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<document id="7670CA7368E5DF1881576AD9D4231C40" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4750.1.4" ID-GBIF-Dataset="ff300143-3581-4909-ae95-8dec768fe27a" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3702847" ID-ZooBank="CF37CEA8-E156-48A6-8A28-C94A294A75DF" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1583849226697" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Mah, Christopher L. &amp; Fujita, Toshihiko" docDate="2020" docId="03DC87ABFFD7022F17E81DB3FF79944C" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4750.1.4.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4750 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Paralophaster gomo Mah &amp; Fujita 2020, n. sp." docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="77" masterDocId="FFE5FFD3FFDF0225177F1F41FFA29777" masterDocTitle="New species and occurrence records of Japanese Solasteridae and Ganeriidae including a new species of Paralophaster from the North Pacific with an overview of Hyalinothrix" masterLastPageNumber="100" masterPageNumber="67" pageNumber="75" updateTime="1698726646140" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="87161CEDA7EB22BFFAD685967BA03ED1">New species and occurrence records of Japanese Solasteridae and Ganeriidae including a new species of Paralophaster from the North Pacific with an overview of Hyalinothrix</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="E50C971352C84387182A4F7844FD3B46">Mah, Christopher L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="46F39E865835794B24F9514E574FAEF3">Fujita, Toshihiko</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="03DC87ABFFD7022F17E81DB3FF79944C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3706293" ID-GBIF-Taxon="162481339" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3706293" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DC87ABFFD7022F17E81DB3FF79944C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DC87ABFFD7022F17E81DB3FF79944C" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="77" pageId="8" pageNumber="75">
<subSubSection id="C36F6536FFD7022D17E81DB3FE74947A" box="[151,470,754,781]" pageId="8" pageNumber="75" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BCA36BDFFD7022D17E81DB3FE74947A" blockId="8.[151,470,754,817]" box="[151,470,754,781]" pageId="8" pageNumber="75">
<heading id="D08281D1FFD7022D17E81DB3FE74947A" bold="true" box="[151,470,754,781]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="75" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B901EAAFFFD7022D17E81DB3FE74947A" bold="true" box="[151,470,754,781]" pageId="8" pageNumber="75">
<taxonomicName id="4C754D3EFFD7022D17E81DB3FE2F947A" ID-CoL="84BY8" authority="Mah &amp; Fujita, 2020" authorityName="Mah &amp; Fujita" authorityYear="2020" box="[151,397,754,781]" class="Asteroidea" family="Solasteridae" genus="Paralophaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="8" pageNumber="75" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="gomo" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B901EAAFFFD7022D17E81DB3FE2F947A" bold="true" box="[151,397,754,781]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="75">Paralophaster gomo</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23257D4FFD7022D16EB1DB2FE74947A" box="[404,470,755,781]" pageId="8" pageNumber="75" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C36F6536FFD7022D17E81C56FE8B9446" box="[151,297,791,817]" pageId="8" pageNumber="75" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BCA36BDFFD7022D17E81C56FE8B9446" blockId="8.[151,470,754,817]" box="[151,297,791,817]" pageId="8" pageNumber="75">
<figureCitation id="134E2A38FFD7022D17E81C56FF519446" box="[151,243,791,817]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1908,1933]" captionTargetBox="[160,1430,183,1883]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,174,1889]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 3. Paralophaster gomo n. sp. Holotype, NSMT-E-11294. Scale bar=0.5 cm for all except B and C. A. Abactinal surface. B. Closeup of abactinal surface. Scale bar=2.0 mm. C. Oral surface. Scale bar=0.5 cm. D. Closeup of oral region. E. Small specimen showing large primary plates NMST E-11260." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3702851" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3702851/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="75">Figure 3</figureCitation>
AE
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36F6536FFD7022D17E81C1EFF6894EA" pageId="8" pageNumber="75" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BCA36BDFFD7022D17E81C1EFF6894EA" blockId="8.[151,1437,863,2041]" pageId="8" pageNumber="75">
<emphasis id="B901EAAFFFD7022D17E81C1EFE80940E" bold="true" box="[151,290,863,889]" pageId="8" pageNumber="75">Etymology:</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B901EAAFFFD7022D16561C1EFECF940E" box="[297,365,863,889]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="75">Gomo</emphasis>
is the Japanese word for “bristle” alluding to the highly spiny paxillae. Noun is held in apposition.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36F6536FFD7022D17B81CE7FB8C9326" pageId="8" pageNumber="75" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BCA36BDFFD7022D17B81CE7FB8C9326" blockId="8.[151,1437,863,2041]" pageId="8" pageNumber="75">
<emphasis id="B901EAAFFFD7022D17B81CE7FEE094B6" bold="true" box="[199,322,934,961]" pageId="8" pageNumber="75">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
A species with stellate body (R/r=3.0), thick disk, arms arched, acute interradial arcs. Abactinal paxillae bearing a tuft of 5 to 50, mostly 2040 hyaline spines in linear, transverse series. Tufts round to oval in outline. Marginal plates comparable in size, morphology with abactinal plates, each with 2050 spinelets, forming a distinct actinolateral border. Actinal region composed of flattened, wide adambulacral plates oriented transversely relative to tube foot groove and separated by tissue. Furrow spines,
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a curved fan.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36F6536FFD7022D17B81B1BFC3E923A" pageId="8" pageNumber="75" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BCA36BDFFD7022D17B81B1BFAD7925E" blockId="8.[151,1437,863,2041]" pageId="8" pageNumber="75">
<emphasis id="B901EAAFFFD7022D17B81B1BFEED9302" bold="true" box="[199,335,1114,1141]" pageId="8" pageNumber="75">Comments.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C754D3EFFD7022D16291B1AFD9E9302" authority="Mah &amp; Fujita, 2020" authorityName="Mah &amp; Fujita" authorityYear="2020" box="[342,572,1115,1141]" class="Asteroidea" family="Solasteridae" genus="Paralophaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="8" pageNumber="75" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="gomo" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B901EAAFFFD7022D16291B1AFD9E9302" box="[342,572,1115,1141]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="75">Paralophaster gomo</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B901EAAFFFD7022D153C1B1AFD239302" bold="true" box="[579,641,1115,1141]" pageId="8" pageNumber="75">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23257D4FFD7022D153C1B1AFD239302" box="[579,641,1115,1141]" pageId="8" pageNumber="75" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
differs sharply from the other known
<taxonomicName id="4C754D3EFFD7022D13571B1AFB689302" authorityName="Fisher" authorityYear="1940" box="[1064,1226,1115,1141]" class="Asteroidea" family="Solasteridae" genus="Paralophaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="8" pageNumber="75" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B901EAAFFFD7022D13571B1AFB689302" box="[1064,1226,1115,1141]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="75">Paralophaster</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species in the possession of 2040 (up to 50) glassy spinelets on abactinal and marginal paxillae and having 10 to 15 furrow spines and seven to nine subambulacral spines.
<taxonomicName id="4C754D3EFFD7022D15191BE2FCCD93CA" authorityName="H. E. S. Clark" authorityYear="1970" box="[614,879,1187,1213]" class="Asteroidea" family="Solasteridae" genus="Paralophaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="8" pageNumber="75" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="hyalinus">
<emphasis id="B901EAAFFFD7022D15191BE2FCCD93CA" box="[614,879,1187,1213]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="75">Paralophaster hyalinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
displays only 1623 paxillar spinelets with three or four furrow spines and four or five subambulacral spines. A survey of the Antarctic
<taxonomicName id="4C754D3EFFD7022D130F1B86FAB09396" authorityName="Fisher" authorityYear="1940" box="[1136,1298,1223,1249]" class="Asteroidea" family="Solasteridae" genus="Paralophaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="8" pageNumber="75" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B901EAAFFFD7022D130F1B86FAB09396" box="[1136,1298,1223,1249]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="75">Paralophaster</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
spp. (A. M.
<bibRefCitation id="EFE44B4CFFD7022D17E81BAAFEB79271" author="Clark, A. M." box="[151,277,1259,1286]" pageId="8" pageNumber="75" pagination="68 - 70" refId="ref23086" refString="Clark, A. M. (1962) Asteroidea. B. A. N. Z. Antarctic Research Expedition 1929 - 1931, B 9, 68 - 70." type="journal article" year="1962">Clark 1962</bibRefCitation>
) shows a comparable number of paxillar spinelets (3040), but far fewer furrow spines (two or three) in
<taxonomicName id="4C754D3EFFD7022D17E81A51FE41925E" authority="(Koehler 1912)" baseAuthorityName="Koehler" baseAuthorityYear="1912" box="[151,483,1295,1321]" class="Asteroidea" family="Solasteridae" genus="Paralophaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="8" pageNumber="75" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="antarcticus">
<emphasis id="B901EAAFFFD7022D17E81A51FE92925E" box="[151,304,1296,1321]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="75">P. antarcticus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFE44B4CFFD7022D16411A4EFE78925E" author="Koehler, R." box="[318,474,1295,1321]" pageId="8" pageNumber="75" pagination="151 - 163" refId="ref24616" refString="Koehler, R. (1912) Echinodermes nouveaux recueillis dans les mers antarctiques par le ' Pourquoi Pas? ' (Asteries, Ophiures et Echinides). Zoologischer Anzeiger, 39, 151 - 163. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 85347" type="journal article" year="1912">Koehler 1912</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
with far fewer paxillar spinelets and furrow spines in
<taxonomicName id="4C754D3EFFD7022D133E1A51FAD2925E" authority="(Koehler 1912)" baseAuthorityName="Koehler" baseAuthorityYear="1912" box="[1089,1392,1295,1321]" class="Asteroidea" family="Solasteridae" genus="Paralophaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="8" pageNumber="75" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="godfroyi">
<emphasis id="B901EAAFFFD7022D133E1A51FB18925E" box="[1089,1210,1295,1321]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="75">P. godfroyi</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFE44B4CFFD7022D13B61A4EFACA925E" author="Koehler, R." box="[1225,1384,1295,1321]" pageId="8" pageNumber="75" pagination="151 - 163" refId="ref24616" refString="Koehler, R. (1912) Echinodermes nouveaux recueillis dans les mers antarctiques par le ' Pourquoi Pas? ' (Asteries, Ophiures et Echinides). Zoologischer Anzeiger, 39, 151 - 163. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 85347" type="journal article" year="1912">Koehler 1912</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCA36BDFFD7022D17B81A73FC3E923A" blockId="8.[151,1437,863,2041]" box="[199,924,1330,1357]" pageId="8" pageNumber="75">
<emphasis id="B901EAAFFFD7022D17B81A73FEF8923A" bold="true" box="[199,346,1330,1357]" pageId="8" pageNumber="75">Occurrence.</emphasis>
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<collectingCountry id="F362762DFFD7022D161E1A72FE06923A" box="[353,420,1331,1357]" name="Japan" pageId="8" pageNumber="75">Japan</collectingCountry>
,
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,
<collectingMunicipality id="6BAEACC7FFD7022D15F01A72FCAE923A" box="[655,780,1331,1357]" pageId="8" pageNumber="75">Izu Islands</collectingMunicipality>
,
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.
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</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36F6536FFD7022F17B81A17FD0E96A4" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="77" pageId="8" pageNumber="75" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BCA36BDFFD7022D17B81A17FE5A92E2" blockId="8.[151,1437,863,2041]" pageId="8" pageNumber="75">
<emphasis id="B901EAAFFFD7022D17B81A17FEFB9206" bold="true" box="[199,345,1366,1393]" pageId="8" pageNumber="75">Description.</emphasis>
Body stellate (R/r=3.0), disk thick, strongly arched, arms round and trunk-like, oral surface flat. Interradial arcs acute (
<figureCitation id="134E2A38FFD7022D16EE1A3AFE4992E2" box="[401,491,1403,1429]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1908,1933]" captionTargetBox="[160,1430,183,1883]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,174,1889]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 3. Paralophaster gomo n. sp. Holotype, NSMT-E-11294. Scale bar=0.5 cm for all except B and C. A. Abactinal surface. B. Closeup of abactinal surface. Scale bar=2.0 mm. C. Oral surface. Scale bar=0.5 cm. D. Closeup of oral region. E. Small specimen showing large primary plates NMST E-11260." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3702851" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3702851/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="75">Fig. 3A</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCA36BDFFD7022D17B81ADEFA8D9032" blockId="8.[151,1437,863,2041]" pageId="8" pageNumber="75">
Abactinal skeleton reticulate but close-set, central regions with primarily single but a minority with two to four papular pores emerging through a translucent membrane framed by the skeletal bars (
<figureCitation id="134E2A38FFD7022D13361A82FB0292AA" box="[1097,1184,1475,1501]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1908,1933]" captionTargetBox="[160,1430,183,1883]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,174,1889]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 3. Paralophaster gomo n. sp. Holotype, NSMT-E-11294. Scale bar=0.5 cm for all except B and C. A. Abactinal surface. B. Closeup of abactinal surface. Scale bar=2.0 mm. C. Oral surface. Scale bar=0.5 cm. D. Closeup of oral region. E. Small specimen showing large primary plates NMST E-11260." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3702851" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3702851/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="75">Fig. 3B</figureCitation>
). Papular regions largest proximally on disk becoming smaller distally along arms to such an extent that papular areas adjacent to arm terminus are tightly compressed and/or absent. In NMST E-11260 (R=1.2), skin is translucent proximally becoming opaque distally. Intersection of skeletal plates around papular pores with thick tufts of webbed, hyaline spinelets, approximately five to 50, mostly 2040, per tuft. Each hyaline, serrated spinelet with one or two tips. These paxillar tufts occur in ordered, linear series along the arms. In larger individuals (R&gt;2.0) these tufts are densely packed but are more widely spread out in smaller individuals (R=1.2). Tufts are round to oval-shaped in outline. Paxillar tufts are largest on the primary circlet and those of the subsequent six to 10 carinal plates are very prominent, showing greater size disparity between these and the other plates observed on the smallest specimen (R=1.2) (
<figureCitation id="134E2A38FFD7022D127D19A2FAFB918A" box="[1282,1369,1763,1789]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1908,1933]" captionTargetBox="[160,1430,183,1883]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,174,1889]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 3. Paralophaster gomo n. sp. Holotype, NSMT-E-11294. Scale bar=0.5 cm for all except B and C. A. Abactinal surface. B. Closeup of abactinal surface. Scale bar=2.0 mm. C. Oral surface. Scale bar=0.5 cm. D. Closeup of oral region. E. Small specimen showing large primary plates NMST E-11260." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3702851" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3702851/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="75">Fig. 3E</figureCitation>
). Larger specimens show more homogeneity between carinal and primary papillae tuft size and shape. Interradial disk regions with distinct folded area between arms. Madreporite strongly convex. No pedicellariae observed.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCA36BDFFD7022D17B8180EFB0C908E" blockId="8.[151,1437,863,2041]" pageId="8" pageNumber="75">
Superomarginals, 3254 per interradius (1617 per arm), significantly smaller than inferomarginals, comparable to identical in size and morphology with abactinal plates. Inferomarginal plates, approximately 32 to 36 per interradius, much larger, at least three to five times larger than superomarginal, covered by webbed, serrated spinelets, 2050 and forming distinct actinolateral border. The smaller individual, NMST E-11260, shows three larger primary spines with serrated edges. Both marginal plate series show widely distinct spacing (
<figureCitation id="134E2A38FFD7022D1335189EFB03908E" box="[1098,1185,2015,2041]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1908,1933]" captionTargetBox="[160,1430,183,1883]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,174,1889]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 3. Paralophaster gomo n. sp. Holotype, NSMT-E-11294. Scale bar=0.5 cm for all except B and C. A. Abactinal surface. B. Closeup of abactinal surface. Scale bar=2.0 mm. C. Oral surface. Scale bar=0.5 cm. D. Closeup of oral region. E. Small specimen showing large primary plates NMST E-11260." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3702851" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3702851/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="75">Fig. 3E</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF0A6635FFD6022C17E81835FD7690A2" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3702851" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3702851" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3702851/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="76" startId="9.[151,250,1908,1933]" targetBox="[160,1430,183,1883]" targetPageId="9">
<paragraph id="8BCA36BDFFD6022C17E81835FD7690A2" blockId="9.[151,1436,1908,2005]" pageId="9" pageNumber="76">
<emphasis id="B901EAAFFFD6022C17E81835FEB190FA" bold="true" box="[151,275,1908,1933]" pageId="9" pageNumber="76">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C754D3EFFD6022C16661834FE4890FA" authority="Mah &amp; Fujita, 2020" authorityName="Mah &amp; Fujita" authorityYear="2020" box="[281,490,1909,1933]" class="Asteroidea" family="Solasteridae" genus="Paralophaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="9" pageNumber="76" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="gomo" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B901EAAFFFD6022C16661834FE4890FA" box="[281,490,1909,1933]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="76">Paralophaster gomo</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B901EAAFFFD6022C168E1834FD8890FA" bold="true" box="[497,554,1909,1933]" pageId="9" pageNumber="76">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23257D4FFD6022C168E1834FD8890FA" box="[497,554,1909,1933]" pageId="9" pageNumber="76" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
Holotype, NSMT-E-11294. Scale bar=0.5 cm for all except B and C.
<emphasis id="B901EAAFFFD6022C13911835FAA490FA" bold="true" box="[1262,1286,1908,1933]" pageId="9" pageNumber="76">A.</emphasis>
Abactinal surface.
<emphasis id="B901EAAFFFD6022C17B218D8FF4690C6" bold="true" box="[205,228,1945,1969]" pageId="9" pageNumber="76">B.</emphasis>
Closeup of abactinal surface. Scale bar=2.0 mm.
<emphasis id="B901EAAFFFD6022C15A718D9FD5290C6" bold="true" box="[728,752,1944,1969]" pageId="9" pageNumber="76">C.</emphasis>
Oral surface. Scale bar=0.5 cm.
<emphasis id="B901EAAFFFD6022C134618D8FBF090C6" bold="true" box="[1081,1106,1945,1969]" pageId="9" pageNumber="76">D.</emphasis>
Closeup of oral region.
<emphasis id="B901EAAFFFD6022C123B18D8FAFE90C6" bold="true" box="[1348,1372,1945,1969]" pageId="9" pageNumber="76">E.</emphasis>
Small specimen showing large primary plates NMST E-11260.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BCA36BDFFD5022F17B81FD8FD0E96A4" blockId="10.[151,1437,153,827]" pageId="10" pageNumber="77">
Actinal region composed of wide, flattened, adambulacral plates, arranged transversely relative to tube foot groove, separated by distinct tissue filled gap (
<figureCitation id="134E2A38FFD5022F15E21FFCFD5597A0" box="[669,759,189,215]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1908,1933]" captionTargetBox="[160,1430,183,1883]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,174,1889]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 3. Paralophaster gomo n. sp. Holotype, NSMT-E-11294. Scale bar=0.5 cm for all except B and C. A. Abactinal surface. B. Closeup of abactinal surface. Scale bar=2.0 mm. C. Oral surface. Scale bar=0.5 cm. D. Closeup of oral region. E. Small specimen showing large primary plates NMST E-11260." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3702851" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3702851/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="77">Fig. 3D</figureCitation>
). Adambulacral plates and gaps in direct contact with inferomarginal series with approximately two adambulacral plates corresponding to every inferomarginal plate. The side of the adambulacral extending into the tube foot groove with a curved fan of webbed hyaline furrow spines, 10 to 15. A second series of spines (subambulacrals) in a curved, nearly transverse fan sits a significant difference away from the furrow spines at an oblique angle. The spines on the second series, seven to nine in number and approximately twice as thick as those on the furrow spines. Oral plates with smooth, bare surface, strongly convex paired plates adjacent to oral region, crest formed by these plates each bearing tuft of 10 to 20 hyaline spinelets. Oral plate furrow spines, 15 to 20 pointed and glassine in texture.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36F6536FFD5022F17B81E9DFF79944C" pageId="10" pageNumber="77" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BCA36BDFFD5022F17B81E9DFF79944C" blockId="10.[151,1437,153,827]" pageId="10" pageNumber="77">
<emphasis id="B901EAAFFFD5022F17B81E9DFE1A9680" bold="true" box="[199,440,476,503]" pageId="10" pageNumber="77">Material Examined.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B1D3CE0FFD5022F16BF1E9CFB18956C" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2575116177" collectingDate="1997-05-14" collectionCode="NSMT, R, V" country="Japan" elevation="153" location="Tosa Bay" municipality="Kotaka-maru" pageId="10" pageNumber="77" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="B901EAAFFFD5022F16BF1E9CFD969680" bold="true" box="[448,564,477,503]" pageId="10" pageNumber="77">
<typeStatus id="54CE881FFFD5022F16BF1E9CFD8D9680" box="[448,559,477,503]" pageId="10" pageNumber="77" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
.
</emphasis>
<collectionCode id="ED64AE78FFD5022F15421E9CFD289680" box="[573,650,477,503]" country="Japan" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/f678-ci92" name="National Science Museum (Natural History)" pageId="10" pageNumber="77">NSMT</collectionCode>
E-11294,
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,
<collectingCountry id="F362762DFFD5022F14071E9CFC199680" box="[888,955,477,503]" name="Japan" pageId="10" pageNumber="77">Japan</collectingCountry>
, 33˚14.993N, 133˚36.523E33˚14.647N, 133˚36.215E,
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, Coll.
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<emphasis id="B901EAAFFFD5022F15361D40FD47956C" box="[585,741,513,539]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="77">
<collectingMunicipality id="6BAEACC7FFD5022F15361D40FD43956C" box="[585,737,513,539]" pageId="10" pageNumber="77">Kotaka-maru</collectingMunicipality>
,
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<collectingDate id="EF8FE995FFD5022F15901D40FC2E956C" box="[751,908,513,539]" pageId="10" pageNumber="77" value="1997-05-14">14 May 1997</collectingDate>
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, 1 wet spec.,
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=2.4 r=1.0
</materialsCitation>
.
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<emphasis id="B901EAAFFFD5022F13B81D40FAE4956C" bold="true" box="[1223,1350,513,539]" pageId="10" pageNumber="77">
<typeStatus id="54CE881FFFD5022F13B81D40FAE3956C" box="[1223,1345,513,539]" pageId="10" pageNumber="77" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
.
</emphasis>
<collectionCode id="ED64AE78FFD5022F12301D40FA3E956C" box="[1359,1436,513,539]" pageId="10" pageNumber="77">NMST</collectionCode>
E-11260,
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,
<collectingRegion id="49B1F85FFFD5022F15F71D64FC289548" box="[648,906,549,575]" country="Japan" name="Kagoshima" pageId="10" pageNumber="77">Kagoshima Prefecture</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="F362762DFFD5022F14E51D64FC7F9548" box="[922,989,549,575]" name="Japan" pageId="10" pageNumber="77">Japan</collectingCountry>
, 28˚21.23N, 129˚13.60E28˚21.41N, 129˚14.10E,
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,
<collectorName id="2680536BFFD5022F16BB1D08FE5A9514" box="[452,504,585,611]" pageId="10" pageNumber="77">Coll</collectorName>
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.
<materialsCitation id="3B1D3CE0FFD5022F157B1D08FC159514" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2575116166" box="[516,951,585,611]" collectionCode="R, V" country="Japan" location="Toyoshio-maru" pageId="10" pageNumber="77" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Kagoshima" typeStatus="paratype">
<collectionCode id="ED64AE78FFD5022F157B1D08FDB49514" box="[516,534,585,611]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="10" pageNumber="77">R</collectionCode>
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<collectionCode id="ED64AE78FFD5022F15601D08FD909514" box="[543,562,585,611]" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" pageId="10" pageNumber="77" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
<emphasis id="B901EAAFFFD5022F15431D08FD4E9514" box="[572,748,585,611]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="77">
<location id="8EAA6066FFD5022F15431D08FD459514" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DC87ABFFD7022F17E81DB3FF79944C:8EAA6066FFD5022F15431D08FD459514" box="[572,743,585,611]" country="Japan" name="Toyoshio-maru" pageId="10" pageNumber="77" stateProvince="Kagoshima">Toyoshio-maru</location>
,
</emphasis>
St. 7 1 wet spec
</materialsCitation>
.,
<materialsCitation id="3B1D3CE0FFD5022F14B61D08FC7695F0" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2575116235" collectionCode="R, NSMT" collectorName="Coll" country="Japan" elevation="153" location="Tosa Bay" pageId="10" pageNumber="77" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Kagoshima" typeStatus="paratype">
<collectionCode id="ED64AE78FFD5022F14B61D08FC7F9514" box="[969,989,585,611]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="10" pageNumber="77">R</collectionCode>
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<collectionCode id="ED64AE78FFD5022F131A1D08FB109514" box="[1125,1202,585,611]" country="Japan" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/f678-ci92" name="National Science Museum (Natural History)" pageId="10" pageNumber="77">NSMT</collectionCode>
E-11295,
<location id="8EAA6066FFD5022F12531D08FA3A9514" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DC87ABFFD7022F17E81DB3FF79944C:8EAA6066FFD5022F12531D08FA3A9514" box="[1324,1432,585,611]" country="Japan" name="Tosa Bay" pageId="10" pageNumber="77" stateProvince="Kagoshima">Tosa Bay</location>
, 33˚14.993N, 133˚36.523E33˚14.647N, 133˚36.215E,
<quantity id="4C8D9B58FFD5022F146A1D2DFC3795F0" box="[789,917,620,647]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.53" metricValueMax="1.55" metricValueMin="1.51" pageId="10" pageNumber="77" unit="m" value="153.0" valueMax="155.0" valueMin="151.0">
<elevation id="0058D18EFFD5022F146A1D2DFC3795F0" box="[789,917,620,647]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.53" metricValueMax="1.55" metricValueMin="1.51" pageId="10" pageNumber="77" unit="m" value="153.0" valueMax="155.0" valueMin="151.0">151155 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<collectorName id="2680536BFFD5022F14DF1D2CFC7695F0" box="[928,980,621,647]" pageId="10" pageNumber="77">Coll</collectorName>
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="3B1D3CE0FFD5022F14A21D2CFEBE95DC" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2575116199" collectingDate="1997-05-14" collectionCode="R, V" country="Japan" location="Kotaka-maru" municipality="St." pageId="10" pageNumber="77" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Kagoshima" typeStatus="paratype">
<collectionCode id="ED64AE78FFD5022F14A21D2CFC5295F0" box="[989,1008,621,647]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="10" pageNumber="77">R</collectionCode>
/
<collectionCode id="ED64AE78FFD5022F14871D2CFBAE95F0" box="[1016,1036,621,647]" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" pageId="10" pageNumber="77" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
<emphasis id="B901EAAFFFD5022F136D1D2CFB0C95F0" box="[1042,1198,621,647]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="77">
<location id="8EAA6066FFD5022F136D1D2CFB0895F0" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DC87ABFFD7022F17E81DB3FF79944C:8EAA6066FFD5022F136D1D2CFB0895F0" box="[1042,1194,621,647]" country="Japan" municipality="St." name="Kotaka-maru" pageId="10" pageNumber="77" stateProvince="Kagoshima">Kotaka-maru</location>
,
</emphasis>
<collectingMunicipality id="6BAEACC7FFD5022F13CB1D2CFB7195F0" box="[1204,1235,621,647]" pageId="10" pageNumber="77">St.</collectingMunicipality>
15,
<date id="FFCB107DFFD5022F127D1D2CFA3A95F0" box="[1282,1432,621,647]" pageId="10" pageNumber="77" value="1997-05-14">
<collectingDate id="EF8FE995FFD5022F127D1D2CFA3A95F0" box="[1282,1432,621,647]" pageId="10" pageNumber="77" value="1997-05-14">14 May 1997</collectingDate>
</date>
, 1 wet spec
</materialsCitation>
.,
<materialsCitation id="3B1D3CE0FFD5022F16501DD0FC2295B8" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2575116220" collectionCode="R, NSMT" collectorName="Coll" country="Japan" county="Izu Islands" elevation="206" location="Between Hachijyo-jima Island" municipality="Mikura-jima Island" pageId="10" pageNumber="77" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Kagoshima" typeStatus="paratype">
<collectionCode id="ED64AE78FFD5022F16501DD0FEE095DC" box="[303,322,657,683]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="10" pageNumber="77">R</collectionCode>
=2.4 r=1.0;
<collectionCode id="ED64AE78FFD5022F16B01DD0FDBE95DC" box="[463,540,657,683]" country="Japan" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/f678-ci92" name="National Science Museum (Natural History)" pageId="10" pageNumber="77">NSMT</collectionCode>
E-7119,
<location id="8EAA6066FFD5022F15F41DD0FC4B95DC" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DC87ABFFD7022F17E81DB3FF79944C:8EAA6066FFD5022F15F41DD0FC4B95DC" box="[651,1001,657,683]" country="Japan" county="Izu Islands" municipality="Mikura-jima Island" name="Between Hachijyo-jima Island" pageId="10" pageNumber="77" stateProvince="Kagoshima">Between Hachijyo-jima Island</location>
and
<collectingMunicipality id="6BAEACC7FFD5022F13571DD0FAA595DC" box="[1064,1287,657,683]" pageId="10" pageNumber="77">Mikura-jima Island</collectingMunicipality>
,
<collectingCounty id="62AB4E31FFD5022F12681DD0FA3A95DC" box="[1303,1432,657,683]" pageId="10" pageNumber="77">Izu Islands</collectingCounty>
, 33˚27.3N, 139˚42.6E33˚27.7N, 139˚42.4E,
<quantity id="4C8D9B58FFD5022F15C91DF4FC9995B8" box="[694,827,693,719]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.055" metricValueMax="2.11" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="77" unit="m" value="205.5" valueMax="211.0" valueMin="200.0">
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</quantity>
,
<collectorName id="2680536BFFD5022F14331DF4FC2295B8" box="[844,896,693,719]" pageId="10" pageNumber="77">Coll</collectorName>
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="3B1D3CE0FFD5022F14F01DF4FEBB9584" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2575116219" collectingDate="2003-10-21" collectionCode="R, V" country="Japan" location="St." pageId="10" pageNumber="77" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Kagoshima" typeStatus="paratype">
<collectionCode id="ED64AE78FFD5022F14F01DF4FC0395B8" box="[911,929,693,719]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="10" pageNumber="77">R</collectionCode>
/
<collectionCode id="ED64AE78FFD5022F14D51DF4FC1F95B8" box="[938,957,693,719]" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" pageId="10" pageNumber="77" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
<emphasis id="B901EAAFFFD5022F14B61DF4FBC195B8" box="[969,1123,693,719]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="77">Shinyo-maru</emphasis>
,
<location id="8EAA6066FFD5022F13091DF4FB3795B8" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DC87ABFFD7022F17E81DB3FF79944C:8EAA6066FFD5022F13091DF4FB3795B8" box="[1142,1173,693,719]" country="Japan" name="St." pageId="10" pageNumber="77" stateProvince="Kagoshima">St.</location>
20,
<date id="FFCB107DFFD5022F13B01DF4FA3A95B8" box="[1231,1432,693,719]" pageId="10" pageNumber="77" value="2003-10-21">
<collectingDate id="EF8FE995FFD5022F13B01DF4FA3A95B8" box="[1231,1432,693,719]" pageId="10" pageNumber="77" value="2003-10-21">21 October 2003</collectingDate>
</date>
, 1 wet spec
</materialsCitation>
.,
<materialsCitation id="3B1D3CE0FFD5022F16541D98FCAD9460" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2575116118" collectionCode="R, NSMT" collectorName="Coll" country="Japan" county="Ogasawara Islands" elevation="134" location="South" municipality="Chichi-jima Island" pageId="10" pageNumber="77" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Kagoshima" typeStatus="paratype">
<collectionCode id="ED64AE78FFD5022F16541D98FE9D9584" box="[299,319,729,755]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="10" pageNumber="77">R</collectionCode>
=1.2
<collectionCode id="ED64AE78FFD5022F16051D98FE2C9584" box="[378,398,729,755]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="10" pageNumber="77">R</collectionCode>
=0.3;
<collectionCode id="ED64AE78FFD5022F16AD1D98FDBD9584" box="[466,543,729,755]" country="Japan" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/f678-ci92" name="National Science Museum (Natural History)" pageId="10" pageNumber="77">NSMT</collectionCode>
E-10641,
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west of
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,
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., 27˚1.536N, 142˚7.388E27˚1.855N, 142˚7.414E,
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,
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</materialsCitation>
.
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<collectionCode id="ED64AE78FFD5022F14671DBCFC889460" box="[792,810,765,791]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="10" pageNumber="77">R</collectionCode>
/
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<location id="8EAA6066FFD5022F14331DBFFC259460" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DC87ABFFD7022F17E81DB3FF79944C:8EAA6066FFD5022F14331DBFFC259460" box="[844,903,766,791]" country="Japan" municipality="St." name="Koyo" pageId="10" pageNumber="77" stateProvince="Kagoshima">Koyo</location>
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,
<collectingMunicipality id="6BAEACC7FFD5022F14EB1DBCFC119460" box="[916,947,765,791]" pageId="10" pageNumber="77">St.</collectingMunicipality>
KY-16-01,
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<collectingDate id="EF8FE995FFD5022F134A1DBCFB679460" box="[1077,1221,764,791]" pageId="10" pageNumber="77" value="2015-07-11">11 July 2015</collectingDate>
</date>
, 1 wet spec
</materialsCitation>
.,
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=8.0 r=3.0.
</paragraph>
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</treatment>
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