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D10F476BE43A4B1A3ACFDBA7092" authority="Wilson &amp; Glasby, 1993" authorityName="Wilson &amp; Glasby" authorityYear="1993" box="[252,634,1665,1689]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Perinereis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="11" pageNumber="474" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="akuna">
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F476BE43A4B1A3ACFE547092" box="[252,404,1665,1689]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="474">Perinereis akuna</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A4B62F476BE43A5D5A3AFFDBA7092" author="WILSON R. S. &amp; GLASBY C. J." box="[408,634,1665,1689]" pageId="11" pageNumber="474" pagination="253 - 277" refId="ref29091" refString="WILSON R. S. &amp; GLASBY C. J. 1993. - A revision of the Perinereis nuntia species group (Polychaeta: Nereididae). Records of the Australian Museum 45 (3): 253 - 277. https: // doi. org / 10.385 3 / j. 0067 - 1975.45.1993.23" type="journal article" year="1993">Wilson &amp; Glasby, 1993</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(
<collectionCode id="ED0AAE56F476BE43A6CBA3AFFCC77092" box="[646,775,1665,1689]" pageId="11" pageNumber="474">LACM-AHF</collectionCode>
Poly 10199), collected by S. J. Edmonds, Venus Bay inlet, Eyre Peninsula, South Australia,
<geoCoordinate id="EE2F5054F476BE43A520A398FE1E70C5" box="[365,478,1718,1742]" degrees="33" direction="south" minutes="13" orientation="latitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="474" precision="15" seconds="00" value="-33.216667">33°1300”S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE2F5054F476BE43A5A7A398FDAA70C5" box="[490,618,1718,1742]" degrees="134" direction="east" minutes="40" orientation="longitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="474" precision="15" seconds="00" value="134.66667">134°4000”E</geoCoordinate>
, associated with
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D10F476BE43A4C8A3FEFEB970E3" authority="(Gould)" baseAuthorityName="Gould" baseAuthorityYear="1850" box="[133,377,1744,1768]" class="Bivalvia" family="Mytilidae" genus="Modiolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mytiloida" pageId="11" pageNumber="474" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="areolatus">
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F476BE43A4C8A3FEFEE970E3" box="[133,297,1744,1768]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="474">Modiolus areolatus</emphasis>
(Gould)
</taxonomicName>
clusters, no date, identified by T. Villalobos.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3016518F476BE43A4C9A3D1FB1C74A0" pageId="11" pageNumber="474" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BA43693F476BE43A4C9A3D1FA677778" blockId="11.[132,775,1790,2026]" lastBlockId="11.[811,1456,215,371]" pageId="11" pageNumber="474">DIAGNOSIS. — Specimens with antennae separated, nuchal organs subequal to posterior eyes, postero-dorsal tentacular cirri reaching chaetigers 3-6. Jaws with 5-6 canals. Maxillary ring: AI = 1-2; AII = 2-10; AIII = 8-20, 1-2 lateral cones; AIV = 14-28, merged paragnaths absent. Oral ring: AVI-V-VI pattern, λ- shaped; AV = 0-2, paragnaths slightly behind AVI; AVI = 9-12, arc long, oblique, bars short, even; AVII-VIII = 48-66, 2-3 transverse rows, proximal with large cones. Gap between AVI and AVII-VIII narrow. Dorsal cirri 1.5-2 times longer than dorsal ligule, inserted posteriorly on three-quarters of it. Dorsal ligule barely uneven throughout body, subequal to median ligule; distal lobe bluntly conical posteriorly. Ventral cirri cirriform. Homogomph spinigers with proximal teeth notoriously thickened, separated; absent in subacicular neurochaeta. Heterogomph spinigers with proximal teeth barely thickened, evenly spaced; present throughout. Heterogomph falcigers with medium blades.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA43693F476BE43A760A4A5FB1C74A0" blockId="11.[809,1457,395,683]" pageId="11" pageNumber="474">
VARIATIONS. — LT =
<quantity id="4CE39B76F476BE43A045A4A5FB4577A9" box="[1032,1157,395,419]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.65" metricValueMax="14.5" metricValueMin="4.8" pageId="11" pageNumber="474" unit="mm" value="96.5" valueMax="145.0" valueMin="48.0">48-145 mm</quantity>
, L15 =
<quantity id="4CE39B76F476BE43A082A4A5FAF277A9" box="[1231,1330,395,419]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" metricValueMax="2.4" metricValueMin="0.8" pageId="11" pageNumber="474" unit="mm" value="16.0" valueMax="24.0" valueMin="8.0">8-24 mm</quantity>
, W15 =
<quantity id="4CE39B76F476BE43A1CBA4A5FCBC77B6" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.6" metricValueMax="5.5" metricValueMin="1.7" pageId="11" pageNumber="474" unit="mm" value="3.6" valueMax="5.5" valueMin="1.7">1.7- 5.5 mm</quantity>
, 89-143 chaetigers. Antero-dorsal tentacular cirri reaching chaetiger 1-2. Postero-dorsal reaching chaetiger 3-6. Jaws with 4-8 denticles, 5-6 canals. Paragnaths: I =1-2, II =2-10, III =8-20, lateral cones 1-2, IV = 14-28, none merged paragnaths, V = 0-2, VI = 9-12, VII-VIII = 48-66, arranged in 2-3 transverse rows. Dorsal ligule expanding from parapodia 26-38. Notoacicular process developed in parapodia 5 to 14-22. Superior lobe developed in first 53-57 parapodia, projecting beyond end of neuracicular ligule in first 22-25 parapodia. Anal cirri as long as last 4-9 chaetigers. Falcigers with serrated region 0.43-0.52 total blade length.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3016518F476BE43A760A7EDFC7C74FD" pageId="11" pageNumber="474" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BA43693F476BE43A760A7EDFC7C74FD" blockId="11.[813,1455,707,758]" pageId="11" pageNumber="474">
HABITAT. — Mud beneath stones (Schmarda 1861), among rocks (
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A4B62F476BE43A778A7F3FC6F74FD" author="WILLEY A." box="[821,943,733,758]" pageId="11" pageNumber="474" pagination="255 - 268" refId="ref28948" refString="WILLEY A. 1904. - Littoral Polychaeta from the Cape of Good Hope. Transactions of the Linnean Society of London, Series 2, Zoology 9 (6): 255 - 268. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1904. tb 00450. x" type="journal article" year="1904">Willey 1904</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3016518F476BE43A760A620FA6D752E" box="[813,1453,781,806]" pageId="11" pageNumber="474" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BA43693F476BE43A760A620FA6D752E" blockId="11.[813,1453,781,806]" box="[813,1453,781,806]" pageId="11" pageNumber="474">
TYPE LOCALITY. — Table Bay,
<collectingRegion id="49DFF871F476BE43A019A623FB47752E" box="[1108,1159,781,805]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="11" pageNumber="474">Cape</collectingRegion>
of Good Hope,
<collectingCountry id="F30C7603F476BE43A167A623FA68752E" box="[1322,1448,781,805]" name="South Africa" pageId="11" pageNumber="474">South Africa</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3016518F476BE43A760A613FC357564" pageId="11" pageNumber="474" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BA43693F476BE43A760A613FC357564" blockId="11.[813,1455,829,879]" pageId="11" pageNumber="474">
DISTRIBUTION. — Lüderitz Bay,
<collectingCountry id="F30C7603F476BE43A033A613FB15755E" box="[1150,1237,829,853]" name="Namibia" pageId="11" pageNumber="474">Namibia</collectingCountry>
and Table Bay,
<collectingRegion id="49DFF871F476BE43A136A613FA6F755E" box="[1403,1455,829,853]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="11" pageNumber="474">Cape</collectingRegion>
Town,
<collectingCountry id="F30C7603F476BE43A73EA679FC317564" box="[883,1009,855,879]" name="South Africa" pageId="11" pageNumber="474">South Africa</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3016518F476BE5CA760A6BBFDD171E0" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="483" pageId="11" pageNumber="474" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BA43693F476BE43A760A6BBFB0175C4" blockId="11.[809,1455,917,1103]" pageId="11" pageNumber="474">
DESCRIPTION (
<typeStatus id="54A08831F476BE43A783A6B4FB8375A6" box="[974,1091,922,941]" pageId="11" pageNumber="474" type="lectotype">LECTOTYPE</typeStatus>
AND TWO
<typeStatus id="54A08831F476BE43A0F4A6B4FAAB75A6" box="[1209,1387,922,941]" pageId="11" pageNumber="474" type="paralectotype">PARALECTOTYPES</typeStatus>
)
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F476BE43A760A69BFB0175C4" box="[813,1217,948,975]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="474">
<typeStatus id="54A08831F476BE43A760A69BFC4E75C5" box="[813,910,949,974]" pageId="11" pageNumber="474" type="lectotype">Lectotype</typeStatus>
,
<specimenCode id="DBBD9EE8F476BE43A7D4A69BFBCB75C5" box="[921,1035,948,974]" collectionCode="MPW" pageId="11" pageNumber="474">MPW 769</specimenCode>
a, atoke, complete
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA43693F476BE43A760A6FBFA6E7245" blockId="11.[809,1455,917,1103]" pageId="11" pageNumber="474">
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F476BE43A760A6FBFC1275E4" bold="true" box="[813,978,981,1007]" pageId="11" pageNumber="474">Measurements.</emphasis>
TL=
<quantity id="4CE39B76F476BE43A041A6FBFBA975E4" box="[1036,1129,981,1007]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.27" pageId="11" pageNumber="474" unit="mm" value="127.0">127 mm</quantity>
, L15 =
<quantity id="4CE39B76F476BE43A0FFA6FAFAD675E4" box="[1202,1302,980,1007]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.05" pageId="11" pageNumber="474" unit="mm" value="20.5">20.5 mm</quantity>
, W15=
<quantity id="4CE39B76F476BE43A127A6FAFA6C75E4" box="[1386,1452,980,1007]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="474" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity>
, with 109 chaetigers.
<typeStatus id="54A08831F476BE43A059A6DAFB707205" box="[1044,1200,1012,1038]" pageId="11" pageNumber="474" type="paralectotype">Paralectotypes</typeStatus>
atokes, longer female, complete, smaller lacking posterior region, TL=
<quantity id="4CE39B76F476BE43A165A13AFA6B7224" box="[1320,1451,1044,1071]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.16" metricValueMax="1.3699999999999999" metricValueMin="0.95" pageId="11" pageNumber="474" unit="mm" value="116.0" valueMax="137.0" valueMin="95.0">95-137 mm</quantity>
, L15=
<quantity id="4CE39B76F476BE43A725A11AFC2B7244" box="[872,1003,1076,1103]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.135" metricValueMax="2.37" metricValueMin="1.9" pageId="11" pageNumber="474" unit="mm" value="21.35" valueMax="23.7" valueMin="19.0">19-23.7 mm</quantity>
, W15=
<quantity id="4CE39B76F476BE43A076A11AFB777244" box="[1083,1207,1076,1103]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.55" metricValueMax="4.6" metricValueMin="4.5" pageId="11" pageNumber="474" unit="mm" value="4.55" valueMax="4.6" valueMin="4.5">4.5-4.6 mm</quantity>
, with 49-131 chaetigers.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA43693F476BE43A760A15AFBC27305" blockId="11.[811,1457,1140,1294]" pageId="11" pageNumber="474">
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F476BE43A760A15AFC097285" bold="true" box="[813,969,1140,1166]" pageId="11" pageNumber="474">Pigmentation.</emphasis>
Brown, most intense anteriorly. Blackish glandular patches in ligules, cirrophore of ventral cirri and ventral ends of segments, most intense posteriorly (
<figureCitation id="13202A16F476BE43A146A19AFAA272C5" box="[1291,1378,1204,1230]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="12.[132,143,1917,1935]" captionTargetBox="[134,1455,223,1779]" captionTargetId="figure-17@12.[132,1455,223,1779]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIG. 3. — Perinereis latipalpa (Schmarda, 1861) n. comb: A, recent (above) and older (below) labels of the jars containing paralectotype materials at the Natural History Museum, Vienna (NMHW 771); B, C, lectotype (NMHW 769a); D-I, Paralectotype (NMHW 771); B, anterior region, dorsal view; C, posterior region, dorsal view; D, pharynx, anterior view (arrow points distal portion of λ-shaped pattern); E, same, ventral view; F, same, dorsal view; inset: entire λ-shaped pattern (arrow points proximal overlap of areas V and VI); G, same, lateral view (arrow points narrow gap); H, left jaw, dorsal (left) and ventral (right) views; I, same, zoom-in, ventral view (arrow: canals). Scale bars: B, C, 3 mm; D-G, 2 mm; H, 1 mm; I, 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4436922" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4436922/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="474">Fig. 3C</figureCitation>
); same glandulation running transversally on dorsum of posterior segments (
<figureCitation id="13202A16F476BE43A7D2A1DDFC347305" box="[927,1012,1267,1294]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="12.[132,143,1917,1935]" captionTargetBox="[134,1455,223,1779]" captionTargetId="figure-17@12.[132,1455,223,1779]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIG. 3. — Perinereis latipalpa (Schmarda, 1861) n. comb: A, recent (above) and older (below) labels of the jars containing paralectotype materials at the Natural History Museum, Vienna (NMHW 771); B, C, lectotype (NMHW 769a); D-I, Paralectotype (NMHW 771); B, anterior region, dorsal view; C, posterior region, dorsal view; D, pharynx, anterior view (arrow points distal portion of λ-shaped pattern); E, same, ventral view; F, same, dorsal view; inset: entire λ-shaped pattern (arrow points proximal overlap of areas V and VI); G, same, lateral view (arrow points narrow gap); H, left jaw, dorsal (left) and ventral (right) views; I, same, zoom-in, ventral view (arrow: canals). Scale bars: B, C, 3 mm; D-G, 2 mm; H, 1 mm; I, 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4436922" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4436922/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="474">Fig. 3C</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA43693F476BE43A760A01DFAC87127" blockId="11.[810,1455,1331,1836]" pageId="11" pageNumber="474">
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F476BE43A760A01DFCB07346" bold="true" box="[813,880,1331,1357]" pageId="11" pageNumber="474">Head.</emphasis>
Prostomium sub-pentagonal with broad anterior end (
<figureCitation id="13202A16F476BE43A779A07DFC467366" box="[820,902,1363,1389]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="12.[132,143,1917,1935]" captionTargetBox="[134,1455,223,1779]" captionTargetId="figure-17@12.[132,1455,223,1779]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIG. 3. — Perinereis latipalpa (Schmarda, 1861) n. comb: A, recent (above) and older (below) labels of the jars containing paralectotype materials at the Natural History Museum, Vienna (NMHW 771); B, C, lectotype (NMHW 769a); D-I, Paralectotype (NMHW 771); B, anterior region, dorsal view; C, posterior region, dorsal view; D, pharynx, anterior view (arrow points distal portion of λ-shaped pattern); E, same, ventral view; F, same, dorsal view; inset: entire λ-shaped pattern (arrow points proximal overlap of areas V and VI); G, same, lateral view (arrow points narrow gap); H, left jaw, dorsal (left) and ventral (right) views; I, same, zoom-in, ventral view (arrow: canals). Scale bars: B, C, 3 mm; D-G, 2 mm; H, 1 mm; I, 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4436922" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4436922/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="474">Fig. 3B</figureCitation>
), as long as wide; anterolateral sides 1.5 times wider than antennal diameter. Palpophores oval (
<figureCitation id="13202A16F476BE43A0BFA05DFA837386" box="[1266,1347,1395,1421]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="12.[132,143,1917,1935]" captionTargetBox="[134,1455,223,1779]" captionTargetId="figure-17@12.[132,1455,223,1779]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIG. 3. — Perinereis latipalpa (Schmarda, 1861) n. comb: A, recent (above) and older (below) labels of the jars containing paralectotype materials at the Natural History Museum, Vienna (NMHW 771); B, C, lectotype (NMHW 769a); D-I, Paralectotype (NMHW 771); B, anterior region, dorsal view; C, posterior region, dorsal view; D, pharynx, anterior view (arrow points distal portion of λ-shaped pattern); E, same, ventral view; F, same, dorsal view; inset: entire λ-shaped pattern (arrow points proximal overlap of areas V and VI); G, same, lateral view (arrow points narrow gap); H, left jaw, dorsal (left) and ventral (right) views; I, same, zoom-in, ventral view (arrow: canals). Scale bars: B, C, 3 mm; D-G, 2 mm; H, 1 mm; I, 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4436922" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4436922/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="474">Fig. 3B</figureCitation>
), massive, slightly longer than wide, equaling entire length of prostomium; one deep wrinkle placed obliquely in one-half of palpophore. Antennae separated, gap three-quarters of antennal diameter (
<figureCitation id="13202A16F476BE43A779A0DDFC477006" box="[820,903,1523,1549]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="12.[132,143,1917,1935]" captionTargetBox="[134,1455,223,1779]" captionTargetId="figure-17@12.[132,1455,223,1779]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIG. 3. — Perinereis latipalpa (Schmarda, 1861) n. comb: A, recent (above) and older (below) labels of the jars containing paralectotype materials at the Natural History Museum, Vienna (NMHW 771); B, C, lectotype (NMHW 769a); D-I, Paralectotype (NMHW 771); B, anterior region, dorsal view; C, posterior region, dorsal view; D, pharynx, anterior view (arrow points distal portion of λ-shaped pattern); E, same, ventral view; F, same, dorsal view; inset: entire λ-shaped pattern (arrow points proximal overlap of areas V and VI); G, same, lateral view (arrow points narrow gap); H, left jaw, dorsal (left) and ventral (right) views; I, same, zoom-in, ventral view (arrow: canals). Scale bars: B, C, 3 mm; D-G, 2 mm; H, 1 mm; I, 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4436922" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4436922/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="474">Fig. 3B</figureCitation>
); conical, slender, extending backward to one-third of prostomium. Eyes in sub-trapezoidal arrangement, blackish, anterior and posterior pairs well separated (twice size of posterior;
<figureCitation id="13202A16F476BE43A7D7A37CFC2B7067" box="[922,1003,1618,1644]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="12.[132,143,1917,1935]" captionTargetBox="[134,1455,223,1779]" captionTargetId="figure-17@12.[132,1455,223,1779]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIG. 3. — Perinereis latipalpa (Schmarda, 1861) n. comb: A, recent (above) and older (below) labels of the jars containing paralectotype materials at the Natural History Museum, Vienna (NMHW 771); B, C, lectotype (NMHW 769a); D-I, Paralectotype (NMHW 771); B, anterior region, dorsal view; C, posterior region, dorsal view; D, pharynx, anterior view (arrow points distal portion of λ-shaped pattern); E, same, ventral view; F, same, dorsal view; inset: entire λ-shaped pattern (arrow points proximal overlap of areas V and VI); G, same, lateral view (arrow points narrow gap); H, left jaw, dorsal (left) and ventral (right) views; I, same, zoom-in, ventral view (arrow: canals). Scale bars: B, C, 3 mm; D-G, 2 mm; H, 1 mm; I, 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4436922" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4436922/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="474">Fig. 3B</figureCitation>
); lens barely visible, grayish. Anterior pair of eyes rounded, nearly subequal to antennal diameter; lens oval, located anterolaterally, touching margin of eye, covering 20%. Posterior pair of eyes rounded, similar-sized to anterior pair; lens rounded, located posterolaterally, not touching margin, covering 70%. Nuchal organs deeply embedded, slightly convex, subequal to posterior eyes (
<figureCitation id="13202A16F476BE43A0E5A23CFB3A7127" box="[1192,1274,1810,1836]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="12.[132,143,1917,1935]" captionTargetBox="[134,1455,223,1779]" captionTargetId="figure-17@12.[132,1455,223,1779]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIG. 3. — Perinereis latipalpa (Schmarda, 1861) n. comb: A, recent (above) and older (below) labels of the jars containing paralectotype materials at the Natural History Museum, Vienna (NMHW 771); B, C, lectotype (NMHW 769a); D-I, Paralectotype (NMHW 771); B, anterior region, dorsal view; C, posterior region, dorsal view; D, pharynx, anterior view (arrow points distal portion of λ-shaped pattern); E, same, ventral view; F, same, dorsal view; inset: entire λ-shaped pattern (arrow points proximal overlap of areas V and VI); G, same, lateral view (arrow points narrow gap); H, left jaw, dorsal (left) and ventral (right) views; I, same, zoom-in, ventral view (arrow: canals). Scale bars: B, C, 3 mm; D-G, 2 mm; H, 1 mm; I, 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4436922" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4436922/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="474">Fig. 3B</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA43693F476BE45A760A27FFECE779A" blockId="11.[811,1457,1873,2028]" lastBlockId="13.[130,775,215,401]" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="476" pageId="11" pageNumber="474">
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F476BE43A760A27FFADE7160" bold="true" box="[813,1310,1873,1900]" pageId="11" pageNumber="474">Apodous anterior segment &amp; tentacular cirri.</emphasis>
Apodous anterior segment 4 times wider than long, 1.4 (1.4-1.5) times longer than chaetiger 1.Tentacular cirri pattern: Postero-dorsal cirri 1.5 times longer than antero-dorsal ones; anterior-ventral cirri slightly longer than postero-ventral one. Antero-dorsal cirri reaching chaetiger 1 (1-2); antero-ventral slightly smaller than palpophore. Postero-dorsal reaching chaetiger 3 (2-5); postero-ventral extending over prostomium to reach one-third of it. Dorsal cirrophores wrinkled, cylindrical; postero-dorsal cirrophores longest, 2.5 times length of postero-ventral ringshaped ones.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF64661BF471BE44A4C9A253FC8871E2" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4436922" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4436922" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4436922/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="475" startId="12.[132,143,1917,1935]" targetBox="[134,1455,223,1779]" targetPageId="12">
<paragraph id="8BA43693F471BE44A4C9A253FC8871E2" blockId="12.[132,1457,1916,2025]" pageId="12" pageNumber="475">
FIG. 3. —
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D10F471BE44A498A253FDCB7184" authority="(Schmarda, 1861)" authorityName="Villalobos-Guerrero" authorityYear="2019" baseAuthorityName="Schmarda" baseAuthorityYear="1861" box="[213,523,1916,1935]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Perinereis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="12" pageNumber="475" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="latipalpa" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F471BE44A498A253FEB27184" box="[213,370,1917,1935]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="475">Perinereis latipalpa</emphasis>
(Schmarda, 1861)
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25C57FAF471BE44A65DA253FD987184" box="[528,600,1917,1935]" pageId="12" pageNumber="475" rank="species">n. comb</taxonomicNameLabel>
:
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F471BE44A62DA253FDAD7184" bold="true" box="[608,621,1917,1935]" pageId="12" pageNumber="475">A</emphasis>
, recent (above) and older (below) labels of the jars containing paralectotype materials at the Natural History Museum, Vienna (NMHW 771);
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F471BE44A58AA2BDFE1471AE" bold="true" box="[455,468,1939,1957]" pageId="12" pageNumber="475">B</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F471BE44A593A2BDFE2C71AE" bold="true" box="[478,492,1939,1957]" pageId="12" pageNumber="475">C</emphasis>
, lectotype (NMHW 769a);
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F471BE44A68BA2BDFD2171AE" bold="true" box="[710,737,1939,1957]" pageId="12" pageNumber="475">D -I</emphasis>
, Paralectotype (NMHW 771);
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F471BE44A79BA2BDFC2371AE" bold="true" box="[982,995,1939,1957]" pageId="12" pageNumber="475">B</emphasis>
, anterior region, dorsal view;
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F471BE44A09AA2BDFB2571AE" bold="true" box="[1239,1253,1939,1957]" pageId="12" pageNumber="475">C</emphasis>
, posterior region, dorsal view;
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F471BE44A4F9A284FF0271B7" bold="true" box="[180,194,1962,1980]" pageId="12" pageNumber="475">D</emphasis>
, pharynx, anterior view (arrow points distal portion of λ- shaped pattern);
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F471BE44A754A284FCE571B7" bold="true" box="[793,805,1962,1980]" pageId="12" pageNumber="475">E</emphasis>
, same, ventral view;
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F471BE44A79FA284FC1D71B7" bold="true" box="[978,989,1962,1980]" pageId="12" pageNumber="475">F</emphasis>
, same, dorsal view; inset: entire λ- shaped pattern (arrow points proximal overlap of areas V and VI);
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F471BE44A5BDA2EEFE3E71D9" bold="true" box="[496,510,1984,2002]" pageId="12" pageNumber="475">G</emphasis>
, same, lateral view (arrow points narrow gap);
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F471BE44A7C5A2EFFC5671D8" bold="true" box="[904,918,1985,2003]" pageId="12" pageNumber="475">H</emphasis>
, left jaw, dorsal (left) and ventral (right) views;
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F471BE44A150A2EFFAE371D8" bold="true" box="[1309,1315,1985,2003]" pageId="12" pageNumber="475">I</emphasis>
, same, zoom-in, ventral view (arrow: canals). Scale bars: B, C, 3 mm; D-G, 2 mm; H, 1 mm; I, 0.5 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BA43693F470BE45A4C9A499FDE87325" blockId="13.[130,776,438,1326]" pageId="13" pageNumber="476">
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F470BE45A4C9A499FF2477DA" bold="true" box="[132,228,439,465]" pageId="13" pageNumber="476">Pharynx.</emphasis>
Not everted, previously dissected (based on
<typeStatus id="54A08831F470BE45A6EEA498FCC477DB" box="[675,772,438,464]" pageId="13" pageNumber="476" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
, figures referring to a
<typeStatus id="54A08831F470BE45A51EA4F8FE1D77FB" box="[339,477,470,496]" pageId="13" pageNumber="476" type="paralectotype">paralectotype</typeStatus>
with everted pharynx). Only one jaw available, blackish in distal quarter, then brownish; 7 (6-8) denticles,poorly developed, inner margin of fang flattened, equaling next 4 denticles; pulp cavity two-fifths (two-fifths to three-fifths) length of jaw (
<figureCitation id="13202A16F470BE45A5D3A778FE33747B" box="[414,499,598,624]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="12.[132,143,1917,1935]" captionTargetBox="[134,1455,223,1779]" captionTargetId="figure-17@12.[132,1455,223,1779]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIG. 3. — Perinereis latipalpa (Schmarda, 1861) n. comb: A, recent (above) and older (below) labels of the jars containing paralectotype materials at the Natural History Museum, Vienna (NMHW 771); B, C, lectotype (NMHW 769a); D-I, Paralectotype (NMHW 771); B, anterior region, dorsal view; C, posterior region, dorsal view; D, pharynx, anterior view (arrow points distal portion of λ-shaped pattern); E, same, ventral view; F, same, dorsal view; inset: entire λ-shaped pattern (arrow points proximal overlap of areas V and VI); G, same, lateral view (arrow points narrow gap); H, left jaw, dorsal (left) and ventral (right) views; I, same, zoom-in, ventral view (arrow: canals). Scale bars: B, C, 3 mm; D-G, 2 mm; H, 1 mm; I, 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4436922" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4436922/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="476">Fig. 3H</figureCitation>
), distal apex leveling third basal denticle; 5 (5-6) longitudinal canals emerging from pulp cavity (
<figureCitation id="13202A16F470BE45A483A7B8FED774BB" box="[206,279,662,688]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="12.[132,143,1917,1935]" captionTargetBox="[134,1455,223,1779]" captionTargetId="figure-17@12.[132,1455,223,1779]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIG. 3. — Perinereis latipalpa (Schmarda, 1861) n. comb: A, recent (above) and older (below) labels of the jars containing paralectotype materials at the Natural History Museum, Vienna (NMHW 771); B, C, lectotype (NMHW 769a); D-I, Paralectotype (NMHW 771); B, anterior region, dorsal view; C, posterior region, dorsal view; D, pharynx, anterior view (arrow points distal portion of λ-shaped pattern); E, same, ventral view; F, same, dorsal view; inset: entire λ-shaped pattern (arrow points proximal overlap of areas V and VI); G, same, lateral view (arrow points narrow gap); H, left jaw, dorsal (left) and ventral (right) views; I, same, zoom-in, ventral view (arrow: canals). Scale bars: B, C, 3 mm; D-G, 2 mm; H, 1 mm; I, 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4436922" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4436922/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="476">Fig. 3I</figureCitation>
). Maxillary ring (
<figureCitation id="13202A16F470BE45A59DA7B8FDE674BB" box="[464,550,662,688]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="12.[132,143,1917,1935]" captionTargetBox="[134,1455,223,1779]" captionTargetId="figure-17@12.[132,1455,223,1779]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIG. 3. — Perinereis latipalpa (Schmarda, 1861) n. comb: A, recent (above) and older (below) labels of the jars containing paralectotype materials at the Natural History Museum, Vienna (NMHW 771); B, C, lectotype (NMHW 769a); D-I, Paralectotype (NMHW 771); B, anterior region, dorsal view; C, posterior region, dorsal view; D, pharynx, anterior view (arrow points distal portion of λ-shaped pattern); E, same, ventral view; F, same, dorsal view; inset: entire λ-shaped pattern (arrow points proximal overlap of areas V and VI); G, same, lateral view (arrow points narrow gap); H, left jaw, dorsal (left) and ventral (right) views; I, same, zoom-in, ventral view (arrow: canals). Scale bars: B, C, 3 mm; D-G, 2 mm; H, 1 mm; I, 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4436922" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4436922/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="476">Fig. 3D</figureCitation>
): paragnaths conical, none worn, brownish amber colored, much smaller than those on oral ring. AI = 1 (1-2), longer than those on AII. AIIa =4 (4-5), AIIb= 5 (4-9), oblique irregular patch, two irregular rows. AIII= 9 (9-12), oval patch, two slightly regular transverse rows, one cone laterally isolated in each side. AIVa =18 (19-22), AIVb =23 (19-27), lemniscate-shaped patch, maxillary portion smaller than proximal one, outer cones smallest; merged paragnaths absent. Oral ring (
<figureCitation id="13202A16F470BE45A657A6BBFD9675A4" box="[538,598,917,943]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="12.[132,143,1917,1935]" captionTargetBox="[134,1455,223,1779]" captionTargetId="figure-17@12.[132,1455,223,1779]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIG. 3. — Perinereis latipalpa (Schmarda, 1861) n. comb: A, recent (above) and older (below) labels of the jars containing paralectotype materials at the Natural History Museum, Vienna (NMHW 771); B, C, lectotype (NMHW 769a); D-I, Paralectotype (NMHW 771); B, anterior region, dorsal view; C, posterior region, dorsal view; D, pharynx, anterior view (arrow points distal portion of λ-shaped pattern); E, same, ventral view; F, same, dorsal view; inset: entire λ-shaped pattern (arrow points proximal overlap of areas V and VI); G, same, lateral view (arrow points narrow gap); H, left jaw, dorsal (left) and ventral (right) views; I, same, zoom-in, ventral view (arrow: canals). Scale bars: B, C, 3 mm; D-G, 2 mm; H, 1 mm; I, 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4436922" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4436922/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="476">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
E-G): AVI-V-VI pattern, λ- shaped; AVI overlapping proximally AV further behind arc of paragnaths (
<figureCitation id="13202A16F470BE45A5EBA6FAFE3975E4" box="[422,505,980,1007]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="12.[132,143,1917,1935]" captionTargetBox="[134,1455,223,1779]" captionTargetId="figure-17@12.[132,1455,223,1779]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIG. 3. — Perinereis latipalpa (Schmarda, 1861) n. comb: A, recent (above) and older (below) labels of the jars containing paralectotype materials at the Natural History Museum, Vienna (NMHW 771); B, C, lectotype (NMHW 769a); D-I, Paralectotype (NMHW 771); B, anterior region, dorsal view; C, posterior region, dorsal view; D, pharynx, anterior view (arrow points distal portion of λ-shaped pattern); E, same, ventral view; F, same, dorsal view; inset: entire λ-shaped pattern (arrow points proximal overlap of areas V and VI); G, same, lateral view (arrow points narrow gap); H, left jaw, dorsal (left) and ventral (right) views; I, same, zoom-in, ventral view (arrow: canals). Scale bars: B, C, 3 mm; D-G, 2 mm; H, 1 mm; I, 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4436922" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4436922/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="476">Fig. 3F</figureCitation>
). Paragnaths conical and shield-shaped bars, reddish amber colored.AV=1 (1-2), aligned to paragnaths of AVI. AVIa =9 (9-10), AVIb =11 (9-10), arc of paragnaths long, slightly oblique, shield-shaped bars; bars short, tip barely worn, similar in length; ridges prominent, broad, slightly wider than palpophore. AVII-VIII=53 (49- 66), conical paragnaths, bigger ones arranged in longitudinal wrinkles of ring (
<figureCitation id="13202A16F470BE45A574A19AFE4A72C5" box="[313,394,1204,1230]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="12.[132,143,1917,1935]" captionTargetBox="[134,1455,223,1779]" captionTargetId="figure-17@12.[132,1455,223,1779]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIG. 3. — Perinereis latipalpa (Schmarda, 1861) n. comb: A, recent (above) and older (below) labels of the jars containing paralectotype materials at the Natural History Museum, Vienna (NMHW 771); B, C, lectotype (NMHW 769a); D-I, Paralectotype (NMHW 771); B, anterior region, dorsal view; C, posterior region, dorsal view; D, pharynx, anterior view (arrow points distal portion of λ-shaped pattern); E, same, ventral view; F, same, dorsal view; inset: entire λ-shaped pattern (arrow points proximal overlap of areas V and VI); G, same, lateral view (arrow points narrow gap); H, left jaw, dorsal (left) and ventral (right) views; I, same, zoom-in, ventral view (arrow: canals). Scale bars: B, C, 3 mm; D-G, 2 mm; H, 1 mm; I, 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4436922" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4436922/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="476">Fig. 3E</figureCitation>
); single band of two main rows, not increasing in number dorsoventrally, distal row slightly more regular than proximal one. Gap between AVI and AVII-VIII narrow, as wide as palpostyle (
<figureCitation id="13202A16F470BE45A588A03DFDDB7325" box="[453,539,1299,1326]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="12.[132,143,1917,1935]" captionTargetBox="[134,1455,223,1779]" captionTargetId="figure-17@12.[132,1455,223,1779]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIG. 3. — Perinereis latipalpa (Schmarda, 1861) n. comb: A, recent (above) and older (below) labels of the jars containing paralectotype materials at the Natural History Museum, Vienna (NMHW 771); B, C, lectotype (NMHW 769a); D-I, Paralectotype (NMHW 771); B, anterior region, dorsal view; C, posterior region, dorsal view; D, pharynx, anterior view (arrow points distal portion of λ-shaped pattern); E, same, ventral view; F, same, dorsal view; inset: entire λ-shaped pattern (arrow points proximal overlap of areas V and VI); G, same, lateral view (arrow points narrow gap); H, left jaw, dorsal (left) and ventral (right) views; I, same, zoom-in, ventral view (arrow: canals). Scale bars: B, C, 3 mm; D-G, 2 mm; H, 1 mm; I, 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4436922" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4436922/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="476">Fig. 3G</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA43693F470BE45A4C9A07DFA8B775A" blockId="13.[130,777,1363,2028]" lastBlockId="13.[811,1456,215,338]" pageId="13" pageNumber="476">
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F470BE45A4C9A07DFEC37366" bold="true" box="[132,259,1363,1389]" pageId="13" pageNumber="476">Notopodia.</emphasis>
Dorsal cirrus slightly longer than dorsal ligule in first parapodia, subequal to ligule or slightly longer in anterior and median parapodia, 1.5-2 times longer in posterior ones; cirri longer than length of proximal lobe of dorsal ligule in anterior parapodia (
<figureCitation id="13202A16F470BE45A517A0FDFE0C73E6" box="[346,460,1491,1517]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="14.[132,143,1871,1889]" captionTargetBox="[132,1453,218,1781]" captionTargetId="figure-17@14.[132,1455,218,1783]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIG. 4. — Perinereis latipalpa (Schmarda, 1861) n. comb. lectotype (NMHW 769a): A-F, parapodia, anterior view (numbers refer the chaetiger); A, B, with bent dorsal cirri; E, black arrowheads,points used for measuring entire length of distal lobe of dorsal ligule; white, same but for proximal lobe; F, with incomplete dorsal cirri; black arrowheads, central glandular patch; white, proximal patch; G, H, approach of notopodial homogomph spinigers (chaet. 39 and 60, respectively) (arrows point thick, separated teeth); I, Heterogomph spiniger (chaet. 60); inset: proximal teeth; J, neuropodial heterogomph falciger, supracicular (chaet. 60); K, same, subacicular (chaet. 60); black arrowheads,points used for measuring length of blade of the proximal end (a); white,same but for distal end (b); L, same, subacicular (chaet. 119), black arrowheads, points used for measuring length of the serrated region; white, same but for entire length of blade. Scale bars: A-F, 0.5 mm; G-L, 15 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4436926" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4436926/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="476">Fig. 4A, B</figureCitation>
), subequal to it from median ones (
<figureCitation id="13202A16F470BE45A48AA0DDFECA7006" box="[199,266,1523,1549]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="14.[132,143,1871,1889]" captionTargetBox="[132,1453,218,1781]" captionTargetId="figure-17@14.[132,1455,218,1783]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIG. 4. — Perinereis latipalpa (Schmarda, 1861) n. comb. lectotype (NMHW 769a): A-F, parapodia, anterior view (numbers refer the chaetiger); A, B, with bent dorsal cirri; E, black arrowheads,points used for measuring entire length of distal lobe of dorsal ligule; white, same but for proximal lobe; F, with incomplete dorsal cirri; black arrowheads, central glandular patch; white, proximal patch; G, H, approach of notopodial homogomph spinigers (chaet. 39 and 60, respectively) (arrows point thick, separated teeth); I, Heterogomph spiniger (chaet. 60); inset: proximal teeth; J, neuropodial heterogomph falciger, supracicular (chaet. 60); K, same, subacicular (chaet. 60); black arrowheads,points used for measuring length of blade of the proximal end (a); white,same but for distal end (b); L, same, subacicular (chaet. 119), black arrowheads, points used for measuring length of the serrated region; white, same but for entire length of blade. Scale bars: A-F, 0.5 mm; G-L, 15 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4436926" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4436926/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="476">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
C-F); cirrus inserted on one-third in anterior parapodia (
<figureCitation id="13202A16F470BE45A548A33CFEBD7026" box="[261,381,1554,1581]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="14.[132,143,1871,1889]" captionTargetBox="[132,1453,218,1781]" captionTargetId="figure-17@14.[132,1455,218,1783]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIG. 4. — Perinereis latipalpa (Schmarda, 1861) n. comb. lectotype (NMHW 769a): A-F, parapodia, anterior view (numbers refer the chaetiger); A, B, with bent dorsal cirri; E, black arrowheads,points used for measuring entire length of distal lobe of dorsal ligule; white, same but for proximal lobe; F, with incomplete dorsal cirri; black arrowheads, central glandular patch; white, proximal patch; G, H, approach of notopodial homogomph spinigers (chaet. 39 and 60, respectively) (arrows point thick, separated teeth); I, Heterogomph spiniger (chaet. 60); inset: proximal teeth; J, neuropodial heterogomph falciger, supracicular (chaet. 60); K, same, subacicular (chaet. 60); black arrowheads,points used for measuring length of blade of the proximal end (a); white,same but for distal end (b); L, same, subacicular (chaet. 119), black arrowheads, points used for measuring length of the serrated region; white, same but for entire length of blade. Scale bars: A-F, 0.5 mm; G-L, 15 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4436926" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4436926/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="476">Fig. 4A, B</figureCitation>
), one-half in median (
<figureCitation id="13202A16F470BE45A631A33CFD3B7026" box="[636,763,1554,1581]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="14.[132,143,1871,1889]" captionTargetBox="[132,1453,218,1781]" captionTargetId="figure-17@14.[132,1455,218,1783]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIG. 4. — Perinereis latipalpa (Schmarda, 1861) n. comb. lectotype (NMHW 769a): A-F, parapodia, anterior view (numbers refer the chaetiger); A, B, with bent dorsal cirri; E, black arrowheads,points used for measuring entire length of distal lobe of dorsal ligule; white, same but for proximal lobe; F, with incomplete dorsal cirri; black arrowheads, central glandular patch; white, proximal patch; G, H, approach of notopodial homogomph spinigers (chaet. 39 and 60, respectively) (arrows point thick, separated teeth); I, Heterogomph spiniger (chaet. 60); inset: proximal teeth; J, neuropodial heterogomph falciger, supracicular (chaet. 60); K, same, subacicular (chaet. 60); black arrowheads,points used for measuring length of blade of the proximal end (a); white,same but for distal end (b); L, same, subacicular (chaet. 119), black arrowheads, points used for measuring length of the serrated region; white, same but for entire length of blade. Scale bars: A-F, 0.5 mm; G-L, 15 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4436926" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4436926/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="476">Fig. 4C, D</figureCitation>
), three-quarters in posterior ones (
<figureCitation id="13202A16F470BE45A5BCA31CFDA67046" box="[497,614,1586,1613]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="14.[132,143,1871,1889]" captionTargetBox="[132,1453,218,1781]" captionTargetId="figure-17@14.[132,1455,218,1783]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIG. 4. — Perinereis latipalpa (Schmarda, 1861) n. comb. lectotype (NMHW 769a): A-F, parapodia, anterior view (numbers refer the chaetiger); A, B, with bent dorsal cirri; E, black arrowheads,points used for measuring entire length of distal lobe of dorsal ligule; white, same but for proximal lobe; F, with incomplete dorsal cirri; black arrowheads, central glandular patch; white, proximal patch; G, H, approach of notopodial homogomph spinigers (chaet. 39 and 60, respectively) (arrows point thick, separated teeth); I, Heterogomph spiniger (chaet. 60); inset: proximal teeth; J, neuropodial heterogomph falciger, supracicular (chaet. 60); K, same, subacicular (chaet. 60); black arrowheads,points used for measuring length of blade of the proximal end (a); white,same but for distal end (b); L, same, subacicular (chaet. 119), black arrowheads, points used for measuring length of the serrated region; white, same but for entire length of blade. Scale bars: A-F, 0.5 mm; G-L, 15 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4436926" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4436926/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="476">Fig. 4E, F</figureCitation>
). Dorsal ligule somewhat uneven throughout body, becoming wider from parapodia 35 (28-37), barely expanded from about parapodia 85 (
<figureCitation id="13202A16F470BE45A4C7A3BCFF3570A6" box="[138,245,1682,1709]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="14.[132,143,1871,1889]" captionTargetBox="[132,1453,218,1781]" captionTargetId="figure-17@14.[132,1455,218,1783]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIG. 4. — Perinereis latipalpa (Schmarda, 1861) n. comb. lectotype (NMHW 769a): A-F, parapodia, anterior view (numbers refer the chaetiger); A, B, with bent dorsal cirri; E, black arrowheads,points used for measuring entire length of distal lobe of dorsal ligule; white, same but for proximal lobe; F, with incomplete dorsal cirri; black arrowheads, central glandular patch; white, proximal patch; G, H, approach of notopodial homogomph spinigers (chaet. 39 and 60, respectively) (arrows point thick, separated teeth); I, Heterogomph spiniger (chaet. 60); inset: proximal teeth; J, neuropodial heterogomph falciger, supracicular (chaet. 60); K, same, subacicular (chaet. 60); black arrowheads,points used for measuring length of blade of the proximal end (a); white,same but for distal end (b); L, same, subacicular (chaet. 119), black arrowheads, points used for measuring length of the serrated region; white, same but for entire length of blade. Scale bars: A-F, 0.5 mm; G-L, 15 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4436926" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4436926/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="476">Fig. 4E, F</figureCitation>
); ligule 2.5 (2.3-2.5) times width of median ligule in posterior parapodia (
<figureCitation id="13202A16F470BE45A535A39CFE2270C6" box="[376,482,1714,1741]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="14.[132,143,1871,1889]" captionTargetBox="[132,1453,218,1781]" captionTargetId="figure-17@14.[132,1455,218,1783]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIG. 4. — Perinereis latipalpa (Schmarda, 1861) n. comb. lectotype (NMHW 769a): A-F, parapodia, anterior view (numbers refer the chaetiger); A, B, with bent dorsal cirri; E, black arrowheads,points used for measuring entire length of distal lobe of dorsal ligule; white, same but for proximal lobe; F, with incomplete dorsal cirri; black arrowheads, central glandular patch; white, proximal patch; G, H, approach of notopodial homogomph spinigers (chaet. 39 and 60, respectively) (arrows point thick, separated teeth); I, Heterogomph spiniger (chaet. 60); inset: proximal teeth; J, neuropodial heterogomph falciger, supracicular (chaet. 60); K, same, subacicular (chaet. 60); black arrowheads,points used for measuring length of blade of the proximal end (a); white,same but for distal end (b); L, same, subacicular (chaet. 119), black arrowheads, points used for measuring length of the serrated region; white, same but for entire length of blade. Scale bars: A-F, 0.5 mm; G-L, 15 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4436926" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4436926/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="476">Fig. 4E, F</figureCitation>
). Distal lobe of dorsal ligule bluntly conical, longer than proximal one in anterior parapodia, two-thirds or three-fifths length of proximal in median, one-third or two-fifths length in posterior ones (
<figureCitation id="13202A16F470BE45A6C6A23CFD3A7127" box="[651,762,1810,1836]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="14.[132,143,1871,1889]" captionTargetBox="[132,1453,218,1781]" captionTargetId="figure-17@14.[132,1455,218,1783]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIG. 4. — Perinereis latipalpa (Schmarda, 1861) n. comb. lectotype (NMHW 769a): A-F, parapodia, anterior view (numbers refer the chaetiger); A, B, with bent dorsal cirri; E, black arrowheads,points used for measuring entire length of distal lobe of dorsal ligule; white, same but for proximal lobe; F, with incomplete dorsal cirri; black arrowheads, central glandular patch; white, proximal patch; G, H, approach of notopodial homogomph spinigers (chaet. 39 and 60, respectively) (arrows point thick, separated teeth); I, Heterogomph spiniger (chaet. 60); inset: proximal teeth; J, neuropodial heterogomph falciger, supracicular (chaet. 60); K, same, subacicular (chaet. 60); black arrowheads,points used for measuring length of blade of the proximal end (a); white,same but for distal end (b); L, same, subacicular (chaet. 119), black arrowheads, points used for measuring length of the serrated region; white, same but for entire length of blade. Scale bars: A-F, 0.5 mm; G-L, 15 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4436926" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4436926/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="476">Fig. 4E, F</figureCitation>
). Dorsal ligule subequal to median ligule in anterior parapodia, slightly shorter in median (
<figureCitation id="13202A16F470BE45A591A27FFD977167" box="[476,599,1873,1900]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="14.[132,143,1871,1889]" captionTargetBox="[132,1453,218,1781]" captionTargetId="figure-17@14.[132,1455,218,1783]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIG. 4. — Perinereis latipalpa (Schmarda, 1861) n. comb. lectotype (NMHW 769a): A-F, parapodia, anterior view (numbers refer the chaetiger); A, B, with bent dorsal cirri; E, black arrowheads,points used for measuring entire length of distal lobe of dorsal ligule; white, same but for proximal lobe; F, with incomplete dorsal cirri; black arrowheads, central glandular patch; white, proximal patch; G, H, approach of notopodial homogomph spinigers (chaet. 39 and 60, respectively) (arrows point thick, separated teeth); I, Heterogomph spiniger (chaet. 60); inset: proximal teeth; J, neuropodial heterogomph falciger, supracicular (chaet. 60); K, same, subacicular (chaet. 60); black arrowheads,points used for measuring length of blade of the proximal end (a); white,same but for distal end (b); L, same, subacicular (chaet. 119), black arrowheads, points used for measuring length of the serrated region; white, same but for entire length of blade. Scale bars: A-F, 0.5 mm; G-L, 15 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4436926" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4436926/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="476">Fig. 4C, D</figureCitation>
), slightly longer in posterior ones (
<figureCitation id="13202A16F470BE45A50FA25FFE6F7187" box="[322,431,1905,1932]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="14.[132,143,1871,1889]" captionTargetBox="[132,1453,218,1781]" captionTargetId="figure-17@14.[132,1455,218,1783]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIG. 4. — Perinereis latipalpa (Schmarda, 1861) n. comb. lectotype (NMHW 769a): A-F, parapodia, anterior view (numbers refer the chaetiger); A, B, with bent dorsal cirri; E, black arrowheads,points used for measuring entire length of distal lobe of dorsal ligule; white, same but for proximal lobe; F, with incomplete dorsal cirri; black arrowheads, central glandular patch; white, proximal patch; G, H, approach of notopodial homogomph spinigers (chaet. 39 and 60, respectively) (arrows point thick, separated teeth); I, Heterogomph spiniger (chaet. 60); inset: proximal teeth; J, neuropodial heterogomph falciger, supracicular (chaet. 60); K, same, subacicular (chaet. 60); black arrowheads,points used for measuring length of blade of the proximal end (a); white,same but for distal end (b); L, same, subacicular (chaet. 119), black arrowheads, points used for measuring length of the serrated region; white, same but for entire length of blade. Scale bars: A-F, 0.5 mm; G-L, 15 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4436926" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4436926/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="476">Fig. 4E, F</figureCitation>
). Two main glandular patches in dorsal ligule, central and proximal (
<figureCitation id="13202A16F470BE45A5A3A2BFFDFC71A0" box="[494,572,1937,1963]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="14.[132,143,1871,1889]" captionTargetBox="[132,1453,218,1781]" captionTargetId="figure-17@14.[132,1455,218,1783]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIG. 4. — Perinereis latipalpa (Schmarda, 1861) n. comb. lectotype (NMHW 769a): A-F, parapodia, anterior view (numbers refer the chaetiger); A, B, with bent dorsal cirri; E, black arrowheads,points used for measuring entire length of distal lobe of dorsal ligule; white, same but for proximal lobe; F, with incomplete dorsal cirri; black arrowheads, central glandular patch; white, proximal patch; G, H, approach of notopodial homogomph spinigers (chaet. 39 and 60, respectively) (arrows point thick, separated teeth); I, Heterogomph spiniger (chaet. 60); inset: proximal teeth; J, neuropodial heterogomph falciger, supracicular (chaet. 60); K, same, subacicular (chaet. 60); black arrowheads,points used for measuring length of blade of the proximal end (a); white,same but for distal end (b); L, same, subacicular (chaet. 119), black arrowheads, points used for measuring length of the serrated region; white, same but for entire length of blade. Scale bars: A-F, 0.5 mm; G-L, 15 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4436926" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4436926/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="476">Fig. 4F</figureCitation>
); oval, similar-sized in anterior parapodia (covering 25-30% of total ligule area;
<figureCitation id="13202A16F470BE45A4C9A2FFFF1871E0" box="[132,216,2001,2027]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="14.[132,143,1871,1889]" captionTargetBox="[132,1453,218,1781]" captionTargetId="figure-17@14.[132,1455,218,1783]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIG. 4. — Perinereis latipalpa (Schmarda, 1861) n. comb. lectotype (NMHW 769a): A-F, parapodia, anterior view (numbers refer the chaetiger); A, B, with bent dorsal cirri; E, black arrowheads,points used for measuring entire length of distal lobe of dorsal ligule; white, same but for proximal lobe; F, with incomplete dorsal cirri; black arrowheads, central glandular patch; white, proximal patch; G, H, approach of notopodial homogomph spinigers (chaet. 39 and 60, respectively) (arrows point thick, separated teeth); I, Heterogomph spiniger (chaet. 60); inset: proximal teeth; J, neuropodial heterogomph falciger, supracicular (chaet. 60); K, same, subacicular (chaet. 60); black arrowheads,points used for measuring length of blade of the proximal end (a); white,same but for distal end (b); L, same, subacicular (chaet. 119), black arrowheads, points used for measuring length of the serrated region; white, same but for entire length of blade. Scale bars: A-F, 0.5 mm; G-L, 15 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4436926" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4436926/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="476">Fig. 4B</figureCitation>
); proximal patch 1.5 times bigger than central one in median parapodia (covering 40-50% of total ligule area;
<figureCitation id="13202A16F470BE45A763A5D9FCBF771A" box="[814,895,247,273]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="14.[132,143,1871,1889]" captionTargetBox="[132,1453,218,1781]" captionTargetId="figure-17@14.[132,1455,218,1783]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIG. 4. — Perinereis latipalpa (Schmarda, 1861) n. comb. lectotype (NMHW 769a): A-F, parapodia, anterior view (numbers refer the chaetiger); A, B, with bent dorsal cirri; E, black arrowheads,points used for measuring entire length of distal lobe of dorsal ligule; white, same but for proximal lobe; F, with incomplete dorsal cirri; black arrowheads, central glandular patch; white, proximal patch; G, H, approach of notopodial homogomph spinigers (chaet. 39 and 60, respectively) (arrows point thick, separated teeth); I, Heterogomph spiniger (chaet. 60); inset: proximal teeth; J, neuropodial heterogomph falciger, supracicular (chaet. 60); K, same, subacicular (chaet. 60); black arrowheads,points used for measuring length of blade of the proximal end (a); white,same but for distal end (b); L, same, subacicular (chaet. 119), black arrowheads, points used for measuring length of the serrated region; white, same but for entire length of blade. Scale bars: A-F, 0.5 mm; G-L, 15 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4436926" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4436926/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="476">Fig. 4D</figureCitation>
) and twice bigger in posterior ones (covering 60-70% of total ligule area;
<figureCitation id="13202A16F470BE45A7B5A439FB89773A" box="[1016,1097,279,305]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="14.[132,143,1871,1889]" captionTargetBox="[132,1453,218,1781]" captionTargetId="figure-17@14.[132,1455,218,1783]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIG. 4. — Perinereis latipalpa (Schmarda, 1861) n. comb. lectotype (NMHW 769a): A-F, parapodia, anterior view (numbers refer the chaetiger); A, B, with bent dorsal cirri; E, black arrowheads,points used for measuring entire length of distal lobe of dorsal ligule; white, same but for proximal lobe; F, with incomplete dorsal cirri; black arrowheads, central glandular patch; white, proximal patch; G, H, approach of notopodial homogomph spinigers (chaet. 39 and 60, respectively) (arrows point thick, separated teeth); I, Heterogomph spiniger (chaet. 60); inset: proximal teeth; J, neuropodial heterogomph falciger, supracicular (chaet. 60); K, same, subacicular (chaet. 60); black arrowheads,points used for measuring length of blade of the proximal end (a); white,same but for distal end (b); L, same, subacicular (chaet. 119), black arrowheads, points used for measuring length of the serrated region; white, same but for entire length of blade. Scale bars: A-F, 0.5 mm; G-L, 15 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4436926" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4436926/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="476">Fig. 4F</figureCitation>
). Notoacicular process developed from parapodia 5 to 21 (14-22), digitiform, short.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA43693F470BE45A760A458FB977504" blockId="13.[811,1457,374,784]" pageId="13" pageNumber="476">
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F470BE45A760A458FC78779B" bold="true" box="[813,952,374,400]" pageId="13" pageNumber="476">Neuropodia.</emphasis>
Neuracicular ligule subequal to ventral ligule or slightly longer throughout body; 1.5 times wider than ventral ligule in anterior parapodia, twice wider from median ones. Superior lobe digitiform (
<figureCitation id="13202A16F470BE45A070A4F8FB5077FB" box="[1085,1168,470,496]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="14.[132,143,1871,1889]" captionTargetBox="[132,1453,218,1781]" captionTargetId="figure-17@14.[132,1455,218,1783]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIG. 4. — Perinereis latipalpa (Schmarda, 1861) n. comb. lectotype (NMHW 769a): A-F, parapodia, anterior view (numbers refer the chaetiger); A, B, with bent dorsal cirri; E, black arrowheads,points used for measuring entire length of distal lobe of dorsal ligule; white, same but for proximal lobe; F, with incomplete dorsal cirri; black arrowheads, central glandular patch; white, proximal patch; G, H, approach of notopodial homogomph spinigers (chaet. 39 and 60, respectively) (arrows point thick, separated teeth); I, Heterogomph spiniger (chaet. 60); inset: proximal teeth; J, neuropodial heterogomph falciger, supracicular (chaet. 60); K, same, subacicular (chaet. 60); black arrowheads,points used for measuring length of blade of the proximal end (a); white,same but for distal end (b); L, same, subacicular (chaet. 119), black arrowheads, points used for measuring length of the serrated region; white, same but for entire length of blade. Scale bars: A-F, 0.5 mm; G-L, 15 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4436926" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4436926/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="476">Fig. 4C</figureCitation>
), shorter than inferior lobe and projecting beyond end of neuracicular ligule in first 25 (22-24), reduced from parapodia 57 (54-58). Inferior lobe rounded (
<figureCitation id="13202A16F470BE45A7D5A718FBCA745A" box="[920,1034,566,593]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="14.[132,143,1871,1889]" captionTargetBox="[132,1453,218,1781]" captionTargetId="figure-17@14.[132,1455,218,1783]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIG. 4. — Perinereis latipalpa (Schmarda, 1861) n. comb. lectotype (NMHW 769a): A-F, parapodia, anterior view (numbers refer the chaetiger); A, B, with bent dorsal cirri; E, black arrowheads,points used for measuring entire length of distal lobe of dorsal ligule; white, same but for proximal lobe; F, with incomplete dorsal cirri; black arrowheads, central glandular patch; white, proximal patch; G, H, approach of notopodial homogomph spinigers (chaet. 39 and 60, respectively) (arrows point thick, separated teeth); I, Heterogomph spiniger (chaet. 60); inset: proximal teeth; J, neuropodial heterogomph falciger, supracicular (chaet. 60); K, same, subacicular (chaet. 60); black arrowheads,points used for measuring length of blade of the proximal end (a); white,same but for distal end (b); L, same, subacicular (chaet. 119), black arrowheads, points used for measuring length of the serrated region; white, same but for entire length of blade. Scale bars: A-F, 0.5 mm; G-L, 15 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4436926" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4436926/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="476">Fig. 4A, B</figureCitation>
), narrowing progressively from parapodia 28 (25-27). Ventral ligule digitiform, shorter than median ligule throughout body; two-thirds length of ligule in anterior parapodia, one-half length from median ones. Ventral cirri cirriform, smaller than ventral ligule throughout body, onehalf length of ligule, except in first 5 parapodia, three-quarters or nearly subequal to ligule.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA43693F470BE45A760A61BFA8E72C5" blockId="13.[809,1457,821,1231]" pageId="13" pageNumber="476">
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F470BE45A760A61BFC4A7544" bold="true" box="[813,906,821,847]" pageId="13" pageNumber="476">Chaetae.</emphasis>
Notochaetae with homogomph spinigers, blade with few first proximal teeth thick, notoriously separated (
<figureCitation id="13202A16F470BE45A118A67BFC857584" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="14.[132,143,1871,1889]" captionTargetBox="[132,1453,218,1781]" captionTargetId="figure-17@14.[132,1455,218,1783]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIG. 4. — Perinereis latipalpa (Schmarda, 1861) n. comb. lectotype (NMHW 769a): A-F, parapodia, anterior view (numbers refer the chaetiger); A, B, with bent dorsal cirri; E, black arrowheads,points used for measuring entire length of distal lobe of dorsal ligule; white, same but for proximal lobe; F, with incomplete dorsal cirri; black arrowheads, central glandular patch; white, proximal patch; G, H, approach of notopodial homogomph spinigers (chaet. 39 and 60, respectively) (arrows point thick, separated teeth); I, Heterogomph spiniger (chaet. 60); inset: proximal teeth; J, neuropodial heterogomph falciger, supracicular (chaet. 60); K, same, subacicular (chaet. 60); black arrowheads,points used for measuring length of blade of the proximal end (a); white,same but for distal end (b); L, same, subacicular (chaet. 119), black arrowheads, points used for measuring length of the serrated region; white, same but for entire length of blade. Scale bars: A-F, 0.5 mm; G-L, 15 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4436926" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4436926/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="476">Fig. 4G, H</figureCitation>
). Neurochaetal supracicular fascicle with homogomph spinigers and heterogomph falcigers, both present throughout; spinigers as notopodial ones, more numerous than falcigers in fascicle; falcigers with blade of medium length (
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F470BE45A17DA6FAFA9775E5" box="[1328,1367,980,1007]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="476">b/ a</emphasis>
=1.27- 1.57 times), serrated region 0.50-0.52 of total blade length (
<figureCitation id="13202A16F470BE45A778A13AFCBF7225" box="[821,895,1044,1070]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="14.[132,143,1871,1889]" captionTargetBox="[132,1453,218,1781]" captionTargetId="figure-17@14.[132,1455,218,1783]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIG. 4. — Perinereis latipalpa (Schmarda, 1861) n. comb. lectotype (NMHW 769a): A-F, parapodia, anterior view (numbers refer the chaetiger); A, B, with bent dorsal cirri; E, black arrowheads,points used for measuring entire length of distal lobe of dorsal ligule; white, same but for proximal lobe; F, with incomplete dorsal cirri; black arrowheads, central glandular patch; white, proximal patch; G, H, approach of notopodial homogomph spinigers (chaet. 39 and 60, respectively) (arrows point thick, separated teeth); I, Heterogomph spiniger (chaet. 60); inset: proximal teeth; J, neuropodial heterogomph falciger, supracicular (chaet. 60); K, same, subacicular (chaet. 60); black arrowheads,points used for measuring length of blade of the proximal end (a); white,same but for distal end (b); L, same, subacicular (chaet. 119), black arrowheads, points used for measuring length of the serrated region; white, same but for entire length of blade. Scale bars: A-F, 0.5 mm; G-L, 15 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4436926" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4436926/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="476">Fig. 4J</figureCitation>
). Neurochaetal subacicular fascicle with heterogomph spinigers and heterogomph falcigers, both present throughout; spinigers with proximal teeth barely thickened, evenly spaced (
<figureCitation id="13202A16F470BE45A77FA15AFCBA7285" box="[818,890,1140,1166]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="14.[132,143,1871,1889]" captionTargetBox="[132,1453,218,1781]" captionTargetId="figure-17@14.[132,1455,218,1783]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIG. 4. — Perinereis latipalpa (Schmarda, 1861) n. comb. lectotype (NMHW 769a): A-F, parapodia, anterior view (numbers refer the chaetiger); A, B, with bent dorsal cirri; E, black arrowheads,points used for measuring entire length of distal lobe of dorsal ligule; white, same but for proximal lobe; F, with incomplete dorsal cirri; black arrowheads, central glandular patch; white, proximal patch; G, H, approach of notopodial homogomph spinigers (chaet. 39 and 60, respectively) (arrows point thick, separated teeth); I, Heterogomph spiniger (chaet. 60); inset: proximal teeth; J, neuropodial heterogomph falciger, supracicular (chaet. 60); K, same, subacicular (chaet. 60); black arrowheads,points used for measuring length of blade of the proximal end (a); white,same but for distal end (b); L, same, subacicular (chaet. 119), black arrowheads, points used for measuring length of the serrated region; white, same but for entire length of blade. Scale bars: A-F, 0.5 mm; G-L, 15 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4436926" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4436926/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="476">Fig. 4I</figureCitation>
), less numerous than falcigers in fascicle; falcigers with blade of medium length (
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F470BE45A004A1BAFBB072A5" box="[1097,1136,1172,1198]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="476">b /a</emphasis>
= 1.61-1.79 times), serrated region 0.49-0.51 of total blade length (
<figureCitation id="13202A16F470BE45A082A19AFA8172C5" box="[1231,1345,1204,1230]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="14.[132,143,1871,1889]" captionTargetBox="[132,1453,218,1781]" captionTargetId="figure-17@14.[132,1455,218,1783]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIG. 4. — Perinereis latipalpa (Schmarda, 1861) n. comb. lectotype (NMHW 769a): A-F, parapodia, anterior view (numbers refer the chaetiger); A, B, with bent dorsal cirri; E, black arrowheads,points used for measuring entire length of distal lobe of dorsal ligule; white, same but for proximal lobe; F, with incomplete dorsal cirri; black arrowheads, central glandular patch; white, proximal patch; G, H, approach of notopodial homogomph spinigers (chaet. 39 and 60, respectively) (arrows point thick, separated teeth); I, Heterogomph spiniger (chaet. 60); inset: proximal teeth; J, neuropodial heterogomph falciger, supracicular (chaet. 60); K, same, subacicular (chaet. 60); black arrowheads,points used for measuring length of blade of the proximal end (a); white,same but for distal end (b); L, same, subacicular (chaet. 119), black arrowheads, points used for measuring length of the serrated region; white, same but for entire length of blade. Scale bars: A-F, 0.5 mm; G-L, 15 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4436926" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4436926/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="476">Fig. 4K, L</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA43693F470BE45A760A1DDFA807326" blockId="13.[813,1455,1267,1326]" pageId="13" pageNumber="476">
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F470BE45A760A1DDFC607306" bold="true" box="[813,928,1267,1293]" pageId="13" pageNumber="476">Pygidium.</emphasis>
With slender anal cirri (
<figureCitation id="13202A16F470BE45A0E9A1DDFB387305" box="[1188,1272,1267,1294]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="12.[132,143,1917,1935]" captionTargetBox="[134,1455,223,1779]" captionTargetId="figure-17@12.[132,1455,223,1779]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIG. 3. — Perinereis latipalpa (Schmarda, 1861) n. comb: A, recent (above) and older (below) labels of the jars containing paralectotype materials at the Natural History Museum, Vienna (NMHW 771); B, C, lectotype (NMHW 769a); D-I, Paralectotype (NMHW 771); B, anterior region, dorsal view; C, posterior region, dorsal view; D, pharynx, anterior view (arrow points distal portion of λ-shaped pattern); E, same, ventral view; F, same, dorsal view; inset: entire λ-shaped pattern (arrow points proximal overlap of areas V and VI); G, same, lateral view (arrow points narrow gap); H, left jaw, dorsal (left) and ventral (right) views; I, same, zoom-in, ventral view (arrow: canals). Scale bars: B, C, 3 mm; D-G, 2 mm; H, 1 mm; I, 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4436922" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4436922/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="476">Fig. 3C</figureCitation>
), as long as last 9 (7) parapodia, cirrophores well developed, broad.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA43693F470BE45A760A07DFA897365" blockId="13.[811,1455,1363,1549]" box="[813,1353,1363,1390]" pageId="13" pageNumber="476">
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F470BE45A760A07DFC617366" box="[813,929,1363,1389]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="476">
<typeStatus id="54A08831F470BE45A760A07DFC487366" box="[813,904,1363,1389]" pageId="13" pageNumber="476" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
of
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D10F470BE45A7E5A07DFB097366" authority="Kinberg" authorityName="Kinberg" authorityYear="1865" box="[936,1225,1363,1389]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Neanthes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="13" pageNumber="476" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="latipalpa">
Neanthes latipalpa
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F470BE45A03AA07DFB097366" box="[1143,1225,1363,1389]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="476">Kinberg</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F470BE45A09CA07AFA897365" box="[1233,1353,1364,1390]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="476">
(
<figureCitation id="13202A16F470BE45A094A07AFAD67365" box="[1241,1302,1364,1390]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="16.[132,143,1555,1573]" captionTargetBox="[133,1456,217,1512]" captionTargetId="figure-202@16.[133,1456,216,1521]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIG. 5. — Perinereis latipalpa (Schmarda, 1861) n. comb., holotype of Neanthes latipalpa Kinberg, 1865 n. syn. (SMNH 37900): A, anterior region, dorsal view; B, pharynx, dorsal view (arrow points proximal overlap of areas V and VI); C, oral ring of pharynx, lateral view; D, same, ventral view; E, posterior region, ventral view; F-I, parapodia, anterior view (numbers refer the chaetiger); J, approach of notopodial homogomph spinigers (chaet. 45) (arrows point thicker, separated teeth); K, neuropodial heterogomph falciger, subacicular (chaet. 45); L, permanent microscope slide, mounted 27th parapodia (SMNH 37900, housed at the NHMUK). Scale bars: A, 2 mm; B-E, 1 mm; F-H, 0.5 mm; I, 0.3 mm; J, K, 15 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4436930" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4436930/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="476">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
A-L)
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA43693F470BE45A760A05DFBF37006" blockId="13.[811,1455,1363,1549]" pageId="13" pageNumber="476">
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F470BE45A760A05DFCAC7386" bold="true" box="[813,876,1395,1421]" pageId="13" pageNumber="476">Body.</emphasis>
Atoke, SMNH 37900, complete, TL =
<quantity id="4CE39B76F470BE45A158A05DFAA77385" box="[1301,1383,1395,1422]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="476" unit="mm" value="50.0">50 mm</quantity>
, L15 =
<quantity id="4CE39B76F470BE45A760A0BDFC5273A5" box="[813,914,1427,1454]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.08" pageId="13" pageNumber="476" unit="mm" value="10.8">10.8 mm</quantity>
, W15 =
<quantity id="4CE39B76F470BE45A7AAA0BDFBFF73A5" box="[999,1087,1427,1454]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4" pageId="13" pageNumber="476" unit="mm" value="2.4">2.4 mm</quantity>
, with 89 chaetigers. Body pigmentation absent, probably faded. Blackish glandular patches in ligules, cirrophore of ventral cirri and ventral ends of segments, most intense posteriorly.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA43693F470BE45A760A31DFA6E7140" blockId="13.[811,1458,1586,1867]" pageId="13" pageNumber="476">
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F470BE45A760A31DFCB37046" bold="true" box="[813,883,1587,1613]" pageId="13" pageNumber="476">Head.</emphasis>
Prostomium sub-pentagonal, broad anterior end; barely longer than wide (
<figureCitation id="13202A16F470BE45A079A37CFB477066" box="[1076,1159,1618,1645]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="16.[132,143,1555,1573]" captionTargetBox="[133,1456,217,1512]" captionTargetId="figure-202@16.[133,1456,216,1521]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIG. 5. — Perinereis latipalpa (Schmarda, 1861) n. comb., holotype of Neanthes latipalpa Kinberg, 1865 n. syn. (SMNH 37900): A, anterior region, dorsal view; B, pharynx, dorsal view (arrow points proximal overlap of areas V and VI); C, oral ring of pharynx, lateral view; D, same, ventral view; E, posterior region, ventral view; F-I, parapodia, anterior view (numbers refer the chaetiger); J, approach of notopodial homogomph spinigers (chaet. 45) (arrows point thicker, separated teeth); K, neuropodial heterogomph falciger, subacicular (chaet. 45); L, permanent microscope slide, mounted 27th parapodia (SMNH 37900, housed at the NHMUK). Scale bars: A, 2 mm; B-E, 1 mm; F-H, 0.5 mm; I, 0.3 mm; J, K, 15 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4436930" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4436930/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="476">Fig. 5A</figureCitation>
). Palpophores oval, massive, as long as wide (
<figureCitation id="13202A16F470BE45A794A35CFB8C7087" box="[985,1100,1650,1677]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="16.[132,143,1555,1573]" captionTargetBox="[133,1456,217,1512]" captionTargetId="figure-202@16.[133,1456,216,1521]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIG. 5. — Perinereis latipalpa (Schmarda, 1861) n. comb., holotype of Neanthes latipalpa Kinberg, 1865 n. syn. (SMNH 37900): A, anterior region, dorsal view; B, pharynx, dorsal view (arrow points proximal overlap of areas V and VI); C, oral ring of pharynx, lateral view; D, same, ventral view; E, posterior region, ventral view; F-I, parapodia, anterior view (numbers refer the chaetiger); J, approach of notopodial homogomph spinigers (chaet. 45) (arrows point thicker, separated teeth); K, neuropodial heterogomph falciger, subacicular (chaet. 45); L, permanent microscope slide, mounted 27th parapodia (SMNH 37900, housed at the NHMUK). Scale bars: A, 2 mm; B-E, 1 mm; F-H, 0.5 mm; I, 0.3 mm; J, K, 15 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4436930" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4436930/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="476">Fig. 5A, C</figureCitation>
), nearly equaling entire length of prostomium. Antennae separated (
<figureCitation id="13202A16F470BE45A0D2A3BCFB3270A6" box="[1183,1266,1682,1709]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="16.[132,143,1555,1573]" captionTargetBox="[133,1456,217,1512]" captionTargetId="figure-202@16.[133,1456,216,1521]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIG. 5. — Perinereis latipalpa (Schmarda, 1861) n. comb., holotype of Neanthes latipalpa Kinberg, 1865 n. syn. (SMNH 37900): A, anterior region, dorsal view; B, pharynx, dorsal view (arrow points proximal overlap of areas V and VI); C, oral ring of pharynx, lateral view; D, same, ventral view; E, posterior region, ventral view; F-I, parapodia, anterior view (numbers refer the chaetiger); J, approach of notopodial homogomph spinigers (chaet. 45) (arrows point thicker, separated teeth); K, neuropodial heterogomph falciger, subacicular (chaet. 45); L, permanent microscope slide, mounted 27th parapodia (SMNH 37900, housed at the NHMUK). Scale bars: A, 2 mm; B-E, 1 mm; F-H, 0.5 mm; I, 0.3 mm; J, K, 15 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4436930" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4436930/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="476">Fig. 5A</figureCitation>
), conical, slender, extending backward to one-quarter of prostomium. Eyes in sub-trapezoidal arrangement, blackish (
<figureCitation id="13202A16F470BE45A09EA3FCFA8570E7" box="[1235,1349,1746,1773]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="16.[132,143,1555,1573]" captionTargetBox="[133,1456,217,1512]" captionTargetId="figure-202@16.[133,1456,216,1521]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIG. 5. — Perinereis latipalpa (Schmarda, 1861) n. comb., holotype of Neanthes latipalpa Kinberg, 1865 n. syn. (SMNH 37900): A, anterior region, dorsal view; B, pharynx, dorsal view (arrow points proximal overlap of areas V and VI); C, oral ring of pharynx, lateral view; D, same, ventral view; E, posterior region, ventral view; F-I, parapodia, anterior view (numbers refer the chaetiger); J, approach of notopodial homogomph spinigers (chaet. 45) (arrows point thicker, separated teeth); K, neuropodial heterogomph falciger, subacicular (chaet. 45); L, permanent microscope slide, mounted 27th parapodia (SMNH 37900, housed at the NHMUK). Scale bars: A, 2 mm; B-E, 1 mm; F-H, 0.5 mm; I, 0.3 mm; J, K, 15 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4436930" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4436930/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="476">Fig. 5A, C</figureCitation>
); anterior pair barely reniform due to lens, subequeal to antennal diameter, lens anterolateral, covering 30%; posterior pair rounded, slightly shorter than anterior, lens posterolateral, covering 60%.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA43693F470BE47A760A25FFD2F7739" blockId="13.[811,1456,1905,2028]" lastBlockId="15.[130,775,215,306]" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="478" pageId="13" pageNumber="476">
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F470BE45A760A25FFB3A7180" bold="true" box="[813,1274,1905,1931]" pageId="13" pageNumber="476">Apodous anterior segment &amp; tentacular cirri.</emphasis>
Apodous anterior segment 3 times wider than long, 1.3 times longer than chaetiger 1. Antero-dorsal tentacular cirri reaching chaetiger 1, anteroventral one smaller than palpophore. Postero-dorsal reaching chaetiger 2 but incomplete, postero-ventral one extending over prostomium to reach one-third of it. Postero-dorsal cirrophores longest, 2 times length of postero-ventral ring-shaped ones.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF64661BF473BE46A4C9A261FEF371E2" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4436926" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4436926" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4436926/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="477" startId="14.[132,143,1871,1889]" targetBox="[132,1453,218,1781]" targetPageId="14">
<paragraph id="8BA43693F473BE46A4C9A261FEF371E2" blockId="14.[132,1457,1871,2025]" pageId="14" pageNumber="477">
FIG. 4. —
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D10F473BE46A49BA261FDCE716A" authority="(Schmarda, 1861)" authorityName="Villalobos-Guerrero" authorityYear="2019" baseAuthorityName="Schmarda" baseAuthorityYear="1861" box="[214,526,1871,1889]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Perinereis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="14" pageNumber="477" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="latipalpa" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F473BE46A49BA261FEB4716A" box="[214,372,1871,1889]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="477">Perinereis latipalpa</emphasis>
(Schmarda, 1861)
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25C57FAF473BE46A65EA261FDA0716A" box="[531,608,1871,1889]" pageId="14" pageNumber="477" rank="species">n. comb.</taxonomicNameLabel>
lectotype (NMHW 769a):
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F473BE46A775A261FC97716A" bold="true" box="[824,855,1871,1889]" pageId="14" pageNumber="477">A -F</emphasis>
, parapodia, anterior view (numbers refer the chaetiger);
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F473BE46A17CA261FAFE716A" bold="true" box="[1329,1342,1871,1889]" pageId="14" pageNumber="477">A</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F473BE46A104A261FA96716A" bold="true" box="[1353,1366,1871,1889]" pageId="14" pageNumber="477">B</emphasis>
, with bent dorsal cirri;
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F473BE46A4A8A248FF317173" bold="true" box="[229,241,1894,1912]" pageId="14" pageNumber="477">E</emphasis>
, black arrowheads,points used for measuring entire length of distal lobe of dorsal ligule; white, same but for proximal lobe;
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F473BE46A0BDA248FB3B7173" bold="true" box="[1264,1275,1894,1912]" pageId="14" pageNumber="477">F</emphasis>
, with incomplete dorsal cirri; black arrowheads, central glandular patch; white, proximal patch;
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F473BE46A6BCA252FD3F7185" bold="true" box="[753,767,1916,1934]" pageId="14" pageNumber="477">G</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F473BE46A747A252FCD87185" bold="true" box="[778,792,1916,1934]" pageId="14" pageNumber="477">H</emphasis>
, approach of notopodial homogomph spinigers (chaet. 39 and 60, respectively) (arrows point thick, separated teeth);
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F473BE46A5F2A2BDFE0571AE" bold="true" box="[447,453,1939,1957]" pageId="14" pageNumber="477">I</emphasis>
, Heterogomph spiniger (chaet. 60); inset: proximal teeth;
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F473BE46A7E6A2BDFC7571AE" bold="true" box="[939,949,1939,1957]" pageId="14" pageNumber="477">J</emphasis>
, neuropodial heterogomph falciger, supracicular (chaet. 60);
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F473BE46A4C9A284FF5171B7" bold="true" box="[132,145,1962,1980]" pageId="14" pageNumber="477">K</emphasis>
, same, subacicular (chaet. 60); black arrowheads,points used for measuring length of blade of the proximal end (
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F473BE46A074A284FB8371B7" box="[1081,1091,1962,1980]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="477">a</emphasis>
); white,same but for distal end (
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F473BE46A103A284FA9971B7" box="[1358,1369,1962,1980]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="477">b</emphasis>
);
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F473BE46A125A284FAB371B7" bold="true" box="[1384,1395,1962,1980]" pageId="14" pageNumber="477">L</emphasis>
, same, subacicular (chaet. 119), black arrowheads, points used for measuring length of the serrated region; white, same but for entire length of blade. Scale bars: A-F, 0.5 mm; G-L, 15 µm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BA43693F472BE47A4C9A479FCC574FB" blockId="15.[130,777,343,752]" pageId="15" pageNumber="478">
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F472BE47A4C9A479FF2B777A" bold="true" box="[132,235,343,369]" pageId="15" pageNumber="478">Pharynx.</emphasis>
Everted, damaged (
<figureCitation id="13202A16F472BE47A580A479FDCF7779" box="[461,527,343,370]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="16.[132,143,1555,1573]" captionTargetBox="[133,1456,217,1512]" captionTargetId="figure-202@16.[133,1456,216,1521]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIG. 5. — Perinereis latipalpa (Schmarda, 1861) n. comb., holotype of Neanthes latipalpa Kinberg, 1865 n. syn. (SMNH 37900): A, anterior region, dorsal view; B, pharynx, dorsal view (arrow points proximal overlap of areas V and VI); C, oral ring of pharynx, lateral view; D, same, ventral view; E, posterior region, ventral view; F-I, parapodia, anterior view (numbers refer the chaetiger); J, approach of notopodial homogomph spinigers (chaet. 45) (arrows point thicker, separated teeth); K, neuropodial heterogomph falciger, subacicular (chaet. 45); L, permanent microscope slide, mounted 27th parapodia (SMNH 37900, housed at the NHMUK). Scale bars: A, 2 mm; B-E, 1 mm; F-H, 0.5 mm; I, 0.3 mm; J, K, 15 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4436930" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4436930/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="478">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
A-C), paragnath areas still recognizable, jaws not present. Maxillary ring (
<figureCitation id="13202A16F472BE47A6E4A459FD3C779A" box="[681,764,374,401]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="16.[132,143,1555,1573]" captionTargetBox="[133,1456,217,1512]" captionTargetId="figure-202@16.[133,1456,216,1521]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIG. 5. — Perinereis latipalpa (Schmarda, 1861) n. comb., holotype of Neanthes latipalpa Kinberg, 1865 n. syn. (SMNH 37900): A, anterior region, dorsal view; B, pharynx, dorsal view (arrow points proximal overlap of areas V and VI); C, oral ring of pharynx, lateral view; D, same, ventral view; E, posterior region, ventral view; F-I, parapodia, anterior view (numbers refer the chaetiger); J, approach of notopodial homogomph spinigers (chaet. 45) (arrows point thicker, separated teeth); K, neuropodial heterogomph falciger, subacicular (chaet. 45); L, permanent microscope slide, mounted 27th parapodia (SMNH 37900, housed at the NHMUK). Scale bars: A, 2 mm; B-E, 1 mm; F-H, 0.5 mm; I, 0.3 mm; J, K, 15 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4436930" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4436930/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="478">Fig. 5B</figureCitation>
): paragnaths conical, small, brownish amber. AI=2, in longitudinal line. AIIa=4, AIIb=4, oblique row. AIII =8, rectangular patch, two slightly regular rows. AIVa =14, AIVb=16, spoonshaped patch, merged paragnaths absent. Oral ring (
<figureCitation id="13202A16F472BE47A6E2A4D8FD2B741A" box="[687,747,502,529]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="16.[132,143,1555,1573]" captionTargetBox="[133,1456,217,1512]" captionTargetId="figure-202@16.[133,1456,216,1521]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIG. 5. — Perinereis latipalpa (Schmarda, 1861) n. comb., holotype of Neanthes latipalpa Kinberg, 1865 n. syn. (SMNH 37900): A, anterior region, dorsal view; B, pharynx, dorsal view (arrow points proximal overlap of areas V and VI); C, oral ring of pharynx, lateral view; D, same, ventral view; E, posterior region, ventral view; F-I, parapodia, anterior view (numbers refer the chaetiger); J, approach of notopodial homogomph spinigers (chaet. 45) (arrows point thicker, separated teeth); K, neuropodial heterogomph falciger, subacicular (chaet. 45); L, permanent microscope slide, mounted 27th parapodia (SMNH 37900, housed at the NHMUK). Scale bars: A, 2 mm; B-E, 1 mm; F-H, 0.5 mm; I, 0.3 mm; J, K, 15 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4436930" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4436930/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="478">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
B- D): AVI-V-VI pattern, λ- shaped; AVI overlapping proximally AV further behind arc of paragnaths (
<figureCitation id="13202A16F472BE47A668A718FDBA745A" box="[549,634,566,593]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="16.[132,143,1555,1573]" captionTargetBox="[133,1456,217,1512]" captionTargetId="figure-202@16.[133,1456,216,1521]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIG. 5. — Perinereis latipalpa (Schmarda, 1861) n. comb., holotype of Neanthes latipalpa Kinberg, 1865 n. syn. (SMNH 37900): A, anterior region, dorsal view; B, pharynx, dorsal view (arrow points proximal overlap of areas V and VI); C, oral ring of pharynx, lateral view; D, same, ventral view; E, posterior region, ventral view; F-I, parapodia, anterior view (numbers refer the chaetiger); J, approach of notopodial homogomph spinigers (chaet. 45) (arrows point thicker, separated teeth); K, neuropodial heterogomph falciger, subacicular (chaet. 45); L, permanent microscope slide, mounted 27th parapodia (SMNH 37900, housed at the NHMUK). Scale bars: A, 2 mm; B-E, 1 mm; F-H, 0.5 mm; I, 0.3 mm; J, K, 15 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4436930" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4436930/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="478">Fig. 5B</figureCitation>
). Paragnaths conical, except shield-shaped bars on AVI, brownish amber. AV =1, aligned to paragnaths of AVI. AVIa = 11, AVIb = 11, arc of paragnaths long, oblique, bars short, similar in length, tip barely worn. AVII-VIII =56, single band of two main rows, irregular. Gap between AVI and AVII-VIII narrow (
<figureCitation id="13202A16F472BE47A6E9A7FBFD3874FB" box="[676,760,725,752]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="16.[132,143,1555,1573]" captionTargetBox="[133,1456,217,1512]" captionTargetId="figure-202@16.[133,1456,216,1521]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIG. 5. — Perinereis latipalpa (Schmarda, 1861) n. comb., holotype of Neanthes latipalpa Kinberg, 1865 n. syn. (SMNH 37900): A, anterior region, dorsal view; B, pharynx, dorsal view (arrow points proximal overlap of areas V and VI); C, oral ring of pharynx, lateral view; D, same, ventral view; E, posterior region, ventral view; F-I, parapodia, anterior view (numbers refer the chaetiger); J, approach of notopodial homogomph spinigers (chaet. 45) (arrows point thicker, separated teeth); K, neuropodial heterogomph falciger, subacicular (chaet. 45); L, permanent microscope slide, mounted 27th parapodia (SMNH 37900, housed at the NHMUK). Scale bars: A, 2 mm; B-E, 1 mm; F-H, 0.5 mm; I, 0.3 mm; J, K, 15 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4436930" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4436930/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="478">Fig. 5C</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA43693F472BE47A4C9A63BFDCD7285" blockId="15.[130,777,789,1167]" pageId="15" pageNumber="478">
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F472BE47A4C9A63BFEC37524" bold="true" box="[132,259,789,815]" pageId="15" pageNumber="478">Notopodia.</emphasis>
Dorsal cirri slightly longer than dorsal ligule in first parapodia, subequal to ligule or slightly longer in anterior and median parapodia (
<figureCitation id="13202A16F472BE47A5E7A67BFE26757B" box="[426,486,853,880]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="16.[132,143,1555,1573]" captionTargetBox="[133,1456,217,1512]" captionTargetId="figure-202@16.[133,1456,216,1521]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIG. 5. — Perinereis latipalpa (Schmarda, 1861) n. comb., holotype of Neanthes latipalpa Kinberg, 1865 n. syn. (SMNH 37900): A, anterior region, dorsal view; B, pharynx, dorsal view (arrow points proximal overlap of areas V and VI); C, oral ring of pharynx, lateral view; D, same, ventral view; E, posterior region, ventral view; F-I, parapodia, anterior view (numbers refer the chaetiger); J, approach of notopodial homogomph spinigers (chaet. 45) (arrows point thicker, separated teeth); K, neuropodial heterogomph falciger, subacicular (chaet. 45); L, permanent microscope slide, mounted 27th parapodia (SMNH 37900, housed at the NHMUK). Scale bars: A, 2 mm; B-E, 1 mm; F-H, 0.5 mm; I, 0.3 mm; J, K, 15 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4436930" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4436930/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="478">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
F-H), 1.5-2 times longer in posterior ones (
<figureCitation id="13202A16F472BE47A569A65BFEAC759B" box="[292,364,885,912]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="16.[132,143,1555,1573]" captionTargetBox="[133,1456,217,1512]" captionTargetId="figure-202@16.[133,1456,216,1521]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIG. 5. — Perinereis latipalpa (Schmarda, 1861) n. comb., holotype of Neanthes latipalpa Kinberg, 1865 n. syn. (SMNH 37900): A, anterior region, dorsal view; B, pharynx, dorsal view (arrow points proximal overlap of areas V and VI); C, oral ring of pharynx, lateral view; D, same, ventral view; E, posterior region, ventral view; F-I, parapodia, anterior view (numbers refer the chaetiger); J, approach of notopodial homogomph spinigers (chaet. 45) (arrows point thicker, separated teeth); K, neuropodial heterogomph falciger, subacicular (chaet. 45); L, permanent microscope slide, mounted 27th parapodia (SMNH 37900, housed at the NHMUK). Scale bars: A, 2 mm; B-E, 1 mm; F-H, 0.5 mm; I, 0.3 mm; J, K, 15 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4436930" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4436930/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="478">Fig. 5I</figureCitation>
); cirri inserted on one-third in anterior parapodia, one-half in median, three-quarters in posterior ones. Dorsal ligule becoming wider from parapodia 27, barely expanded from about parapodia 65 (
<figureCitation id="13202A16F472BE47A652A6FAFDAC75E4" box="[543,620,980,1007]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="16.[132,143,1555,1573]" captionTargetBox="[133,1456,217,1512]" captionTargetId="figure-202@16.[133,1456,216,1521]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIG. 5. — Perinereis latipalpa (Schmarda, 1861) n. comb., holotype of Neanthes latipalpa Kinberg, 1865 n. syn. (SMNH 37900): A, anterior region, dorsal view; B, pharynx, dorsal view (arrow points proximal overlap of areas V and VI); C, oral ring of pharynx, lateral view; D, same, ventral view; E, posterior region, ventral view; F-I, parapodia, anterior view (numbers refer the chaetiger); J, approach of notopodial homogomph spinigers (chaet. 45) (arrows point thicker, separated teeth); K, neuropodial heterogomph falciger, subacicular (chaet. 45); L, permanent microscope slide, mounted 27th parapodia (SMNH 37900, housed at the NHMUK). Scale bars: A, 2 mm; B-E, 1 mm; F-H, 0.5 mm; I, 0.3 mm; J, K, 15 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4436930" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4436930/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="478">Fig. 5I</figureCitation>
); subequal to median ligule in anterior and median parapodia (
<figureCitation id="13202A16F472BE47A6E2A6DAFD2F7204" box="[687,751,1012,1039]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="16.[132,143,1555,1573]" captionTargetBox="[133,1456,217,1512]" captionTargetId="figure-202@16.[133,1456,216,1521]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIG. 5. — Perinereis latipalpa (Schmarda, 1861) n. comb., holotype of Neanthes latipalpa Kinberg, 1865 n. syn. (SMNH 37900): A, anterior region, dorsal view; B, pharynx, dorsal view (arrow points proximal overlap of areas V and VI); C, oral ring of pharynx, lateral view; D, same, ventral view; E, posterior region, ventral view; F-I, parapodia, anterior view (numbers refer the chaetiger); J, approach of notopodial homogomph spinigers (chaet. 45) (arrows point thicker, separated teeth); K, neuropodial heterogomph falciger, subacicular (chaet. 45); L, permanent microscope slide, mounted 27th parapodia (SMNH 37900, housed at the NHMUK). Scale bars: A, 2 mm; B-E, 1 mm; F-H, 0.5 mm; I, 0.3 mm; J, K, 15 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4436930" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4436930/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="478">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
F- H), longer in posterior ones (
<figureCitation id="13202A16F472BE47A585A13AFDD57224" box="[456,533,1044,1071]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="16.[132,143,1555,1573]" captionTargetBox="[133,1456,217,1512]" captionTargetId="figure-202@16.[133,1456,216,1521]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIG. 5. — Perinereis latipalpa (Schmarda, 1861) n. comb., holotype of Neanthes latipalpa Kinberg, 1865 n. syn. (SMNH 37900): A, anterior region, dorsal view; B, pharynx, dorsal view (arrow points proximal overlap of areas V and VI); C, oral ring of pharynx, lateral view; D, same, ventral view; E, posterior region, ventral view; F-I, parapodia, anterior view (numbers refer the chaetiger); J, approach of notopodial homogomph spinigers (chaet. 45) (arrows point thicker, separated teeth); K, neuropodial heterogomph falciger, subacicular (chaet. 45); L, permanent microscope slide, mounted 27th parapodia (SMNH 37900, housed at the NHMUK). Scale bars: A, 2 mm; B-E, 1 mm; F-H, 0.5 mm; I, 0.3 mm; J, K, 15 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4436930" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4436930/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="478">Fig. 5I</figureCitation>
). Two main glandular patches in dorsal ligule, central and proximal, most intense in posterior parapodia. Notoacicular process developed from parapodia 5 to 14, digitiform, short.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA43693F472BE47A4C9A19DFCC17326" blockId="15.[130,775,1203,1326]" pageId="15" pageNumber="478">
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F472BE47A4C9A19DFECF72C6" bold="true" box="[132,271,1203,1229]" pageId="15" pageNumber="478">Neuropodia.</emphasis>
Neuracicular ligule subequal to ventral ligule or slightly longer.Superior lobe digitiform (
<figureCitation id="13202A16F472BE47A66FA1FAFD4A72E5" box="[546,650,1235,1262]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="16.[132,143,1555,1573]" captionTargetBox="[133,1456,217,1512]" captionTargetId="figure-202@16.[133,1456,216,1521]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIG. 5. — Perinereis latipalpa (Schmarda, 1861) n. comb., holotype of Neanthes latipalpa Kinberg, 1865 n. syn. (SMNH 37900): A, anterior region, dorsal view; B, pharynx, dorsal view (arrow points proximal overlap of areas V and VI); C, oral ring of pharynx, lateral view; D, same, ventral view; E, posterior region, ventral view; F-I, parapodia, anterior view (numbers refer the chaetiger); J, approach of notopodial homogomph spinigers (chaet. 45) (arrows point thicker, separated teeth); K, neuropodial heterogomph falciger, subacicular (chaet. 45); L, permanent microscope slide, mounted 27th parapodia (SMNH 37900, housed at the NHMUK). Scale bars: A, 2 mm; B-E, 1 mm; F-H, 0.5 mm; I, 0.3 mm; J, K, 15 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4436930" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4436930/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="478">Fig. 5F, G</figureCitation>
), projecting beyond end of neuracicular ligule in first 22 parapodia, reduced from parapodia 56. Ventral cirri smaller than ventral ligule.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA43693F472BE47A4C9A07DFEFB7006" blockId="15.[130,777,1363,1549]" pageId="15" pageNumber="478">
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F472BE47A4C9A07DFF257366" bold="true" box="[132,229,1363,1389]" pageId="15" pageNumber="478">Chaetae.</emphasis>
Homogomph spinigers with blade bearing few first proximal teeth thickened and notoriously separated (
<figureCitation id="13202A16F472BE47A6E2A05DFD397385" box="[687,761,1395,1422]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="16.[132,143,1555,1573]" captionTargetBox="[133,1456,217,1512]" captionTargetId="figure-202@16.[133,1456,216,1521]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIG. 5. — Perinereis latipalpa (Schmarda, 1861) n. comb., holotype of Neanthes latipalpa Kinberg, 1865 n. syn. (SMNH 37900): A, anterior region, dorsal view; B, pharynx, dorsal view (arrow points proximal overlap of areas V and VI); C, oral ring of pharynx, lateral view; D, same, ventral view; E, posterior region, ventral view; F-I, parapodia, anterior view (numbers refer the chaetiger); J, approach of notopodial homogomph spinigers (chaet. 45) (arrows point thicker, separated teeth); K, neuropodial heterogomph falciger, subacicular (chaet. 45); L, permanent microscope slide, mounted 27th parapodia (SMNH 37900, housed at the NHMUK). Scale bars: A, 2 mm; B-E, 1 mm; F-H, 0.5 mm; I, 0.3 mm; J, K, 15 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4436930" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4436930/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="478">Fig. 5J</figureCitation>
). Heterogomph spinigers present in all chaetigers, blade with proximal teeth barely thickened, evenly spaced. Falcigers in both fascicles with serrated region 0.49-0.51 total blade length (
<figureCitation id="13202A16F472BE47A494A0DDFEEF7006" box="[217,303,1522,1549]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="16.[132,143,1555,1573]" captionTargetBox="[133,1456,217,1512]" captionTargetId="figure-202@16.[133,1456,216,1521]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIG. 5. — Perinereis latipalpa (Schmarda, 1861) n. comb., holotype of Neanthes latipalpa Kinberg, 1865 n. syn. (SMNH 37900): A, anterior region, dorsal view; B, pharynx, dorsal view (arrow points proximal overlap of areas V and VI); C, oral ring of pharynx, lateral view; D, same, ventral view; E, posterior region, ventral view; F-I, parapodia, anterior view (numbers refer the chaetiger); J, approach of notopodial homogomph spinigers (chaet. 45) (arrows point thicker, separated teeth); K, neuropodial heterogomph falciger, subacicular (chaet. 45); L, permanent microscope slide, mounted 27th parapodia (SMNH 37900, housed at the NHMUK). Scale bars: A, 2 mm; B-E, 1 mm; F-H, 0.5 mm; I, 0.3 mm; J, K, 15 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4436930" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4436930/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="478">Fig. 5K</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA43693F472BE47A4C9A31CFEEB7087" blockId="15.[132,775,1586,1676]" pageId="15" pageNumber="478">
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F472BE47A4C9A31CFF387047" bold="true" box="[132,248,1586,1612]" pageId="15" pageNumber="478">Pygidium.</emphasis>
With slightly thickened anal cirri (
<figureCitation id="13202A16F472BE47A636A31CFD0F7046" box="[635,719,1586,1613]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="16.[132,143,1555,1573]" captionTargetBox="[133,1456,217,1512]" captionTargetId="figure-202@16.[133,1456,216,1521]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIG. 5. — Perinereis latipalpa (Schmarda, 1861) n. comb., holotype of Neanthes latipalpa Kinberg, 1865 n. syn. (SMNH 37900): A, anterior region, dorsal view; B, pharynx, dorsal view (arrow points proximal overlap of areas V and VI); C, oral ring of pharynx, lateral view; D, same, ventral view; E, posterior region, ventral view; F-I, parapodia, anterior view (numbers refer the chaetiger); J, approach of notopodial homogomph spinigers (chaet. 45) (arrows point thicker, separated teeth); K, neuropodial heterogomph falciger, subacicular (chaet. 45); L, permanent microscope slide, mounted 27th parapodia (SMNH 37900, housed at the NHMUK). Scale bars: A, 2 mm; B-E, 1 mm; F-H, 0.5 mm; I, 0.3 mm; J, K, 15 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4436930" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4436930/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="478">Fig. 5E</figureCitation>
), apparently incomplete, as long as last 4 parapodia; cirrophores well developed.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA43693F472BE47A4C9A39CFD4770C7" blockId="15.[130,775,1714,1900]" box="[132,647,1714,1740]" pageId="15" pageNumber="478">
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F472BE47A4C9A39CFF2C70C7" box="[132,236,1714,1740]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="478">
<typeStatus id="54A08831F472BE47A4C9A39CFF1270C7" box="[132,210,1714,1740]" pageId="15" pageNumber="478" type="syntype">Syntype</typeStatus>
of
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D10F472BE47A4BEA39CFDC370C7" authorityName="Willey" authorityYear="1904" box="[243,515,1714,1740]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Neanthes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="15" pageNumber="490" phylum="Annelida" rank="subSpecies" species="latipalpa" subSpecies="typica">Neanthes latipalpa typica</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F472BE47A647A39CFD4770C7" box="[522,647,1714,1740]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="478">
(
<figureCitation id="13202A16F472BE47A65FA39CFD9070C7" box="[530,592,1714,1740]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="17.[132,143,1555,1573]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,216,1512]" captionTargetId="figure-138@17.[132,1455,216,1521]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIG. 6. — Perinereis latipalpa (Schmarda, 1861) n. comb., syntypes of Neanthes latipalpa typica Willey, 1904 n. syn. (NHMUK 1911.2.1.23-26); A, anterior region, dorsal view; B, same, ventral view; C, right jaw, ventral view (arrows point canals); D, maxillary ring of pharynx, ventral view; E, oral ring of pharynx, ventral view (arrow points distal portion of λ-shaped pattern); F, posterior region, dorsal view; G-J, parapodia, anterior view (numbers refer the chaetiger); K, approach of notopodial homogomph spiniger (chaet. 41) (arrow points thicker,separated teeth); L, neuropodial heterogomph falciger, supracicular (chaet. 41); M, same, subacicular (chaet. 41); N, permanent microscope slide with mounted 8th, 33rd and 73rd parapodia (NHMUK 1911.2.1.23-26a); O, same, 28th parapodia (NHMUK 1911.2.1.23-26b). Scale bars: A, B, F, 1 mm; C, 0.2 mm; D, E, G-J, 0.5 mm; K-M, 15 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4439502" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4439502/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="478">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
A-O)
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA43693F472BE47A4C9A3FCFDA47167" blockId="15.[130,775,1714,1900]" pageId="15" pageNumber="478">
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F472BE47A4C9A3FCFF7F70E7" bold="true" box="[132,191,1746,1772]" pageId="15" pageNumber="478">Body.</emphasis>
Atoke, NHMUK 1911.2.1.23-26,complete,TL=
<quantity id="4CE39B76F472BE47A6FAA3FCFCC370E7" box="[695,771,1746,1772]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.8" pageId="15" pageNumber="478" unit="mm" value="48.0">48 mm</quantity>
, L15 =
<quantity id="4CE39B76F472BE47A48FA3DCFED97107" box="[194,281,1778,1804]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.3" pageId="15" pageNumber="478" unit="mm" value="8.3">8.3 mm</quantity>
, W15 =
<quantity id="4CE39B76F472BE47A523A3DCFE057107" box="[366,453,1778,1804]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="15" pageNumber="478" unit="mm" value="1.7">1.7 mm</quantity>
, with 93 chaetigers. Body pigmentation on dorsal surface, faint, pale brown, most intense anteriorly. Brownish glandular patches in ligules, cirrophore of ventral cirri and ventral ends of segments.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA43693F472BE47A4C9A2BFFB3B779A" blockId="15.[130,775,1937,2028]" lastBlockId="15.[810,1455,215,401]" pageId="15" pageNumber="478">
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F472BE47A4C9A2BFFF0671A0" bold="true" box="[132,198,1937,1963]" pageId="15" pageNumber="478">Head.</emphasis>
Prostomium sub-pentagonal, broad anterior end; barely longer than wide (
<figureCitation id="13202A16F472BE47A575A29FFE4771C7" box="[312,391,1969,1996]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="17.[132,143,1555,1573]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,216,1512]" captionTargetId="figure-138@17.[132,1455,216,1521]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIG. 6. — Perinereis latipalpa (Schmarda, 1861) n. comb., syntypes of Neanthes latipalpa typica Willey, 1904 n. syn. (NHMUK 1911.2.1.23-26); A, anterior region, dorsal view; B, same, ventral view; C, right jaw, ventral view (arrows point canals); D, maxillary ring of pharynx, ventral view; E, oral ring of pharynx, ventral view (arrow points distal portion of λ-shaped pattern); F, posterior region, dorsal view; G-J, parapodia, anterior view (numbers refer the chaetiger); K, approach of notopodial homogomph spiniger (chaet. 41) (arrow points thicker,separated teeth); L, neuropodial heterogomph falciger, supracicular (chaet. 41); M, same, subacicular (chaet. 41); N, permanent microscope slide with mounted 8th, 33rd and 73rd parapodia (NHMUK 1911.2.1.23-26a); O, same, 28th parapodia (NHMUK 1911.2.1.23-26b). Scale bars: A, B, F, 1 mm; C, 0.2 mm; D, E, G-J, 0.5 mm; K-M, 15 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4439502" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4439502/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="478">Fig. 6A</figureCitation>
). Palpophores oval, massive, as long as wide (
<figureCitation id="13202A16F472BE47A4F2A2FFFECB71E7" box="[191,267,2001,2028]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="17.[132,143,1555,1573]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,216,1512]" captionTargetId="figure-138@17.[132,1455,216,1521]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIG. 6. — Perinereis latipalpa (Schmarda, 1861) n. comb., syntypes of Neanthes latipalpa typica Willey, 1904 n. syn. (NHMUK 1911.2.1.23-26); A, anterior region, dorsal view; B, same, ventral view; C, right jaw, ventral view (arrows point canals); D, maxillary ring of pharynx, ventral view; E, oral ring of pharynx, ventral view (arrow points distal portion of λ-shaped pattern); F, posterior region, dorsal view; G-J, parapodia, anterior view (numbers refer the chaetiger); K, approach of notopodial homogomph spiniger (chaet. 41) (arrow points thicker,separated teeth); L, neuropodial heterogomph falciger, supracicular (chaet. 41); M, same, subacicular (chaet. 41); N, permanent microscope slide with mounted 8th, 33rd and 73rd parapodia (NHMUK 1911.2.1.23-26a); O, same, 28th parapodia (NHMUK 1911.2.1.23-26b). Scale bars: A, B, F, 1 mm; C, 0.2 mm; D, E, G-J, 0.5 mm; K-M, 15 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4439502" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4439502/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="478">Fig.6B</figureCitation>
), equaling entire length of prostomium.Antennae separated (
<figureCitation id="13202A16F472BE47A7D0A5F9FC3276F9" box="[925,1010,215,242]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="17.[132,143,1555,1573]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,216,1512]" captionTargetId="figure-138@17.[132,1455,216,1521]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIG. 6. — Perinereis latipalpa (Schmarda, 1861) n. comb., syntypes of Neanthes latipalpa typica Willey, 1904 n. syn. (NHMUK 1911.2.1.23-26); A, anterior region, dorsal view; B, same, ventral view; C, right jaw, ventral view (arrows point canals); D, maxillary ring of pharynx, ventral view; E, oral ring of pharynx, ventral view (arrow points distal portion of λ-shaped pattern); F, posterior region, dorsal view; G-J, parapodia, anterior view (numbers refer the chaetiger); K, approach of notopodial homogomph spiniger (chaet. 41) (arrow points thicker,separated teeth); L, neuropodial heterogomph falciger, supracicular (chaet. 41); M, same, subacicular (chaet. 41); N, permanent microscope slide with mounted 8th, 33rd and 73rd parapodia (NHMUK 1911.2.1.23-26a); O, same, 28th parapodia (NHMUK 1911.2.1.23-26b). Scale bars: A, B, F, 1 mm; C, 0.2 mm; D, E, G-J, 0.5 mm; K-M, 15 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4439502" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4439502/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="478">Fig. 6A</figureCitation>
), conical, slender, extending backward to one-quarter of prostomium. Eyes in sub-trapezoidal arrangement, blackish (
<figureCitation id="13202A16F472BE47A798A439FBE77739" box="[981,1063,279,306]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="17.[132,143,1555,1573]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,216,1512]" captionTargetId="figure-138@17.[132,1455,216,1521]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIG. 6. — Perinereis latipalpa (Schmarda, 1861) n. comb., syntypes of Neanthes latipalpa typica Willey, 1904 n. syn. (NHMUK 1911.2.1.23-26); A, anterior region, dorsal view; B, same, ventral view; C, right jaw, ventral view (arrows point canals); D, maxillary ring of pharynx, ventral view; E, oral ring of pharynx, ventral view (arrow points distal portion of λ-shaped pattern); F, posterior region, dorsal view; G-J, parapodia, anterior view (numbers refer the chaetiger); K, approach of notopodial homogomph spiniger (chaet. 41) (arrow points thicker,separated teeth); L, neuropodial heterogomph falciger, supracicular (chaet. 41); M, same, subacicular (chaet. 41); N, permanent microscope slide with mounted 8th, 33rd and 73rd parapodia (NHMUK 1911.2.1.23-26a); O, same, 28th parapodia (NHMUK 1911.2.1.23-26b). Scale bars: A, B, F, 1 mm; C, 0.2 mm; D, E, G-J, 0.5 mm; K-M, 15 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4439502" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4439502/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="478">Fig. 6A</figureCitation>
); anterior pair barely reniform due to lens, slightly wider than antennal diameter, lens anterolateral, covering 25%; posterior pair rounded, slightly shorter than anterior, lens posterolateral, covering 40%.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA43693F472BE47A760A498FA6E749B" blockId="15.[811,1456,438,656]" pageId="15" pageNumber="478">
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F472BE47A760A498FACF77DB" bold="true" box="[813,1295,438,465]" pageId="15" pageNumber="478">Apodous anterior segment &amp; tentacular cirri.</emphasis>
Apodous anterior segment 3.4 times wider than long, 1.4 times longer than chaetiger 1. Antero-dorsal tentacular cirri reaching chaetiger 2, antero-ventral one smaller than palpophore. Postero-dorsal reaching chaetiger 5, postero-ventral one extending over prostomium to reach one-half of it. Postero-dorsal cirrophores longest, 2 times length of postero-ventral ring-shaped ones.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA43693F472BE47A760A798FA717264" blockId="15.[811,1458,693,1135]" pageId="15" pageNumber="478">
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F472BE47A760A798FC4E74DB" bold="true" box="[813,910,694,720]" pageId="15" pageNumber="478">Pharynx.</emphasis>
Not everted. Jaws with 6 denticles, barely prolonged; pulp cavity two-fifths length of jaw, oblique distal apex, five longitudinal canals (
<figureCitation id="13202A16F472BE47A04DA7DBFB92751B" box="[1024,1106,757,784]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="17.[132,143,1555,1573]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,216,1512]" captionTargetId="figure-138@17.[132,1455,216,1521]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIG. 6. — Perinereis latipalpa (Schmarda, 1861) n. comb., syntypes of Neanthes latipalpa typica Willey, 1904 n. syn. (NHMUK 1911.2.1.23-26); A, anterior region, dorsal view; B, same, ventral view; C, right jaw, ventral view (arrows point canals); D, maxillary ring of pharynx, ventral view; E, oral ring of pharynx, ventral view (arrow points distal portion of λ-shaped pattern); F, posterior region, dorsal view; G-J, parapodia, anterior view (numbers refer the chaetiger); K, approach of notopodial homogomph spiniger (chaet. 41) (arrow points thicker,separated teeth); L, neuropodial heterogomph falciger, supracicular (chaet. 41); M, same, subacicular (chaet. 41); N, permanent microscope slide with mounted 8th, 33rd and 73rd parapodia (NHMUK 1911.2.1.23-26a); O, same, 28th parapodia (NHMUK 1911.2.1.23-26b). Scale bars: A, B, F, 1 mm; C, 0.2 mm; D, E, G-J, 0.5 mm; K-M, 15 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4439502" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4439502/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="478">Fig. 6C</figureCitation>
). Maxillary ring (
<figureCitation id="13202A16F472BE47A14BA7DBFA9A751B" box="[1286,1370,757,784]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="17.[132,143,1555,1573]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,216,1512]" captionTargetId="figure-138@17.[132,1455,216,1521]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIG. 6. — Perinereis latipalpa (Schmarda, 1861) n. comb., syntypes of Neanthes latipalpa typica Willey, 1904 n. syn. (NHMUK 1911.2.1.23-26); A, anterior region, dorsal view; B, same, ventral view; C, right jaw, ventral view (arrows point canals); D, maxillary ring of pharynx, ventral view; E, oral ring of pharynx, ventral view (arrow points distal portion of λ-shaped pattern); F, posterior region, dorsal view; G-J, parapodia, anterior view (numbers refer the chaetiger); K, approach of notopodial homogomph spiniger (chaet. 41) (arrow points thicker,separated teeth); L, neuropodial heterogomph falciger, supracicular (chaet. 41); M, same, subacicular (chaet. 41); N, permanent microscope slide with mounted 8th, 33rd and 73rd parapodia (NHMUK 1911.2.1.23-26a); O, same, 28th parapodia (NHMUK 1911.2.1.23-26b). Scale bars: A, B, F, 1 mm; C, 0.2 mm; D, E, G-J, 0.5 mm; K-M, 15 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4439502" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4439502/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="478">Fig. 6D</figureCitation>
): paragnaths conical, small, dusky brown. AI =1, longer than cones on AII. AIIa =9, AIIb=10, irregular oblique patch. AIII=12, oval patch in three rows, one isolated cone. AIVa = 21, AIVb =21, spoon-shaped patch, merged paragnaths absent. Oral ring (
<figureCitation id="13202A16F472BE47A77AA6BBFC4F75BB" box="[823,911,917,944]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="17.[132,143,1555,1573]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,216,1512]" captionTargetId="figure-138@17.[132,1455,216,1521]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIG. 6. — Perinereis latipalpa (Schmarda, 1861) n. comb., syntypes of Neanthes latipalpa typica Willey, 1904 n. syn. (NHMUK 1911.2.1.23-26); A, anterior region, dorsal view; B, same, ventral view; C, right jaw, ventral view (arrows point canals); D, maxillary ring of pharynx, ventral view; E, oral ring of pharynx, ventral view (arrow points distal portion of λ-shaped pattern); F, posterior region, dorsal view; G-J, parapodia, anterior view (numbers refer the chaetiger); K, approach of notopodial homogomph spiniger (chaet. 41) (arrow points thicker,separated teeth); L, neuropodial heterogomph falciger, supracicular (chaet. 41); M, same, subacicular (chaet. 41); N, permanent microscope slide with mounted 8th, 33rd and 73rd parapodia (NHMUK 1911.2.1.23-26a); O, same, 28th parapodia (NHMUK 1911.2.1.23-26b). Scale bars: A, B, F, 1 mm; C, 0.2 mm; D, E, G-J, 0.5 mm; K-M, 15 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4439502" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4439502/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="478">Fig. 6E</figureCitation>
): AVI-V-VI pattern, λ- shaped; AVI overlapping proximally AV further behind arc of paragnaths. Paragnaths conical, except shield-shaped bars on AVI, dusky brown. AV= 1, aligned to paragnaths of AVI. AVIa =10, AVIb =10, arc of paragnaths long, oblique (
<figureCitation id="13202A16F472BE47A0C5A13AFB1B7224" box="[1160,1243,1044,1071]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="17.[132,143,1555,1573]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,216,1512]" captionTargetId="figure-138@17.[132,1455,216,1521]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIG. 6. — Perinereis latipalpa (Schmarda, 1861) n. comb., syntypes of Neanthes latipalpa typica Willey, 1904 n. syn. (NHMUK 1911.2.1.23-26); A, anterior region, dorsal view; B, same, ventral view; C, right jaw, ventral view (arrows point canals); D, maxillary ring of pharynx, ventral view; E, oral ring of pharynx, ventral view (arrow points distal portion of λ-shaped pattern); F, posterior region, dorsal view; G-J, parapodia, anterior view (numbers refer the chaetiger); K, approach of notopodial homogomph spiniger (chaet. 41) (arrow points thicker,separated teeth); L, neuropodial heterogomph falciger, supracicular (chaet. 41); M, same, subacicular (chaet. 41); N, permanent microscope slide with mounted 8th, 33rd and 73rd parapodia (NHMUK 1911.2.1.23-26a); O, same, 28th parapodia (NHMUK 1911.2.1.23-26b). Scale bars: A, B, F, 1 mm; C, 0.2 mm; D, E, G-J, 0.5 mm; K-M, 15 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4439502" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4439502/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="478">Fig. 6E</figureCitation>
), bars short, similar length, tip barely worn. AVII-VIII= 52, single band of two main rows, irregular.Gap between AVI and AVII-VIII narrow.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA43693F472BE47A760A1BAFA6473E6" blockId="15.[811,1457,1172,1518]" pageId="15" pageNumber="478">
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F472BE47A760A1BAFC6872A5" bold="true" box="[813,936,1172,1198]" pageId="15" pageNumber="478">Notopodia.</emphasis>
Dorsal cirri longer than dorsal ligule in first parapodia, subequal to ligule or slightly longer in anterior and median parapodia (
<figureCitation id="13202A16F472BE47A7B4A1FAFBF572E4" box="[1017,1077,1236,1263]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="17.[132,143,1555,1573]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,216,1512]" captionTargetId="figure-138@17.[132,1455,216,1521]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIG. 6. — Perinereis latipalpa (Schmarda, 1861) n. comb., syntypes of Neanthes latipalpa typica Willey, 1904 n. syn. (NHMUK 1911.2.1.23-26); A, anterior region, dorsal view; B, same, ventral view; C, right jaw, ventral view (arrows point canals); D, maxillary ring of pharynx, ventral view; E, oral ring of pharynx, ventral view (arrow points distal portion of λ-shaped pattern); F, posterior region, dorsal view; G-J, parapodia, anterior view (numbers refer the chaetiger); K, approach of notopodial homogomph spiniger (chaet. 41) (arrow points thicker,separated teeth); L, neuropodial heterogomph falciger, supracicular (chaet. 41); M, same, subacicular (chaet. 41); N, permanent microscope slide with mounted 8th, 33rd and 73rd parapodia (NHMUK 1911.2.1.23-26a); O, same, 28th parapodia (NHMUK 1911.2.1.23-26b). Scale bars: A, B, F, 1 mm; C, 0.2 mm; D, E, G-J, 0.5 mm; K-M, 15 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4439502" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4439502/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="478">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
G-I), 1.5-2 times longer in posterior ones (
<figureCitation id="13202A16F472BE47A725A1DDFC6F7305" box="[872,943,1267,1294]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="17.[132,143,1555,1573]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,216,1512]" captionTargetId="figure-138@17.[132,1455,216,1521]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIG. 6. — Perinereis latipalpa (Schmarda, 1861) n. comb., syntypes of Neanthes latipalpa typica Willey, 1904 n. syn. (NHMUK 1911.2.1.23-26); A, anterior region, dorsal view; B, same, ventral view; C, right jaw, ventral view (arrows point canals); D, maxillary ring of pharynx, ventral view; E, oral ring of pharynx, ventral view (arrow points distal portion of λ-shaped pattern); F, posterior region, dorsal view; G-J, parapodia, anterior view (numbers refer the chaetiger); K, approach of notopodial homogomph spiniger (chaet. 41) (arrow points thicker,separated teeth); L, neuropodial heterogomph falciger, supracicular (chaet. 41); M, same, subacicular (chaet. 41); N, permanent microscope slide with mounted 8th, 33rd and 73rd parapodia (NHMUK 1911.2.1.23-26a); O, same, 28th parapodia (NHMUK 1911.2.1.23-26b). Scale bars: A, B, F, 1 mm; C, 0.2 mm; D, E, G-J, 0.5 mm; K-M, 15 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4439502" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4439502/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="478">Fig. 6J</figureCitation>
); cirri inserted on one-third in anterior parapodia, one-half in median, three-quarters in posterior ones.Dorsal ligule becoming wider from parapodia 29, barely expanded from about parapodia 63 (
<figureCitation id="13202A16F472BE47A788A07DFBD07365" box="[965,1040,1363,1390]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="17.[132,143,1555,1573]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,216,1512]" captionTargetId="figure-138@17.[132,1455,216,1521]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIG. 6. — Perinereis latipalpa (Schmarda, 1861) n. comb., syntypes of Neanthes latipalpa typica Willey, 1904 n. syn. (NHMUK 1911.2.1.23-26); A, anterior region, dorsal view; B, same, ventral view; C, right jaw, ventral view (arrows point canals); D, maxillary ring of pharynx, ventral view; E, oral ring of pharynx, ventral view (arrow points distal portion of λ-shaped pattern); F, posterior region, dorsal view; G-J, parapodia, anterior view (numbers refer the chaetiger); K, approach of notopodial homogomph spiniger (chaet. 41) (arrow points thicker,separated teeth); L, neuropodial heterogomph falciger, supracicular (chaet. 41); M, same, subacicular (chaet. 41); N, permanent microscope slide with mounted 8th, 33rd and 73rd parapodia (NHMUK 1911.2.1.23-26a); O, same, 28th parapodia (NHMUK 1911.2.1.23-26b). Scale bars: A, B, F, 1 mm; C, 0.2 mm; D, E, G-J, 0.5 mm; K-M, 15 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4439502" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4439502/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="478">Fig. 6J</figureCitation>
); subequal to median ligule in anterior and median parapodia (
<figureCitation id="13202A16F472BE47A07DA05DFBB07385" box="[1072,1136,1395,1422]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="17.[132,143,1555,1573]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,216,1512]" captionTargetId="figure-138@17.[132,1455,216,1521]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIG. 6. — Perinereis latipalpa (Schmarda, 1861) n. comb., syntypes of Neanthes latipalpa typica Willey, 1904 n. syn. (NHMUK 1911.2.1.23-26); A, anterior region, dorsal view; B, same, ventral view; C, right jaw, ventral view (arrows point canals); D, maxillary ring of pharynx, ventral view; E, oral ring of pharynx, ventral view (arrow points distal portion of λ-shaped pattern); F, posterior region, dorsal view; G-J, parapodia, anterior view (numbers refer the chaetiger); K, approach of notopodial homogomph spiniger (chaet. 41) (arrow points thicker,separated teeth); L, neuropodial heterogomph falciger, supracicular (chaet. 41); M, same, subacicular (chaet. 41); N, permanent microscope slide with mounted 8th, 33rd and 73rd parapodia (NHMUK 1911.2.1.23-26a); O, same, 28th parapodia (NHMUK 1911.2.1.23-26b). Scale bars: A, B, F, 1 mm; C, 0.2 mm; D, E, G-J, 0.5 mm; K-M, 15 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4439502" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4439502/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="478">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
G-I), longer in posterior ones (
<figureCitation id="13202A16F472BE47A77BA0BDFC4073A5" box="[822,896,1427,1454]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="17.[132,143,1555,1573]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,216,1512]" captionTargetId="figure-138@17.[132,1455,216,1521]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIG. 6. — Perinereis latipalpa (Schmarda, 1861) n. comb., syntypes of Neanthes latipalpa typica Willey, 1904 n. syn. (NHMUK 1911.2.1.23-26); A, anterior region, dorsal view; B, same, ventral view; C, right jaw, ventral view (arrows point canals); D, maxillary ring of pharynx, ventral view; E, oral ring of pharynx, ventral view (arrow points distal portion of λ-shaped pattern); F, posterior region, dorsal view; G-J, parapodia, anterior view (numbers refer the chaetiger); K, approach of notopodial homogomph spiniger (chaet. 41) (arrow points thicker,separated teeth); L, neuropodial heterogomph falciger, supracicular (chaet. 41); M, same, subacicular (chaet. 41); N, permanent microscope slide with mounted 8th, 33rd and 73rd parapodia (NHMUK 1911.2.1.23-26a); O, same, 28th parapodia (NHMUK 1911.2.1.23-26b). Scale bars: A, B, F, 1 mm; C, 0.2 mm; D, E, G-J, 0.5 mm; K-M, 15 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4439502" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4439502/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="478">Fig. 6J</figureCitation>
). Two main glandular patches in dorsal ligule, central and proximal, most intense in posterior parapodia. Notoacicular process developed from parapodia 5 to 18, digitiform, short.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA43693F472BE47A760A33CFAF470A7" blockId="15.[811,1455,1554,1709]" pageId="15" pageNumber="478">
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F472BE47A760A33CFC787027" bold="true" box="[813,952,1554,1580]" pageId="15" pageNumber="478">Neuropodia.</emphasis>
Neuracicular ligule slightly longer than ventral ligule. Superior lobe digitiform (
<figureCitation id="13202A16F472BE47A0C7A31CFAC37046" box="[1162,1283,1586,1613]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="17.[132,143,1555,1573]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,216,1512]" captionTargetId="figure-138@17.[132,1455,216,1521]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIG. 6. — Perinereis latipalpa (Schmarda, 1861) n. comb., syntypes of Neanthes latipalpa typica Willey, 1904 n. syn. (NHMUK 1911.2.1.23-26); A, anterior region, dorsal view; B, same, ventral view; C, right jaw, ventral view (arrows point canals); D, maxillary ring of pharynx, ventral view; E, oral ring of pharynx, ventral view (arrow points distal portion of λ-shaped pattern); F, posterior region, dorsal view; G-J, parapodia, anterior view (numbers refer the chaetiger); K, approach of notopodial homogomph spiniger (chaet. 41) (arrow points thicker,separated teeth); L, neuropodial heterogomph falciger, supracicular (chaet. 41); M, same, subacicular (chaet. 41); N, permanent microscope slide with mounted 8th, 33rd and 73rd parapodia (NHMUK 1911.2.1.23-26a); O, same, 28th parapodia (NHMUK 1911.2.1.23-26b). Scale bars: A, B, F, 1 mm; C, 0.2 mm; D, E, G-J, 0.5 mm; K-M, 15 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4439502" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4439502/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="478">Fig. 6G, H</figureCitation>
), projecting beyond end of neuracicular ligule in first 24 parapodia, reduced from parapodia 54. Ventral cirri smaller than ventral ligule, except in first anterior parapodia, subequal to it.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA43693F472BE47A760A3FCFBC87187" blockId="15.[811,1457,1746,1932]" pageId="15" pageNumber="478">
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F472BE47A760A3FCFC4E70E7" bold="true" box="[813,910,1746,1772]" pageId="15" pageNumber="478">Chaetae.</emphasis>
Homogomph spinigers with blade bearing few first proximal teeth thickened and notoriously separated (
<figureCitation id="13202A16F472BE47A11DA3DCFA627106" box="[1360,1442,1778,1805]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="17.[132,143,1555,1573]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,216,1512]" captionTargetId="figure-138@17.[132,1455,216,1521]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIG. 6. — Perinereis latipalpa (Schmarda, 1861) n. comb., syntypes of Neanthes latipalpa typica Willey, 1904 n. syn. (NHMUK 1911.2.1.23-26); A, anterior region, dorsal view; B, same, ventral view; C, right jaw, ventral view (arrows point canals); D, maxillary ring of pharynx, ventral view; E, oral ring of pharynx, ventral view (arrow points distal portion of λ-shaped pattern); F, posterior region, dorsal view; G-J, parapodia, anterior view (numbers refer the chaetiger); K, approach of notopodial homogomph spiniger (chaet. 41) (arrow points thicker,separated teeth); L, neuropodial heterogomph falciger, supracicular (chaet. 41); M, same, subacicular (chaet. 41); N, permanent microscope slide with mounted 8th, 33rd and 73rd parapodia (NHMUK 1911.2.1.23-26a); O, same, 28th parapodia (NHMUK 1911.2.1.23-26b). Scale bars: A, B, F, 1 mm; C, 0.2 mm; D, E, G-J, 0.5 mm; K-M, 15 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4439502" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4439502/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="478">Fig. 6K</figureCitation>
). Heterogomph spinigers present in all chaetigers, blade with proximal teeth barely thickened, evenly spaced. Falcigers in both fascicles with serrated region 0.47-0.49 total blade length (
<figureCitation id="13202A16F472BE47A7CCA25FFC3B7187" box="[897,1019,1905,1932]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="17.[132,143,1555,1573]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,216,1512]" captionTargetId="figure-138@17.[132,1455,216,1521]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIG. 6. — Perinereis latipalpa (Schmarda, 1861) n. comb., syntypes of Neanthes latipalpa typica Willey, 1904 n. syn. (NHMUK 1911.2.1.23-26); A, anterior region, dorsal view; B, same, ventral view; C, right jaw, ventral view (arrows point canals); D, maxillary ring of pharynx, ventral view; E, oral ring of pharynx, ventral view (arrow points distal portion of λ-shaped pattern); F, posterior region, dorsal view; G-J, parapodia, anterior view (numbers refer the chaetiger); K, approach of notopodial homogomph spiniger (chaet. 41) (arrow points thicker,separated teeth); L, neuropodial heterogomph falciger, supracicular (chaet. 41); M, same, subacicular (chaet. 41); N, permanent microscope slide with mounted 8th, 33rd and 73rd parapodia (NHMUK 1911.2.1.23-26a); O, same, 28th parapodia (NHMUK 1911.2.1.23-26b). Scale bars: A, B, F, 1 mm; C, 0.2 mm; D, E, G-J, 0.5 mm; K-M, 15 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4439502" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4439502/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="478">Fig. 6L, M</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA43693F472BE47A760A29FFAE671E0" blockId="15.[811,1455,1969,2028]" pageId="15" pageNumber="478">
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F472BE47A760A29FFC5E71C0" bold="true" box="[813,926,1969,1995]" pageId="15" pageNumber="478">Pygidium.</emphasis>
With slightly thickened anal cirri (
<figureCitation id="13202A16F472BE47A14AA29FFA9471C7" box="[1287,1364,1969,1996]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="17.[132,143,1555,1573]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,216,1512]" captionTargetId="figure-138@17.[132,1455,216,1521]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIG. 6. — Perinereis latipalpa (Schmarda, 1861) n. comb., syntypes of Neanthes latipalpa typica Willey, 1904 n. syn. (NHMUK 1911.2.1.23-26); A, anterior region, dorsal view; B, same, ventral view; C, right jaw, ventral view (arrows point canals); D, maxillary ring of pharynx, ventral view; E, oral ring of pharynx, ventral view (arrow points distal portion of λ-shaped pattern); F, posterior region, dorsal view; G-J, parapodia, anterior view (numbers refer the chaetiger); K, approach of notopodial homogomph spiniger (chaet. 41) (arrow points thicker,separated teeth); L, neuropodial heterogomph falciger, supracicular (chaet. 41); M, same, subacicular (chaet. 41); N, permanent microscope slide with mounted 8th, 33rd and 73rd parapodia (NHMUK 1911.2.1.23-26a); O, same, 28th parapodia (NHMUK 1911.2.1.23-26b). Scale bars: A, B, F, 1 mm; C, 0.2 mm; D, E, G-J, 0.5 mm; K-M, 15 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4439502" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4439502/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="478">Fig. 6F</figureCitation>
), as long as last 6 parapodia, cirrophores well developed.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF64661BF46DBE58A4C9A33DFCE1708B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4436930" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4436930" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4436930/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="479" startId="16.[132,143,1555,1573]" targetBox="[133,1456,217,1512]" targetPageId="16">
<paragraph id="8BA43693F46DBE58A4C9A33DFCE1708B" blockId="16.[132,1457,1555,1664]" pageId="16" pageNumber="479">
FIG. 5. —
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D10F46DBE58A49BA33DFDCE702E" authority="(Schmarda, 1861)" authorityName="Villalobos-Guerrero" authorityYear="2019" baseAuthorityName="Schmarda" baseAuthorityYear="1861" box="[214,526,1555,1573]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Perinereis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="16" pageNumber="479" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="latipalpa" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F46DBE58A49BA33DFEB4702E" box="[214,372,1555,1573]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="479">Perinereis latipalpa</emphasis>
(Schmarda, 1861)
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25C57FAF46DBE58A65EA33DFDA3702E" box="[531,611,1555,1573]" pageId="16" pageNumber="479" rank="species">n. comb.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, holotype of
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D10F46DBE58A683A33DFC24702E" authority="Kinberg, 1865" authorityName="Kinberg" authorityYear="1865" box="[718,996,1555,1573]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Neanthes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="16" pageNumber="479" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="latipalpa">
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F46DBE58A683A33DFCA9702E" box="[718,873,1555,1573]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="479">Neanthes latipalpa</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A4B62F46DBE58A723A33DFC24702E" author="KINBERG J. G. H." box="[878,996,1555,1573]" pageId="16" pageNumber="479" pagination="167 - 179" refId="ref27438" refString="KINBERG J. G. H. 1865. - Annulata nova. Nereidum dispositio nova. Ofversigt af Kongelige Vetenskaps-Akademiens Forhandlingar 22: 167 - 179. http: // biostor. org / reference / 105758" type="journal article" year="1865">Kinberg, 1865</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25C57FAF46DBE58A7A7A33DFBE3702E" box="[1002,1059,1555,1573]" pageId="16" pageNumber="479">n. syn.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(SMNH 37900):
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F46DBE58A0E3A33DFB7B702E" bold="true" box="[1198,1211,1555,1573]" pageId="16" pageNumber="479">A</emphasis>
, anterior region, dorsal view;
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F46DBE58A4C9A304FF517037" bold="true" box="[132,145,1578,1596]" pageId="16" pageNumber="479">B</emphasis>
, pharynx, dorsal view (arrow points proximal overlap of areas V and VI);
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F46DBE58A6A7A304FD387037" bold="true" box="[746,760,1578,1596]" pageId="16" pageNumber="479">C</emphasis>
, oral ring of pharynx, lateral view;
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F46DBE58A05BA304FBE47037" bold="true" box="[1046,1060,1578,1596]" pageId="16" pageNumber="479">D</emphasis>
, same, ventral view;
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F46DBE58A09EA304FB1F7037" bold="true" box="[1235,1247,1578,1596]" pageId="16" pageNumber="479">E</emphasis>
, posterior region, ventral view;
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F46DBE58A4F8A36EFF0D7059" bold="true" box="[181,205,1600,1618]" pageId="16" pageNumber="479">F -I</emphasis>
, parapodia, anterior view (numbers refer the chaetiger);
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F46DBE58A6EAA36EFD717059" bold="true" box="[679,689,1600,1618]" pageId="16" pageNumber="479">J</emphasis>
, approach of notopodial homogomph spinigers (chaet. 45) (arrows point thicker, separated teeth);
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F46DBE58A4F2A379FF0C7062" bold="true" box="[191,204,1623,1641]" pageId="16" pageNumber="479">K</emphasis>
, neuropodial heterogomph falciger, subacicular (chaet. 45);
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F46DBE58A681A379FD177062" bold="true" box="[716,727,1623,1641]" pageId="16" pageNumber="479">L</emphasis>
, permanent microscope slide, mounted 27th parapodia (SMNH 37900, housed at the NHMUK). Scale bars: A, 2 mm; B-E, 1 mm; F-H, 0.5 mm; I, 0.3 mm; J, K, 15 µm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BA43693F46DBE58A4C9A39DFD8470C7" blockId="16.[130,777,1714,2027]" box="[132,580,1714,1740]" pageId="16" pageNumber="479">
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F46DBE58A4C9A39DFF3870C7" box="[132,248,1714,1740]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="479">Topotype of</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D10F46DBE58A4B2A39CFE0670C7" authorityName="Wilson &amp; Glasby" authorityYear="1993" box="[255,454,1714,1740]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Perinereis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="16" pageNumber="479" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="namibia">Perinereis namibia</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F46DBE58A581A39CFD8470C7" box="[460,580,1714,1740]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="479">
(
<figureCitation id="13202A16F46DBE58A598A39CFDD170C7" box="[469,529,1714,1740]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="18.[133,144,1657,1675]" captionTargetBox="[131,1454,215,1615]" captionTargetId="figure-105@18.[131,1454,213,1620]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIG. 7. — Perinereis latipalpa (Schmarda, 1861) n. comb.: A-E, topotype of Perinereis namibia Wilson &amp; Glasby, 1993, n. syn. (ZMB 4109b): A, maxillary ring of pharynx,frontal view; B, oral ring of pharynx, dorsal view (arrow points distal portion of λ-shaped pattern); C, same, ventral view; D, parapodium 74,anterior view; E, approach to homogomph spinigers (chaet.74), notopodial (left), neuropodial supracicular (right) (arrows point thickened,separated teeth).F-K, Perinereis vallata (Grube &amp; Kröyer in Grube, 1858), non-type (ZMB 3666); F, approach to neuropodial supracicular homogomph spiniger (chaet. 76) (arrow points barely thickened, evenly spaced teeth); G, anterior region, dorsal view; H, maxillary ring, frontal view (arrows point merged paragnaths); I, oral ring, dorsal view (arrow points distal portion of χ-shaped pattern); J, pharynx, ventral view; K, same, lateral view. Scale bars: A, D, H, 0.5 mm; B, C, G, I-K, 1 mm; E, F, 15 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4436934" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4436934/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="479">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
A-E)
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA43693F46DBE58A4C9A3FCFD6871E0" blockId="16.[130,777,1714,2027]" pageId="16" pageNumber="479">
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F46DBE58A4C9A3FCFEE170E7" bold="true" box="[132,289,1746,1772]" pageId="16" pageNumber="479">Body &amp; head.</emphasis>
Atoke, ZMB 4109b, complete. Prostomium sub-pentagonal, broad anterior end. Palpophores oval, massive, as long as wide. Antennae separated, conical, slender, extending backward to one-third of prostomium. Eyes in subtrapezoidal arrangement; anterior pair rounded, subequal to antennal diameter, lens anterolateral, covering 20%; posterior pair rounded, slightly shorter than anterior pair, lens posterolateral, covering 30%. Apodous anterior segment 3 times wider than long, 1.3 times longer than chaetiger 1.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA43693F46DBE59A760A39CFE8C7147" blockId="16.[811,1457,1714,2028]" lastBlockId="17.[132,776,1746,1868]" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="480" pageId="16" pageNumber="479">
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F46DBE58A760A39CFC5070C7" bold="true" box="[813,912,1714,1740]" pageId="16" pageNumber="479">Pharynx.</emphasis>
Everted. Jaws with 6 denticles, barely prolonged. Maxillary ring (
<figureCitation id="13202A16F46DBE58A790A3FCFBF570E7" box="[989,1077,1746,1772]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="18.[133,144,1657,1675]" captionTargetBox="[131,1454,215,1615]" captionTargetId="figure-105@18.[131,1454,213,1620]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIG. 7. — Perinereis latipalpa (Schmarda, 1861) n. comb.: A-E, topotype of Perinereis namibia Wilson &amp; Glasby, 1993, n. syn. (ZMB 4109b): A, maxillary ring of pharynx,frontal view; B, oral ring of pharynx, dorsal view (arrow points distal portion of λ-shaped pattern); C, same, ventral view; D, parapodium 74,anterior view; E, approach to homogomph spinigers (chaet.74), notopodial (left), neuropodial supracicular (right) (arrows point thickened,separated teeth).F-K, Perinereis vallata (Grube &amp; Kröyer in Grube, 1858), non-type (ZMB 3666); F, approach to neuropodial supracicular homogomph spiniger (chaet. 76) (arrow points barely thickened, evenly spaced teeth); G, anterior region, dorsal view; H, maxillary ring, frontal view (arrows point merged paragnaths); I, oral ring, dorsal view (arrow points distal portion of χ-shaped pattern); J, pharynx, ventral view; K, same, lateral view. Scale bars: A, D, H, 0.5 mm; B, C, G, I-K, 1 mm; E, F, 15 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4436934" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4436934/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="479">Fig. 7A</figureCitation>
): paragnaths conical, small, dusky brown. AI= 1, barely longer than cones on AII. AIIa = 4, AIIb= 5, oblique row. AIII= 12, oval patch in three irregular rows, one isolated cone. AIVa =22, AIVb = 22, lemniscateshaped patch, merged paragnaths absent. Oral ring (
<figureCitation id="13202A16F46DBE58A114A27FFC827180" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="18.[133,144,1657,1675]" captionTargetBox="[131,1454,215,1615]" captionTargetId="figure-105@18.[131,1454,213,1620]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIG. 7. — Perinereis latipalpa (Schmarda, 1861) n. comb.: A-E, topotype of Perinereis namibia Wilson &amp; Glasby, 1993, n. syn. (ZMB 4109b): A, maxillary ring of pharynx,frontal view; B, oral ring of pharynx, dorsal view (arrow points distal portion of λ-shaped pattern); C, same, ventral view; D, parapodium 74,anterior view; E, approach to homogomph spinigers (chaet.74), notopodial (left), neuropodial supracicular (right) (arrows point thickened,separated teeth).F-K, Perinereis vallata (Grube &amp; Kröyer in Grube, 1858), non-type (ZMB 3666); F, approach to neuropodial supracicular homogomph spiniger (chaet. 76) (arrow points barely thickened, evenly spaced teeth); G, anterior region, dorsal view; H, maxillary ring, frontal view (arrows point merged paragnaths); I, oral ring, dorsal view (arrow points distal portion of χ-shaped pattern); J, pharynx, ventral view; K, same, lateral view. Scale bars: A, D, H, 0.5 mm; B, C, G, I-K, 1 mm; E, F, 15 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4436934" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4436934/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="479">Fig. 7B, C</figureCitation>
): AVI-V-VI pattern, λ- shaped; AVI overlapping proximally AV further behind arc of paragnaths (
<figureCitation id="13202A16F46DBE58A080A2BFFAE371A7" box="[1229,1315,1937,1964]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="18.[133,144,1657,1675]" captionTargetBox="[131,1454,215,1615]" captionTargetId="figure-105@18.[131,1454,213,1620]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIG. 7. — Perinereis latipalpa (Schmarda, 1861) n. comb.: A-E, topotype of Perinereis namibia Wilson &amp; Glasby, 1993, n. syn. (ZMB 4109b): A, maxillary ring of pharynx,frontal view; B, oral ring of pharynx, dorsal view (arrow points distal portion of λ-shaped pattern); C, same, ventral view; D, parapodium 74,anterior view; E, approach to homogomph spinigers (chaet.74), notopodial (left), neuropodial supracicular (right) (arrows point thickened,separated teeth).F-K, Perinereis vallata (Grube &amp; Kröyer in Grube, 1858), non-type (ZMB 3666); F, approach to neuropodial supracicular homogomph spiniger (chaet. 76) (arrow points barely thickened, evenly spaced teeth); G, anterior region, dorsal view; H, maxillary ring, frontal view (arrows point merged paragnaths); I, oral ring, dorsal view (arrow points distal portion of χ-shaped pattern); J, pharynx, ventral view; K, same, lateral view. Scale bars: A, D, H, 0.5 mm; B, C, G, I-K, 1 mm; E, F, 15 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4436934" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4436934/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="479">Fig. 7B</figureCitation>
). Paragnaths conical, except shield-shaped bars on AVI, dusky brown. AV=1, aligned to paragnaths of AVI. AVIa= 10, AVIb= 9, arc of paragnaths long, oblique (
<figureCitation id="13202A16F46CBE59A5ADA3FCFDF270E7" box="[480,562,1746,1772]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="18.[133,144,1657,1675]" captionTargetBox="[131,1454,215,1615]" captionTargetId="figure-105@18.[131,1454,213,1620]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIG. 7. — Perinereis latipalpa (Schmarda, 1861) n. comb.: A-E, topotype of Perinereis namibia Wilson &amp; Glasby, 1993, n. syn. (ZMB 4109b): A, maxillary ring of pharynx,frontal view; B, oral ring of pharynx, dorsal view (arrow points distal portion of λ-shaped pattern); C, same, ventral view; D, parapodium 74,anterior view; E, approach to homogomph spinigers (chaet.74), notopodial (left), neuropodial supracicular (right) (arrows point thickened,separated teeth).F-K, Perinereis vallata (Grube &amp; Kröyer in Grube, 1858), non-type (ZMB 3666); F, approach to neuropodial supracicular homogomph spiniger (chaet. 76) (arrow points barely thickened, evenly spaced teeth); G, anterior region, dorsal view; H, maxillary ring, frontal view (arrows point merged paragnaths); I, oral ring, dorsal view (arrow points distal portion of χ-shaped pattern); J, pharynx, ventral view; K, same, lateral view. Scale bars: A, D, H, 0.5 mm; B, C, G, I-K, 1 mm; E, F, 15 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4436934" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4436934/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="480">Fig. 7B</figureCitation>
), bars short, similar in length, tip barely worn. AVII-VIII = 54, single band of two main rows, irregular (
<figureCitation id="13202A16F46CBE59A5EBA23CFE3D7127" box="[422,509,1810,1836]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="18.[133,144,1657,1675]" captionTargetBox="[131,1454,215,1615]" captionTargetId="figure-105@18.[131,1454,213,1620]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIG. 7. — Perinereis latipalpa (Schmarda, 1861) n. comb.: A-E, topotype of Perinereis namibia Wilson &amp; Glasby, 1993, n. syn. (ZMB 4109b): A, maxillary ring of pharynx,frontal view; B, oral ring of pharynx, dorsal view (arrow points distal portion of λ-shaped pattern); C, same, ventral view; D, parapodium 74,anterior view; E, approach to homogomph spinigers (chaet.74), notopodial (left), neuropodial supracicular (right) (arrows point thickened,separated teeth).F-K, Perinereis vallata (Grube &amp; Kröyer in Grube, 1858), non-type (ZMB 3666); F, approach to neuropodial supracicular homogomph spiniger (chaet. 76) (arrow points barely thickened, evenly spaced teeth); G, anterior region, dorsal view; H, maxillary ring, frontal view (arrows point merged paragnaths); I, oral ring, dorsal view (arrow points distal portion of χ-shaped pattern); J, pharynx, ventral view; K, same, lateral view. Scale bars: A, D, H, 0.5 mm; B, C, G, I-K, 1 mm; E, F, 15 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4436934" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4436934/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="480">Fig. 7C</figureCitation>
). Gap between AVI and AVII-VIII narrow.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF64661BF46CBE59A4C9A33DFCA4709D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4439502" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4439502" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4439502/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="480" startId="17.[132,143,1555,1573]" targetBox="[132,1455,216,1512]" targetPageId="17">
<paragraph id="8BA43693F46CBE59A4C9A33DFCA4709D" blockId="17.[132,1457,1554,1686]" pageId="17" pageNumber="480">
FIG. 6. —
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D10F46CBE59A49EA33DFDC8702E" authority="(Schmarda, 1861)" authorityName="Villalobos-Guerrero" authorityYear="2019" baseAuthorityName="Schmarda" baseAuthorityYear="1861" box="[211,520,1554,1573]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Perinereis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="17" pageNumber="480" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="latipalpa" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F46CBE59A49EA33DFEB0702E" box="[211,368,1555,1573]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="480">Perinereis latipalpa</emphasis>
(Schmarda, 1861)
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25C57FAF46CBE59A641A33DFD9A702E" box="[524,602,1555,1573]" pageId="17" pageNumber="480" rank="species">n. comb.</taxonomicNameLabel>
,
<typeStatus id="54A08831F46CBE59A62DA33DFD6B702E" box="[608,683,1555,1573]" pageId="17" pageNumber="480" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D10F46CBE59A688A33DFC3E702E" authority="Willey, 1904" authorityName="Willey" authorityYear="1904" box="[709,1022,1555,1573]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Neanthes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="17" pageNumber="480" phylum="Annelida" rank="subSpecies" species="latipalpa" subSpecies="typica">
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F46CBE59A688A33DFC55702E" box="[709,917,1555,1573]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="480">Neanthes latipalpa typica</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A4B62F46CBE59A7D7A33DFC3E702E" author="WILLEY A." box="[922,1022,1555,1573]" pageId="17" pageNumber="480" pagination="255 - 268" refId="ref28948" refString="WILLEY A. 1904. - Littoral Polychaeta from the Cape of Good Hope. Transactions of the Linnean Society of London, Series 2, Zoology 9 (6): 255 - 268. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1904. tb 00450. x" type="journal article" year="1904">Willey, 1904</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25C57FAF46CBE59A04FA33DFBFB702E" box="[1026,1083,1555,1573]" pageId="17" pageNumber="480">n. syn.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(NHMUK 1911.2.1.23-26);
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F46CBE59A156A33DFAE8702E" bold="true" box="[1307,1320,1555,1573]" pageId="17" pageNumber="480">A</emphasis>
, anterior region, dorsal view;
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F46CBE59A4A1A307FF397030" bold="true" box="[236,249,1577,1595]" pageId="17" pageNumber="480">B</emphasis>
, same, ventral view;
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F46CBE59A5E4A307FE777030" bold="true" box="[425,439,1577,1595]" pageId="17" pageNumber="480">C</emphasis>
, right jaw, ventral view (arrows point canals);
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F46CBE59A762A307FCFD7030" bold="true" box="[815,829,1577,1595]" pageId="17" pageNumber="480">D</emphasis>
, maxillary ring of pharynx, ventral view;
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F46CBE59A0C7A307FB567030" bold="true" box="[1162,1174,1577,1595]" pageId="17" pageNumber="480">E</emphasis>
, oral ring of pharynx, ventral view (arrow points distal portion of λ- shaped pattern);
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F46CBE59A66EA36EFDEE7059" bold="true" box="[547,558,1600,1618]" pageId="17" pageNumber="480">F</emphasis>
, posterior region, dorsal view;
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F46CBE59A779A36EFC947059" bold="true" box="[820,852,1600,1618]" pageId="17" pageNumber="480">G -J</emphasis>
, parapodia, anterior view (numbers refer the chaetiger);
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F46CBE59A17DA36EFAFD7059" bold="true" box="[1328,1341,1600,1618]" pageId="17" pageNumber="480">K</emphasis>
, approach of notopodial homogomph spiniger (chaet. 41) (arrow points thicker,separated teeth);
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F46CBE59A77BA379FC817062" bold="true" box="[822,833,1623,1641]" pageId="17" pageNumber="480">L</emphasis>
, neuropodial heterogomph falciger, supracicular (chaet. 41);
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F46CBE59A17AA379FA887062" bold="true" box="[1335,1352,1623,1641]" pageId="17" pageNumber="480">M</emphasis>
, same, subacicular (chaet. 41);
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F46CBE59A561A343FEFA7074" bold="true" box="[300,314,1645,1663]" pageId="17" pageNumber="480">N</emphasis>
, permanent microscope slide with mounted 8th, 33rd and 73rd parapodia (NHMUK 1911.2.1.23-26a);
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F46CBE59A0DDA343FB5F7074" bold="true" box="[1168,1183,1645,1663]" pageId="17" pageNumber="480">O</emphasis>
, same, 28th parapodia (NHMUK 1911.2.1.23-26b). Scale bars: A, B, F,
<quantity id="4CE39B76F46CBE59A5F2A3AAFE31709D" box="[447,497,1668,1686]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="17" pageNumber="480" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
; C,
<quantity id="4CE39B76F46CBE59A65CA3AAFD92709D" box="[529,594,1668,1686]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="17" pageNumber="480" unit="mm" value="0.2">0.2 mm</quantity>
; D, E, G-J,
<quantity id="4CE39B76F46CBE59A6FCA3AAFD32709D" box="[689,754,1668,1686]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="17" pageNumber="480" unit="mm" value="0.5">0.5 mm</quantity>
; K-M,
<quantity id="4CE39B76F46CBE59A764A3AAFCA0709D" box="[809,864,1668,1686]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="17" pageNumber="480" unit="mm" value="15.0">15 µm</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BA43693F46CBE59A4C9A25FFB857127" blockId="17.[132,775,1905,2028]" lastBlockId="17.[812,1457,1746,1836]" pageId="17" pageNumber="480">
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F46CBE59A4C9A25FFEC47180" bold="true" box="[132,260,1905,1931]" pageId="17" pageNumber="480">Notopodia.</emphasis>
Dorsal ligule becoming barely expanded from parapodia 32; subequal to median ligule in anterior parapodia, barely shorter in median, slightly longer in posterior ones (
<figureCitation id="13202A16F46CBE59A48EA2FFFEDB71E7" box="[195,283,2001,2028]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="18.[133,144,1657,1675]" captionTargetBox="[131,1454,215,1615]" captionTargetId="figure-105@18.[131,1454,213,1620]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIG. 7. — Perinereis latipalpa (Schmarda, 1861) n. comb.: A-E, topotype of Perinereis namibia Wilson &amp; Glasby, 1993, n. syn. (ZMB 4109b): A, maxillary ring of pharynx,frontal view; B, oral ring of pharynx, dorsal view (arrow points distal portion of λ-shaped pattern); C, same, ventral view; D, parapodium 74,anterior view; E, approach to homogomph spinigers (chaet.74), notopodial (left), neuropodial supracicular (right) (arrows point thickened,separated teeth).F-K, Perinereis vallata (Grube &amp; Kröyer in Grube, 1858), non-type (ZMB 3666); F, approach to neuropodial supracicular homogomph spiniger (chaet. 76) (arrow points barely thickened, evenly spaced teeth); G, anterior region, dorsal view; H, maxillary ring, frontal view (arrows point merged paragnaths); I, oral ring, dorsal view (arrow points distal portion of χ-shaped pattern); J, pharynx, ventral view; K, same, lateral view. Scale bars: A, D, H, 0.5 mm; B, C, G, I-K, 1 mm; E, F, 15 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4436934" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4436934/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="480">Fig. 7D</figureCitation>
). Two main glandular patches in dorsal ligule, central and proximal, most intense in posterior parapodia (
<figureCitation id="13202A16F46CBE59A77BA3DCFC517107" box="[822,913,1778,1804]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="18.[133,144,1657,1675]" captionTargetBox="[131,1454,215,1615]" captionTargetId="figure-105@18.[131,1454,213,1620]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIG. 7. — Perinereis latipalpa (Schmarda, 1861) n. comb.: A-E, topotype of Perinereis namibia Wilson &amp; Glasby, 1993, n. syn. (ZMB 4109b): A, maxillary ring of pharynx,frontal view; B, oral ring of pharynx, dorsal view (arrow points distal portion of λ-shaped pattern); C, same, ventral view; D, parapodium 74,anterior view; E, approach to homogomph spinigers (chaet.74), notopodial (left), neuropodial supracicular (right) (arrows point thickened,separated teeth).F-K, Perinereis vallata (Grube &amp; Kröyer in Grube, 1858), non-type (ZMB 3666); F, approach to neuropodial supracicular homogomph spiniger (chaet. 76) (arrow points barely thickened, evenly spaced teeth); G, anterior region, dorsal view; H, maxillary ring, frontal view (arrows point merged paragnaths); I, oral ring, dorsal view (arrow points distal portion of χ-shaped pattern); J, pharynx, ventral view; K, same, lateral view. Scale bars: A, D, H, 0.5 mm; B, C, G, I-K, 1 mm; E, F, 15 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4436934" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4436934/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="480">Fig. 7D</figureCitation>
). Notoacicular process developed from parapodia 5 to 23, digitiform, short.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA43693F46CBE59A760A27FFC0B71E0" blockId="17.[813,1457,1873,2027]" pageId="17" pageNumber="480">
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F46CBE59A760A27FFC007160" bold="true" box="[813,960,1873,1899]" pageId="17" pageNumber="480">Neuropodia.</emphasis>
Neuracicular ligule slightly longer than ventral ligule (
<figureCitation id="13202A16F46CBE59A7EAA25FFBC47187" box="[935,1028,1905,1932]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="18.[133,144,1657,1675]" captionTargetBox="[131,1454,215,1615]" captionTargetId="figure-105@18.[131,1454,213,1620]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIG. 7. — Perinereis latipalpa (Schmarda, 1861) n. comb.: A-E, topotype of Perinereis namibia Wilson &amp; Glasby, 1993, n. syn. (ZMB 4109b): A, maxillary ring of pharynx,frontal view; B, oral ring of pharynx, dorsal view (arrow points distal portion of λ-shaped pattern); C, same, ventral view; D, parapodium 74,anterior view; E, approach to homogomph spinigers (chaet.74), notopodial (left), neuropodial supracicular (right) (arrows point thickened,separated teeth).F-K, Perinereis vallata (Grube &amp; Kröyer in Grube, 1858), non-type (ZMB 3666); F, approach to neuropodial supracicular homogomph spiniger (chaet. 76) (arrow points barely thickened, evenly spaced teeth); G, anterior region, dorsal view; H, maxillary ring, frontal view (arrows point merged paragnaths); I, oral ring, dorsal view (arrow points distal portion of χ-shaped pattern); J, pharynx, ventral view; K, same, lateral view. Scale bars: A, D, H, 0.5 mm; B, C, G, I-K, 1 mm; E, F, 15 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4436934" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4436934/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="480">Fig. 7D</figureCitation>
). Superior lobe digitiform, projecting beyond end of neuracicular ligule in first 26 parapodia, reduced from parapodia 56. Ventral cirri smaller than ventral ligule.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF64661BF46FBE5AA4C8A357FB3670F7" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4436934" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4436934" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4436934/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="481" startId="18.[133,144,1657,1675]" targetBox="[131,1454,215,1615]" targetPageId="18">
<paragraph id="8BA43693F46FBE5AA4C8A357FB3670F7" blockId="18.[131,1457,1657,1791]" pageId="18" pageNumber="481">
FIG. 7. —
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D10F46FBE5AA49BA357FDCC7080" authority="(Schmarda, 1861)" authorityName="Villalobos-Guerrero" authorityYear="2019" baseAuthorityName="Schmarda" baseAuthorityYear="1861" box="[214,524,1657,1675]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Perinereis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="18" pageNumber="481" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="latipalpa" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F46FBE5AA49BA357FEB37080" box="[214,371,1657,1675]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="481">Perinereis latipalpa</emphasis>
(Schmarda, 1861)
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25C57FAF46FBE5AA65FA357FDA17080" box="[530,609,1657,1675]" pageId="18" pageNumber="481" rank="species">n. comb.</taxonomicNameLabel>
:
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F46FBE5AA62AA357FD477080" bold="true" box="[615,647,1657,1675]" pageId="18" pageNumber="481">A -E</emphasis>
, topotype of
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D10F46FBE5AA6B5A357FB967080" authority="Wilson &amp; Glasby, 1993" authorityName="Wilson &amp; Glasby" authorityYear="1993" box="[760,1110,1657,1675]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Perinereis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="18" pageNumber="481" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="namibia">
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F46FBE5AA6B5A357FC517080" box="[760,913,1657,1675]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="481">Perinereis namibia</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A4B62F46FBE5AA7DAA357FB967080" author="WILSON R. S. &amp; GLASBY C. J." box="[919,1110,1657,1675]" pageId="18" pageNumber="481" pagination="253 - 277" refId="ref29091" refString="WILSON R. S. &amp; GLASBY C. J. 1993. - A revision of the Perinereis nuntia species group (Polychaeta: Nereididae). Records of the Australian Museum 45 (3): 253 - 277. https: // doi. org / 10.385 3 / j. 0067 - 1975.45.1993.23" type="journal article" year="1993">Wilson &amp; Glasby, 1993</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25C57FAF46FBE5AA013A357FB577080" box="[1118,1175,1657,1675]" pageId="18" pageNumber="481">n. syn.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(ZMB 4109b):
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F46FBE5AA15EA357FAE07080" bold="true" box="[1299,1312,1657,1675]" pageId="18" pageNumber="481">A</emphasis>
, maxillary ring of pharynx,frontal view;
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F46FBE5AA574A3BEFE8670A9" bold="true" box="[313,326,1680,1698]" pageId="18" pageNumber="481">B</emphasis>
, oral ring of pharynx, dorsal view (arrow points distal portion of λ- shaped pattern);
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F46FBE5AA7A4A3A1FC3770AA" bold="true" box="[1001,1015,1679,1697]" pageId="18" pageNumber="481">C</emphasis>
, same, ventral view;
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F46FBE5AA0EFA3BEFB7070A9" bold="true" box="[1186,1200,1680,1698]" pageId="18" pageNumber="481">D</emphasis>
, parapodium 74,anterior view;
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F46FBE5AA4C8A388FF5170B3" bold="true" box="[133,145,1702,1720]" pageId="18" pageNumber="481">E</emphasis>
, approach to homogomph spinigers (chaet.74), notopodial (left), neuropodial supracicular (right) (arrows point thickened,separated teeth).
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F46FBE5AA0B0A388FADC70B3" bold="true" box="[1277,1308,1702,1720]" pageId="18" pageNumber="481">F -K</emphasis>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D10F46FBE5AA16BA388FE5070C4" authority="(Grube &amp; Kroyer in Grube, 1858)" baseAuthorityName="Grube &amp; Kroyer in Grube" baseAuthorityYear="1858" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Perinereis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="18" pageNumber="481" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="vallata">
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F46FBE5AA16BA388FA6F70B3" box="[1318,1455,1702,1720]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="481">Perinereis vallata</emphasis>
(Grube &amp; Kröyer
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F46FBE5AA543A393FEDD70C4" box="[270,285,1725,1743]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="481">in</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A4B62F46FBE5AA56CA393FE4C70C4" author="GRUBE A. E." box="[289,396,1725,1743]" pageId="18" pageNumber="481" pagination="158 - 186" refId="ref26479" refString="GRUBE A. E. 1858. - Annulata orstediana. Enumeratio Annulatorum, quae in itinere per Indiam occidentalem et Americam centralem annis 1845 - 1848 suscepto legit cl. A. S. Orsted, adjectis speciebus nonnullis a cl. H. Kroyero in itinere ad Americam meridionalem collectis, (Fortsaettelse [continued]) [2. Familia Euniceae - F. Syllidea]. Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra Dansk Naturhistorisk Forening for 1857: 158 - 186. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 110674 # page / 159" type="journal article" year="1858">Grube, 1858</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, non-type (ZMB 3666);
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F46FBE5AA61DA393FD9B70C4" bold="true" box="[592,603,1725,1743]" pageId="18" pageNumber="481">F</emphasis>
, approach to neuropodial supracicular homogomph spiniger (chaet. 76) (arrow points barely thickened, evenly spaced teeth);
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F46FBE5AA577A3FDFE8870EE" bold="true" box="[314,328,1747,1765]" pageId="18" pageNumber="481">G</emphasis>
, anterior region, dorsal view;
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F46FBE5AA671A3FAFD8A70ED" bold="true" box="[572,586,1748,1766]" pageId="18" pageNumber="481">H</emphasis>
, maxillary ring, frontal view (arrows point merged paragnaths);
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F46FBE5AA01FA3FAFB9870ED" bold="true" box="[1106,1112,1748,1766]" pageId="18" pageNumber="481">I</emphasis>
, oral ring, dorsal view (arrow points distal portion of χ- shaped pattern);
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F46FBE5AA53AA3C4FE4170F7" bold="true" box="[375,385,1770,1788]" pageId="18" pageNumber="481">J</emphasis>
, pharynx, ventral view;
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F46FBE5AA60AA3C4FD9470F7" bold="true" box="[583,596,1770,1788]" pageId="18" pageNumber="481">K</emphasis>
, same, lateral view. Scale bars: A, D, H, 0.5 mm; B, C, G, I-K, 1 mm; E, F, 15 µm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BA43693F46FBE5AA4C9A21FFD9D71E0" blockId="18.[129,775,1841,2028]" pageId="18" pageNumber="481">
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F46FBE5AA4C9A21FFF257140" bold="true" box="[132,229,1841,1867]" pageId="18" pageNumber="481">Chaetae.</emphasis>
Homogomph spinigers with blade bearing few first proximal teeth thickened and notoriously separated (
<figureCitation id="13202A16F46FBE5AA6E4A27FFD397167" box="[681,761,1873,1900]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="18.[133,144,1657,1675]" captionTargetBox="[131,1454,215,1615]" captionTargetId="figure-105@18.[131,1454,213,1620]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIG. 7. — Perinereis latipalpa (Schmarda, 1861) n. comb.: A-E, topotype of Perinereis namibia Wilson &amp; Glasby, 1993, n. syn. (ZMB 4109b): A, maxillary ring of pharynx,frontal view; B, oral ring of pharynx, dorsal view (arrow points distal portion of λ-shaped pattern); C, same, ventral view; D, parapodium 74,anterior view; E, approach to homogomph spinigers (chaet.74), notopodial (left), neuropodial supracicular (right) (arrows point thickened,separated teeth).F-K, Perinereis vallata (Grube &amp; Kröyer in Grube, 1858), non-type (ZMB 3666); F, approach to neuropodial supracicular homogomph spiniger (chaet. 76) (arrow points barely thickened, evenly spaced teeth); G, anterior region, dorsal view; H, maxillary ring, frontal view (arrows point merged paragnaths); I, oral ring, dorsal view (arrow points distal portion of χ-shaped pattern); J, pharynx, ventral view; K, same, lateral view. Scale bars: A, D, H, 0.5 mm; B, C, G, I-K, 1 mm; E, F, 15 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4436934" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4436934/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="481">Fig. 7E</figureCitation>
). Heterogomph spinigers present in all chaetigers, blade with proximal teeth barely thickened, evenly spaced. Falcigers in both fascicles with medium blade (
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F46FBE5AA647A29FFDEA71C0" box="[522,554,1969,1995]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="481">b/a</emphasis>
= 1.47-1.76 times), serrated region 0.44-0.53 total blade length.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA43693F46FBE5AA70EA21FFC2D7167" blockId="18.[813,1455,1841,1900]" pageId="18" pageNumber="481">
Other characteristics well described and drawn in
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A4B62F46FBE5AA12CA21FFA6F7140" author="WILSON R. S. &amp; GLASBY C. J." box="[1377,1455,1841,1867]" pageId="18" pageNumber="481" pagination="253 - 277" refId="ref29091" refString="WILSON R. S. &amp; GLASBY C. J. 1993. - A revision of the Perinereis nuntia species group (Polychaeta: Nereididae). Records of the Australian Museum 45 (3): 253 - 277. https: // doi. org / 10.385 3 / j. 0067 - 1975.45.1993.23" type="journal article" year="1993">Wilson</bibRefCitation>
&amp; Glasby (1993).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA43693F46FBE5AA760A2BCFC5171A1" blockId="18.[811,1456,1938,2030]" box="[813,913,1938,1964]" pageId="18" pageNumber="481">REMARKS</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA43693F46FBE5BA760A29FFD9A779A" blockId="18.[811,1456,1938,2030]" lastBlockId="19.[130,777,215,2028]" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="482" pageId="18" pageNumber="481">
Schmarda (1861) described 16 new species of nereidids in two genera,
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D10F46FBE5AA730A2FCFB4A71E0" authority="Orsted, 1843" authorityName="Orsted" authorityYear="1843" box="[893,1162,2001,2030]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Heteronereis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="18" pageNumber="481" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F46FBE5AA730A2FCFC3971E0" box="[893,1017,2002,2027]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="481">Heteronereis</emphasis>
Örsted, 1843
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D10F46FBE5AA0F1A2FCFB3A71E0" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[1212,1274,2002,2027]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Nereis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="18" pageNumber="481" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F46FBE5AA0F1A2FCFB3A71E0" box="[1212,1274,2002,2027]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="481">Nereis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. In the preface of his work, he simultaneously referred
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D10F46EBE5BA64BA5F6FF79771A" authority="Schmarda, 1861" authorityName="Schmarda" authorityYear="1861" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Mastigonereis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="19" pageNumber="482" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F46EBE5BA64BA5F6FD5076FA" box="[518,656,216,241]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="482">Mastigonereis</emphasis>
Schmarda, 1861
</taxonomicName>
and
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F46EBE5BA4A0A5D9FE94771A" box="[237,340,247,273]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="482">Nereilepas</emphasis>
de Blainville, 1828 as subgenera of
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D10F46EBE5BA68FA5D6FCC0771A" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[706,768,248,273]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Nereis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="19" pageNumber="482" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F46EBE5BA68FA5D6FCC0771A" box="[706,768,248,273]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="482">Nereis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Although they were not represented as such in the descriptions, it was clear that he considered subdivisions in
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D10F46EBE5BA68DA416FD3F775A" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[704,767,312,337]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Nereis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="19" pageNumber="482" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F46EBE5BA68DA416FD3F775A" box="[704,767,312,337]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="482">Nereis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Therefore, I herein refer the subgeneric level for Schmardas new species, including
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D10F46EBE5BA530A459FD94779A" authorityName="Villalobos-Guerrero" authorityYear="2019" baseAuthorityName="Schmarda" baseAuthorityYear="1861" box="[381,596,375,401]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Perinereis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="19" pageNumber="482" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="latipalpa" subGenus="Nereis">
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F46EBE5BA530A459FE59779B" box="[381,409,375,400]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="482">N.</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F46EBE5BA5E5A459FE27779B" box="[424,487,375,400]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="482">Nereis</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F46EBE5BA5B5A459FD94779A" box="[504,596,375,401]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="482">latipalpa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA43693F46EBE5BA4D6A4B8FDD47544" blockId="19.[130,777,215,2028]" pageId="19" pageNumber="482">
Schmarda (1861) described
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D10F46EBE5BA590A4B9FD0177BB" authorityName="Villalobos-Guerrero" authorityYear="2019" baseAuthorityName="Schmarda" baseAuthorityYear="1861" box="[477,705,406,433]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Perinereis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="19" pageNumber="482" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="latipalpa" subGenus="Nereis">
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F46EBE5BA590A4B9FE3A77BB" box="[477,506,407,432]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="482">N.</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F46EBE5BA641A4B9FD8E77BB" box="[524,590,407,432]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="482">Nereis</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F46EBE5BA62CA4B8FD0177BB" box="[609,705,406,432]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="482">latipalpa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
using specimens collected by himself in Table Bay during his visit to
<collectingRegion id="49DFF871F46EBE5BA4CFA4F8FF7A77FB" box="[130,186,470,496]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="19" pageNumber="482">Cape</collectingRegion>
Town (
<collectingCountry id="F30C7603F46EBE5BA545A4F8FE5277FA" box="[264,402,470,497]" name="South Africa" pageId="19" pageNumber="482">South Africa</collectingCountry>
) in February-June 1854 (see details in Appendix). The type material of
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D10F46EBE5BA5BFA4D9FD06741B" authorityName="Villalobos-Guerrero" authorityYear="2019" baseAuthorityName="Schmarda" baseAuthorityYear="1861" box="[498,710,502,529]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Perinereis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="19" pageNumber="482" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="latipalpa" subGenus="Nereis">
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F46EBE5BA5BFA4D9FDCE741B" box="[498,526,503,528]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="482">N.</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F46EBE5BA653A4D9FD9D741B" box="[542,605,503,528]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="482">Nereis</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F46EBE5BA626A4D8FD06741B" box="[619,710,502,528]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="482">latipalpa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is still deposited at the NHMW. It consists of nine
<typeStatus id="54A08831F46EBE5BA616A739FD79743A" box="[603,697,535,561]" pageId="19" pageNumber="482" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
, which match the original description (Schmarda 1861); the best specimen preserved is here designated as
<typeStatus id="54A08831F46EBE5BA67AA778FD59747B" box="[567,665,598,624]" pageId="19" pageNumber="482" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
(NMHW 769a), whereas the others as
<typeStatus id="54A08831F46EBE5BA5F5A758FD91749B" box="[440,593,630,656]" pageId="19" pageNumber="482" type="paralectotype">paralectotypes</typeStatus>
(NMHW 769b, 770, 771). The size and number of chaetigers of the
<typeStatus id="54A08831F46EBE5BA6E8A7B8FCC674BB" box="[677,774,662,688]" pageId="19" pageNumber="482" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
do not fit the specimen described by Schmarda; nevertheless, it was the only specimen dissected among the type material, agreeing with dissected parts mentioned and illustrated by Schmarda: one jaw, and one anterior (chaet. 13) and posterior (chaet. 78) parapodia, which are lost.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA43693F46EBE5BA4D6A678FD2E7225" blockId="19.[130,777,215,2028]" pageId="19" pageNumber="482">
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A4B62F46EBE5BA4D6A678FEBD757B" author="DE QUATREFAGES A." box="[155,381,853,880]" pageId="19" pageNumber="482" refId="ref25121" refString="DE QUATREFAGES A. 1866. - Histoire naturelle des Anneles marins et d'Eau douce: Annelides et Gephyriens. Tome Premier. Librairie Encyclopedique de Roret, Paris, 588 p. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 214290 # page / 7" type="book" year="1866">De Quatrefages (1866)</bibRefCitation>
recognized
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D10F46EBE5BA5A3A678FDA07564" authorityName="Villalobos-Guerrero" authorityYear="2019" baseAuthorityName="Schmarda" baseAuthorityYear="1861" box="[494,608,853,879]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Perinereis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="19" pageNumber="482" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="latipalpa">
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F46EBE5BA5A3A678FDA07564" box="[494,608,853,879]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="482">N.latipalpa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as a valid species.
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A4B62F46EBE5BA4CFA65BFEE77584" author="KINBERG J. G. H." box="[130,295,885,912]" pageId="19" pageNumber="482" pagination="167 - 179" refId="ref27438" refString="KINBERG J. G. H. 1865. - Annulata nova. Nereidum dispositio nova. Ofversigt af Kongelige Vetenskaps-Akademiens Forhandlingar 22: 167 - 179. http: // biostor. org / reference / 105758" type="journal article" year="1865">Kinberg (1865)</bibRefCitation>
, based on a specimen collected in
<collectingRegion id="49DFF871F46EBE5BA6C0A65BFD037584" box="[653,707,885,911]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="19" pageNumber="482">Cape</collectingRegion>
Town and on the description of
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D10F46EBE5BA5DDA6B8FDCA75A4" authorityName="Villalobos-Guerrero" authorityYear="2019" baseAuthorityName="Schmarda" baseAuthorityYear="1861" box="[400,522,917,943]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Perinereis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="19" pageNumber="482" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="latipalpa">
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F46EBE5BA5DDA6B8FDCA75A4" box="[400,522,917,943]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="482">N. latipalpa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by Schmarda, described a new species,
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D10F46EBE5BA550A69BFE1875C4" authorityName="Kinberg" authorityYear="1865" box="[285,472,949,975]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Neanthes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="19" pageNumber="482" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="latipalpa">
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F46EBE5BA550A69BFE1875C4" box="[285,472,949,975]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="482">Neanthes latipalpa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but he was not entirely sure whether it was the same species as Schmardas since the latter did not consider the paragnaths arrangement, a relevant feature used by Kinberg to distinguish nereidid genera and species.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA43693F46EBE5BA4D6A11BFCC07366" blockId="19.[130,777,215,2028]" pageId="19" pageNumber="482">
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A4B62F46EBE5BA4D6A11BFE6C7244" author="VON MARENZELLER E." box="[155,428,1076,1103]" pageId="19" pageNumber="482" pagination="1 - 24" refId="ref28777" refString="VON MARENZELLER E. 1888. - Polychaten der Angra Pequena-Bucht. Zoologische Jahrbucher, Abteilung fur Systematik, Geographie und Biologie derTiere 3 (1): 1 - 24. http: // biostor. org / reference / 181107" type="journal article" year="1888">Von Marenzeller (1888)</bibRefCitation>
, after an examination of some polychaetes from Angra Pequena Bay (now as Lüderitz Bay), noticed the morphological similarities between the Namibian and
<collectingRegion id="49DFF871F46EBE5BA4FDA1BAFF2872A5" box="[176,232,1172,1198]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="19" pageNumber="482">Cape</collectingRegion>
of Good Hope specimens. Further, he realized that
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D10F46EBE5BA4CEA19BFEA672C5" authorityName="Kinberg" authorityYear="1865" box="[131,358,1204,1230]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Neanthes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="19" pageNumber="482" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="latipalpa" subGenus="Nereis">
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F46EBE5BA4CEA19BFF5F72C5" box="[131,159,1205,1230]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="482">N.</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F46EBE5BA4FEA19BFF3472C5" box="[179,244,1205,1230]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="482">Nereis</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F46EBE5BA54AA19AFEA672C5" box="[263,358,1204,1230]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="482">latipalpa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by Schmarda and
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D10F46EBE5BA670A19AFCC772C5" authorityName="Kinberg" authorityYear="1865" box="[573,775,1204,1230]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Neanthes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="19" pageNumber="482" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="latipalpa">
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F46EBE5BA670A19AFCC772C5" box="[573,775,1204,1230]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="482">Neanthes latipalpa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by Kinberg are the same species because of the shape of the parapodia. Thus, he synonymized
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D10F46EBE5BA5B7A1DAFD1A7306" authority="Kinberg" authorityName="Kinberg" authorityYear="1865" box="[506,730,1267,1293]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Neanthes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="19" pageNumber="482" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="latipalpa">
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F46EBE5BA5B7A1DAFDBA7306" box="[506,634,1267,1293]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="482">N. latipalpa</emphasis>
Kinberg
</taxonomicName>
but transferred
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D10F46EBE5BA54DA03AFD8A7326" authority="Schmarda" authorityName="Schmarda" box="[256,586,1299,1326]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Neanthes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="19" pageNumber="482" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="latipalpa" subGenus="Nereis">
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F46EBE5BA54DA03AFEDC7326" box="[256,284,1300,1325]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="482">N.</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F46EBE5BA561A03AFEAB7326" box="[300,363,1300,1325]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="482">Nereis</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F46EBE5BA531A03DFE187326" box="[380,472,1299,1325]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="482">latipalpa</emphasis>
Schmarda
</taxonomicName>
to
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D10F46EBE5BA622A03DFF3A7345" authority="Kinberg, 1865" authorityName="Kinberg" authorityYear="1865" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Neanthes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="19" pageNumber="482" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F46EBE5BA622A03DFD0D7326" box="[623,717,1299,1325]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="482">Neanthes</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A4B62F46EBE5BA698A03DFF3A7345" author="KINBERG J. G. H." pageId="19" pageNumber="482" pagination="167 - 179" refId="ref27438" refString="KINBERG J. G. H. 1865. - Annulata nova. Nereidum dispositio nova. Ofversigt af Kongelige Vetenskaps-Akademiens Forhandlingar 22: 167 - 179. http: // biostor. org / reference / 105758" type="journal article" year="1865">Kinberg, 1865</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, the latter following the Kinbergs classification of genera by using the pharyngeal arrangement of paragnaths.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA43693F46EBE5BA4D6A05DFD2A7147" blockId="19.[130,777,215,2028]" pageId="19" pageNumber="482">
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A4B62F46EBE5BA4D6A05DFEED7385" author="EHLERS E." box="[155,301,1395,1422]" pageId="19" pageNumber="482" refId="ref25376" refString="EHLERS E. 1901. - Die Polychaeten des magellanischen und chilenischen Strandes: Ein faunistischer Versuch. Festschrift zur Feier des 150 jahrigen Bestehens der Koniglichen Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften zu Gottingen. Weidmannsche, Berlin, 232 p." type="book" year="1901">Ehlers (1901)</bibRefCitation>
, who certainly did not recognize as valid
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D10F46EBE5BA6ACA05AFF0473A6" authorityName="Kinberg" authorityYear="1865" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Neanthes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="19" pageNumber="482" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F46EBE5BA6ACA05AFF0473A6" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="482">Neanthes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and other Kinbergs nereidid genera (see
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A4B62F46EBE5BA63AA0BDFD3773A6" author="EHLERS E." box="[631,759,1427,1453]" pageId="19" pageNumber="482" pagination="269 - 748" refId="ref25274" refString="EHLERS E. 1868. - Die Borstenwurmer (Annelida Chaetopoda) nach Systematischen und Anatomischen Untersuchungen. Verlag von Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig, xx + 269, 269 - 748. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 2081" type="journal article" year="1868">Ehlers 1868</bibRefCitation>
), examined the
<typeStatus id="54A08831F46EBE5BA55BA09DFE8373C6" box="[278,323,1459,1485]" pageId="19" pageNumber="482">type</typeStatus>
material and some specimens of
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D10F46EBE5BA6DAA09AFE8C73E6" authority="Schmarda" authorityName="Schmarda" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Neanthes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="19" pageNumber="482" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="latipalpa" subGenus="Nereis">
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F46EBE5BA6DAA09AFD7273C6" box="[663,690,1460,1485]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="482">N.</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F46EBE5BA68DA09AFD3E73C6" box="[704,766,1460,1485]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="482">Nereis</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F46EBE5BA4C9A0FDFF1D73E6" box="[132,221,1491,1517]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="482">latipalpa</emphasis>
Schmarda
</taxonomicName>
from Angra Pequena, regarding the species as a junior synonym of
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D10F46EBE5BA5CCA0DDFDCD7006" box="[385,525,1523,1549]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Nereis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="19" pageNumber="482" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="vallata">
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F46EBE5BA5CCA0DDFDCD7006" box="[385,525,1523,1549]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="482">Nereis vallata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(currently in
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D10F46EBE5BA6EEA0DDFEAE7026" authority="sensu Hartman 1959" authorityName="Hartman" authorityYear="1959" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Perinereis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="19" pageNumber="482" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F46EBE5BA6EEA0DDFCC57007" box="[675,773,1523,1548]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="482">Perinereis</emphasis>
sensu
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A4B62F46EBE5BA485A33DFEAE7026" author="HARTMAN O." box="[200,366,1554,1581]" pageId="19" pageNumber="482" pagination="1 - 628" refId="ref26861" refString="HARTMAN O. 1959. - Catalogue of the polychaetous annelids of the world. Allan Hancock Foundation Publications, Occasional Paper 23: 1 - 628." type="journal article" year="1959">Hartman 1959</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
). Later,
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A4B62F46EBE5BA583A33CFDAA7026" author="WILLEY A." box="[462,618,1554,1581]" pageId="19" pageNumber="482" pagination="255 - 268" refId="ref28948" refString="WILLEY A. 1904. - Littoral Polychaeta from the Cape of Good Hope. Transactions of the Linnean Society of London, Series 2, Zoology 9 (6): 255 - 268. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1904. tb 00450. x" type="journal article" year="1904">Willey (1904)</bibRefCitation>
examined the
<typeStatus id="54A08831F46EBE5BA4CBA31DFF747046" box="[134,180,1587,1613]" pageId="19" pageNumber="482">type</typeStatus>
specimen of
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D10F46EBE5BA508A31CFDC57047" box="[325,517,1586,1612]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Neanthes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="19" pageNumber="482" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="latipalpa">
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F46EBE5BA508A31CFDC57047" box="[325,517,1586,1612]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="482">Neanthes latipalpa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and confirmed the synonymy proposed by
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A4B62F46EBE5BA513A37DFD9B7066" author="VON MARENZELLER E." box="[350,603,1618,1645]" pageId="19" pageNumber="482" pagination="1 - 24" refId="ref28777" refString="VON MARENZELLER E. 1888. - Polychaten der Angra Pequena-Bucht. Zoologische Jahrbucher, Abteilung fur Systematik, Geographie und Biologie derTiere 3 (1): 1 - 24. http: // biostor. org / reference / 181107" type="journal article" year="1888">von Marenzeller (1888)</bibRefCitation>
, but established a trinominal name,
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D10F46EBE5BA518A35DFDD47087" authorityName="Willey" authorityYear="1904" box="[341,532,1650,1676]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Neanthes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="19" pageNumber="482" phylum="Annelida" rank="subSpecies" species="latipalpa" subSpecies="typica">
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F46EBE5BA518A35DFDD47087" box="[341,532,1650,1676]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="482">N. latipalpa typica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, to emphasize that it is barely different to
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D10F46EBE5BA573A3BDFDDF70A7" box="[318,543,1682,1708]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Neanthes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="19" pageNumber="482" phylum="Annelida" rank="subSpecies" species="latipalpa" subSpecies="brevicirris">
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F46EBE5BA573A3BDFDDF70A7" box="[318,543,1682,1708]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="482">N. latipalpa brevicirris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(currently as
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D10F46EBE5BA6EAA3BDFE1070C6" authority="sensu Hartman 1959" authorityName="sensu Hartman" authorityYear="1959" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Perinereis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="19" pageNumber="482" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="brevicirris">
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F46EBE5BA6EAA3BDFF2A70C7" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="482">Perinereis brevicirris</emphasis>
sensu
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A4B62F46EBE5BA57DA39DFE1070C6" author="HARTMAN O." box="[304,464,1714,1741]" pageId="19" pageNumber="482" pagination="1 - 628" refId="ref26861" refString="HARTMAN O. 1959. - Catalogue of the polychaetous annelids of the world. Allan Hancock Foundation Publications, Occasional Paper 23: 1 - 628." type="journal article" year="1959">Hartman 1959</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
). Afterward,
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A4B62F46EBE5BA613A39CFCC770C6" author="AUGENER H." box="[606,775,1714,1741]" pageId="19" pageNumber="482" pagination="67 - 625" refId="ref24481" refString="AUGENER H. 1918. - Polychaeta. Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Meeresfauna Westafrikas 2 (2): 67 - 625. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 7400" type="journal article" year="1918">Augener (1918)</bibRefCitation>
reinforced Ehlers assumptions and considered
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D10F46EBE5BA6CAA3FDFF007107" authorityName="Willey" authorityYear="1904" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Neanthes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="19" pageNumber="482" phylum="Annelida" rank="subSpecies" species="latipalpa" subSpecies="typica">
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F46EBE5BA6CAA3FDFF007107" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="482">N. latipalpa typica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as identical to
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D10F46EBE5BA525A3DDFE127107" box="[360,466,1778,1804]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Nereis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="19" pageNumber="482" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="vallata">
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F46EBE5BA525A3DDFE127107" box="[360,466,1778,1804]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="482">N. vallata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but placed in the subgenus
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D10F46EBE5BA4C9A23CFE0C7127" authority="(sensu Augener 1913)" baseAuthorityName="sensu Augener" baseAuthorityYear="1913" box="[132,460,1810,1836]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Perinereis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="19" pageNumber="482" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F46EBE5BA4C9A23CFF267120" box="[132,230,1810,1835]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="482">Perinereis</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F46EBE5BA4B9A23CFEE87120" box="[244,296,1810,1835]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="482">sensu</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A4B62F46EBE5BA560A23CFE037127" author="AUGENER H." box="[301,451,1810,1836]" pageId="19" pageNumber="482" pagination="65 - 304" refId="ref24415" refString="AUGENER H. 1913. - Polychaeta I, Errantia, in MICHAELSEN W. &amp; HARTMEYER R. (eds.), Die Fauna Sudwest-Australiens. Ergebnisse der Hamburger sudwest-australischen Forschungsreise 1905. Volume IV, Lieferung 5. Gustav Fischer, Jena: 65 - 304. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 31515 # page / 3" type="book chapter" year="1913">Augener 1913</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
by having, among other characters, a continuous transverse line of paragnaths on AVI.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA43693F46EBE5BA4D6A27FFB1E745B" blockId="19.[130,777,215,2028]" lastBlockId="19.[811,1458,215,2028]" pageId="19" pageNumber="482">
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A4B62F46EBE5BA4D6A27FFEE67167" author="FAUVEL P." box="[155,294,1873,1900]" pageId="19" pageNumber="482" pagination="315 - 473" refId="ref25806" refString="FAUVEL P. 1919. - Annelides polychetes de Madagascar, de Djibouti et du Golfe Persique. Archives de Zoologie experimentale et Generale 58: 315 - 473. https: // biostor. org / reference / 59085" type="journal article" year="1919">Fauvel (1919</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A4B62F46EBE5BA57FA27CFEAC7167" author="FAUVEL P." box="[306,364,1874,1900]" pageId="19" pageNumber="482" pagination="1 - 32" refId="ref25846" refString="FAUVEL P. 1921. - Polychetes de Madagascar, du Museum d'Histoire naturelle recueillies par M. le Dr W. Kaudern en 1912. Arkiv for Zoologi 13: 1 - 32. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 30139 # page / 597" type="journal article" year="1921">1921</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A4B62F46EBE5BA538A27CFE6F7167" author="FAUVEL P." box="[373,431,1874,1900]" pageId="19" pageNumber="482" pagination="1 - 262" refId="ref25961" refString="FAUVEL P. 1932. - Annelida Polychaeta of the Indian Museum, Calcutta. Memoirs of the Indian Museum 12: 1 - 262. http: // www. southasiaarchive. com / Content / sarf. 100012 / 203784 / 002 (last consultation 28 / 10 / 2019)." type="journal article" year="1932">1932</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A4B62F46EBE5BA5F4A27FFE327167" author="FAUVEL P." box="[441,498,1873,1900]" pageId="19" pageNumber="482" refId="ref26055" refString="FAUVEL P. 1953. - The fauna of India including Pakistan, Ceylon, Burma and Malaya. Annelida Polychaeta. The Indian Press Ltd, Allahabad, 507 p. http: // faunaofindia. nic. in / php / fi / fi _ books _ toc. php? book _ id = 056 &amp; type = fi &amp; book _ title = Annelida + % 3 A + Polychaeta (last consultation 28 / 10 / 2019)." type="book" year="1953">1953</bibRefCitation>
) grouped the species morphologically similar to
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D10F46EBE5BA539A25CFDE07180" baseAuthorityName="Wilson &amp; Glasby" baseAuthorityYear="1993" box="[372,544,1906,1931]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Perinereis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="19" pageNumber="482" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="nuntia">
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F46EBE5BA539A25CFDE07180" box="[372,544,1906,1931]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="482">Perinereis nuntia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, mainly characterized by having an arc of paragnaths on AVI.Within the subspecies of this group,
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D10F46EBE5BA559A29CFE2871C0" baseAuthorityName="Grube" baseAuthorityYear="1857" box="[276,488,1969,1996]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Perinereis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="19" pageNumber="482" phylum="Annelida" rank="variety" species="nuntia" variety="vallata">
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F46EBE5BA559A29CFEB171C0" box="[276,369,1970,1995]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="482">P. nuntia</emphasis>
var.
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F46EBE5BA5EFA29FFE2871C0" box="[418,488,1969,1995]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="482">vallata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was different from the others by having AI= 1-3, AV =1, most extended tentacular cirri reaching chaetigers 7-8, and dorsal cirri subequal to dorsal ligule or slightly smaller. Fauvel considered the species as having a wide distribution (the Red Sea,
<collectingCountry id="F30C7603F46EBE5BA0AAA439FAE2773A" box="[1255,1314,279,305]" name="India" pageId="19" pageNumber="482">India</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F30C7603F46EBE5BA160A439FA6D773A" box="[1325,1453,279,305]" name="Madagascar" pageId="19" pageNumber="482">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F30C7603F46EBE5BA760A419FC7C775A" box="[813,956,311,337]" name="South Africa" pageId="19" pageNumber="482">South Africa</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F30C7603F46EBE5BA784A419FB54775A" box="[969,1172,311,337]" name="Philippines" pageId="19" pageNumber="482">Philippine Islands</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F30C7603F46EBE5BA0ECA419FAFA775A" box="[1185,1338,311,337]" name="New Zealand" pageId="19" pageNumber="482">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F30C7603F46EBE5BA10AA419FA6B775A" box="[1351,1451,311,337]" name="Australia" pageId="19" pageNumber="482">Australia</collectingCountry>
, and
<collectingCountry id="F30C7603F46EBE5BA713A479FC5B7779" box="[862,923,343,370]" name="Chile" pageId="19" pageNumber="482">Chile</collectingCountry>
) based on the records of the species under several names. Also,
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A4B62F46EBE5BA7F1A459FB89779A" author="FAUVEL P." box="[956,1097,375,401]" pageId="19" pageNumber="482" pagination="315 - 473" refId="ref25806" refString="FAUVEL P. 1919. - Annelides polychetes de Madagascar, de Djibouti et du Golfe Persique. Archives de Zoologie experimentale et Generale 58: 315 - 473. https: // biostor. org / reference / 59085" type="journal article" year="1919">Fauvel (1919</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A4B62F46EBE5BA01AA459FB51779A" author="FAUVEL P." box="[1111,1169,375,401]" pageId="19" pageNumber="482" pagination="1 - 32" refId="ref25846" refString="FAUVEL P. 1921. - Polychetes de Madagascar, du Museum d'Histoire naturelle recueillies par M. le Dr W. Kaudern en 1912. Arkiv for Zoologi 13: 1 - 32. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 30139 # page / 597" type="journal article" year="1921">1921</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A4B62F46EBE5BA0D1A459FB17779A" author="FAUVEL P." box="[1180,1239,375,401]" pageId="19" pageNumber="482" pagination="1 - 262" refId="ref25961" refString="FAUVEL P. 1932. - Annelida Polychaeta of the Indian Museum, Calcutta. Memoirs of the Indian Museum 12: 1 - 262. http: // www. southasiaarchive. com / Content / sarf. 100012 / 203784 / 002 (last consultation 28 / 10 / 2019)." type="journal article" year="1932">1932</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A4B62F46EBE5BA0AFA458FADB779A" author="FAUVEL P." box="[1250,1307,374,401]" pageId="19" pageNumber="482" refId="ref26055" refString="FAUVEL P. 1953. - The fauna of India including Pakistan, Ceylon, Burma and Malaya. Annelida Polychaeta. The Indian Press Ltd, Allahabad, 507 p. http: // faunaofindia. nic. in / php / fi / fi _ books _ toc. php? book _ id = 056 &amp; type = fi &amp; book _ title = Annelida + % 3 A + Polychaeta (last consultation 28 / 10 / 2019)." type="book" year="1953">1953</bibRefCitation>
) still retained Schmarda, Kinberg and Willeys
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D10F46EBE5BA0DEA4B9FAD477BB" box="[1171,1300,406,432]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Neanthes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="19" pageNumber="482" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="latipalpa">
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F46EBE5BA0DEA4B9FAD477BB" box="[1171,1300,406,432]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="482">N. latipalpa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as a synonym of
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D10F46EBE5BA707A499FBE577DB" baseAuthorityName="Grube" baseAuthorityYear="1857" box="[842,1061,438,465]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Perinereis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="19" pageNumber="482" phylum="Annelida" rank="variety" species="nuntia" variety="vallata">
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F46EBE5BA707A499FC6977DB" box="[842,937,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="482">P. nuntia</emphasis>
var.
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F46EBE5BA793A498FBE577DB" box="[990,1061,438,464]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="482">vallata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; and since then, the three
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D10F46EBE5BA10BA498FA6277DB" box="[1350,1442,438,464]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Neanthes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="19" pageNumber="482" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="latipalpa">
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F46EBE5BA10BA498FA6277DB" box="[1350,1442,438,464]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="482">latipalpa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
s names have not been recognized (e.g. Hartmann-Schröder 1962; Wesenberg-Lund 1962), except by
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A4B62F46EBE5BA0B4A4D9FA68741B" author="HARTMAN O." box="[1273,1448,502,529]" pageId="19" pageNumber="482" pagination="1 - 137" refId="ref26827" refString="HARTMAN O. 1949. - The marine annelids erected by Kinberg with notes on some other types in the Swedish State Museum. Arkiv for Zoologi 42 A: 1 - 137." type="journal article" year="1949">Hartman (1949</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A4B62F46EBE5BA760A738FCAA743A" author="HARTMAN O." box="[813,874,534,561]" pageId="19" pageNumber="482" pagination="1 - 628" refId="ref26861" refString="HARTMAN O. 1959. - Catalogue of the polychaetous annelids of the world. Allan Hancock Foundation Publications, Occasional Paper 23: 1 - 628." type="journal article" year="1959">1959</bibRefCitation>
), who still retained the Kinbergs species as valid in
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D10F46EBE5BA762A718FC4D745B" authorityName="Kinberg" authorityYear="1865" box="[815,909,566,592]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Neanthes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="19" pageNumber="482" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F46EBE5BA762A718FC4D745B" box="[815,909,566,592]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="482">Neanthes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but details were not provided.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA43693F46EBE5BA70EA778FB2E7225" blockId="19.[811,1458,215,2028]" pageId="19" pageNumber="482">
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A4B62F46EBE5BA70EA778FB8A747B" author="HUTCHINGS P. A. &amp; REID A. &amp; WILSON R. S." box="[835,1098,598,624]" pageId="19" pageNumber="482" pagination="241 - 274" refId="ref27178" refString="HUTCHINGS P. A., REID A. &amp; WILSON R. S. 1991. - Perinereis (Polychaeta, Nereididae) from Australia, with redescriptions of six additional species. Records of the Australian Museum 43: 241 - 274. https: // doi. org / 10.3853 / j. 0067 - 1975.43.1991.47" type="journal article" year="1991">
Hutchings
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F46EBE5BA78DA779FC37747B" box="[960,1015,598,624]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="482">et al.</emphasis>
(1991)
</bibRefCitation>
established three groups within
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D10F46EBE5BA762A759FC55749B" baseAuthorityName="sensu Augener" baseAuthorityYear="1913" box="[815,917,631,656]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Perinereis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="19" pageNumber="482" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F46EBE5BA762A759FC55749B" box="[815,917,631,656]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="482">Perinereis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
according to the number of bars on AVI; those valid species more related to
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D10F46EBE5BA03BA7B8FB1974A4" baseAuthorityName="Wilson &amp; Glasby" baseAuthorityYear="1993" box="[1142,1241,662,687]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Perinereis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="19" pageNumber="482" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="nuntia">
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F46EBE5BA03BA7B8FB1974A4" box="[1142,1241,662,687]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="482">P. nuntia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were placed in the third group (AVI with numerous bars in an arc). A few years later,
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A4B62F46EBE5BA72BA7FBFBB074FB" author="WILSON R. S. &amp; GLASBY C. J." box="[870,1136,725,752]" pageId="19" pageNumber="482" pagination="253 - 277" refId="ref29091" refString="WILSON R. S. &amp; GLASBY C. J. 1993. - A revision of the Perinereis nuntia species group (Polychaeta: Nereididae). Records of the Australian Museum 45 (3): 253 - 277. https: // doi. org / 10.385 3 / j. 0067 - 1975.45.1993.23" type="journal article" year="1993">Wilson &amp; Glasby (1993)</bibRefCitation>
carried out a relevant study of 20 species within the
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D10F46EBE5BA04BA7D8FBA07504" baseAuthorityName="Wilson &amp; Glasby" baseAuthorityYear="1993" box="[1030,1120,758,783]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Perinereis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="19" pageNumber="482" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="nuntia">
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F46EBE5BA04BA7D8FBA07504" box="[1030,1120,758,783]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="482">P.nuntia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species complex.They restricted the morphology of the
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D10F46EBE5BA06BA638FB447524" baseAuthorityName="Wilson &amp; Glasby" baseAuthorityYear="1993" box="[1062,1156,790,815]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Perinereis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="19" pageNumber="482" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="nuntia">
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F46EBE5BA06BA638FB447524" box="[1062,1156,790,815]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="482">P. nuntia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
complex, redescribed some of the species using
<typeStatus id="54A08831F46EBE5BA043A618FB80755B" box="[1038,1088,822,848]" pageId="19" pageNumber="482">type</typeStatus>
, topotype or non-type materials, such as
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D10F46EBE5BA7CDA678FC1E7564" baseAuthorityName="Wilson &amp; Glasby" baseAuthorityYear="1993" box="[896,990,854,879]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Perinereis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="19" pageNumber="482" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="nuntia">
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F46EBE5BA7CDA678FC1E7564" box="[896,990,854,879]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="482">P. nuntia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D10F46EBE5BA05EA678FBB27564" box="[1043,1138,853,879]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Nereis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="19" pageNumber="482" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="vallata">
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F46EBE5BA05EA678FBB27564" box="[1043,1138,853,879]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="482">P. vallata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; also, they recognized as valid some previously synonymized species, and described two new ones:
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D10F46EBE5BA7D0A6B8FB8675A4" authorityName="Wilson &amp; Glasby" authorityYear="1993" box="[925,1094,917,943]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Perinereis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="19" pageNumber="482" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="akuna">
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F46EBE5BA7D0A6B8FB8675A4" box="[925,1094,917,943]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="482">Perinereis akuna</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<collectingRegion id="49DFF871F46EBE5BA01DA6BBFAD175A4" box="[1104,1297,917,943]" country="Australia" name="New South Wales" pageId="19" pageNumber="482">New South Wales</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="F30C7603F46EBE5BA157A6BBFABB75BB" box="[1306,1403,917,944]" name="Australia" pageId="19" pageNumber="482">Australia</collectingCountry>
) and
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D10F46EBE5BA766A69BFC5875C4" authorityName="Wilson &amp; Glasby" authorityYear="1993" box="[811,920,949,975]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Perinereis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="19" pageNumber="482" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="namibia">
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F46EBE5BA766A69BFC5875C4" box="[811,920,949,975]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="482">P. namibia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Lüderitz Bay,
<collectingCountry id="F30C7603F46EBE5BA078A69BFB5775DB" box="[1077,1175,949,976]" name="Namibia" pageId="19" pageNumber="482">Namibia</collectingCountry>
). Nevertheless, the authors overlooked
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D10F46EBE5BA7EBA6FBFBE175E5" box="[934,1057,980,1006]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Neanthes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="19" pageNumber="482" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="latipalpa">
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F46EBE5BA7EBA6FBFBE175E5" box="[934,1057,980,1006]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="482">N. latipalpa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
since it was not included in the source of synonyms of any species, particularly
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D10F46EBE5BA094A6DBFAF87205" box="[1241,1336,1012,1038]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Nereis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="19" pageNumber="482" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="vallata">
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F46EBE5BA094A6DBFAF87205" box="[1241,1336,1012,1038]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="482">P. vallata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, neither in the appendix at the end of the document.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA43693F46EBE5BA70EA11AFA6F7365" blockId="19.[811,1458,215,2028]" pageId="19" pageNumber="482">
After the comprehensive revision of the
<typeStatus id="54A08831F46EBE5BA14DA11BFAEE7244" box="[1280,1326,1077,1103]" pageId="19" pageNumber="482">type</typeStatus>
material of
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F46EBE5BA763A17BFC4B7265" box="[814,907,1109,1134]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="482">
N.
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D10F46EBE5BA700A17BFC4B7265" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[845,907,1109,1134]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Nereis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="19" pageNumber="482" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">Nereis</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
)
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D10F46EBE5BA7D4A17AFBA37265" authority="Schmarda" authorityName="Schmarda" box="[921,1123,1108,1134]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Neanthes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="19" pageNumber="482" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="latipalpa">
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F46EBE5BA7D4A17AFC337265" box="[921,1011,1108,1134]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="482">latipalpa</emphasis>
Schmarda
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D10F46EBE5BA021A17AFA437265" authority="Kinberg" authorityName="Kinberg" authorityYear="1865" box="[1132,1411,1108,1134]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Neanthes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="19" pageNumber="482" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="latipalpa">
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F46EBE5BA021A17AFAE87265" box="[1132,1320,1108,1134]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="482">Neanthes latipalpa</emphasis>
Kinberg
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D10F46EBE5BA766A15AFBB77285" authority="Willey" authorityName="Willey" authorityYear="1904" box="[811,1143,1140,1166]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Neanthes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="19" pageNumber="482" phylum="Annelida" rank="subSpecies" species="latipalpa" subSpecies="typica">
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F46EBE5BA766A15AFBEC7285" box="[811,1068,1140,1166]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="482">Neanthes latipalpa typica</emphasis>
Willey
</taxonomicName>
, herein is confirmed that they belong to the same species. Furthermore, this species is here considered as valid since it is different the other species within the
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D10F46EBE5BA71BA1FAFC7472E6" baseAuthorityName="Wilson &amp; Glasby" baseAuthorityYear="1993" box="[854,948,1236,1261]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Perinereis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="19" pageNumber="482" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="nuntia">
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F46EBE5BA71BA1FAFC7472E6" box="[854,948,1236,1261]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="482">P. nuntia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
complex, particularly
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D10F46EBE5BA0EBA1FAFAC672E5" box="[1190,1286,1236,1262]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Nereis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="19" pageNumber="482" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="vallata">
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F46EBE5BA0EBA1FAFAC672E5" box="[1190,1286,1236,1262]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="482">P. vallata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Therefore, it is reinstated as
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D10F46EBE5BA7F8A1DAFB2F7305" authority="(Schmarda, 1861)" authorityName="Villalobos-Guerrero" authorityYear="2019" baseAuthorityName="Schmarda" baseAuthorityYear="1861" box="[949,1263,1267,1294]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Neanthes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="19" pageNumber="482" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="latipalpa" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F46EBE5BA7F8A1DAFBE87306" box="[949,1064,1267,1293]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="482">P. latipalpa</emphasis>
(Schmarda, 1861)
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25C57FAF46EBE5BA0B8A1DAFA957306" box="[1269,1365,1267,1294]" pageId="19" pageNumber="482" rank="species">n. comb.</taxonomicNameLabel>
Besides,
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D10F46EBE5BA766A03AFC5F7326" authorityName="Wilson &amp; Glasby" authorityYear="1993" box="[811,927,1299,1325]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Perinereis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="19" pageNumber="482" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="namibia">
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F46EBE5BA766A03AFC5F7326" box="[811,927,1299,1325]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="482">P. namibia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is regarded as a junior synonym of
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D10F46EBE5BA178A03AFA6E7326" authorityName="Villalobos-Guerrero" authorityYear="2019" baseAuthorityName="Schmarda" baseAuthorityYear="1861" box="[1333,1454,1299,1325]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Neanthes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="19" pageNumber="482" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="latipalpa" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F46EBE5BA178A03AFA6E7326" box="[1333,1454,1299,1325]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="482">P. latipalpa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25C57FAF46EBE5BA760A01AFC507346" box="[813,912,1331,1358]" pageId="19" pageNumber="482" rank="species">n. comb.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, based on the original description and the revision of some topotypes formerly used by
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A4B62F46EBE5BA0EEA07DFA6A7365" author="WILSON R. S. &amp; GLASBY C. J." box="[1187,1450,1363,1390]" pageId="19" pageNumber="482" pagination="253 - 277" refId="ref29091" refString="WILSON R. S. &amp; GLASBY C. J. 1993. - A revision of the Perinereis nuntia species group (Polychaeta: Nereididae). Records of the Australian Museum 45 (3): 253 - 277. https: // doi. org / 10.385 3 / j. 0067 - 1975.45.1993.23" type="journal article" year="1993">Wilson &amp; Glasby (1993)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA43693F46EBE5BA70EA05AFB3E71E7" blockId="19.[811,1458,215,2028]" pageId="19" pageNumber="482">
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D10F46EBE5BA70EA05AFBC27386" authorityName="Villalobos-Guerrero" authorityYear="2019" baseAuthorityName="Schmarda" baseAuthorityYear="1861" box="[835,1026,1395,1421]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Perinereis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="19" pageNumber="482" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="latipalpa" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F46EBE5BA70EA05AFBC27386" box="[835,1026,1395,1421]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="482">Perinereis latipalpa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25C57FAF46EBE5BA045A05AFBA67386" box="[1032,1126,1395,1422]" pageId="19" pageNumber="482" rank="species">n. comb.</taxonomicNameLabel>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D10F46EBE5BA0D5A05AFB347386" box="[1176,1268,1395,1421]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Nereis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="19" pageNumber="482" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="vallata">
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F46EBE5BA0D5A05AFB347386" box="[1176,1268,1395,1421]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="482">P. vallata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are indeed closely related species since they have a similar parapodial pattern, as well as a similar number and arrangement of paragnaths on the ventral areas of the pharynx. Nevertheless, according to my revision on the
<typeStatus id="54A08831F46EBE5BA7B0A0DDFBEA7006" box="[1021,1066,1523,1549]" pageId="19" pageNumber="482">type</typeStatus>
material of
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D10F46EBE5BA0E6A0DDFADC7006" authorityName="Villalobos-Guerrero" authorityYear="2019" baseAuthorityName="Schmarda" baseAuthorityYear="1861" box="[1195,1308,1523,1549]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Perinereis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="19" pageNumber="482" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="latipalpa" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F46EBE5BA0E6A0DDFADC7006" box="[1195,1308,1523,1549]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="482">P. latipalpa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25C57FAF46EBE5BA16FA0DDFA417006" box="[1314,1409,1523,1549]" pageId="19" pageNumber="482" rank="species">n. comb.</taxonomicNameLabel>
and a specimen from
<collectingCountry id="F30C7603F46EBE5BA7A9A33CFBDD7027" box="[996,1053,1554,1580]" name="Chile" pageId="19" pageNumber="482">Chile</collectingCountry>
(
<figureCitation id="13202A16F46EBE5BA060A33CFBAB7026" box="[1069,1131,1554,1581]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="18.[133,144,1657,1675]" captionTargetBox="[131,1454,215,1615]" captionTargetId="figure-105@18.[131,1454,213,1620]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIG. 7. — Perinereis latipalpa (Schmarda, 1861) n. comb.: A-E, topotype of Perinereis namibia Wilson &amp; Glasby, 1993, n. syn. (ZMB 4109b): A, maxillary ring of pharynx,frontal view; B, oral ring of pharynx, dorsal view (arrow points distal portion of λ-shaped pattern); C, same, ventral view; D, parapodium 74,anterior view; E, approach to homogomph spinigers (chaet.74), notopodial (left), neuropodial supracicular (right) (arrows point thickened,separated teeth).F-K, Perinereis vallata (Grube &amp; Kröyer in Grube, 1858), non-type (ZMB 3666); F, approach to neuropodial supracicular homogomph spiniger (chaet. 76) (arrow points barely thickened, evenly spaced teeth); G, anterior region, dorsal view; H, maxillary ring, frontal view (arrows point merged paragnaths); I, oral ring, dorsal view (arrow points distal portion of χ-shaped pattern); J, pharynx, ventral view; K, same, lateral view. Scale bars: A, D, H, 0.5 mm; B, C, G, I-K, 1 mm; E, F, 15 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4436934" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4436934/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="482">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
F-K), the description of
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D10F46EBE5BA122A33DFC947047" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Nereis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="19" pageNumber="482" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="vallata">
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F46EBE5BA122A33DFC947047" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="482">P. vallata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and its accurate posterior characterizations (
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A4B62F46EBE5BA167A31CFA687046" author="EHLERS E." box="[1322,1448,1586,1613]" pageId="19" pageNumber="482" refId="ref25376" refString="EHLERS E. 1901. - Die Polychaeten des magellanischen und chilenischen Strandes: Ein faunistischer Versuch. Festschrift zur Feier des 150 jahrigen Bestehens der Koniglichen Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften zu Gottingen. Weidmannsche, Berlin, 232 p." type="book" year="1901">Ehlers 1901</bibRefCitation>
; Wesenberg-Lund 1962;
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A4B62F46EBE5BA061A37CFA927067" author="ROZBACZYLO N. &amp; CASTILLA J. C." box="[1068,1362,1618,1644]" pageId="19" pageNumber="482" pagination="215 - 232" refId="ref27935" refString="ROZBACZYLO N. &amp; CASTILLA J. C. 1973. - El genero Perinereis (Annelida, Polychaeta, Nereidae) en Chile. Studies on the Neotropical Fauna 8: 215 - 232. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 01650527309360463" type="journal article" year="1973">Rozbaczylo &amp; Castilla 1973</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A4B62F46EBE5BA12DA37CFCA37087" author="BERTRAN C." pageId="19" pageNumber="482" pagination="81 - 89" refId="ref24897" refString="BERTRAN C. 1980. - Analisis taxonomico de Perinereis gualpensis Jeldes y Perinereis vallata Grube (Annelida, Polychaeta) en el estuario del Rio Lingue, Chile. Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Environment 15: 81 - 89. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 01650528009360566" type="journal article" year="1980">Bertrán 1980</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A4B62F46EBE5BA73FA35CFBAA7087" author="WILSON R. S. &amp; GLASBY C. J." box="[882,1130,1650,1676]" pageId="19" pageNumber="482" pagination="253 - 277" refId="ref29091" refString="WILSON R. S. &amp; GLASBY C. J. 1993. - A revision of the Perinereis nuntia species group (Polychaeta: Nereididae). Records of the Australian Museum 45 (3): 253 - 277. https: // doi. org / 10.385 3 / j. 0067 - 1975.45.1993.23" type="journal article" year="1993">Wilson &amp; Glasby 1993</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A4B62F46EBE5BA034A35CFAB67087" author="SAMPERTEGUI S. &amp; ROZBACZYLO N. &amp; AGUIRRE C. B. &amp; CARRASCO F. &amp; HERNANDEZ C. E. &amp; SERRANO E." box="[1145,1398,1650,1676]" pageId="19" pageNumber="482" pagination="27 - 40" refId="ref28051" refString="SAMPERTEGUI S., ROZBACZYLO N., CANALES- AGUIRRE C. B., CARRASCO F., HERNANDEZ C. E. &amp; RODRIGUEZ- SERRANO E. 2013. - Morphological and molecular characterization of Perinereis gualpensis (Polychaeta: Nereididae) and its phylogenetic relationships with other species of the genus off the Chilean coast, Southeast Pacific. Cahiers de Biologie Marine 54 (1): 27 - 40. https: // doi. org / 10.21411 / CBM. A. 6 B 64008 A" type="journal article" year="2013">
Sampértegui
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F46EBE5BA148A35DFAF87087" box="[1285,1336,1650,1676]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="482">et al.</emphasis>
2013
</bibRefCitation>
), the differences between these two species remain in the shape of the proximal teeth of homogomph spinigers and the AVI-V-VI pattern. In
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D10F46EBE5BA7ECA3FDFBD170E7" authorityName="Villalobos-Guerrero" authorityYear="2019" baseAuthorityName="Schmarda" baseAuthorityYear="1861" box="[929,1041,1746,1772]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Perinereis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="19" pageNumber="482" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="latipalpa" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F46EBE5BA7ECA3FDFBD170E7" box="[929,1041,1746,1772]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="482">P. latipalpa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25C57FAF46EBE5BA05AA3FCFBB670E7" box="[1047,1142,1746,1772]" pageId="19" pageNumber="482" rank="species">n. comb.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, the first proximal teeth of homogomph spinigers are notoriously thick and separated (
<figureCitation id="13202A16F46EBE5BA117A3DCFC837127" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="14.[132,143,1871,1889]" captionTargetBox="[132,1453,218,1781]" captionTargetId="figure-17@14.[132,1455,218,1783]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIG. 4. — Perinereis latipalpa (Schmarda, 1861) n. comb. lectotype (NMHW 769a): A-F, parapodia, anterior view (numbers refer the chaetiger); A, B, with bent dorsal cirri; E, black arrowheads,points used for measuring entire length of distal lobe of dorsal ligule; white, same but for proximal lobe; F, with incomplete dorsal cirri; black arrowheads, central glandular patch; white, proximal patch; G, H, approach of notopodial homogomph spinigers (chaet. 39 and 60, respectively) (arrows point thick, separated teeth); I, Heterogomph spiniger (chaet. 60); inset: proximal teeth; J, neuropodial heterogomph falciger, supracicular (chaet. 60); K, same, subacicular (chaet. 60); black arrowheads,points used for measuring length of blade of the proximal end (a); white,same but for distal end (b); L, same, subacicular (chaet. 119), black arrowheads, points used for measuring length of the serrated region; white, same but for entire length of blade. Scale bars: A-F, 0.5 mm; G-L, 15 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4436926" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4436926/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="482">Figs 4G, H</figureCitation>
;
<figureCitation id="13202A16F46EBE5BA71DA23FFCA97127" box="[848,873,1809,1836]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="16.[132,143,1555,1573]" captionTargetBox="[133,1456,217,1512]" captionTargetId="figure-202@16.[133,1456,216,1521]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIG. 5. — Perinereis latipalpa (Schmarda, 1861) n. comb., holotype of Neanthes latipalpa Kinberg, 1865 n. syn. (SMNH 37900): A, anterior region, dorsal view; B, pharynx, dorsal view (arrow points proximal overlap of areas V and VI); C, oral ring of pharynx, lateral view; D, same, ventral view; E, posterior region, ventral view; F-I, parapodia, anterior view (numbers refer the chaetiger); J, approach of notopodial homogomph spinigers (chaet. 45) (arrows point thicker, separated teeth); K, neuropodial heterogomph falciger, subacicular (chaet. 45); L, permanent microscope slide, mounted 27th parapodia (SMNH 37900, housed at the NHMUK). Scale bars: A, 2 mm; B-E, 1 mm; F-H, 0.5 mm; I, 0.3 mm; J, K, 15 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4436930" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4436930/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="482">5J</figureCitation>
;
<figureCitation id="13202A16F46EBE5BA73BA23CFC587127" box="[886,920,1810,1836]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="17.[132,143,1555,1573]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,216,1512]" captionTargetId="figure-138@17.[132,1455,216,1521]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIG. 6. — Perinereis latipalpa (Schmarda, 1861) n. comb., syntypes of Neanthes latipalpa typica Willey, 1904 n. syn. (NHMUK 1911.2.1.23-26); A, anterior region, dorsal view; B, same, ventral view; C, right jaw, ventral view (arrows point canals); D, maxillary ring of pharynx, ventral view; E, oral ring of pharynx, ventral view (arrow points distal portion of λ-shaped pattern); F, posterior region, dorsal view; G-J, parapodia, anterior view (numbers refer the chaetiger); K, approach of notopodial homogomph spiniger (chaet. 41) (arrow points thicker,separated teeth); L, neuropodial heterogomph falciger, supracicular (chaet. 41); M, same, subacicular (chaet. 41); N, permanent microscope slide with mounted 8th, 33rd and 73rd parapodia (NHMUK 1911.2.1.23-26a); O, same, 28th parapodia (NHMUK 1911.2.1.23-26b). Scale bars: A, B, F, 1 mm; C, 0.2 mm; D, E, G-J, 0.5 mm; K-M, 15 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4439502" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4439502/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="482">6K</figureCitation>
; 7E), whereas in
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D10F46EBE5BA019A23CFB727127" box="[1108,1202,1810,1836]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Nereis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="19" pageNumber="482" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="vallata">
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F46EBE5BA019A23CFB727127" box="[1108,1202,1810,1836]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="482">P. vallata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
these are of similar size and equidistant from one another (
<figureCitation id="13202A16F46EBE5BA0DFA21FFB1F7147" box="[1170,1247,1841,1868]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="18.[133,144,1657,1675]" captionTargetBox="[131,1454,215,1615]" captionTargetId="figure-105@18.[131,1454,213,1620]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIG. 7. — Perinereis latipalpa (Schmarda, 1861) n. comb.: A-E, topotype of Perinereis namibia Wilson &amp; Glasby, 1993, n. syn. (ZMB 4109b): A, maxillary ring of pharynx,frontal view; B, oral ring of pharynx, dorsal view (arrow points distal portion of λ-shaped pattern); C, same, ventral view; D, parapodium 74,anterior view; E, approach to homogomph spinigers (chaet.74), notopodial (left), neuropodial supracicular (right) (arrows point thickened,separated teeth).F-K, Perinereis vallata (Grube &amp; Kröyer in Grube, 1858), non-type (ZMB 3666); F, approach to neuropodial supracicular homogomph spiniger (chaet. 76) (arrow points barely thickened, evenly spaced teeth); G, anterior region, dorsal view; H, maxillary ring, frontal view (arrows point merged paragnaths); I, oral ring, dorsal view (arrow points distal portion of χ-shaped pattern); J, pharynx, ventral view; K, same, lateral view. Scale bars: A, D, H, 0.5 mm; B, C, G, I-K, 1 mm; E, F, 15 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4436934" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4436934/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="482">Fig. 7F</figureCitation>
). Also, in
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D10F46EBE5BA10EA21CFA717140" authorityName="Villalobos-Guerrero" authorityYear="2019" baseAuthorityName="Schmarda" baseAuthorityYear="1861" box="[1347,1457,1841,1867]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Perinereis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="19" pageNumber="482" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="latipalpa" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F46EBE5BA10EA21CFA717140" box="[1347,1457,1841,1867]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="482">P. latipalpa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25C57FAF46EBE5BA760A27CFC4A7160" box="[813,906,1873,1900]" pageId="19" pageNumber="482" rank="species">n. comb.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, the AVI-V-VI pattern is λ- shaped (
<figureCitation id="13202A16F46EBE5BA0A6A27FFA9A7167" box="[1259,1370,1873,1900]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="12.[132,143,1917,1935]" captionTargetBox="[134,1455,223,1779]" captionTargetId="figure-17@12.[132,1455,223,1779]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIG. 3. — Perinereis latipalpa (Schmarda, 1861) n. comb: A, recent (above) and older (below) labels of the jars containing paralectotype materials at the Natural History Museum, Vienna (NMHW 771); B, C, lectotype (NMHW 769a); D-I, Paralectotype (NMHW 771); B, anterior region, dorsal view; C, posterior region, dorsal view; D, pharynx, anterior view (arrow points distal portion of λ-shaped pattern); E, same, ventral view; F, same, dorsal view; inset: entire λ-shaped pattern (arrow points proximal overlap of areas V and VI); G, same, lateral view (arrow points narrow gap); H, left jaw, dorsal (left) and ventral (right) views; I, same, zoom-in, ventral view (arrow: canals). Scale bars: B, C, 3 mm; D-G, 2 mm; H, 1 mm; I, 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4436922" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4436922/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="482">Figs 3D, F</figureCitation>
;
<figureCitation id="13202A16F46EBE5BA12FA27FFA437167" box="[1378,1411,1873,1900]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="16.[132,143,1555,1573]" captionTargetBox="[133,1456,217,1512]" captionTargetId="figure-202@16.[133,1456,216,1521]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIG. 5. — Perinereis latipalpa (Schmarda, 1861) n. comb., holotype of Neanthes latipalpa Kinberg, 1865 n. syn. (SMNH 37900): A, anterior region, dorsal view; B, pharynx, dorsal view (arrow points proximal overlap of areas V and VI); C, oral ring of pharynx, lateral view; D, same, ventral view; E, posterior region, ventral view; F-I, parapodia, anterior view (numbers refer the chaetiger); J, approach of notopodial homogomph spinigers (chaet. 45) (arrows point thicker, separated teeth); K, neuropodial heterogomph falciger, subacicular (chaet. 45); L, permanent microscope slide, mounted 27th parapodia (SMNH 37900, housed at the NHMUK). Scale bars: A, 2 mm; B-E, 1 mm; F-H, 0.5 mm; I, 0.3 mm; J, K, 15 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4436930" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4436930/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="482">5B</figureCitation>
;
<figureCitation id="13202A16F46EBE5BA1C1A27FFA6B7160" box="[1420,1451,1873,1899]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="17.[132,143,1555,1573]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,216,1512]" captionTargetId="figure-138@17.[132,1455,216,1521]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIG. 6. — Perinereis latipalpa (Schmarda, 1861) n. comb., syntypes of Neanthes latipalpa typica Willey, 1904 n. syn. (NHMUK 1911.2.1.23-26); A, anterior region, dorsal view; B, same, ventral view; C, right jaw, ventral view (arrows point canals); D, maxillary ring of pharynx, ventral view; E, oral ring of pharynx, ventral view (arrow points distal portion of λ-shaped pattern); F, posterior region, dorsal view; G-J, parapodia, anterior view (numbers refer the chaetiger); K, approach of notopodial homogomph spiniger (chaet. 41) (arrow points thicker,separated teeth); L, neuropodial heterogomph falciger, supracicular (chaet. 41); M, same, subacicular (chaet. 41); N, permanent microscope slide with mounted 8th, 33rd and 73rd parapodia (NHMUK 1911.2.1.23-26a); O, same, 28th parapodia (NHMUK 1911.2.1.23-26b). Scale bars: A, B, F, 1 mm; C, 0.2 mm; D, E, G-J, 0.5 mm; K-M, 15 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4439502" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4439502/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="482">6E</figureCitation>
; 7B), with the AVI overlapping AV proximally further behind the arc of paragnaths (
<figureCitation id="13202A16F46EBE5BA7A6A2BFFBFD71A0" box="[1003,1085,1937,1963]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="12.[132,143,1917,1935]" captionTargetBox="[134,1455,223,1779]" captionTargetId="figure-17@12.[132,1455,223,1779]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIG. 3. — Perinereis latipalpa (Schmarda, 1861) n. comb: A, recent (above) and older (below) labels of the jars containing paralectotype materials at the Natural History Museum, Vienna (NMHW 771); B, C, lectotype (NMHW 769a); D-I, Paralectotype (NMHW 771); B, anterior region, dorsal view; C, posterior region, dorsal view; D, pharynx, anterior view (arrow points distal portion of λ-shaped pattern); E, same, ventral view; F, same, dorsal view; inset: entire λ-shaped pattern (arrow points proximal overlap of areas V and VI); G, same, lateral view (arrow points narrow gap); H, left jaw, dorsal (left) and ventral (right) views; I, same, zoom-in, ventral view (arrow: canals). Scale bars: B, C, 3 mm; D-G, 2 mm; H, 1 mm; I, 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4436922" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4436922/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="482">Figs 3F</figureCitation>
;
<figureCitation id="13202A16F46EBE5BA005A2BFFBA871A7" box="[1096,1128,1937,1964]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="16.[132,143,1555,1573]" captionTargetBox="[133,1456,217,1512]" captionTargetId="figure-202@16.[133,1456,216,1521]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIG. 5. — Perinereis latipalpa (Schmarda, 1861) n. comb., holotype of Neanthes latipalpa Kinberg, 1865 n. syn. (SMNH 37900): A, anterior region, dorsal view; B, pharynx, dorsal view (arrow points proximal overlap of areas V and VI); C, oral ring of pharynx, lateral view; D, same, ventral view; E, posterior region, ventral view; F-I, parapodia, anterior view (numbers refer the chaetiger); J, approach of notopodial homogomph spinigers (chaet. 45) (arrows point thicker, separated teeth); K, neuropodial heterogomph falciger, subacicular (chaet. 45); L, permanent microscope slide, mounted 27th parapodia (SMNH 37900, housed at the NHMUK). Scale bars: A, 2 mm; B-E, 1 mm; F-H, 0.5 mm; I, 0.3 mm; J, K, 15 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4436930" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4436930/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="482">5B</figureCitation>
;
<figureCitation id="13202A16F46EBE5BA03EA2BCFB5471A7" box="[1139,1172,1938,1964]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="18.[133,144,1657,1675]" captionTargetBox="[131,1454,215,1615]" captionTargetId="figure-105@18.[131,1454,213,1620]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIG. 7. — Perinereis latipalpa (Schmarda, 1861) n. comb.: A-E, topotype of Perinereis namibia Wilson &amp; Glasby, 1993, n. syn. (ZMB 4109b): A, maxillary ring of pharynx,frontal view; B, oral ring of pharynx, dorsal view (arrow points distal portion of λ-shaped pattern); C, same, ventral view; D, parapodium 74,anterior view; E, approach to homogomph spinigers (chaet.74), notopodial (left), neuropodial supracicular (right) (arrows point thickened,separated teeth).F-K, Perinereis vallata (Grube &amp; Kröyer in Grube, 1858), non-type (ZMB 3666); F, approach to neuropodial supracicular homogomph spiniger (chaet. 76) (arrow points barely thickened, evenly spaced teeth); G, anterior region, dorsal view; H, maxillary ring, frontal view (arrows point merged paragnaths); I, oral ring, dorsal view (arrow points distal portion of χ-shaped pattern); J, pharynx, ventral view; K, same, lateral view. Scale bars: A, D, H, 0.5 mm; B, C, G, I-K, 1 mm; E, F, 15 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4436934" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4436934/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="482">7B</figureCitation>
); whereas in
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D10F46EBE5BA150A2BCFABA71A0" box="[1309,1402,1937,1963]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Nereis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="19" pageNumber="482" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="vallata">
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F46EBE5BA150A2BCFABA71A0" box="[1309,1402,1937,1963]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="482">P. vallata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, it is χ- shaped (
<figureCitation id="13202A16F46EBE5BA7DBA29FFC3C71C7" box="[918,1020,1969,1996]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="18.[133,144,1657,1675]" captionTargetBox="[131,1454,215,1615]" captionTargetId="figure-105@18.[131,1454,213,1620]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIG. 7. — Perinereis latipalpa (Schmarda, 1861) n. comb.: A-E, topotype of Perinereis namibia Wilson &amp; Glasby, 1993, n. syn. (ZMB 4109b): A, maxillary ring of pharynx,frontal view; B, oral ring of pharynx, dorsal view (arrow points distal portion of λ-shaped pattern); C, same, ventral view; D, parapodium 74,anterior view; E, approach to homogomph spinigers (chaet.74), notopodial (left), neuropodial supracicular (right) (arrows point thickened,separated teeth).F-K, Perinereis vallata (Grube &amp; Kröyer in Grube, 1858), non-type (ZMB 3666); F, approach to neuropodial supracicular homogomph spiniger (chaet. 76) (arrow points barely thickened, evenly spaced teeth); G, anterior region, dorsal view; H, maxillary ring, frontal view (arrows point merged paragnaths); I, oral ring, dorsal view (arrow points distal portion of χ-shaped pattern); J, pharynx, ventral view; K, same, lateral view. Scale bars: A, D, H, 0.5 mm; B, C, G, I-K, 1 mm; E, F, 15 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4436934" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4436934/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="482">Fig. 7G, I</figureCitation>
), with the AVI overlapping AV proximally at the level of the arc of paragnaths (
<figureCitation id="13202A16F46EBE5BA0E5A2FFFB3171E7" box="[1192,1265,2001,2028]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="18.[133,144,1657,1675]" captionTargetBox="[131,1454,215,1615]" captionTargetId="figure-105@18.[131,1454,213,1620]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIG. 7. — Perinereis latipalpa (Schmarda, 1861) n. comb.: A-E, topotype of Perinereis namibia Wilson &amp; Glasby, 1993, n. syn. (ZMB 4109b): A, maxillary ring of pharynx,frontal view; B, oral ring of pharynx, dorsal view (arrow points distal portion of λ-shaped pattern); C, same, ventral view; D, parapodium 74,anterior view; E, approach to homogomph spinigers (chaet.74), notopodial (left), neuropodial supracicular (right) (arrows point thickened,separated teeth).F-K, Perinereis vallata (Grube &amp; Kröyer in Grube, 1858), non-type (ZMB 3666); F, approach to neuropodial supracicular homogomph spiniger (chaet. 76) (arrow points barely thickened, evenly spaced teeth); G, anterior region, dorsal view; H, maxillary ring, frontal view (arrows point merged paragnaths); I, oral ring, dorsal view (arrow points distal portion of χ-shaped pattern); J, pharynx, ventral view; K, same, lateral view. Scale bars: A, D, H, 0.5 mm; B, C, G, I-K, 1 mm; E, F, 15 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4436934" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4436934/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="482">Fig. 7I</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA43693F469BE5CA4D6A5F6FE247504" blockId="20.[130,777,215,2027]" pageId="20" pageNumber="483">
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D10F469BE5CA4D6A5F6FEA776FA" authorityName="Villalobos-Guerrero" authorityYear="2019" baseAuthorityName="Schmarda" baseAuthorityYear="1861" box="[155,359,215,241]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Perinereis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="20" pageNumber="483" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="latipalpa" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F469BE5CA4D6A5F6FEA776FA" box="[155,359,215,241]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="483">Perinereis latipalpa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25C57FAF469BE5CA53DA5F6FE1476FA" box="[368,468,215,242]" pageId="20" pageNumber="483" rank="species">n. comb.</taxonomicNameLabel>
also differs from other two closely related species of
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D10F469BE5CA5C5A5D6FE26771A" box="[392,486,247,273]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Nereis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="20" pageNumber="483" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="vallata">
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F469BE5CA5C5A5D6FE26771A" box="[392,486,247,273]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="483">P. vallata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D10F469BE5CA5BDA5D6FF7B773A" authority="Jeldes, 1963" authorityName="Jeldes" authorityYear="1963" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Perinereis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="20" pageNumber="483" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="gualpensis">
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F469BE5CA5BDA5D6FD7D771A" box="[496,701,247,273]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="483">Perinereis gualpensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A4B62F469BE5CA68EA5D9FF7B773A" author="JELDES F." pageId="20" pageNumber="483" pagination="3 - 10" refId="ref27398" refString="JELDES F. 1963. - Un nuevo nereido de agua dulce para Chile. Gayana, Zoologia 9: 3 - 10. http: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 91510 # page / 223" type="journal article" year="1963">Jeldes, 1963</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(based on the original description and characterizations of topotype specimens, e.g.
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A4B62F469BE5CA5E7A419FDF9775A" author="BERTRAN C." box="[426,569,311,337]" pageId="20" pageNumber="483" pagination="81 - 89" refId="ref24897" refString="BERTRAN C. 1980. - Analisis taxonomico de Perinereis gualpensis Jeldes y Perinereis vallata Grube (Annelida, Polychaeta) en el estuario del Rio Lingue, Chile. Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Environment 15: 81 - 89. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 01650528009360566" type="journal article" year="1980">Bertrán 1980</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A4B62F469BE5CA605A419FF7C777A" author="SAMPERTEGUI S. &amp; ROZBACZYLO N. &amp; AGUIRRE C. B. &amp; CARRASCO F. &amp; HERNANDEZ C. E. &amp; SERRANO E." pageId="20" pageNumber="483" pagination="27 - 40" refId="ref28051" refString="SAMPERTEGUI S., ROZBACZYLO N., CANALES- AGUIRRE C. B., CARRASCO F., HERNANDEZ C. E. &amp; RODRIGUEZ- SERRANO E. 2013. - Morphological and molecular characterization of Perinereis gualpensis (Polychaeta: Nereididae) and its phylogenetic relationships with other species of the genus off the Chilean coast, Southeast Pacific. Cahiers de Biologie Marine 54 (1): 27 - 40. https: // doi. org / 10.21411 / CBM. A. 6 B 64008 A" type="journal article" year="2013">
Sampértegui
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F469BE5CA698A416FCC7775A" box="[725,775,311,337]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="483">et al.</emphasis>
2013
</bibRefCitation>
) and
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D10F469BE5CA4B6A476FD9B777A" authority="Wilson &amp; Glasby, 1993" authorityName="Wilson &amp; Glasby" authorityYear="1993" box="[251,603,343,369]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Perinereis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="20" pageNumber="483" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="akuna">
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F469BE5CA4B6A476FE94777A" box="[251,340,343,369]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="483">P. akuna</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A4B62F469BE5CA516A479FD9B777A" author="WILSON R. S. &amp; GLASBY C. J." box="[347,603,343,369]" pageId="20" pageNumber="483" pagination="253 - 277" refId="ref29091" refString="WILSON R. S. &amp; GLASBY C. J. 1993. - A revision of the Perinereis nuntia species group (Polychaeta: Nereididae). Records of the Australian Museum 45 (3): 253 - 277. https: // doi. org / 10.385 3 / j. 0067 - 1975.45.1993.23" type="journal article" year="1993">Wilson &amp; Glasby, 1993</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D10F469BE5CA625A476FF7E779B" authorityName="Jeldes" authorityYear="1963" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Perinereis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="20" pageNumber="483" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="gualpensis">
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F469BE5CA625A476FF7E779B" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="483">Perinereis gualpensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, who also shares the same
<typeStatus id="54A08831F469BE5CA59EA459FDC1779A" box="[467,513,375,401]" pageId="20" pageNumber="483">type</typeStatus>
of blade of homogomph spiniger and the same pattern of AVI-V-VI as
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D10F469BE5CA63EA4B9FD1277BB" box="[627,722,406,432]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Nereis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="20" pageNumber="483" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="vallata">
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F469BE5CA63EA4B9FD1277BB" box="[627,722,406,432]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="483">P. vallata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, can be distinguished from
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D10F469BE5CA53EA499FE2677DB" authorityName="Villalobos-Guerrero" authorityYear="2019" baseAuthorityName="Schmarda" baseAuthorityYear="1861" box="[371,486,438,464]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Perinereis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="20" pageNumber="483" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="latipalpa" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F469BE5CA53EA499FE2677DB" box="[371,486,438,464]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="483">P. latipalpa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25C57FAF469BE5CA5A6A499FD8B77DB" box="[491,587,438,465]" pageId="20" pageNumber="483" rank="species">n. comb.</taxonomicNameLabel>
because the latter has AIII =8-20 and AVII-VIII= 48-66, whereas
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D10F469BE5CA6C5A4F9FCC777FB" authorityName="Jeldes" authorityYear="1963" box="[648,775,470,496]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Perinereis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="20" pageNumber="483" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="gualpensis">
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F469BE5CA6C5A4F9FCC777FB" box="[648,775,470,496]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="483">P. gualpensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has AIII= 21-55 and AVII-VIII = 27-47. Likewise, the dorsal ligule is longer than median ligule and slightly expanded in posterior parapodia of
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D10F469BE5CA5EDA719FDD8745B" authorityName="Villalobos-Guerrero" authorityYear="2019" baseAuthorityName="Schmarda" baseAuthorityYear="1861" box="[416,536,566,592]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Perinereis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="20" pageNumber="483" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="latipalpa" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F469BE5CA5EDA719FDD8745B" box="[416,536,566,592]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="483">P. latipalpa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25C57FAF469BE5CA66DA719FD46745B" box="[544,646,566,593]" pageId="20" pageNumber="483" rank="species">n. comb.</taxonomicNameLabel>
; whereas in
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D10F469BE5CA4CBA779FEC1747B" authorityName="Jeldes" authorityYear="1963" box="[134,257,598,624]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Perinereis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="20" pageNumber="483" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="gualpensis">
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F469BE5CA4CBA779FEC1747B" box="[134,257,598,624]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="483">P.gualpensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, it is subequal to median ligule and not expanded in same parapodia. Furthermore, in
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D10F469BE5CA64DA759FDB3749B" authorityName="Villalobos-Guerrero" authorityYear="2019" baseAuthorityName="Schmarda" baseAuthorityYear="1861" box="[512,627,630,656]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Perinereis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="20" pageNumber="483" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="latipalpa" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F469BE5CA64DA759FDB3749B" box="[512,627,630,656]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="483">P. latipalpa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25C57FAF469BE5CA635A758FD1A749B" box="[632,730,630,656]" pageId="20" pageNumber="483" rank="species">n. comb.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, the dorsal cirrus extends beyond the end of dorsal ligule, and it is placed on the distal quarter of the ligule, whereas in
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D10F469BE5CA6F4A798FF7F74E4" authorityName="Jeldes" authorityYear="1963" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Perinereis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="20" pageNumber="483" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="gualpensis">
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F469BE5CA6F4A798FF7F74E4" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="483">P. gualpensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the dorsal cirrus is subequal to dorsal ligule and it is located on one-half of the ligule.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA43693F469BE5CA4D6A63BFE6773A5" blockId="20.[130,777,215,2027]" pageId="20" pageNumber="483">
On the other hand, although
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D10F469BE5CA5A0A638FDA67524" authorityName="Villalobos-Guerrero" authorityYear="2019" baseAuthorityName="Schmarda" baseAuthorityYear="1861" box="[493,614,789,815]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Perinereis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="20" pageNumber="483" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="latipalpa" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F469BE5CA5A0A638FDA67524" box="[493,614,789,815]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="483">P. latipalpa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25C57FAF469BE5CA63DA638FD157524" box="[624,725,789,816]" pageId="20" pageNumber="483" rank="species">n. comb.</taxonomicNameLabel>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D10F469BE5CA4CBA618FF207544" authorityName="Wilson &amp; Glasby" authorityYear="1993" box="[134,224,821,847]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Perinereis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="20" pageNumber="483" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="akuna">
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F469BE5CA4CBA618FF207544" box="[134,224,821,847]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="483">P. akuna</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
share the same λ- shaped pattern in AIV-V-IV, they differ in several respects.
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D10F469BE5CA5C1A678FD927564" authorityName="Villalobos-Guerrero" authorityYear="2019" baseAuthorityName="Schmarda" baseAuthorityYear="1861" box="[396,594,853,879]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Perinereis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="20" pageNumber="483" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="latipalpa" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F469BE5CA5C1A678FD927564" box="[396,594,853,879]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="483">Perinereis latipalpa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25C57FAF469BE5CA61AA678FD777564" box="[599,695,853,880]" pageId="20" pageNumber="483" rank="species">n. comb.</taxonomicNameLabel>
has the first proximal teeth of homogomph spinigers notoriously thick and separated, whereas in
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D10F469BE5CA592A6B8FDF975A4" authorityName="Wilson &amp; Glasby" authorityYear="1993" box="[479,569,917,943]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Perinereis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="20" pageNumber="483" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="akuna">
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F469BE5CA592A6B8FDF975A4" box="[479,569,917,943]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="483">P. akuna</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
these are of similar size and equidistant from one another. The dorsal ligule is longer than median ligule and slightly expanded in posterior parapodia of
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D10F469BE5CA559A6DBFE4B7205" authorityName="Villalobos-Guerrero" authorityYear="2019" baseAuthorityName="Schmarda" baseAuthorityYear="1861" box="[276,395,1012,1038]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Perinereis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="20" pageNumber="483" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="latipalpa" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F469BE5CA559A6DBFE4B7205" box="[276,395,1012,1038]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="483">P. latipalpa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25C57FAF469BE5CA5DEA6DBFE387205" box="[403,504,1012,1039]" pageId="20" pageNumber="483" rank="species">n. comb.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, whereas in
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D10F469BE5CA632A6DBFD1C7205" authorityName="Wilson &amp; Glasby" authorityYear="1993" box="[639,732,1012,1038]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Perinereis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="20" pageNumber="483" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="akuna">
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F469BE5CA632A6DBFD1C7205" box="[639,732,1012,1038]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="483">P. akuna</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the dorsal ligule is subequal to median ligule and not expanded in same parapodia. Also, in
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D10F469BE5CA5F8A11BFDEB7245" authorityName="Villalobos-Guerrero" authorityYear="2019" baseAuthorityName="Schmarda" baseAuthorityYear="1861" box="[437,555,1076,1102]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Perinereis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="20" pageNumber="483" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="latipalpa" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F469BE5CA5F8A11BFDEB7245" box="[437,555,1076,1102]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="483">P. latipalpa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25C57FAF469BE5CA67EA11BFD557245" box="[563,661,1076,1103]" pageId="20" pageNumber="483" rank="species">n. comb.</taxonomicNameLabel>
the dorsal cirri extend beyond the end of dorsal ligule and it is placed on the distal quarter of the ligule; whereas in
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D10F469BE5CA637A15BFD157285" authorityName="Wilson &amp; Glasby" authorityYear="1993" box="[634,725,1140,1166]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Perinereis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="20" pageNumber="483" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="akuna">
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F469BE5CA637A15BFD157285" box="[634,725,1140,1166]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="483">P. akuna</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the dorsal cirri is subequal to dorsal ligule and it is located on one-half of the ligule. Likewise,
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D10F469BE5CA5AAA19BFD9E72C5" authorityName="Villalobos-Guerrero" authorityYear="2019" baseAuthorityName="Schmarda" baseAuthorityYear="1861" box="[487,606,1204,1230]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Perinereis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="20" pageNumber="483" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="latipalpa" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F469BE5CA5AAA19BFD9E72C5" box="[487,606,1204,1230]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="483">P. latipalpa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25C57FAF469BE5CA62BA19AFD0972C5" box="[614,713,1204,1230]" pageId="20" pageNumber="483" rank="species">n. comb.</taxonomicNameLabel>
has a lower number of paragnaths on AVII-VIII (48-66) which are arranged in 2-3 rows of small and large cones; whereas
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D10F469BE5CA4C9A03AFF1F7326" authorityName="Wilson &amp; Glasby" authorityYear="1993" box="[132,223,1299,1325]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Perinereis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="20" pageNumber="483" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="akuna">
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F469BE5CA4C9A03AFF1F7326" box="[132,223,1299,1325]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="483">P. akuna</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has a larger number of paragnaths (76-191) which are arranged in more than four rows, with tiny cones in a distinct band. Finally,
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D10F469BE5CA5DBA07AFDCF7366" authorityName="Villalobos-Guerrero" authorityYear="2019" baseAuthorityName="Schmarda" baseAuthorityYear="1861" box="[406,527,1363,1389]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Perinereis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="20" pageNumber="483" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="latipalpa" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F469BE5CA5DBA07AFDCF7366" box="[406,527,1363,1389]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="483">P. latipalpa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25C57FAF469BE5CA655A07AFDBC7366" box="[536,636,1363,1390]" pageId="20" pageNumber="483" rank="species">n. comb.</taxonomicNameLabel>
always lacks merged paragnaths on AIV, which are always present in
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D10F469BE5CA4CBA0BAFF2173A6" authorityName="Wilson &amp; Glasby" authorityYear="1993" box="[134,225,1427,1453]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Perinereis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="20" pageNumber="483" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="akuna">
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F469BE5CA4CBA0BAFF2173A6" box="[134,225,1427,1453]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="483">P. akuna</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(numbering 1-5).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA43693F469BE5CA4D6A09DFDD171E0" blockId="20.[130,777,215,2027]" pageId="20" pageNumber="483">
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A4B62F469BE5CA4D6A09DFE5D73C6" author="WILSON R. S. &amp; GLASBY C. J." box="[155,413,1459,1485]" pageId="20" pageNumber="483" pagination="253 - 277" refId="ref29091" refString="WILSON R. S. &amp; GLASBY C. J. 1993. - A revision of the Perinereis nuntia species group (Polychaeta: Nereididae). Records of the Australian Museum 45 (3): 253 - 277. https: // doi. org / 10.385 3 / j. 0067 - 1975.45.1993.23" type="journal article" year="1993">Wilson &amp; Glasby (1993)</bibRefCitation>
regarded the occurrence of merged paragnaths on AIV as a relevant taxonomic feature to distinguish species within the
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D10F469BE5CA5E7A0DDFDC97007" baseAuthorityName="Wilson &amp; Glasby" baseAuthorityYear="1993" box="[426,521,1523,1548]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Perinereis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="20" pageNumber="483" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="nuntia">
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F469BE5CA5E7A0DDFDC97007" box="[426,521,1523,1548]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="483">P. nuntia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
complex; however, this character may be present or absent in individuals of the same species (
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A4B62F469BE5CA491A31CFE047046" author="HUTCHINGS P. A. &amp; REID A. &amp; WILSON R. S." box="[220,452,1586,1613]" pageId="20" pageNumber="483" pagination="241 - 274" refId="ref27178" refString="HUTCHINGS P. A., REID A. &amp; WILSON R. S. 1991. - Perinereis (Polychaeta, Nereididae) from Australia, with redescriptions of six additional species. Records of the Australian Museum 43: 241 - 274. https: // doi. org / 10.3853 / j. 0067 - 1975.43.1991.47" type="journal article" year="1991">
Hutchings
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F469BE5CA519A31DFE467047" box="[340,390,1586,1612]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="483">et al.</emphasis>
1991
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A4B62F469BE5CA59DA31CFD0A7046" author="WILSON R. S. &amp; GLASBY C. J." box="[464,714,1586,1613]" pageId="20" pageNumber="483" pagination="253 - 277" refId="ref29091" refString="WILSON R. S. &amp; GLASBY C. J. 1993. - A revision of the Perinereis nuntia species group (Polychaeta: Nereididae). Records of the Australian Museum 45 (3): 253 - 277. https: // doi. org / 10.385 3 / j. 0067 - 1975.45.1993.23" type="journal article" year="1993">Wilson &amp; Glasby 1993</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A4B62F469BE5CA69AA31CFECB7067" author="PARK T. S. &amp; KIM W." pageId="20" pageNumber="483" pagination="75 - 85" refId="ref27781" refString="PARK T. S. &amp; KIM W. 2007. - A taxonomic study on Perinereis nuntia species group (Polychaeta: Nereididae) of Korea. Korean Journal of Systematic Zoology 23 (1): 75 - 85. https: // doi. org / 10.5635 / KJSZ. 2007.23.1.075" type="journal article" year="2007">Park &amp; Kim 2007</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A4B62F469BE5CA55AA37CFDCD7067" author="SAMPERTEGUI S. &amp; ROZBACZYLO N. &amp; AGUIRRE C. B. &amp; CARRASCO F. &amp; HERNANDEZ C. E. &amp; SERRANO E." box="[279,525,1618,1644]" pageId="20" pageNumber="483" pagination="27 - 40" refId="ref28051" refString="SAMPERTEGUI S., ROZBACZYLO N., CANALES- AGUIRRE C. B., CARRASCO F., HERNANDEZ C. E. &amp; RODRIGUEZ- SERRANO E. 2013. - Morphological and molecular characterization of Perinereis gualpensis (Polychaeta: Nereididae) and its phylogenetic relationships with other species of the genus off the Chilean coast, Southeast Pacific. Cahiers de Biologie Marine 54 (1): 27 - 40. https: // doi. org / 10.21411 / CBM. A. 6 B 64008 A" type="journal article" year="2013">
Sampértegui
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F469BE5CA5ECA37DFE127067" box="[417,466,1618,1644]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="483">et al.</emphasis>
2013
</bibRefCitation>
). Concerning
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D10F469BE5CA6E8A37DFE4F7086" authority=", Sampertegui et al. (2013)" authorityName="Sampertegui" authorityYear="2013" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Nereis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="20" pageNumber="483" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="vallata">
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F469BE5CA6E8A37DFCC07067" box="[677,768,1618,1644]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="483">P. vallata</emphasis>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A4B62F469BE5CA4C9A35CFE4F7086" author="SAMPERTEGUI S. &amp; ROZBACZYLO N. &amp; AGUIRRE C. B. &amp; CARRASCO F. &amp; HERNANDEZ C. E. &amp; SERRANO E." box="[132,399,1650,1677]" pageId="20" pageNumber="483" pagination="27 - 40" refId="ref28051" refString="SAMPERTEGUI S., ROZBACZYLO N., CANALES- AGUIRRE C. B., CARRASCO F., HERNANDEZ C. E. &amp; RODRIGUEZ- SERRANO E. 2013. - Morphological and molecular characterization of Perinereis gualpensis (Polychaeta: Nereididae) and its phylogenetic relationships with other species of the genus off the Chilean coast, Southeast Pacific. Cahiers de Biologie Marine 54 (1): 27 - 40. https: // doi. org / 10.21411 / CBM. A. 6 B 64008 A" type="journal article" year="2013">
Sampértegui
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F469BE5CA55DA35DFE817087" box="[272,321,1650,1676]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="483">et al.</emphasis>
(2013)
</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
considered this character as varying since it was only present in a few of their Chilean specimens. The specimens herein examined of
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D10F469BE5CA5B1A39DFDB070C7" authorityName="Villalobos-Guerrero" authorityYear="2019" baseAuthorityName="Schmarda" baseAuthorityYear="1861" box="[508,624,1714,1740]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Perinereis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="20" pageNumber="483" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="latipalpa" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F469BE5CA5B1A39DFDB070C7" box="[508,624,1714,1740]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="483">P. latipalpa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25C57FAF469BE5CA63BA39DFD1670C7" box="[630,726,1714,1741]" pageId="20" pageNumber="483" rank="species">n. comb.</taxonomicNameLabel>
lack this
<typeStatus id="54A08831F469BE5CA4F9A3FCFF2270E7" box="[180,226,1746,1772]" pageId="20" pageNumber="483">type</typeStatus>
of paragnath, but a small merged one was present in the examined individual
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D10F469BE5CA5FDA3DDFDD07107" box="[432,528,1778,1804]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Nereis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="20" pageNumber="483" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="vallata">
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F469BE5CA5FDA3DDFDD07107" box="[432,528,1778,1804]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="483">P. vallata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. It is uncertain if their presence/absence on AIV of the latter species is related to size or to a particular developmental stage. Nevertheless, it is noteworthy that any of the specimens of
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D10F469BE5CA67DA27CFD637160" authorityName="Villalobos-Guerrero" authorityYear="2019" baseAuthorityName="Schmarda" baseAuthorityYear="1861" box="[560,675,1873,1899]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Perinereis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="20" pageNumber="483" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="latipalpa" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F469BE5CA67DA27CFD637160" box="[560,675,1873,1899]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="483">P. latipalpa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25C57FAF469BE5CA6EAA27CFCC67160" box="[679,774,1873,1900]" pageId="20" pageNumber="483" rank="species">n. comb.</taxonomicNameLabel>
herein examined and many of those examined by
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A4B62F469BE5CA6D6A25FFEE171A7" author="WILSON R. S. &amp; GLASBY C. J." pageId="20" pageNumber="483" pagination="253 - 277" refId="ref29091" refString="WILSON R. S. &amp; GLASBY C. J. 1993. - A revision of the Perinereis nuntia species group (Polychaeta: Nereididae). Records of the Australian Museum 45 (3): 253 - 277. https: // doi. org / 10.385 3 / j. 0067 - 1975.45.1993.23" type="journal article" year="1993">Wilson &amp; Glasby (1993)</bibRefCitation>
as
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D10F469BE5CA50AA2BCFE7A71A0" authorityName="Wilson &amp; Glasby" authorityYear="1993" box="[327,442,1937,1963]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Perinereis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="20" pageNumber="483" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="namibia">
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F469BE5CA50AA2BCFE7A71A0" box="[327,442,1937,1963]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="483">P. namibia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, have merged paragnaths. For this reason, this feature should be carefully used to distinguish species within the
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D10F469BE5CA504A2FCFE6771E0" baseAuthorityName="Wilson &amp; Glasby" baseAuthorityYear="1993" box="[329,423,2002,2027]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Perinereis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="20" pageNumber="483" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="nuntia">
<emphasis id="B96FEA81F469BE5CA504A2FCFE6771E0" box="[329,423,2002,2027]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="483">P. nuntia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
complex.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>