258 lines
34 KiB
XML
258 lines
34 KiB
XML
<document id="C05E908FE4DB37BAC4BD13810086D6BE" ID-CLB-Dataset="26682" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/evolsyst.1.14665" ID-GBIF-Dataset="9b6db52d-2bd2-40b3-98a9-4e59c8726828" ID-Pensoft-Pub="2535-0730-1-39" ID-ZooBank="6FB6F2EA4F6F44EDA644DB99C9411E36" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2017" ModsDocID="2535-0730-1-39" ModsDocOrigin="Evolutionary Systematics 1 (1)" ModsDocTitle="A new species of Mouse Spider (Actinopodidae, Missulena) from the Goldfields region of Western Australia" checkinTime="1558621811479" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Framenau, Volker W. & Harms, Danilo" docDate="2017" docId="82E863050AD68085D6CD423A3AF8DD0C" docLanguage="en" docName="EvolutSyst 1(1): 39-46" docOrigin="Evolutionary Systematics 1 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/evolsyst.1.14665" docTitle="Missulena harewoodi Framenau & Harms, 2017, sp. n." docType="treatment" docUuid="3FE6A340-C871-45B8-ACFC-E9677586C417" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="39" masterDocId="AD2CFF81FFF5FFD4AF31D01683028465" masterDocTitle="A new species of Mouse Spider (Actinopodidae, Missulena) from the Goldfields region of Western Australia" masterLastPageNumber="46" masterPageNumber="39" pageNumber="39" updateTime="1701374792569" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="F99667D801455CB0956902055E762DFF">A new species of Mouse Spider (Actinopodidae, Missulena) from the Goldfields region of Western Australia</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="9CCC8451A6BF5B04838729EB8363171E">Framenau, Volker W.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="56178CCA9A25F60D71976D86F5534C56">Harms, Danilo</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="EA69C8D25ADA92131176A0A2E1AEC922">Evolutionary Systematics</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="A2B0BC04044DF3B0C13D8279401A5E94">2017</mods:date>
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<mods:url id="BF3BA796133A57CFD317C01DAAD669E9">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/evolsyst.1.14665</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="1EC56110FB4DD32F6C16AB557668FCF5">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="07BE8D786B7D6DF47418DE215575A0BF" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/evolsyst.1.14665</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="82E863050AD68085D6CD423A3AF8DD0C" ID-GBIF-Taxon="157252065" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:3FE6A340-C871-45B8-ACFC-E9677586C417" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/82E863050AD68085D6CD423A3AF8DD0C" lastPageNumber="39" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">
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<subSubSection id="38F9C4FCBF7B89D118A454A719A7F530" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="FE65F910C1015CAF3DADC47F52016D1D" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">
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<taxonomicName id="1C2AC90A74A211C0139B78049DD982D2" ID-CoL="6RLBV" LSID="http://zoobank.org/3FE6A340-C871-45B8-ACFC-E9677586C417" class="Arachnida" family="Actinopodidae" genus="Missulena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Missulena harewoodi" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="harewoodi">Missulena harewoodi</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="9CB373A2B1EA67113554A5D94D56E689" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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Figs 1
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<normalizedToken id="2609DE408209C8E5A4CD2811266DEE27" originalValue="A–G">A-G</normalizedToken>
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, 2
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<normalizedToken id="A47D3DB16A922717A2F22B56A7F07E77" originalValue="A–F">A-F</normalizedToken>
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, 4
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="180D09FCB497B1DBF03D2F2B9D166802" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" type="type material">
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<paragraph id="2626B82B8DD76C3F95FEEB45FF656518" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">Type material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="31E07547000677A8DA24BF4F9658BE74" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">
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AUSTRALIA: Western Australia: holotype male, 20 km East of Kalgoorlie,
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<geoCoordinate id="C6F4084544E095EA527B38D7277425B7" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="-30.744722">
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30°44
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<normalizedToken id="4269F111A954FD2B7024613B7120815C" originalValue="’41”">'41"</normalizedToken>
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S
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</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="68FC4C16F3D7F79BE22E713FE98CB4D5" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="121.56694">
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121°34
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<normalizedToken id="4D870C4CB1B10C65F7D11E328A91534E" originalValue="’01”">'01"</normalizedToken>
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E
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</geoCoordinate>
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, 14-16 April 2015, Greg Harewood, dry pitfall trap, Goldfields Blackbutt low woodland over open scrub on loam (WAM T142820).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="9FC9C9BB5D3D214F0E09B637F983F025" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="7731D847A10E5BFB99855F452E1C7E41" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">Etymology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="5BC8117A4961E5DD2E67CF9183D4545B" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">The specific epithet is a patronym in honour of Greg Harewood, the collector of the type specimen.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="F12DB77F04ACA3F3B9860AEC9E1BE209" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8C9DA67D06D1A7467FDF689309571B5E" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="B9AF5F69B5B6E0177B4FF78C051B5443" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">
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The colouration of the holotype of
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<taxonomicName id="B44FAD31EA513CA29F06F3D77D4BE5EA" lsidName="M. harewoodi" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" rank="species" species="harewoodi">M. harewoodi</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. is most similar to
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<taxonomicName id="A87C97D0686BB6F240683B7126AABA7A" lsidName="M. pruinosa" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" rank="species" species="pruinosa">M. pruinosa</taxonomicName>
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due to the light dorsal discolouration of the abdomen, but the species differs in the lower number of spines of the rastellum (three vs ten), smaller size (male body length 8.0 mm vs 12.5 mm) (measurements from
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<bibRefCitation id="9F7F0F355D25DAF4E94D4ACE21493235" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">Faulder 1995a</bibRefCitation>
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) and narrower pedipalp tibia. Male
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<taxonomicName id="7DF60F6C05FBE471A605C2E5006B7D2B" class="Arachnida" family="Actinopodidae" genus="Missulena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Missulena bradleyi" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bradleyi">Missulena bradleyi</taxonomicName>
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also have a light pattern on the dorsal side of the abdomen, but it is restricted to an anterior light blue patch and the species is also larger (male body length 8.0 mm vs 10.9 mm) (measurements from
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<bibRefCitation id="40BCE0B8798FE44A2095612F32CEF26C" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">Faulder 1995a</bibRefCitation>
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). Otherwise, somatic morphology most closely resembles three species with a brown carapace,
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<taxonomicName id="A53BCB1E10A7D93DBABF91B1B89D30CD" lsidName="M. melissae" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" rank="species" species="melissae">M. melissae</taxonomicName>
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Miglio, Harms, Framenau & Harvey, 2014,
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<taxonomicName id="3FEE60D520B9A9E3FDC4C66285093D6E" lsidName="M. faulderi" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" rank="species" species="faulderi">M. faulderi</taxonomicName>
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Harms & Framenau, 2013 and
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<taxonomicName id="FD8334E1C75B0BF000423FCDAE1EB0DA" lsidName="M. rutraspina" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" rank="species" species="rutraspina">M. rutraspina</taxonomicName>
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Faulder, 1995, but
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<taxonomicName id="9AB43790DC20F0E7ABC8164D9F27EC8B" lsidName="M. harewoodi" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" rank="species" species="harewoodi">M. harewoodi</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. differs considerably in the colour pattern of the abdomen of both live and preserved specimens (brown in
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<taxonomicName id="9A56F3E6E5DD61E0FD019DFFDD9B78CC" lsidName="M. melissae" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" rank="species" species="melissae">M. melissae</taxonomicName>
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, grey-brown in
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<taxonomicName id="33B6D5E78EAF7097496088053B52C29F" lsidName="M. faulderi" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" rank="species" species="faulderi">M. faulderi</taxonomicName>
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and blue-grey in
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<taxonomicName id="0D04ED091158B3E83F56527C5893DF9B" lsidName="M. rutraspina" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" rank="species" species="rutraspina">M. rutraspina</taxonomicName>
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) and the much smoother carapace (
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<bibRefCitation id="08D949E556F25EC3C82B06220CF246BB" author="Faulder, RJ" journalOrPublisher="Records of the Western Australian Museum, Supplement" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" pagination="73 - 78" title="Two new species of the Australian spider genus Missulena Walckenaer (Aranenae: Actinopodidae)." volume="52" year="1995 b">Faulder 1995b</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="AD34FEA768C450DD5B05864C131BBC5D" author="Harms, D" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" pagination="521 - 540" title="New species of mouse spiders (Araneae: Mygalomorphae: Actinopodidae: Missulena) from the Pilbara region, Western Australia." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3637.5.2" volume="3637" year="2013">Harms and Framenau 2013</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="F5F0CA22548FCB4607104D3925A59533" author="Miglio, LT" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" pagination="121 - 148" title="Four new mouse spider species (Araneae, Mygalomorphae, Actinopodidae, Missulena) from Western Australia." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.410.7156" volume="410" year="2014">Miglio et al. 2014</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="ADC95610BBF14090325980B98E01AD25" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" type="description">
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<paragraph id="A3B9321F92F477D66A5419F875F384DB" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="A0724A3D90E0EAE9904AAC56C5032F0A" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">Adult male, based on holotype (WAM T142820). Small mygalomorph spider (total length 8.0).</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="EF10C535B37F3E0D4B8ACB136AD775E0" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">Colour: Carapace glabrous brown to dark brown (Fig. 1A); dark brown around PME (Fig. 1C); chelicerae and fangs glabrous, brown to reddish-brown (Figs 1D, G); abdomen dorsally pale whitish laterally, medially light grey (Figs 1A, F); ventrally pale yellowish-brown (Fig. 1B); sternum yellowish-brown, darker towards margins, sigilla light brown (Fig. 1B, E); labium and maxillae light brown, with yellow-brown spots (Fig. 1G); legs glabrous brown, ventrally with olive tinge (Figs 1A, B); spinnerets olive gray (Fig. 2F).</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="ADF508A159D25E42963F6AC43B82657A" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">Carapace: 3.52 long, 3.74 wide; clypeus 0.19; caput and eye region elevated (Fig. 1D); pars cephalica smooth, pars thoracica with bands of fine, radial fissures.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="5CE5DF36BB3D132F7A02DBACC2CCA872" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">Eyes: OQ 3.28 times wider than long, OAW 2.13; OAL 0.65; width of posterior eye group 1.85; PME 0.178; PLE 0.18; ALE 0.23; AME 0.30; AME inter-distance 0.15; AME to ALE 0.83; AME to PME 0.21; PLE to ALE 0.40; PLE to PME 0.42; PME inter-distance 1.20; PME to ALE 0.49; two black setae anterior of AME (Fig. 1C).</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="5D4DFE57C0271198511F39DAB36E6382" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">Chelicerae: 1.62 long, 1.03 wide; with few short silvery setae medially; rastellum developed, slightly pronounced, consisting of a sclerotised process with 3 (left 4) strong conical spines and 12−14 disordered setae (Fig. 2E), 10-14 long setae extend forward from anterior margin of each chelicera and cover base of fang; inner margin of cheliceral furrow with 3 rows of teeth (Fig. 1G); prolateral (inner) row with ca. 9 teeth; intermediate row with 6 proximal, small spaced teeth; retrolateral (outer) row with 2 proximal teeth.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="59C2680C810FDB66218F7028D7387D38" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">
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<taxonomicName id="C9B5663EF10DFA4BE69F2B01A5397EC4" genus="Maxillae" lsidName="Maxillae" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" rank="genus">Maxillae</taxonomicName>
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: 1.56 long; 1.10 wide (Fig. 1G), with ca. 40 pointed cuspules along entire anterior margin.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="A5B2EC10872506D62F850F8FF4BAA773" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">Labium: ca. 0.82 long, 0.70 wide; conical, 11 pointed cuspules anteriorly (Figs 1G); labiosternal suture poorly developed; a pair of sigilla near labiosternal suture (Fig. 1E).</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="10FF2AE95BA1F67B7D9404D0C508983E" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">Sternum: 2.17 long, 2.00 wide; pear-shaped and rebordered (Fig. 1E), with dark setae of varying length, arranged irregularly but denser laterally and towards labium; 4 pairs of sigilla located more than three times their length from the border of the sternum, anterior and second pair (anterior-posterior) smallest and poorly defined, third pair bigger than 2 anterior pairs and poorly defined; posterior pair biggest, roughly oval and well defined, 3 posterior sigilla slightly depressed.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B1EE48191317E853EF8DA1E631A454D" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">Abdomen: 3.58 long, 3.23 wide; roughly oval (but collapsed through preservation) (Fig. 1A, F); 4 spinnerets (Fig. 2F), PLS 0.52 long, 0.43 wide, apical segment domed; PMS 0.35 long, 0.16 wide at base.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="1C54A79C2CCE2F25EB69F5C9C27A4C79" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">
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Pedipalp: Length of trochanter 0.76, femur 1.62, patella 1.08, tibia 2.12, tarsus 0.86; tibia with irregular black setae, densest ventrally (Fig. 2
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<normalizedToken id="E03EBFE7BEF2F798965E659D516BA952" originalValue="A–C">A-C</normalizedToken>
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); bulb pyriform (Fig. 2
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<normalizedToken id="508AB16959D32B5BE6CE09937A18CDF3" originalValue="A–C">A-C</normalizedToken>
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), two strongly sclerotised sections connected by a velar median structure (
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<normalizedToken id="7905B3F6A8A7194441592F22A333773E" originalValue="“haematodocha”">"haematodocha"</normalizedToken>
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, Fig. 2C); embolus very slightly curved, reaches to half tibia length, with an intumescence in proximal region (BEI), a strong curvature in the duct in prolateral view, tapering and slightly twisted medially (Fig. 2C); embolus tip rounded triangular, with a lamella (EL) poorly developed and no prominent tooth (DET) (Fig. 2D).
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="18309A5535BBC63756C4B4E83DBF1997" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">
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<paragraph id="32AE52AF1C3C4FEDCDA318EFC251E2D1" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">
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Figure 2.
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<taxonomicName id="5986307973BF0A0FC8AB4D20CA33A611" class="Arachnida" family="Actinopodidae" genus="Missulena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Missulena harewoodi" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="harewoodi">Missulena harewoodi</taxonomicName>
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sp. n., male holotype (WAM T142820) A, left pedipalp, ventral view; B, prolateral view, C, retrolateral view; D, embolus tip, ventral view; E, rastellum of left chelicerae, ventral view; F, spinnerets, ventral view. Scale bars: A, B, C - 1.0; D - 0.05; E - 0.1; F - 0.2.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="C0E694234BCCAD0D82A2CF2F6E27E6EF" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">Legs: With few brown setae, ventral setae of tibiae and metatarsi generally much longer and thicker than dorsal setae; dorsal; preening comb distal in tarsi, very small and plain; metatarsi and tarsi I and II ascopulate, metatarsi (along distal half) and tarsi (along whole length) of legs III and IV densely scopulate. Leg measurements: Leg I: femur 2.37, patella 1.54, tibia 1.84, metatarsus 1.46, tarsus 0.97, total 8.18. Leg II: 2.54, 1.44, 1.46, 1.59, 0.95, 7.98. Leg III: 2.68, 1.49, 1.29, 1.17, 1.28, 8.11. Leg IV: 3.14, 1.70, 2.10, 3.29, 1.16, 11.39. Formula 4123.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="EAC221E5416D588B144530A799EEBDF4" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">
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Trichobothria: Arranged in discontinuous rows; tibiae
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<normalizedToken id="61391B339A1B2E62770EC86E904A2539" originalValue="I–II">I-II</normalizedToken>
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with 2 rows of 3 in retrodorsal and prodorsal position, respectively; tibiae III with 1 rows of 2 in retrolaterodorsal; tibiae IV with 2 rows, the first row with 3 in retrolatero-dorsal and the second row with 2 in proximolateral position; metatarsi with 3 in proximo-dorsal row, tarsi I with 2 in proximo-dorsal row, tarsi II with 3, III+IV with 4 medio-dorsally, respectively.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="1A1FB3F0D39B7D5C287F3549140ACF8E" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">Leg spination: Pedipalp aspinose; leg I: tibia rv1−1−0, v3−3−7, pv1−2−0, d0−0−0; metatarsus rv2−1−1, v2−3−5, pv0−0−0, d0−0−0; tarsus rv1−4−3, v2−7−3, pv2−2−2, d0−0−0; leg II: tibia rv0−0−0, v0−0−0, pv0−1−0, d0−0−0; metatarsus rv0−0−0, v0−0−0, pv0−0−0, d0−0−0; tarsus rv3−5−4, v1−2−2, pv1−3−2, d0−0−0; leg III: tibia rv0−0−0, v0−3−2, pv2−2−2, d2−1−3; metatarsus rv2−2−3, v0−0−0, pv3−3−4, d8−4−2; tarsus rv3−5−4, v0−0−1, pv1−3−4, d0−2−2; leg IV: tibia rv0−2−0, v2−4−4, pv1−1−2, d3−0−0; metatarsus rv1−3−2, v0−0−0, pv1−3−4, d0−0−1; tarsus rv4−9−13, v0−0−1, pv1−4−6, d0−0−2; patellae I with ca. 10 rasp prolaterally, II with 2 rasp prolaterally, III with ca. 40 rasps prolaterally to dorsal, patella IV with ca. 10 rasps prolaterally and proximo-dorsally.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="6C4614CB654B1D6CC2CFF1666241F425" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" type="phylogenetic analyses">
|
||
<paragraph id="832CF72BD85DAF27D988E84495EB1BF3" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">Phylogenetic analyses.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F464EE749763E962B2B7642AE951A90C" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">
|
||
Our phylogenetic analyses places
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9949CD95DFDC86C694C62B42B8009F7F" lsidName="M. harewoodi" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" rank="species" species="harewoodi">M. harewoodi</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n. as sister taxon to an undescribed
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1D009D08CC7B67020E9A953E543B91D8" class="Arachnida" family="Actinopodidae" genus="Missulena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Missulena" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Missulena</taxonomicName>
|
||
species from the Pilbara region in Western Australia,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D9EE74FB87DB483CA891BCDA60DF018E" class="Arachnida" family="Actinopodidae" genus="Missulena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Missulena" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Missulena</taxonomicName>
|
||
<normalizedToken id="81CCE32894538E02E7EBE9270C9FB31C" originalValue="‘DNA02’">'DNA02'</normalizedToken>
|
||
(WAM T124777) (Fig. 3; Table 1), although this relationship is not well supported. Sequence divergence between both specimens is 14.5%, which is considerably larger than the current operational sequence divergence of 9.5%, employed to differentiate species in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2D67B8F3F6854E1E85701ACB68A80089" family="Actinopodidae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" rank="family">Actinopodidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="CA756CF7C267950B617FDEDDB39427F3" author="Castalanelli, MA" journalOrPublisher="Invertebrate Systematics" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" pagination="375 - 385" title="Barcoding of mygalomorph spiders (Araneae: Mygalomorphae) in the Pilbara region of Western Australia." url="https://doi.org/10.1071/IS16061" volume="28" year="2014">Castalanelli et al. 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Morphological comparison between both species is not possible as the Pilbara species is represented by a single juvenile specimen.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D954BBE0C3EE6BC883113A5A1737E29D" class="Arachnida" family="Actinopodidae" genus="Missulena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Missulena harewoodi" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="harewoodi">Missulena harewoodi</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n. from the Goldfields nests within a clade of three putative new species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FB76EF371B9FE201FFCD205EB1353102" class="Arachnida" family="Actinopodidae" genus="Missulena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Missulena" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Missulena</taxonomicName>
|
||
<normalizedToken id="7E57A38A052C2D461B7159227140F10B" originalValue="‘DNA02’">'DNA02'</normalizedToken>
|
||
,
|
||
<normalizedToken id="A9D6570FECCE461FBB816C4A3CA134E9" originalValue="‘DNA03’">'DNA03'</normalizedToken>
|
||
and
|
||
<normalizedToken id="65092DF1C7CD83BF9803FB7768005274" originalValue="‘MYG290’">'MYG290'</normalizedToken>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BB9EEFD01AEA12744FF6B141D002002F" class="Arachnida" family="Actinopodidae" genus="Missulena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Missulena faulderi" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="faulderi">Missulena faulderi</taxonomicName>
|
||
, that are all from the Pilbara bioregion of Western Australia, situated more than 900 km north-west of the City of Kalgoorlie-Boulder (Fig. 3). The Pilbara is geologically, floristically and climatically distinct from the Goldfields and it is unclear whether the results of our analyses are caused by taxon bias in the set of DNA sequences or reflect a true biogeographic pattern. Only more comprehensive analyses with additional representatives from southern and central Western Australia and including additional genes can clarify the phylogeographic patterns in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FC9A06F0F33D07D8BAB8C8DE41EE5CD5" class="Arachnida" family="Actinopodidae" genus="Missulena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Missulena" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Missulena</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="B9C6722FE224C09A8ECC6ED6651F841B" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">
|
||
<paragraph id="AD254CE98C02D869CCBDC89EAA933A89" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">
|
||
Figure 3. Topology of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6306E2098A2431F3902E1D44B0210F8C" class="Arachnida" family="Actinopodidae" genus="Missulena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Missulena" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Missulena</taxonomicName>
|
||
species based on COI (fragment of 658 bp). Nodal support is indicated in squares (posterior probabilities). Branches of more of three specimens of the same species are collapsed. Morphotype designations of undescribed species reflects those databased at the Western Australian Museum. See Castalanelli et al. (2013) for details on the
|
||
<normalizedToken id="4AE1C30039A4C0547BC4779887FCCDA7" originalValue="‘MYG’">'MYG'</normalizedToken>
|
||
-coding system and museum registration numbers.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="A922132F3F96E90890E9DAE42F158EE4" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="46C1A05940B3583B1CE94FCDC7720D97" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="73553EA0094699DC8DEE9371611F6DD6" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A3E3A9666A295CE68D1443CA9FD2BF85" class="Arachnida" family="Actinopodidae" genus="Missulena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Missulena harewoodi" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="harewoodi">Missulena harewoodi</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n. is currently only known known from the type locality, ca. 20 km East of the City of Kalgoorlie-Boulder in the Goldfields region of Western Australia (Fig. 4).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="CD86B2A504C805869EAD7163B1A33EF6" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">
|
||
<paragraph id="57A3F56776884846E136DA870E6CFCBE" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">
|
||
Figure 4. Distribution records of specimens sequenced at the COI gene fragment for this study (see Table 1). Small black dots represent all
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BC2ACF4023E97BCA63C63EEDA6383CA0" class="Arachnida" family="Actinopodidae" genus="Missulena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Missulena" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Missulena</taxonomicName>
|
||
records from Western Australia (as downloaded from the Atlas of Living Australia - http://www.ala.org.au; accessed 10 April 2017).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="024764691537E81ACC77406273F1F0CE" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" type="habitat">
|
||
<paragraph id="D8D94B642C1B669B39181CEFDC643913" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">Habitat.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="59848FC36930E23E5AEDEC48DF40BB26" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">
|
||
The type specimen was collected alive in a 10-litre, dry bucket pitfall trap targeting vertebrates. The collecting site is described as Goldfields Blackbutt (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6BCD31AE424B9D7A06D93BEB4432180F" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Eucalyptus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Eucalyptus lesouefii" order="Myrtales" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lesouefii">Eucalyptus lesouefii</taxonomicName>
|
||
) low woodland over open scrub on loamy soil (G. Harewood, personal communication to VWF). Similar to many other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B5FAAED140697778CCAE06DFF55DAD7A" class="Arachnida" family="Actinopodidae" genus="Missulena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Missulena" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Missulena</taxonomicName>
|
||
species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="79257FD66C738C2C3B8DAA93D23B2AC2" lsidName="M. harewoodi" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" rank="species" species="harewoodi">M. harewoodi</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n. appears to mature in autumn (collected in April), contradicting the assumption that many mygalomorph spiders in arid and semi-arid Australia reproduce in the months with highest rainfall (e.g. January/February in the Goldfields near Kalgoorlie) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E314DCF7E9090B2322BB3A38D9977040" journalOrPublisher="Records of the Western Australian Museum, Supplement" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" url="http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/data" year="2017">BoM 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3B4CC5491986E74500E4CE0125BB08F4" author="Durrant, BJ" journalOrPublisher="Records of the Western Australian Museum, Supplement" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" url="http://www.epa.wa.gov.au/sites/default/files/Policies_and_Guidance/Tech" year="2016">EPA 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="3FF2FB939861A2DD708F017E74EBC487" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" type="remarks">
|
||
<paragraph id="E8BEE23DBD60FC6E4B31E14B1D242616" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="57541F4710A557B44EA19C68B492131F" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DA99068A5290DB00BDDC4978D48CB28A" class="Arachnida" family="Actinopodidae" genus="Missulena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Missulena harewoodi" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="harewoodi">Missulena harewoodi</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n. is the seventeenth named species of this genus in Australia and within a radius of about at least 100 km of its type locality, the only described species in the genus with the exception of the widespread
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0F1D841C7E13E36D61B8B3BD52507AE7" lsidName="M. occatoria" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" rank="species" species="occatoria">M. occatoria</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Walckenaer, 1805) (based on data of the Atlas of Living Australia; http://ala.org.au; accessed 10 April 2017). The species is yet another example of the extremely diverse invertebrate fauna of the semi-arid Goldfields region of Western Australia that is currently poorly studied in relationship to its invertebrate fauna when compared to other bioregions in Western Australia, e.g. the Pilbara (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="7796D5F52F4A9457DA53A7565CE2AAE9" author="Durrant, BJ" journalOrPublisher="Records of the Western Australian Museum, Supplement" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" pagination="185 - 204" title="Patterns in the composition of ground-dwelling spider communities in the Pilbara bioregion, Western Australia." url="https://doi.org/10.18195/issn.0313-122x.78(1).2010.185-204" volume="78" year="2010">Durrant et al. 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5ED26686F8FB93186C43C337D919A574" author="McKenzie, NL" journalOrPublisher="Records of the Western Australian Museum, Supplement" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" pagination="3 - 89" title="Introduction to the Pilbara Biodiversity Survey, 2002 - 2007." url="https://doi.org/10.18195/issn.0313-122x.78(1).2009.003-089" volume="78" year="2009">McKenzie et al. 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="843F4437A157CCD87B84991C7C2558CF" author="Volschenk, ES" journalOrPublisher="Records of the Western Australian Museum, Supplement" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" pagination="271 - 284" title="Spatial distribution patterns of scorpions (Scorpiones) in the arid Pilbara region of Western Australia." url="https://doi.org/10.18195/issn.0313-122x.78(1).2010.271-284" volume="78" year="2010">Volschenk et al. 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Whilst comprehensive biological studies have been conducted in the Goldfields more than two decades ago, these rarely considered invertebrates (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="463405A95DB3CF988CB90BF90EB9DC77" journalOrPublisher="Records of the Western Australian Museum, Supplement" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" pagination="1 - 19" title="The biological survey of the Eastern Goldfields of Western Australia. Part 1: Introduction and methods." volume="18" year="1984">Biological Surveys Committee 1984</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="157F43D5456F94528F2AFECE4705CFD8" author="Keighery, GJ" journalOrPublisher="Records of the Australian Museum, Supplement" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" pagination="1 - 312" title="The biological survey of the eastern Goldfields of Western Australia: Part 11 Boorabbin-Southern Cross study area." volume="49" year="1995">Keighery et al. 1995</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Recent studies on terrestrial snails in the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6DF1F1EAE6D747A95E4C9F0E3C31742F" class="Gastropoda" family="Bothriembryontidae" genus="Bothriembryon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bothriembryon" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Bothriembryon</taxonomicName>
|
||
Pilsbry, 1894 (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2B4B6FEB61D97F7EEF5BA0E7EF1F2A99" author="Breure, ASH" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" pagination="41 - 80" title="Annotated type catalogue of Bothriembryon (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Orthalicoidea) in Australian museums, with a compilation of types in other museums." url="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.194.2721" volume="195" year="2012">Breure and Whisson 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), millipedes in the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7E989A7B3ED81A35188AC4B7DA9EE83E" class="Diplopoda" family="Paradoxosomatidae" genus="Antichiropus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Antichiropus" order="Polydesmida" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Antichiropus</taxonomicName>
|
||
Attems, 1911 (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="56AAC2A770C7E54A0A1B821C1AFB1012" author="Car, CA" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" pagination="1 - 19" title="A review of the Western Australian keeled millipede genus Boreohesperus (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Paradoxosomatidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.290.5114" volume="290" year="2013">Car and Harvey 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9C22A8701613B9D6D5DD65EE798D648B" author="Car, CA" journalOrPublisher="Records of the Western Australian Museum" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" pagination="20 - 77" title="The millipede genus Antichiropus (Diplopoda: Polydesmida: Paradoxosomatidae), part 2: species of the Great Western Woodlands region of Western Australia." url="https://doi.org/10.18195/issn.0312-3162.29(1).2014.020-077" volume="29" year="2014">2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and trapdoor spiders of the family
|
||
<taxonomicName id="03DABEAA4B524825245E607F8A0CF7EC" family="Idiopidae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" rank="family">Idiopidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
Simon, 1892 (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D4FE53C7D8988C4CD7448B19A522E932" author="Rix, MG" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" pagination="302 - 320" title="Post-Eocene climate change across continental Australia and the diversification of Australasian spiny trapdoor spiders (Idiopidae: Arbanitinae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2017.01.008" volume="109" year="2017">Rix et al. 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) have highlighted both extreme diversity and endemism in invertebrates within the vast woodlands of the Goldfields and numerous unpublished reports as part of environmental impact assessments have supported these general findings for other taxonomic groups. The fact that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="AF81BB9E4963F9A73634C18B67B20751" lsidName="M. harewoodi" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" rank="species" species="harewoodi">M. harewoodi</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n. has never been sampled before near the regional centre of Kalgoorlie-Boulder and remains only known from a single specimen that was collected as by-catch during a vertebrate trapping survey, highlights the need for a comprehensive invertebrate fauna survey of this region that includes both its woodlands and isolated ranges of banded ironstone.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |