plazi/treatments-xml
2
0
Fork 0
Code Issues Pull requests Releases Activity
treatments-xml/data/A8/84/45/A8844502085FE90DA6B16871C4AD1955.xml
maintenance f49664c194 added A8
2024-06-21 12:46:59 +02:00

435 lines
46 KiB
XML
Raw Blame History

This file contains ambiguous Unicode characters

This file contains Unicode characters that might be confused with other characters. If you think that this is intentional, you can safely ignore this warning. Use the Escape button to reveal them.

<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.220.2178" ID-GBIF-Dataset="07cc435f-a623-4a17-b510-a38bf0569844" ID-PMC="PMC3459032" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-220-1" ID-PubMed="23077429" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2012" ModsDocID="1313-2970-220-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 220" ModsDocTitle="Revision of the Plant Bug Genus Tytthus (Hemiptera, Heteroptera, Miridae, Phylinae)" checkinTime="1451248758882" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Henry, Thomas J." docDate="2012" docId="A8844502085FE90DA6B16871C4AD1955" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 220: 1-114" docOrigin="ZooKeys 220" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.220.2178" docTitle="Tytthus Fieber" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="8" masterDocId="FFA2D657D204FFEEFF8DF82F5143FF91" masterDocTitle="Revision of the Plant Bug Genus Tytthus (Hemiptera, Heteroptera, Miridae, Phylinae)" masterLastPageNumber="114" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="3" updateTime="1668154436991" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Revision of the Plant Bug Genus Tytthus (Hemiptera, Heteroptera, Miridae, Phylinae)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Henry, Thomas J.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2012</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>220</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>1</mods:start>
<mods:end>114</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.220.2178</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.220.2178</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-220-1</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152036977" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A8844502085FE90DA6B16871C4AD1955" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/A8844502085FE90DA6B16871C4AD1955" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<taxonomicName LSID="http://species-id.net/wiki/Tytthus" authority="Fieber" class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Tytthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tytthus" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Tytthus Fieber</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="reference_group">
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Tytthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tytthus" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Tytthus</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Fieber 1864</bibRefCitation>
: 82. Type species:
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Capsus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Capsus geminus" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="geminus">Capsus geminus</taxonomicName>
Flor, 1860. Designated by
<bibRefCitation pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Kirkaldy 1906</bibRefCitation>
: 128.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Cylloceps" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cylloceps" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Cylloceps</taxonomicName>
Uhler, 1893: 711. Type species:
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Cylloceps" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cylloceps pellicia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pellicia">Cylloceps pellicia</taxonomicName>
Uhler, 1893. Monotypic. Synonymized by
<bibRefCitation pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Carvalho and Southwood 1955</bibRefCitation>
: 17.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Periscopus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Periscopus" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Periscopus</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation author="Breddin, G" journalOrPublisher="Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" pagination="105 - 110" title="Javanische Zuckerrohrschaedlinge aus der Familie der Rhynchoten." volume="1896" year="1896">Breddin 1896</bibRefCitation>
: 106. Type species:
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Periscopus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Periscopus mundulus" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mundulus">Periscopus mundulus</taxonomicName>
Breddin, 1896. Monotypic. Preoccupied by
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Periscopus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Periscopus" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Periscopus</taxonomicName>
Fitzinger, 1843 (Reptilia); synonymized by
<bibRefCitation pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Carvalho and Southwood 1955</bibRefCitation>
: 17.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Breddiniessa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Breddiniessa" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Breddiniessa</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation author="Kirkaldy, GW" journalOrPublisher="Wiener Entomologische Zeitung" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" pagination="13 - 16" title="Einige neue und wenig bekannte Rhynchoten." volume="22" year="1903">Kirkaldy 1903</bibRefCitation>
: 13. New name for
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Periscopus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Periscopus" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Periscopus</taxonomicName>
Breddin, 1896; synonymized by
<bibRefCitation pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Carvalho and Southwood 1955</bibRefCitation>
: 17.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Isoproba" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Isoproba" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<pageBreakToken pageId="3" pageNumber="4" start="start">Isoproba</pageBreakToken>
</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation author="Osborn, H" journalOrPublisher="Ohio Naturalist" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" pagination="52 - 541" title="Records of Guatemalan Hemiptera-Heteroptera with description of new species." volume="15" year="1915">Osborn and Drake 1915</bibRefCitation>
: 533. Type species:
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Isoproba" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Isoproba picea" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="picea">Isoproba picea</taxonomicName>
Osborn and Drake, 1915. Monotypic. syn. n.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
Species of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Tytthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tytthus" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Tytthus</taxonomicName>
are characterized by the small size (lengths ranging from 1.08 mm in brachypterous males of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Tytthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tytthus wheeleri" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wheeleri">Tytthus wheeleri</taxonomicName>
to more than 3.60 mm in
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Tytthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tytthus mundulus" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mundulus">Tytthus mundulus</taxonomicName>
), the relatively broad to nearly round head, usually with a pale yellow spot on the vertex bordering the inner margin of each eye; slightly protruding eyes not touching the anterior margin of the pronotum; smooth, shiny, trapeziform to campanulate pronotum, with lateral margins straight to weakly concave and moderately to strongly flared humeral angles; flat to weakly raised calli; subparallel hemelytra, often brachypterous or abbreviated, with the membrane and cuneus greatly reduced; slender claws with setiform parempodia; slender, tapered abdomen; small genital capsule; simple, C- to weakly S-shaped endosoma, lacking a secondary gonopore; mitt-shaped left paramere; and simple, round to elongate-oval right paramere.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
Elongate subparallel to elongate oval species. Head shiny, impunctate, broader than long, sometimes becoming broadly rounded, especially in males, always slightly wider than anterior margin of pronotum; eyes prominent, more so in males, finely granulate, usually with scattered, fine, short setae; in dorsal view, frons and clypeus weakly rounded to prominent and pointed anteriorly; interocular space proportionately narrower in males (because of more prominent eyes) than females, nearly always with a small to large yellow or pale spot adjacent to inner margin of each eye; posterior margin nearly straight, with eyes nearly touching anterior margin of pronotum, to sometimes more narrowed behind eyes forming a necklike area more distinctly separating eyes from pronotum. Labium extending from bases of hind coxae to well onto abdomen near segment III or IV; segment I extending from base of head to bases of forecoxae. Antennal segment I shortest, stoutest; segment II longest; segment III longer than to subequal to segment IV. Pronotum shiny, impunctate, calli usually prominent, often with a glaucous sheen; subrectangular to trapeziform, especially in flightless brachypters, to strongly campanulate or bell-shaped in macropters. Mesoscutum broadly exposed in macropters; concealed by posterior margin of pronotum in brachypters. Scutellum well developed, equilateral. Hemelytra translucent, opaque white to bicolored with dark clouds, transverse bands, or extensive dark areas; macropterous or brachypterous, if only one sex brachypterous, always the female; fully macropterous hemelytra with each cuneus entire and membrane fully developed, extending well beyond apex of abdomen; brachyterous hemelytra (see discussion on brachyptery) abbreviated, ranging from a partially shortened membrane, extending only to apex of abdomen, to a strongly abbreviated membrane represented by only a remnant fringe on posterior edge of coleopteriform corium and clavus, with cuneus absent; in most extreme forms, only short hemelytral pads present, entirely lacking the cuneus and membrane, and extending only to abdominal terga III or IV. Lengths range in macropterous males from 2.14-3.42 mm; brachypterous males 1.08-1.28 mm; macropterous females 1.80-3.52 mm; and
<pageBreakToken pageId="4" pageNumber="5" start="start">brachypterous</pageBreakToken>
females 1.44-1.68 mm. Ventral surface shiny, impunctate. Ostiolar evaporative area with a prominent auricle, curving posteriorly, gland opening large and distinct. Legs slender; femora unspotted, sometimes infuscated; tibiae slender, with or without distinct spines; tarsi slender, lengths of segment II and III subequal; claws elongate, slender, parempodia setiform.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<pageBreakToken pageId="5" pageNumber="6" start="start">Male</pageBreakToken>
genitalia: Endosoma relatively simple C-shaped to S-shaped, composed of a single, simple tube, often distally truncate or concave, lacking an apparent secondary gonopore. Left paramere mitt-shaped, with two arms and a narrow basal stem; right arm longest, widest, and most prominent, distally acute to rounded, gradually narrowing from base to apex, often broadened just before apex; left arm much shorter, distally acute. Right paramere elongate oval to nearly round, with a short basal stem. Phallotheca simple, sheathlike, exposed apex gradually narrowing from base to an acute apex.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="discussion">
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Discussion.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
Members of this genus are so superficially similar to species of the orthotyline genus
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Cyrtorhinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyrtorhinus" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Cyrtorhinus</taxonomicName>
that
<bibRefCitation author="Reuter, OM" journalOrPublisher="Bihang till Kongliga Svenska Vetenskaps-Academiens Handlingar" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" pagination="1 - 66" title="Genera Cimicidarum Europae disposuit." volume="3" year="1875 c">Reuter (1875c)</bibRefCitation>
placed
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Tytthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tytthus" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Tytthus</taxonomicName>
, in synonymy under it, where it remained for the next 80 years. Even H. H.
<bibRefCitation author="Knight, HH" editor="Britton, WE" journalOrPublisher="Connecticut Geological and Natural History Survey Bulletin" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" pagination="1 - 804" title="Family Miridae (Capsidae), pp. 422 - 658." volume="34" volumeTitle="The Hemiptera or sucking insects of Connecticut." year="1923">Knight (1923</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation author="Knight, HH" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" pagination="33 - 58" title="Descriptions of thirty new species and two new genera of North American Miridae (Hemiptera)." volume="20" year="1925">1925</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation author="Knight, HH" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" pagination="171 - 173" title="Three new species of Cyrtorhinus from North America (Hemiptera: Miridae)." volume="26" year="1931">1931</bibRefCitation>
), North
<normalizedToken originalValue="America’s">America's</normalizedToken>
most knowledgeable and prolific mirid specialist, failed to recognize the misplacement, and R. L.
<bibRefCitation author="Usinger, RL" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" pagination="271 - 273" title="Distribution and host relationships of Cyrtorhinus (Hemiptera, Miridae)." volume="10" year="1939">Usinger (1939)</bibRefCitation>
, who treated several South Pacific species of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Tytthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tytthus" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Tytthus</taxonomicName>
noted &quot;An apparent structural anomaly in
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Cyrtorhinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyrtorhinus" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Cyrtorhinus</taxonomicName>
which has not been given sufficient attention is the absence, in certain species, of arolia between the claws. The presence or absence and form of the arolia is usually a very reliable guide to relationships in
<taxonomicName family="Miridae" lsidName="" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="family">Miridae</taxonomicName>
.&quot; Despite the character differences between these taxa, the species remained together under
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Cyrtorhinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyrtorhinus" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Cyrtorhinus</taxonomicName>
until
<bibRefCitation pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Carvalho and Southwood (1955)</bibRefCitation>
documented the obvious differences in male genitalia and pretarsal structure.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
Another problematic genus,
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Isoproba" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Isoproba" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Isoproba</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation author="Osborn, H" journalOrPublisher="Ohio Naturalist" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" pagination="52 - 541" title="Records of Guatemalan Hemiptera-Heteroptera with description of new species." volume="15" year="1915">Osborn and Drake (1915)</bibRefCitation>
, has not been mentioned in the primary literature since its original description. Described to accommodate the only included species,
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Isoproba" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Isoproba picea" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="picea">Isoproba picea</taxonomicName>
Osborn and Drake from Guatemala, it was said to be &quot;readily separated from the [orthotyline] genus
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Paraproba" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paraproba" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Paraproba</taxonomicName>
Distant and allied genera by the more globose head and the peculiar shape of the thorax (
<bibRefCitation author="Osborn, H" journalOrPublisher="Ohio Naturalist" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" pagination="52 - 541" title="Records of Guatemalan Hemiptera-Heteroptera with description of new species." volume="15" year="1915">Osborn and Drake 1915</bibRefCitation>
).&quot;
<bibRefCitation author="Carvalho, JCM" journalOrPublisher="Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciencias" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" pagination="31 - 110" title="On the major classification of the Miridae (Hemiptera). (With keys to the subfamilies and tribes and a catalogue of the world genera)." volume="24" year="1952">Carvalho (1952</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation pageId="5" pageNumber="6">1958</bibRefCitation>
), however, without explanation, transferred it to the tribe
<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="tribe" tribe="Dicyphini">Dicyphini</taxonomicName>
(then placed it in the subfamily
<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Phylinae">Phylinae</taxonomicName>
), whose members also have generally rounded heads, as well as setiform parempodia.
<bibRefCitation pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Cassis (1984)</bibRefCitation>
noted that he was unable to locate the holotype and, therefore, left it in
<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="tribe" tribe="Dicyphini">Dicyphini</taxonomicName>
with &quot;considerable reservation.&quot;
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
I have studied the holotype of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Isoproba" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Isoproba picea" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="picea">Isoproba picea</taxonomicName>
deposited in the Ohio State University collection and, like most species included in the genus
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Tytthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tytthus" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Tytthus</taxonomicName>
, it has an overall shiny, fuscous to black head, pronotum, and scutellum, pale translucent hemelytra, and slender legs and antennae. The male genitalia are of the same type as for other species of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Tytthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tytthus" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Tytthus</taxonomicName>
. The left paramere is mitt-shaped, the right paramere is relatively small, elongate oval, and simple, and the endosoma is slender and C-shaped.
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Isoproba" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Isoproba picea" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="picea">Isoproba picea</taxonomicName>
differs from other species of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Tytthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tytthus" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Tytthus</taxonomicName>
onlyin having a more distinctly rounded or bulbous head that is narrowed posteriorly into a short neck, especially in males, and the shallowly convex eyes hardly protruding from the side of the head. In addition, I have discovered that
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Tytthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tytthus hondurensis" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hondurensis">Tytthus hondurensis</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation author="Carvalho, JCM" journalOrPublisher="Boletim do Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi Zoologia" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" pagination="143 - 206" title="Mirideos neotropicais, CCLII: Descricoes de novos generos e especies da tribo Phylini Douglas &amp; Scott (Hemiptera)." volume="1" year="1984">Carvalho (1984)</bibRefCitation>
is a junior synonym of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Tytthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tytthus piceus" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="piceus">Tytthus piceus</taxonomicName>
. As a consequence,
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Isoproba" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Isoproba" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Isoproba</taxonomicName>
is placed as a junior synonym of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Tytthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tytthus" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Tytthus</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
Wing polymorphism:
<bibRefCitation author="Slater, JA" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Australian Entomological Society" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" pagination="47 - 64" title="On the biology and zoogeography of Australian Lygaeidae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) with special reference to the Southwest fauna." url="10.1111/j.1440-6055.1975.tb02002.x" volume="14" year="1975">Slater (1975)</bibRefCitation>
separated the various types of wing modifications in the family
<taxonomicName family="Lygaeidae" lsidName="" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="family">Lygaeidae</taxonomicName>
(sensu lato) into seven main categories: 1) Aptery (wings entirely absent); 2) Microptery (wings reduced to widely separated pads; 3), Staphylinoidy (wings have the clavus and corium indistinguishably fused into a coriaceous pad, and the wings meet evenly along the midline for their entire length, and usually
<pageBreakToken pageId="6" pageNumber="7" start="start">cover</pageBreakToken>
only the first three abdominal segments); 4, Coleoptery (wings may or may not be reduced, but the coriaceous portion is not reduced but lengthened, the clavus and corium are fused, and the wings meet along the midline but do not overlap); 5) Brachyptery (clavus and corium either distinctly separate or fused, but shorter than in macropters, with only the inner portion of the membrane overlapping; 6) Submacroptery (clavus and corium always separate, with membrane slightly shortened, leaving the last abdominal segment exposed); and 7) Macroptery (wings unmodified, fully developed). Of the species of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Tytthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tytthus" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Tytthus</taxonomicName>
exhibiting wing polymorphism, two can be categorized as staphylinoid (
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Tytthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tytthus alboornatus" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alboornatus">Tytthus alboornatus</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Tytthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tytthus wheeleri" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wheeleri">Tytthus wheeleri</taxonomicName>
), two as brachypterous (
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Tytthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tytthus montanus" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="montanus">Tytthus montanus</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Tytthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tytthus piceus" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="piceus">Tytthus piceus</taxonomicName>
), and four (
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Tytthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tytthus balli" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="balli">Tytthus balli</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Tytthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tytthus fuscicornis" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fuscicornis">Tytthus fuscicornis</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Tytthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tytthus pubescens" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pubescens">Tytthus pubescens</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Tytthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tytthus uniformis" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="uniformis">Tytthus uniformis</taxonomicName>
) as submacropterous. The remaining sixteen species are known only from macropterous individuals.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
Importance in biological control: It has been documented that most, if not all, species of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Tytthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tytthus" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Tytthus</taxonomicName>
are specialized delphacid and, to a lesser extent, leafhopper egg predators. The best documented species,
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Tytthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tytthus mundulus" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mundulus">Tytthus mundulus</taxonomicName>
, provides a good example of successful classical biological control (Hagen and Franz 1973,
<bibRefCitation pageId="6" pageNumber="7">van den Bosch and Messenger 1973</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Rosen 1985</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Wheeler 2001</bibRefCitation>
). Frederick
<bibRefCitation author="Muir, F" journalOrPublisher="Hawaiian Planter's Record" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" pagination="125 - 130" title="Report of entomological work in Australia, 1919 - 1920." volume="23" year="1920">Muir (1920)</bibRefCitation>
discovered while searching for predators of the sugarcane delphacid in Queensland, Australia, that nymphs and adults fed on delphacid eggs. As a consequence, he brought
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Tytthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tytthus mundulus" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mundulus">Tytthus mundulus</taxonomicName>
to Hawaii for release into the sugarcane fields. As
<bibRefCitation author="Usinger, RL" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" pagination="271 - 273" title="Distribution and host relationships of Cyrtorhinus (Hemiptera, Miridae)." volume="10" year="1939">Usinger (1939)</bibRefCitation>
noted,
<normalizedToken originalValue="“Muir’s">&quot;Muir's</normalizedToken>
discovery that
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Tytthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tytthus" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Tytthus</taxonomicName>
(as Cyrtorhinus) mundulus (Breddin) lives exclusively on the eggs of the sugar-cane leafhopper,
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Delphacidae" genus="Perkinsiella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Perkinsiella saccaricida" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="saccaricida">Perkinsiella saccaricida</taxonomicName>
Kirkaldy, led to one of the most outstanding successes in the field of biological control of injurious insects.&quot;
<bibRefCitation pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Zimmerman (1948)</bibRefCitation>
summed up the importance of this bug by saying &quot;This one bug has saved the Hawaiian sugar industry and the Territory millions of dollars-its true worth can hardly be estimated.&quot;
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
Other species also have shown considerable potential in biological control. In South Africa, both
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Tytthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tytthus mundulus" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mundulus">Tytthus mundulus</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Tytthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tytthus parviceps" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parviceps">Tytthus parviceps</taxonomicName>
(Reuter) have been investigated for control of a tropiduchid,
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tropiduchidae" genus="Numicia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Numicia viridis" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="viridis">Numicia viridis</taxonomicName>
Muir, on sugarcane (
<bibRefCitation author="Carnegie, AJM" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the South African Sugar Technologists' Association June" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" pagination="113 - 116" title="The introduction of mirid egg predators (Tytthus spp.) into South Africa." volume="1969" year="1969">Carnegie and Harris 1969</bibRefCitation>
). Although
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Tytthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tytthus mundulus" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mundulus">Tytthus mundulus</taxonomicName>
was the better-known predator,
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Tytthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tytthus parviceps" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parviceps">Tytthus parviceps</taxonomicName>
was more easily reared and showed the greatest potential for controlling
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tropiduchidae" genus="Numicia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Numicia viridis" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="viridis">Numicia viridis</taxonomicName>
. Jhansi et al. (2002) studied the biology and prey preferences of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Tytthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tytthus parviceps" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parviceps">Tytthus parviceps</taxonomicName>
on planthoppers and leafhoppers on rice in India, including the brown planthopper,
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Delphacidae" genus="Nilaparvata" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nilaparvata lugens" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lugens">Nilaparvata lugens</taxonomicName>
(
<normalizedToken originalValue="Stål">Stal</normalizedToken>
). The Holarctic species
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Tytthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tytthus pubescens" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pubescens">Tytthus pubescens</taxonomicName>
(Knight) and
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Tytthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tytthus pygmaeus" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pygmaeus">Tytthus pygmaeus</taxonomicName>
(Zetterstedt) are known to prey on leafhoppers and delphacids in England (
<bibRefCitation pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Southwood and Leston 1959</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation author="Rothschild, GHL" journalOrPublisher="Entomologists Monthly Magazine" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" pagination="157 - 161" title="The immature stages and biology of some mirid predators of Delphacidae, with notes on other predatory Heteroptera occurring in Juncus areas." volume="99" year="1963">Rothschild 1963</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Wheeler and Henry 1992</bibRefCitation>
). In coastal eastern North America,
<bibRefCitation pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Döbel">Doebel</normalizedToken>
and Denno (1994)
</bibRefCitation>
considered
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Tytthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tytthus alboornatus" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alboornatus">Tytthus alboornatus</taxonomicName>
(Knight) and
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Tytthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tytthus vagus" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vagus">Tytthus vagus</taxonomicName>
(Knight) among the major predators of saltmarsh delphacids on two species of
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Spartina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Spartina" order="Poales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Spartina</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName genus="Poaceae" lsidName="Poaceae" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rank="genus">Poaceae</taxonomicName>
). For additional information on the hosts and habits of these predatory bugs, see the respective species within this revision.
</paragraph>
<caption pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
Figure 1.
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Tytthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tytthus wheeleri" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wheeleri">Tytthus wheeleri</taxonomicName>
, sp. n., adult brachypterous ♂.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="key to species of tytthus">
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
Key to Species of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Tytthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tytthus" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Tytthus</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<table lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<tr pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Tytthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tytthus parviceps" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parviceps">
<pageBreakToken pageId="7" pageNumber="8" start="start">Tytthus</pageBreakToken>
parviceps
</taxonomicName>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Tytthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tytthus chinensis" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chinensis">Tytthus chinensis</taxonomicName>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Tytthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tytthus mexicanus" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mexicanus">Tytthus mexicanus</taxonomicName>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Tytthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tytthus femoralis" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="femoralis">Tytthus femoralis</taxonomicName>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Tytthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tytthus entrerianus" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="entrerianus">Tytthus entrerianus</taxonomicName>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Tytthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tytthus montanus" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="montanus">Tytthus montanus</taxonomicName>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Tytthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tytthus alboornatus" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alboornatus">Tytthus alboornatus</taxonomicName>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Tytthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tytthus pubescens" order="Hemiptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pubescens">
<pageBreakToken pageId="8" pageNumber="9" start="start">Tytthus</pageBreakToken>
pubescens
</taxonomicName>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Tytthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tytthus piceus" order="Hemiptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="piceus">Tytthus piceus</taxonomicName>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Tytthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tytthus pallidus" order="Hemiptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pallidus">Tytthus pallidus</taxonomicName>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Tytthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tytthus mundulus" order="Hemiptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mundulus">Tytthus mundulus</taxonomicName>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Tytthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tytthus zwaluwenbergi" order="Hemiptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zwaluwenbergi">Tytthus zwaluwenbergi</taxonomicName>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Tytthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tytthus amazonicus" order="Hemiptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amazonicus">Tytthus amazonicus</taxonomicName>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Tytthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tytthus neotropicalis" order="Hemiptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="neotropicalis">Tytthus neotropicalis</taxonomicName>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Tytthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tytthus pygmaeus" order="Hemiptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pygmaeus">Tytthus pygmaeus</taxonomicName>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Tytthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tytthus panamensis" order="Hemiptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="panamensis">Tytthus panamensis</taxonomicName>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Tytthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tytthus vagus" order="Hemiptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vagus">Tytthus vagus</taxonomicName>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<td colspan="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rowspan="1">
<pageBreakToken pageId="9" pageNumber="10" start="start">juturnaiba</pageBreakToken>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<td colspan="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Tytthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tytthus uniformis" order="Hemiptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="uniformis">Tytthus uniformis</taxonomicName>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<td colspan="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Tytthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tytthus insperatus" order="Hemiptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="insperatus">Tytthus insperatus</taxonomicName>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<td colspan="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Tytthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tytthus balli" order="Hemiptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="balli">Tytthus balli</taxonomicName>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<td colspan="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Tytthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tytthus fuscicornis" order="Hemiptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fuscicornis">Tytthus fuscicornis</taxonomicName>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<td colspan="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Tytthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tytthus columbiensis" order="Hemiptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="columbiensis">Tytthus columbiensis</taxonomicName>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<td colspan="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Tytthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tytthus wheeleri" order="Hemiptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wheeleri">Tytthus wheeleri</taxonomicName>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
Reference in a new issue View git blame Copy permalink