423 lines
48 KiB
XML
423 lines
48 KiB
XML
<document id="5E7D84D095AADA3C9EC52EA884332580" ID-CLB-Dataset="42358" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3873.5.5" ID-GBIF-Dataset="57f18dad-5ee3-4df1-83f6-32c19e460d7b" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="230839" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460939790093" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Penz, Carla M., Alexander, Laura G. & Devries, Philip J." docDate="2014" docId="03DC878D3361FFBBFF479FE4FCBDFC3B" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03873p559.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3873 (5)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Cithaerias cliftoni Constantino, STAT. REV." docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="549" masterDocId="FFE5FFF53366FFB2FFD09C4BFFAEFFF3" masterDocTitle="Revised species definitions and nomenclature of the rose colored Cithaerias butterflies (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Satyrinae)" masterLastPageNumber="559" masterPageNumber="541" pageNumber="548" updateTime="1698583974287" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo id="137B790213D50C9E454ACF0883941E4D">
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<mods:title id="C0B92B7CD04899F659083936867420B3">Revised species definitions and nomenclature of the rose colored Cithaerias butterflies (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Satyrinae)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="0C61484C0C37174F3EA84A52639FDEFF" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="A1D3EA39276699DDEA9F74C05E3883EF">Penz, Carla M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="FB912946574CDC9C49A872FCE65FCB7C">Alexander, Laura G.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="9E38FCF5AA34A45D3D42F8CDC5B27FBD" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="94273B0EC17FE47B0C2A8DE796AEF20F">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="67D61CF3206790025CBDDB8549096B71">Devries, Philip J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="56D956D26DD41D125F784B6AE851B1F9">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="290ABD4FEC28F90A1D55F7BDB2ED9166">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="6F0B913A0200BF4BD339706C71ADBC25">
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<mods:date id="50D6F4EC92D80ED9E15B0EBC420CA1C8">2014</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="AEE29F6616FAFD1F8344A3F89C2C4825" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="A6BE968392C1C00AF516E7547AB2C1C8">3873</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="E6BF59FCE0624A3C6C2D88DCAF56AC95" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3873.5.5</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03DC878D3361FFBBFF479FE4FCBDFC3B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6131665" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119591326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6131665" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DC878D3361FFBBFF479FE4FCBDFC3B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DC878D3361FFBBFF479FE4FCBDFC3B" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="549" pageId="7" pageNumber="548">
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<subSubSection id="C36F65103361FFB5FF479FE4FED7FC18" pageId="7" pageNumber="548" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BCA369B3361FFB5FF479FE4FD6FFC39" blockId="7.[151,705,943,1003]" box="[151,705,943,970]" pageId="7" pageNumber="548">
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<heading id="D08281F73361FFB5FF479FE4FD6FFC39" bold="true" box="[151,705,943,970]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="548" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B901EA893361FFB5FF479FE4FD6FFC39" bold="true" box="[151,705,943,970]" pageId="7" pageNumber="548">
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<taxonomicName id="4C754D183361FFB5FF479FE4FDBAFC39" authority="Constantino" authorityName="Constantino" box="[151,532,943,970]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Cithaerias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="548" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cliftoni" status="stat. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B901EA893361FFB5FF479FE4FEDCFC3A" bold="true" box="[151,370,943,969]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="548">Cithaerias cliftoni</emphasis>
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Constantino
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23257F23361FFB5FDF09FFBFD6FFC39" box="[544,705,944,970]" pageId="7" pageNumber="548">STAT. REV.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BCA369B3361FFB5FF479F99FED7FC18" blockId="7.[151,705,943,1003]" box="[151,377,978,1003]" pageId="7" pageNumber="548">
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(
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<figureCitation id="134E2A1E3361FFB5FF4F9F99FF49FC18" box="[159,231,978,1003]" captionStart="FIGURE 3. C" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1709,1731]" captionTargetBox="[158,1429,340,1667]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,335,1671]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 3. C. cliftoni; dorsal view on the left, ventral on the right—except when indicated (a). Collecting localities and genitalia dissection codes appear below each specimen." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/230842/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="548">Figs 3</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="134E2A1E3361FFB5FF239F99FEACFC18" box="[243,258,978,1003]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1818,1840]" captionTargetBox="[260,1320,202,1764]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[253,1324,191,1766]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 6. Male genitalia in lateral and ventral views, tegument and uncus in dorsal view, and subscaphium in ventral view. Valva setae shown on one side only. When not clearly visible in the lateral view illustration, the phallus was shown separately. The position of the phallus varies between illustrations, which does not reflect true variation in length. Given that the two parts of the subscaphium (subanal plate and adjacent sclerotized area) rest on the membranous diaphragma, the variation in the shape of the subanal plate includes preparation artifacts (compare c – e which belong to the same species). Scale bar 1 mm for all images. a, C. pireta dissection CMP 13 - 09; b, C. cliftoni dissection LGA 12 - 05; c – e, C. aurora dissections CMP 13 - 16, CMP 13 - 19 and CMP 13 - 18." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/230845/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="548">6</figureCitation>
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b, 8b–c, 9)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C36F65103361FFB5FF479851FB28FBA4" pageId="7" pageNumber="548" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BCA369B3361FFB5FF479851FB28FBA4" blockId="7.[151,1437,1050,2011]" pageId="7" pageNumber="548">
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<emphasis id="B901EA893361FFB5FF479851FEE7FBC0" bold="true" box="[151,329,1050,1075]" pageId="7" pageNumber="548">
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<typeStatus id="54CE88393361FFB5FF479851FF7AFBC0" box="[151,212,1050,1075]" pageId="7" pageNumber="548">Type</typeStatus>
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material:
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</emphasis>
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<typeStatus id="54CE88393361FFB5FE809851FE16FBC0" box="[336,440,1050,1075]" pageId="7" pageNumber="548" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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is in the Museo de Historia Natural, Universidad de Caldas, Manizales,
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<collectingCountry id="F362760B3361FFB5FB349851FAFCFBC0" box="[1252,1362,1050,1075]" name="Colombia" pageId="7" pageNumber="548">Colombia</collectingCountry>
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http:// www.butterfliesofamerica.com/L/ih/n_
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<taxonomicName id="4C754D183361FFB5FD9F9875FD12FBA4" box="[591,700,1086,1111]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Cithaerias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="559" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">cithaerias</taxonomicName>
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0019_i.htm (last accessed
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<date id="FFCB105B3361FFB5FC309874FBD5FBA4" box="[992,1147,1087,1111]" pageId="7" pageNumber="548" value="2014-06-22">22 June 2014</date>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C36F65103361FFB5FF179829FB96FB6C" pageId="7" pageNumber="548" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="8BCA369B3361FFB5FF179829FB96FB6C" blockId="7.[151,1437,1050,2011]" pageId="7" pageNumber="548">
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<emphasis id="B901EA893361FFB5FF179829FECEFB88" bold="true" box="[199,352,1122,1147]" pageId="7" pageNumber="548">Distribution.</emphasis>
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<collectingCountry id="F362760B3361FFB5FEB99829FE74FB88" box="[361,474,1122,1147]" name="Colombia" pageId="7" pageNumber="548">Colombia</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F362760B3361FFB5FE389829FDEBFB88" box="[488,581,1122,1147]" name="Ecuador" pageId="7" pageNumber="548">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
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and
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<collectingCountry id="F362760B3361FFB5FDAF9828FD1BFB89" box="[639,693,1123,1146]" name="Peru" pageId="7" pageNumber="548">Peru</collectingCountry>
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, east of the Andes. Available collection records suggest that this species is not sympatric with
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<taxonomicName id="4C754D183361FFB5FE3198CCFDFEFB6D" box="[481,592,1159,1182]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Cithaerias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="548" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aurora">
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<emphasis id="B901EA893361FFB5FE3198CCFDFEFB6D" box="[481,592,1159,1182]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="548">C. aurora</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. See map (
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<figureCitation id="134E2A1E3361FFB5FD1D98CDFCBEFB6C" box="[717,784,1158,1183]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1170,1192]" captionTargetBox="[168,1420,196,1125]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[160,1427,191,1132]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 9. Map showing the collecting localities of examined specimens (excluding dubious localities)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/230848/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="548">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
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) for examined specimens.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C36F65103361FFB5FF1798E1FB8BF964" pageId="7" pageNumber="548" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BCA369B3361FFB5FF1798E1FB8BF964" blockId="7.[151,1437,1050,2011]" pageId="7" pageNumber="548">
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<emphasis id="B901EA893361FFB5FF1798E1FEEFFB30" bold="true" box="[199,321,1194,1219]" pageId="7" pageNumber="548">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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We define this species based on the following combination of characters (numbered in
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<figureCitation id="134E2A1E3361FFB5FAF198E1FACBFB30" box="[1313,1381,1194,1219]" captionStart="FIGURE 3. C" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1709,1731]" captionTargetBox="[158,1429,340,1667]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,335,1671]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 3. C. cliftoni; dorsal view on the left, ventral on the right—except when indicated (a). Collecting localities and genitalia dissection codes appear below each specimen." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/230842/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="548">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
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): (1) male HW marginal band very thin; (2) male HW submarginal band usually thin, clearly separated from marginal band and slightly staggered; (3) male HW postmedial band that outlines the ocellus complete, reaching vein M3, or incomplete, not reaching M3; (4) male HW postmedial band usually thin, and usually complete across cells M3 through Cu2, forming a staggered pattern; (5) male distance between HW submarginal and postmedial bands usually similar to the width of the cells, but variable between cells; (6) male HW rose scaling more diffuse than
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<taxonomicName id="4C754D183361FFB5FA529914FF4BFA69" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Cithaerias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="548" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aurora">
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<emphasis id="B901EA893361FFB5FA529914FF4BFA69" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="548">C. aurora</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, less than
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<taxonomicName id="4C754D183361FFB5FE8E99C8FE6DFA69" box="[350,451,1411,1434]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Cithaerias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="548" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pireta">
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<emphasis id="B901EA893361FFB5FE8E99C8FE6DFA69" box="[350,451,1411,1434]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="548">C. pireta</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, usually entering discal cell; (7) female with much wider HW brown bands than male, forming arches in each cell; (8) female HW scaling usually limited to postmedial area but sometimes reaching the medial area, varying in color from white to rose. In both sexes, FW brown bands vary from incomplete (below discal cell only) to nearly absent. Male genitalia (
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<figureCitation id="134E2A1E3361FFB5FD1F99A5FCBAF9F4" box="[719,788,1518,1543]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1818,1840]" captionTargetBox="[260,1320,202,1764]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[253,1324,191,1766]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 6. Male genitalia in lateral and ventral views, tegument and uncus in dorsal view, and subscaphium in ventral view. Valva setae shown on one side only. When not clearly visible in the lateral view illustration, the phallus was shown separately. The position of the phallus varies between illustrations, which does not reflect true variation in length. Given that the two parts of the subscaphium (subanal plate and adjacent sclerotized area) rest on the membranous diaphragma, the variation in the shape of the subanal plate includes preparation artifacts (compare c – e which belong to the same species). Scale bar 1 mm for all images. a, C. pireta dissection CMP 13 - 09; b, C. cliftoni dissection LGA 12 - 05; c – e, C. aurora dissections CMP 13 - 16, CMP 13 - 19 and CMP 13 - 18." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/230845/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="548">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
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b): in lateral view the tall valva is narrow, and in ventral view it lacks an inner projection; in dorsal view the lateral edges of uncus plus tegument are rounded; in ventral view the triangular shape of the weakly sclerotized subscaphium bears small spines—a key difference between
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<taxonomicName id="4C754D183361FFB5FA529A7CFF48F980" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Cithaerias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="548" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cliftoni">
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<emphasis id="B901EA893361FFB5FA529A7CFF48F980" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="548">C. cliftoni</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C754D183361FFB5FEF49A10FE38F981" box="[292,406,1627,1650]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Cithaerias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="548" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aurora">
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<emphasis id="B901EA893361FFB5FEF49A10FE38F981" box="[292,406,1627,1650]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="548">C. aurora</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Female genitalia (
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<figureCitation id="134E2A1E3361FFB5FDA89A11FD13F980" box="[632,701,1626,1651]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1788,1810]" captionTargetBox="[167,1426,455,1740]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[151,1436,443,1751]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 8. Female genitalia in ventral view, including schematic representation of papilla anales and abdomen outline. Scale bar Scale bar 1 mm for line drawings only. a, C. pireta dissection CMP 13 – 28, the arrow indicates lateral portion of the sterigma that is much reduced (and not illustrated) in other species; b – c, C. cliftoni dissections CMP 13 – 35 and 13 – 29; d, C. aurora dissection CMP 13 – 33; e, C. pyritosa dissection CMP 14 – 20. f, characteristic aspect of a mated female; note that the scaling anterior to the sterigma have been lifted by the mating plug." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/230847/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="548">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
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b–c): note the rounded sterigma (slightly variable in shape and width between specimens), and the heavily sclerotized post-sterigma indentation.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C36F65103361FFB5FF179AE9FE34F89D" pageId="7" pageNumber="548" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BCA369B3361FFB5FF179AE9FF63F8B9" blockId="7.[151,1437,1050,2011]" pageId="7" pageNumber="548">
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<emphasis id="B901EA893361FFB5FF179AE9FDC3F948" bold="true" box="[199,621,1698,1723]" pageId="7" pageNumber="548">
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Variation in wing pattern (
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<figureCitation id="134E2A1E3361FFB5FDC49AE9FDF0F948" box="[532,606,1698,1723]" captionStart="FIGURE 3. C" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1709,1731]" captionTargetBox="[158,1429,340,1667]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,335,1671]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 3. C. cliftoni; dorsal view on the left, ventral on the right—except when indicated (a). Collecting localities and genitalia dissection codes appear below each specimen." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/230842/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="548">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
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).
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</emphasis>
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In both sexes HW postmedial, submarginal and marginal bands show some variation in width, but this variation is more pronounced in females. Male HW rose scaling may show some fuchsia overtones and varies from being limited to the postmedial area (denser scaling pattern, resembling females) to reaching or entering the discal cell (scaling highly diffuse). Female HW scaling varies in color from off-white to rose.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BCA369B3361FFB5FF179B1DFE34F89D" blockId="7.[151,1437,1050,2011]" box="[199,410,1878,1903]" pageId="7" pageNumber="548">
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<emphasis id="B901EA893361FFB5FF179B1DFEE1F89C" bold="true" box="[199,335,1878,1903]" pageId="7" pageNumber="548">Subspecies.</emphasis>
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None.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C36F65103361FFBAFF179B31FCACFEEE" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="549" pageId="7" pageNumber="548" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BCA369B3361FFBAFF179B31FCACFEEE" blockId="7.[151,1437,1050,2011]" lastBlockId="8.[151,1437,151,285]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="549" pageId="7" pageNumber="548">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901EA893361FFB5FF179B31FE95F860" bold="true" box="[199,315,1914,1939]" pageId="7" pageNumber="548">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
The illustrations of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C754D183361FFB5FDE49B30FD33F861" box="[564,669,1915,1938]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Cithaerias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="548" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pireta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901EA893361FFB5FDE49B30FD33F861" box="[564,669,1915,1938]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="548">C. pireta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE44B6A3361FFB5FD1C9B30FC2DF860" author="Weymer" box="[716,899,1915,1939]" pageId="7" pageNumber="548" refString="Weymer, G. (1910) 4. Familie: Satyridae. In: Seitz, A. (Ed.), Die Gross-Schmetterlinge der Erde. A. Kernen, Stuttgart, pp. 173 - 283." type="book chapter" year="1910">Weymer (1910)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE44B6A3361FFB5FC159B30FBC6F860" author="Brown" box="[965,1128,1915,1939]" pageId="7" pageNumber="548" refString="Brown, F. M. (1942) Notes on Ecuadorian butterflies, V. Journal of the New York entomological Society, 50 (4), 309 - 333." type="journal article" year="1942">Brown (1942)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
correspond to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C754D183361FFB5FACF9B30FA3AF860" box="[1311,1428,1915,1939]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Cithaerias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="548" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cliftoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901EA893361FFB5FACF9B30FA3AF860" box="[1311,1428,1915,1939]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="548">C. cliftoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Although the male HW submarginal and postmedial bands are usually thin, in some specimens we found they were wider and more arched, appearing as female-like males. Male genitalia from a specimen collected in Villavicencio (
|
||
<typeStatus id="54CE8839336EFFBAFF4E9CD3FF7EFF43" box="[158,208,152,176]" pageId="8" pageNumber="549">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality;
|
||
<figureCitation id="134E2A1E336EFFBAFEED9CDCFED0FF43" box="[317,382,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURE 3. C" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1709,1731]" captionTargetBox="[158,1429,340,1667]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,335,1671]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 3. C. cliftoni; dorsal view on the left, ventral on the right—except when indicated (a). Collecting localities and genitalia dissection codes appear below each specimen." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/230842/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="549">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
a) match those from Ecuadorean, Colombian and Peruvian specimens that have more diffuse rose scaling (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134E2A1E336EFFBAFEFD9CF7FEDFFF26" box="[301,369,188,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1818,1840]" captionTargetBox="[260,1320,202,1764]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[253,1324,191,1766]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 6. Male genitalia in lateral and ventral views, tegument and uncus in dorsal view, and subscaphium in ventral view. Valva setae shown on one side only. When not clearly visible in the lateral view illustration, the phallus was shown separately. The position of the phallus varies between illustrations, which does not reflect true variation in length. Given that the two parts of the subscaphium (subanal plate and adjacent sclerotized area) rest on the membranous diaphragma, the variation in the shape of the subanal plate includes preparation artifacts (compare c – e which belong to the same species). Scale bar 1 mm for all images. a, C. pireta dissection CMP 13 - 09; b, C. cliftoni dissection LGA 12 - 05; c – e, C. aurora dissections CMP 13 - 16, CMP 13 - 19 and CMP 13 - 18." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/230845/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="549">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
b). Although we observed some variation in the valva, tegumen plus uncus, and saccus among specimens, the morphology of the subscaphium was uniformly consistent and we found no intermediate specimens between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C754D18336EFFBAFF2B9D4FFEC5FEEF" box="[251,363,260,284]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Cithaerias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="549" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cliftoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901EA89336EFFBAFF2B9D4FFEC5FEEF" box="[251,363,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="549">C. cliftoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="134E2A1E336EFFBAFEAA9D4FFE12FEEE" box="[378,444,260,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1818,1840]" captionTargetBox="[260,1320,202,1764]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[253,1324,191,1766]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 6. Male genitalia in lateral and ventral views, tegument and uncus in dorsal view, and subscaphium in ventral view. Valva setae shown on one side only. When not clearly visible in the lateral view illustration, the phallus was shown separately. The position of the phallus varies between illustrations, which does not reflect true variation in length. Given that the two parts of the subscaphium (subanal plate and adjacent sclerotized area) rest on the membranous diaphragma, the variation in the shape of the subanal plate includes preparation artifacts (compare c – e which belong to the same species). Scale bar 1 mm for all images. a, C. pireta dissection CMP 13 - 09; b, C. cliftoni dissection LGA 12 - 05; c – e, C. aurora dissections CMP 13 - 16, CMP 13 - 19 and CMP 13 - 18." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/230845/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="549">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
b) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C754D18336EFFBAFDDB9D4FFDD7FEEF" box="[523,633,260,284]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Cithaerias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="549" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aurora">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901EA89336EFFBAFDDB9D4FFDD7FEEF" box="[523,633,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="549">C. aurora</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="134E2A1E336EFFBAFD589D4FFD64FEEE" box="[648,714,260,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1818,1840]" captionTargetBox="[260,1320,202,1764]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[253,1324,191,1766]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 6. Male genitalia in lateral and ventral views, tegument and uncus in dorsal view, and subscaphium in ventral view. Valva setae shown on one side only. When not clearly visible in the lateral view illustration, the phallus was shown separately. The position of the phallus varies between illustrations, which does not reflect true variation in length. Given that the two parts of the subscaphium (subanal plate and adjacent sclerotized area) rest on the membranous diaphragma, the variation in the shape of the subanal plate includes preparation artifacts (compare c – e which belong to the same species). Scale bar 1 mm for all images. a, C. pireta dissection CMP 13 - 09; b, C. cliftoni dissection LGA 12 - 05; c – e, C. aurora dissections CMP 13 - 16, CMP 13 - 19 and CMP 13 - 18." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/230845/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="549">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
c–e).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF0A6613336EFFBAFF479AE6FD67F911" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/230842/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="549" targetBox="[158,1429,340,1667]" targetPageId="8">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCA369B336EFFBAFF479AE6FD67F911" blockId="8.[151,1435,1709,1762]" pageId="8" pageNumber="549">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901EA89336EFFBAFF479AE6FEB8F930" bold="true" box="[151,278,1709,1731]" pageId="8" pageNumber="549">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C754D18336EFFBAFEF09AE5FE27F930" box="[288,393,1710,1731]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Cithaerias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="549" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cliftoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901EA89336EFFBAFEF09AE5FE27F930" box="[288,393,1710,1731]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="549">C. cliftoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; dorsal view on the left, ventral on the right—except when indicated (a). Collecting localities and genitalia dissection codes appear below each specimen.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C36F6510336EFFBBFF179B43FCBDFC3B" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="550" pageId="8" pageNumber="549" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCA369B336EFFBBFF179B43FCBDFC3B" blockId="8.[151,1436,1800,2005]" lastBlockId="9.[151,1437,151,968]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="550" pageId="8" pageNumber="549">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901EA89336EFFBAFF179B43FDA3F8D2" bold="true" box="[199,525,1800,1825]" pageId="8" pageNumber="549">Material examined: MALE</emphasis>
|
||
: 1M
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F362760B336EFFBAFD9A9B43FD5FF8D2" box="[586,753,1800,1825]" name="Guyana" pageId="8" pageNumber="549">British Guiana</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F362760B336EFFBAFD2C9B42FCC4F8D3" box="[764,874,1801,1824]" name="Guyana" pageId="8" pageNumber="549">Demerara</collectingCountry>
|
||
River, no date, dissection CMP 13-17 (UFL); 1M
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F362760B336EFFBAFF479B67FEA6F8B6" box="[151,264,1836,1861]" name="Colombia" pageId="8" pageNumber="549">Colombia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, no date dissected by M. Clifton as part of a paratype-to-be series, slide 649, labeled as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C754D18336EFFBAFB299B66FAF5F8B7" box="[1273,1371,1836,1860]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Cithaerias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="549" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ereba">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901EA89336EFFBAFB299B66FAF5F8B7" box="[1273,1371,1836,1860]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="549">C. ereba</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, very similar to the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54CE8839336EFFBAFEE89B1AFEC6F89A" box="[312,360,1873,1897]" pageId="8" pageNumber="549">type</typeStatus>
|
||
specimen of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C754D18336EFFBAFDD49B1BFCFCF89A" authority="Constantino" authorityName="Constantino" box="[516,850,1872,1897]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Cithaerias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="549" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="pireta" subSpecies="cliftoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901EA89336EFFBAFDD49B1BFD6CF89B" box="[516,706,1872,1896]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="549">C. pireta cliftoni</emphasis>
|
||
Constantino
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED64AE5E336EFFBAFCB39B1BFC13F89B" box="[867,957,1872,1896]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/daw7-8h44" name="The Cleveland Museum of Natural History" pageId="8" pageNumber="549">CMNH</collectionCode>
|
||
); 1M
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F362760B336EFFBAFBD39B1BFBDAF89A" box="[1027,1140,1872,1897]" name="Colombia" pageId="8" pageNumber="549">Colombia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Rio Orteguaza, Rastrojo,
|
||
<date id="FFCB105B336EFFBAFF479B3FFE1AF87E" box="[151,436,1908,1933]" pageId="8" pageNumber="549" value="1947-08" valueMax="1947-09-31" valueMin="1947-08-00">August–September 1947</date>
|
||
, studied by M. Clifton as part of a paratype-to-be series, labeled as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C754D18336EFFBAFB329B3EFA32F87F" box="[1250,1436,1908,1932]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Cithaerias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="549" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="ereba" subSpecies="medea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901EA89336EFFBAFB329B3EFA32F87F" box="[1250,1436,1908,1932]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="549">C. ereba medea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED64AE5E336EFFBAFF4F9BD3FF57F843" box="[159,249,1944,1968]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/daw7-8h44" name="The Cleveland Museum of Natural History" pageId="8" pageNumber="549">CMNH</collectionCode>
|
||
); 1M
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F362760B336EFFBAFEED9BD3FE00F842" box="[317,430,1944,1969]" name="Colombia" pageId="8" pageNumber="549">Colombia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Putumayo, Orito Rd.
|
||
<quantity id="4C8D9B7E336EFFBAFD7F9BD3FD57F843" box="[687,761,1944,1968]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="549" unit="m" value="400.0">400 m</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFCB105B336EFFBAFCD69BD3FC23F843" box="[774,909,1944,1969]" pageId="8" pageNumber="549" value="1981-07-03">3 July 1981</date>
|
||
, dissection CMP 13-36 (UFL); 1M
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F362760B336EFFBAFAF79BD3FA36F842" box="[1319,1432,1944,1969]" name="Colombia" pageId="8" pageNumber="549">Colombia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Boyaca, Villavicencio, Rio Negro,
|
||
<date id="FFCB105B336EFFBAFDF99BF6FD75F826" box="[553,731,1980,2005]" pageId="8" pageNumber="549" value="1976-01-03">3 January 1976</date>
|
||
, dissection CMP 13-12 (UFL); 2M
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F362760B336EFFBAFBA69BF7FB78F826" box="[1142,1238,1980,2005]" name="Ecuador" pageId="8" pageNumber="549">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Yasuni National Park,
|
||
<date id="FFCB105B336FFFBBFF0A9CD3FE02FF43" box="[218,428,151,176]" pageId="9" pageNumber="550" value="2002-09-08">8 September 2002</date>
|
||
, dissection LG 12-04, and
|
||
<date id="FFCB105B336FFFBBFD339CD3FC3BFF43" box="[739,917,151,176]" pageId="9" pageNumber="550" value="1998-10-04">4 October 1998</date>
|
||
(UFL); 1M
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F362760B336FFFBBFBF59CDCFB2BFF43" box="[1061,1157,151,176]" name="Ecuador" pageId="9" pageNumber="550">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Oriente, Rio Pumagaco (sic)
|
||
<quantity id="4C8D9B7E336FFFBBFF049CF7FE8EFF27" box="[212,288,188,212]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="550" unit="m" value="700.0">700 m</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFCB105B336FFFBBFEE09CF7FDA8FF27" box="[304,518,188,213]" pageId="9" pageNumber="550" value="1971-09-05">5 September 1971</date>
|
||
, dissection LG 12-05 (UFL); 1M
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F362760B336FFFBBFC489CF7FC56FF26" box="[920,1016,188,213]" name="Ecuador" pageId="9" pageNumber="550">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Napo, Coca
|
||
<quantity id="4C8D9B7E336FFFBBFB4B9CF7FB46FF27" box="[1179,1256,188,212]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="550" unit="m" value="300.0">300 m</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFCB105B336FFFBBFB279CF7FA32FF27" box="[1271,1436,188,213]" pageId="9" pageNumber="550" value="1971-03-04">4 March 1971</date>
|
||
dissection LG 12-06 (UFL); 1M
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F362760B336FFFBBFDDF9C94FDC1FF0B" box="[527,623,223,248]" name="Ecuador" pageId="9" pageNumber="550">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Oriente, Rio Latas,
|
||
<date id="FFCB105B336FFFBBFC8E9CABFB95FF0B" box="[862,1083,223,248]" pageId="9" pageNumber="550" value="1971-09-10">10 September 1971</date>
|
||
(UFL); 1M
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F362760B336FFFBBFB1C9C94FA82FF0B" box="[1228,1324,223,248]" name="Ecuador" pageId="9" pageNumber="550">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||
, San Jose Julio
|
||
<quantity id="4C8D9B7E336FFFBBFF049D4FFEB2FEEF" box="[212,284,260,284]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="550" unit="m" value="800.0">800 m</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFCB105B336FFFBBFEF79D4FFE7DFEEF" box="[295,467,260,285]" pageId="9" pageNumber="550" value="1990-07-01" valueMax="1990-07-30" valueMin="1990-07-01">1–30 July 1990</date>
|
||
(UFL); 2M
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F362760B336FFFBBFD8C9D4FFD12FEEE" box="[604,700,260,285]" name="Ecuador" pageId="9" pageNumber="550">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Napo, Puerto Misahualli,
|
||
<date id="FFCB105B336FFFBBFC369D4FFB01FEEF" box="[998,1199,260,285]" pageId="9" pageNumber="550" value="1983-11-06">6 November 1983</date>
|
||
(UFL); 1M
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F362760B336FFFBBFAE89D4FFA36FEEE" box="[1336,1432,260,285]" name="Ecuador" pageId="9" pageNumber="550">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Napo, Rio Napo
|
||
<date id="FFCB105B336FFFBBFEB09D63FDEAFEB3" box="[352,580,296,320]" pageId="9" pageNumber="550" value="1978-08-22" valueMax="1978-08-24" valueMin="1978-08-22">22–24 August 1978</date>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED64AE5E336FFFBBFD869D63FD03FEB3" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34802" box="[598,685,296,320]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34802" name="Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County" pageId="9" pageNumber="550">LACM</collectionCode>
|
||
); 1M
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F362760B336FFFBBFD269D6CFCF8FEB3" box="[758,854,295,320]" name="Ecuador" pageId="9" pageNumber="550">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Oriente Rio Finoly (sic),
|
||
<date id="FFCB105B336FFFBBFB5E9D63FA88FEB3" box="[1166,1318,295,320]" pageId="9" pageNumber="550" value="1980-07-22">22 July 1980</date>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED64AE5E336FFFBBFAE99D63FA3EFEB3" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34802" box="[1337,1424,296,320]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34802" name="Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County" pageId="9" pageNumber="550">LACM</collectionCode>
|
||
);
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F362760B336FFFBBFF479D07FF59FE96" box="[151,247,332,357]" name="Ecuador" pageId="9" pageNumber="550">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Sucumbios, Garzacocha,
|
||
<date id="FFCB105B336FFFBBFDFF9D07FCEFFE97" box="[559,833,332,357]" pageId="9" pageNumber="550" value="1994-09-16" valueMax="1994-09-22" valueMin="1994-09-16">16–22 September 1994</date>
|
||
, dissection CMP 13-23 (UFL); 1M
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F362760B336FFFBBFB239D07FAFDFE96" box="[1267,1363,332,357]" name="Ecuador" pageId="9" pageNumber="550">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Lake Taracoa on Rio Napo,
|
||
<date id="FFCB105B336FFFBBFE469D24FD83FE7B" box="[406,557,367,392]" pageId="9" pageNumber="550" value="1980-06-25">25 June 1980</date>
|
||
(UFL); 6M
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F362760B336FFFBBFD699D24FCB7FE7B" box="[697,793,367,392]" name="Ecuador" pageId="9" pageNumber="550">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Pastaza, Shiripuno
|
||
<date id="FFCB105B336FFFBBFC2D9D3BFB3DFE7B" box="[1021,1171,368,392]" pageId="9" pageNumber="550" value="2008-05-31">31 May 2008</date>
|
||
dissection CMP 13-26,
|
||
<date id="FFCB105B336FFFBBFF479DDFFF1DFE5F" box="[151,179,404,428]" pageId="9" pageNumber="550" value="2008-05-31">31</date>
|
||
May 2008,
|
||
<date id="FFCB105B336FFFBBFE979DDFFEFBFE5E" box="[327,341,404,429]" pageId="9" pageNumber="550" value="2008-08-05">5</date>
|
||
August 2008,
|
||
<date id="FFCB105B336FFFBBFDD79DDFFDBBFE5F" box="[519,533,404,428]" pageId="9" pageNumber="550" value="2008-09-03">3</date>
|
||
September 2008,
|
||
<date id="FFCB105B336FFFBBFD3E9DDFFD52FE5F" box="[750,764,404,428]" pageId="9" pageNumber="550" value="2008-11-03">3</date>
|
||
November 2008,
|
||
<date id="FFCB105B336FFFBBFC039DDFFC4FFE5E" box="[979,993,404,429]" pageId="9" pageNumber="550" value="2008-11-05">5</date>
|
||
November 2008 (PJD); 2M
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F362760B336FFFBBFAE89DDFFA36FE5E" box="[1336,1432,404,429]" name="Ecuador" pageId="9" pageNumber="550">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Concepción,
|
||
<date id="FFCB105B336FFFBBFEFE9DFCFE44FE23" box="[302,490,439,464]" pageId="9" pageNumber="550" value="1929-09">September 1929</date>
|
||
, one dissection CMP 14-09 (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED64AE5E336FFFBBFCEE9DF3FC3BFE23" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34802" box="[830,917,440,464]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34802" name="Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County" pageId="9" pageNumber="550">LACM</collectionCode>
|
||
); 2M
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F362760B336FFFBBFC0C9DF3FBBCFE3C" box="[988,1042,440,463]" name="Peru" pageId="9" pageNumber="550">Peru</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Iquitos, Explorama Lodge
|
||
<date id="FFCB105B336FFFBBFA869DF3FE99FE07" pageId="9" pageNumber="550" value="1989-10-22" valueMax="1989-10-28" valueMin="1989-10-22">22–28 October 1989</date>
|
||
, dissection CMP 13-15 (UFL); 3M
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F362760B336FFFBBFD309D96FCB8FE07" box="[736,790,477,500]" name="Peru" pageId="9" pageNumber="550">Peru</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Loreto, Rio Amazonas, Iquitos,
|
||
<date id="FFCB105B336FFFBBFB4E9D97FA32FE07" box="[1182,1436,476,501]" pageId="9" pageNumber="550" value="1990-09-09" valueMax="1990-09-12" valueMin="1990-09-09">9–12 September 1990</date>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED64AE5E336FFFBBFF4F9E4BFF59FDEB" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34802" box="[159,247,512,536]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34802" name="Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County" pageId="9" pageNumber="550">LACM</collectionCode>
|
||
); 1M
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F362760B336FFFBBFEED9E4BFEDDFDE4" box="[317,371,512,535]" name="Peru" pageId="9" pageNumber="550">Peru</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Iquitos,
|
||
<date id="FFCB105B336FFFBBFE309E4BFDF8FDEB" box="[480,598,512,536]" pageId="9" pageNumber="550" value="1919-06">June 1919</date>
|
||
dissection CMP 14-16 (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED64AE5E336FFFBBFCA29E4BFC62FDEB" box="[882,972,512,536]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/daw7-8h44" name="The Cleveland Museum of Natural History" pageId="9" pageNumber="550">CMNH</collectionCode>
|
||
); 1M
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F362760B336FFFBBFBC49E4BFBE4FDE4" box="[1044,1098,512,535]" name="Peru" pageId="9" pageNumber="550">Peru</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Yurimaguas,
|
||
<date id="FFCB105B336FFFBBFB229E4BFA36FDEB" box="[1266,1432,511,536]" pageId="9" pageNumber="550" value="1920-04-12">12 April 1920</date>
|
||
, dissection CMP 14-19 (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED64AE5E336FFFBBFE769E6FFDAEFDCF" box="[422,512,548,572]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/daw7-8h44" name="The Cleveland Museum of Natural History" pageId="9" pageNumber="550">CMNH</collectionCode>
|
||
); 1M
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F362760B336FFFBBFD969E6EFDD2FDCF" box="[582,636,549,572]" name="Peru" pageId="9" pageNumber="550">Peru</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Yurimaguas,
|
||
<date id="FFCB105B336FFFBBFCF29E6FFC6AFDCF" box="[802,964,548,573]" pageId="9" pageNumber="550" value="1920-04-26">26 April 1920</date>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED64AE5E336FFFBBFC049E6FFB80FDCF" box="[980,1070,548,572]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/daw7-8h44" name="The Cleveland Museum of Natural History" pageId="9" pageNumber="550">CMNH</collectionCode>
|
||
);
|
||
<emphasis id="B901EA89336FFFBBFB949E6FFB6BFDCE" bold="true" box="[1092,1221,548,573]" pageId="9" pageNumber="550">FEMALE:</emphasis>
|
||
1F
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F362760B336FFFBBFB249E6FFACBFDCE" box="[1268,1381,548,573]" name="Colombia" pageId="9" pageNumber="550">Colombia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Rio Orteguaza, Rastrojo,
|
||
<date id="FFCB105B336FFFBBFE579E0CFD0FFD93" box="[391,673,583,608]" pageId="9" pageNumber="550" value="1947-08" valueMax="1947-09-31" valueMin="1947-08-00">August–September 1947</date>
|
||
, studied by M. Clifton as part of a paratype-to-be series, labeled as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C754D18336FFFBBFF479E27FEE8FD77" box="[151,326,620,644]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Cithaerias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="550" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="ereba" subSpecies="medea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901EA89336FFFBBFF479E27FEE8FD77" box="[151,326,620,644]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="550">C. ereba medea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED64AE5E336FFFBBFE859E27FE01FD77" box="[341,431,620,644]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/daw7-8h44" name="The Cleveland Museum of Natural History" pageId="9" pageNumber="550">CMNH</collectionCode>
|
||
); 1F
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F362760B336FFFBBFE359E27FDF8FD76" box="[485,598,620,645]" name="Colombia" pageId="9" pageNumber="550">Colombia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, no date, studied by M. Clifton as part of a paratype-to-be series, labeled as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C754D18336FFFBBFF479EDBFF55FD5B" box="[151,251,656,680]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Cithaerias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="550" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ereba">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901EA89336FFFBBFF479EDBFF55FD5B" box="[151,251,656,680]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="550">C. ereba</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED64AE5E336FFFBBFEDD9EDBFEC9FD5B" box="[269,359,656,680]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/daw7-8h44" name="The Cleveland Museum of Natural History" pageId="9" pageNumber="550">CMNH</collectionCode>
|
||
); 1F
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F362760B336FFFBBFE769EC4FDB9FD5B" box="[422,535,655,680]" name="Colombia" pageId="9" pageNumber="550">Colombia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Putumayo, Orito Rd.
|
||
<quantity id="4C8D9B7E336FFFBBFCF19EDBFCC0FD54" box="[801,878,656,680]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="550" unit="m" value="400.0">400 m</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFCB105B336FFFBBFCAD9EDBFBA7FD5B" box="[893,1033,655,680]" pageId="9" pageNumber="550" value="1981-07-03">3 July 1981</date>
|
||
, dissection CMP 13-37 (UFL); 2F
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F362760B336FFFBBFF479EFFFEA6FD3E" box="[151,264,692,717]" name="Colombia" pageId="9" pageNumber="550">Colombia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Amazonas, Rio Loreto Yacu 8
|
||
<date id="FFCB105B336FFFBBFDA19EFFFCCDFD3F" box="[625,867,692,717]" pageId="9" pageNumber="550" value="1981-07-16" valueMax="1981-08-16" valueMin="1981-07-16">July–August 16 1981</date>
|
||
, one dissection CMP 14-06 (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED64AE5E336FFFBBFB789EFFFB51FD3F" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34802" box="[1192,1279,692,716]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34802" name="Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County" pageId="9" pageNumber="550">LACM</collectionCode>
|
||
); 2F
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F362760B336FFFBBFAE89EFFFA36FD3E" box="[1336,1432,692,717]" name="Ecuador" pageId="9" pageNumber="550">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Yasuni National Park,
|
||
<date id="FFCB105B336FFFBBFE789E93FD2DFD03" box="[424,643,727,752]" pageId="9" pageNumber="550" value="2002-09-08">8 September 2002</date>
|
||
, dissection CMP 13-29 and 13-35 (UFL); 1F
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F362760B336FFFBBFB629E9CFABCFD03" box="[1202,1298,727,752]" name="Ecuador" pageId="9" pageNumber="550">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Napo, Rio Misahualli,
|
||
<date id="FFCB105B336FFFBBFEF39EB6FE35FCE7" box="[291,411,764,788]" pageId="9" pageNumber="550" value="1988-06">June 1988</date>
|
||
(UFL); 1F
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F362760B336FFFBBFDFF9EB7FD21FCE6" box="[559,655,764,789]" name="Ecuador" pageId="9" pageNumber="550">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Napo, Rio Napo, Misahualli
|
||
<quantity id="4C8D9B7E336FFFBBFC2B9EB7FBFBFCE6" box="[1019,1109,764,789]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.1816" pageId="9" pageNumber="550" unit="ft" value="1700.0">1700 ft</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
<date id="FFCB105B336FFFBBFBB59EB7FABBFCE7" box="[1125,1301,764,788]" pageId="9" pageNumber="550" value="1998-08-09">9 August 1998</date>
|
||
(UFL); 1F
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F362760B336FFFBBFF479F54FF59FCCB" box="[151,247,799,824]" name="Ecuador" pageId="9" pageNumber="550">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Napo, Laguna Taracoa, Rio Napo
|
||
<quantity id="4C8D9B7E336FFFBBFD5C9F6BFD79FCC4" box="[652,727,800,824]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="550" unit="m" value="800.0">800 m</quantity>
|
||
, no date (UFL); 1F
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F362760B336FFFBBFC6D9F54FBB3FCCB" box="[957,1053,799,824]" name="Ecuador" pageId="9" pageNumber="550">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Napo, Limoncocha,
|
||
<date id="FFCB105B336FFFBBFAC29F54FA32FCCB" box="[1298,1436,799,824]" pageId="9" pageNumber="550" value="1977-06-06">6 June 1977</date>
|
||
dissection CMP 13-39 (UFL); 2F
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F362760B336FFFBBFDC89F0FFDD6FCAE" box="[536,632,836,861]" name="Ecuador" pageId="9" pageNumber="550">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Oriente, Rio Arajuno
|
||
<quantity id="4C8D9B7E336FFFBBFCAB9F0FFBA5FCAF" box="[891,1035,836,860]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="7.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="550" unit="m" value="850.0" valueMax="1000.0" valueMin="700.0">700–1000 m</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFCB105B336FFFBBFBC89F0FFB19FCAF" box="[1048,1207,836,861]" pageId="9" pageNumber="550" value="1941-04-29">29 April 1941</date>
|
||
and
|
||
<date id="FFCB105B336FFFBBFB3F9F0FFA32FCAE" box="[1263,1436,836,861]" pageId="9" pageNumber="550" value="1968-03-20">20 March 1968</date>
|
||
(UFL); 6F
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F362760B336FFFBBFEC39F2CFEDDFC73" box="[275,371,871,896]" name="Ecuador" pageId="9" pageNumber="550">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Pastaza, Shiripuno
|
||
<date id="FFCB105B336FFFBBFD869F23FCACFC73" box="[598,770,872,896]" pageId="9" pageNumber="550" value="2009-01-03">3 January 2009</date>
|
||
dissection CMP 14-01, and
|
||
<date id="FFCB105B336FFFBBFB939F2CFB60FC73" box="[1091,1230,871,896]" pageId="9" pageNumber="550" value="2008-05-05">5 May 2008</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFCB105B336FFFBBFB0A9F23FA2DFC73" box="[1242,1411,872,896]" pageId="9" pageNumber="550" value="2008-08-02">2 August 2008</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFCB105B336FFFBBFA5E9F2CFE87FC57" pageId="9" pageNumber="550" value="2008-08-05">5 August 2008</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFCB105B336FFFBBFEE49FC7FE41FC57" box="[308,495,908,933]" pageId="9" pageNumber="550" value="2009-02-04">4 February 2009</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFCB105B336FFFBBFE299FC7FDD1FC57" box="[505,639,908,933]" pageId="9" pageNumber="550" value="2009-05-03">3 May 2009</date>
|
||
(PJD); 1F
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F362760B336FFFBBFD299FC6FC81FC57" box="[761,815,909,932]" name="Peru" pageId="9" pageNumber="550">Peru</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Loreto, Iquitos,
|
||
<date id="FFCB105B336FFFBBFC3E9FC7FB28FC57" box="[1006,1158,908,933]" pageId="9" pageNumber="550" value="2000-10">October 2000</date>
|
||
(UFL); 1F
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F362760B336FFFBBFAD79FC6FA93FC57" box="[1287,1341,909,932]" name="Peru" pageId="9" pageNumber="550">Peru</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Iquitos, Explorama Inn, 1980’s, dissection CMP 14-15 (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED64AE5E336FFFBBFD609FFBFCA9FC3B" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34802" box="[688,775,944,968]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34802" name="Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County" pageId="9" pageNumber="550">LACM</collectionCode>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |