693 lines
86 KiB
XML
693 lines
86 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="1C305CD0C985BB02D5AC94FE24DE3B7C">Another new exotic bark beetle in Florida: Ernoporus parvulus (Eggers, 1943) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae), with additional taxonomic changes</mods:title>
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<treatment id="7B2187F7FF0CFFADFF70C093FBD9FE3E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5088872" ID-GBIF-Taxon="183411235" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5088872" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:7B2187F7FF0CFFADFF70C093FBD9FE3E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/7B2187F7FF0CFFADFF70C093FBD9FE3E" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="190" pageId="1" pageNumber="186">
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<subSubSection id="BB92656AFF0CFFA9FF70C093FDB3FB6A" box="[151,581,1158,1185]" pageId="1" pageNumber="186" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="F33736E1FF0CFFA9FF70C093FDB3FB6A" blockId="1.[151,581,1158,1221]" box="[151,581,1158,1185]" pageId="1" pageNumber="186">
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<heading id="A87F818DFF0CFFA9FF70C093FDB3FB6A" bold="true" box="[151,581,1158,1185]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="186" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="34884D62FF0CFFA9FF70C093FDB3FB6A" authority="(Eggers, 1943)" baseAuthorityName="Eggers" baseAuthorityYear="1943" box="[151,581,1158,1185]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Ernoporus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="186" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parvulus">
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<emphasis id="C1FCEAF3FF0CFFA9FF70C093FDB3FB6A" bold="true" box="[151,581,1158,1185]" pageId="1" pageNumber="186">
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<emphasis id="C1FCEAF3FF0CFFA9FF70C093FE7DFB6B" bold="true" box="[151,395,1158,1185]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="186">Ernoporus parvulus</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="97194B10FF0CFFA9FE7DC092FDCBFB6A" author="Eggers, H." box="[410,573,1158,1184]" pageId="1" pageNumber="186" pagination="70 - 76" refId="ref3810" refString="Eggers, H. (1943) Neue Borkenkafer (Ipidae) aus Afrika, Nachtrag VIII. Entomologische Blatter, 39, 70 - 76." type="journal article" year="1943">Eggers, 1943</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="BB92656AFF0CFFA9FF70C0BFFE35FB0F" box="[151,451,1195,1221]" pageId="1" pageNumber="186" type="description">
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<paragraph id="F33736E1FF0CFFA9FF70C0BFFE35FB0F" blockId="1.[151,581,1158,1221]" box="[151,451,1195,1221]" pageId="1" pageNumber="186">
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(
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<figureCitation id="6BB32A64FF0CFFA9FF78C0BFFED2FB0F" box="[159,292,1195,1221]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1961,1985]" captionTargetBox="[154,1424,676,1938]" captionTargetId="figure-258@3.[151,1436,669,1938]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Ernoporus parvulus (Eggers, 1943). A: female, dorsal, lateral, and ventral photographs (UFFE:36956); B: male, dorsal, lateral, and ventral photographs (UFFE:36955)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5027428" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5027428/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="186">Figs. 1A–B</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="6BB32A64FF0CFFA9FED7C0BFFE4CFB0F" box="[304,442,1195,1221]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1787,1811]" captionTargetBox="[183,1404,181,1763]" captionTargetId="figure-33@4.[183,1404,181,1763]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Photographs of E. parvulus morphology. A: frons of female (UFFE:36956), B: frons of male (UFFE:36955), C: declivity of female (UFFE:36956), D: declivity of male (UFFE:36823), E: prolegs of female (UFFE:36956), F: prolegs of male with feather-like setae (UFFE:36956), G: proventriculus (UFFE:36823), H: aedeagus taken from three angles (one of the elongate parts of the basal sclerites is missing) (UFFE:36823). Photographs of host material and galleries, I: Talipariti tiliaceum (L.) Fryxell, with snapped twig in lower right where E. parvulus were collected, J: small twig with abundant, small, circular exit holes, K: pair of E. parvulus in transverse gallery, with longitudinal larval galleries exposed, L: teneral adults under peeled bark." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5027430" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5027430/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="186">2A–H, 2J–L</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="BB92656AFF0CFFA9FF70C0FBFC83FA6B" pageId="1" pageNumber="186" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="F33736E1FF0CFFA9FF70C0FBFDC5FACD" blockId="1.[151,960,1263,1441]" box="[151,563,1263,1288]" pageId="1" pageNumber="186">
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<treatmentCitation id="722910F0FF0CFFA9FF70C0FBFDD9FACD" author="Eggers, H." box="[151,559,1263,1288]" page="75" pageId="1" pageNumber="186" year="1943">
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<taxonomicName id="34884D62FF0CFFA9FF70C0FBFDD9FACD" ID-CoL="3Y3HN" authority="Eggers, 1943: 75" authorityName="Eggers" authorityPageNumber="75" authorityYear="1943" box="[151,559,1263,1288]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Margadillius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="186" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parvulus">
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<emphasis id="C1FCEAF3FF0CFFA9FF70C0FBFE8CFACD" box="[151,378,1263,1287]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="186">Margadillius parvulus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="97194B10FF0CFFA9FE67C0E4FDD9FACD" author="Eggers, H." box="[384,559,1263,1288]" pageId="1" pageNumber="186" pagination="70 - 76" refId="ref3810" refString="Eggers, H. (1943) Neue Borkenkafer (Ipidae) aus Afrika, Nachtrag VIII. Entomologische Blatter, 39, 70 - 76." type="journal article" year="1943">Eggers, 1943: 75</bibRefCitation>
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.
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<paragraph id="F33736E1FF0CFFA9FF70C11BFCFDFAEC" blockId="1.[151,960,1263,1441]" box="[151,779,1294,1318]" pageId="1" pageNumber="186">
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<taxonomicName id="34884D62FF0CFFA9FF70C11BFDF5FAEC" authority="(Eggers, 1943)" baseAuthorityName="Eggers" baseAuthorityYear="1943" box="[151,515,1294,1318]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Ernoporus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="186" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parvulus">
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<emphasis id="C1FCEAF3FF0CFFA9FF70C11BFE95FAEC" box="[151,355,1294,1318]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="186">Ernoporus parvulus</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="97194B10FF0CFFA9FE97C11AFE0DFAEC" author="Eggers, H." box="[368,507,1294,1318]" pageId="1" pageNumber="186" pagination="70 - 76" refId="ref3810" refString="Eggers, H. (1943) Neue Borkenkafer (Ipidae) aus Afrika, Nachtrag VIII. Entomologische Blatter, 39, 70 - 76." type="journal article" year="1943">Eggers, 1943</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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:
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<bibRefCitation id="97194B10FF0CFFA9FDEAC11AFD20FAEC" author="Johnson, A. J. & Hulcr, J. & Knizek, M. & Atkinson, T. H. & Mandelshtam, M. Y. & Smith, S. M. & Cognato, A. I. & Park, S. & Li, Y. & Jordal, B. H." box="[525,726,1294,1318]" pageId="1" pageNumber="186" pagination="1" refId="ref4115" refString="Johnson, A. J., Hulcr, J., Knizek, M., Atkinson, T. H., Mandelshtam, M. Y., Smith, S. M., Cognato, A. I., Park, S., Li, Y. & Jordal, B. H. (2020) Revision of the bark beetle genera within the former Cryphalini (Curculionidae: Scolytinae). Insect Systematics and Diversity, 4 (3), 1 + 1 - 81. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / isd / ixaa 002" type="journal article" year="2020">
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Johnson
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||
<emphasis id="C1FCEAF3FF0CFFA9FD81C11BFD65FAEC" box="[614,659,1294,1318]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="186">et al</emphasis>
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||
. 2020
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||
</bibRefCitation>
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||
a: 56.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="F33736E1FF0CFFA9FF70C138FD6FFA8F" blockId="1.[151,960,1263,1441]" box="[151,665,1324,1349]" pageId="1" pageNumber="186">
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<treatmentCitation id="722910F0FF0CFFA9FF70C138FD63FA8F" author="Bright, D. E. & Torres, J. A." box="[151,661,1324,1349]" page="400" pageId="1" pageNumber="186" year="2006">
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<taxonomicName id="34884D62FF0CFFA9FF70C138FD63FA8F" ID-CoL="BZPF" authority="Bright & Torres, 2006: 400" authorityName="Bright & Torres" authorityPageNumber="400" authorityYear="2006" box="[151,661,1324,1349]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Allothenemus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="186" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minutus">
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<emphasis id="C1FCEAF3FF0CFFA9FF70C138FE81FA8E" box="[151,375,1324,1348]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="186">Allothenemus minutus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="97194B10FF0CFFA9FE99C138FD63FA8F" author="Bright, D. E. & Torres, J. A." box="[382,661,1324,1349]" pageId="1" pageNumber="186" pagination="389 - 428" refId="ref3613" refString="Bright, D. E. & Torres, J. A. (2006) Studies on the West Indian Scolytidae (Coleoptera) 4. A review of the Scolytidae of Puerto Rico, USA with descriptions of one new genus, fourteen new species and notes on new synonymy (Coleoptera: Scolytidae). Koleopterologische Rundschau, 76, 389 - 428." type="journal article" year="2006">Bright & Torres, 2006: 400</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="F33736E1FF0CFFA9FF70C158FC36FAA8" blockId="1.[151,960,1263,1441]" box="[151,960,1355,1379]" pageId="1" pageNumber="186">
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<taxonomicName id="34884D62FF0CFFA9FF70C158FDA3FAA9" authority="(Bright & Torres, 2006)" baseAuthorityName="Bright & Torres" baseAuthorityYear="2006" box="[151,597,1355,1379]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Ernoporus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="186" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minutus">
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<emphasis id="C1FCEAF3FF0CFFA9FF70C158FEACFAA9" box="[151,346,1356,1379]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="186">Ernoporus minutus</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="97194B10FF0CFFA9FE80C15FFDB9FAA9" author="Bright, D. E. & Torres, J. A." box="[359,591,1355,1379]" pageId="1" pageNumber="186" pagination="389 - 428" refId="ref3613" refString="Bright, D. E. & Torres, J. A. (2006) Studies on the West Indian Scolytidae (Coleoptera) 4. A review of the Scolytidae of Puerto Rico, USA with descriptions of one new genus, fourteen new species and notes on new synonymy (Coleoptera: Scolytidae). Koleopterologische Rundschau, 76, 389 - 428." type="journal article" year="2006">Bright & Torres, 2006</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="97194B10FF0CFFA9FDB8C15FFCDEFAA9" author="Johnson, A. J. & Hulcr, J. & Knizek, M. & Atkinson, T. H. & Mandelshtam, M. Y. & Smith, S. M. & Cognato, A. I. & Park, S. & Li, Y. & Jordal, B. H." box="[607,808,1355,1379]" pageId="1" pageNumber="186" pagination="1" refId="ref4115" refString="Johnson, A. J., Hulcr, J., Knizek, M., Atkinson, T. H., Mandelshtam, M. Y., Smith, S. M., Cognato, A. I., Park, S., Li, Y. & Jordal, B. H. (2020) Revision of the bark beetle genera within the former Cryphalini (Curculionidae: Scolytinae). Insect Systematics and Diversity, 4 (3), 1 + 1 - 81. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / isd / ixaa 002" type="journal article" year="2020">
|
||
Johnson
|
||
<emphasis id="C1FCEAF3FF0CFFA9FD5FC158FD13FAA9" box="[696,741,1355,1379]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="186">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2020
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||
</bibRefCitation>
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||
a: 56.
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||
<emphasis id="C1FCEAF3FF0CFFA9FC84C15FFC36FAA8" bold="true" box="[867,960,1355,1378]" pageId="1" pageNumber="186">syn. nov.</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="F33736E1FF0CFFA9FF70C17EFDBBFA48" blockId="1.[151,960,1263,1441]" box="[151,589,1386,1410]" pageId="1" pageNumber="186">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="D39811CFFF0CFFA9FF70C17EFDBBFA48" box="[151,589,1386,1410]" pageId="1" pageNumber="186">
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<treatmentCitation id="722910F0FF0CFFA9FF70C17EFDBCFA48" author="Bright, D. E." box="[151,586,1386,1410]" page="105" pageId="1" pageNumber="186" year="2019">
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||
<taxonomicName id="34884D62FF0CFFA9FF70C17EFDBCFA48" authority="Bright, 2019: 105" authorityName="Bright" authorityPageNumber="105" authorityYear="2019" box="[151,586,1386,1410]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Allothenemus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="186" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="exquisitus">
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<emphasis id="C1FCEAF3FF0CFFA9FF70C17EFE7AFA4B" box="[151,396,1386,1410]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="186">Allothenemus exquisitus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="97194B10FF0CFFA9FE74C17EFDBCFA48" author="Bright, D. E." box="[403,586,1386,1410]" pageId="1" pageNumber="186" pagination="1 - 491" refId="ref3680" refString="Bright, D. E. (2019) A Taxonomic Monograph of the Bark and Ambrosia Beetles of the West Indies (Coleoptera: Curculionoidea: Scolytidae). Studies on West Indian Scolytidae (Coleoptera) 7. Occasional Papers of the Florida State Collection of Arthropods, 12, 1 - 491." type="journal article" year="2019">Bright, 2019: 105</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="F33736E1FF0CFFA9FF70C19DFC83FA6B" blockId="1.[151,960,1263,1441]" box="[151,885,1416,1441]" pageId="1" pageNumber="186">
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<taxonomicName id="34884D62FF0CFFA9FF70C19DFDFCFA6B" authority="(Bright, 2019)" baseAuthorityName="Bright" baseAuthorityYear="2019" box="[151,522,1416,1441]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Ernoporus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="186" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="exquisitus">
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<emphasis id="C1FCEAF3FF0CFFA9FF70C19DFE99FA6A" box="[151,367,1417,1440]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="186">Ernoporus exquisitus</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="97194B10FF0CFFA9FE9AC19CFDF5FA6B" author="Bright, D. E." box="[381,515,1416,1441]" pageId="1" pageNumber="186" pagination="1 - 491" refId="ref3680" refString="Bright, D. E. (2019) A Taxonomic Monograph of the Bark and Ambrosia Beetles of the West Indies (Coleoptera: Curculionoidea: Scolytidae). Studies on West Indian Scolytidae (Coleoptera) 7. Occasional Papers of the Florida State Collection of Arthropods, 12, 1 - 491." type="journal article" year="2019">Bright, 2019</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="97194B10FF0CFFA9FDF3C19CFD2BFA6B" author="Johnson, A. J. & Hulcr, J. & Knizek, M. & Atkinson, T. H. & Mandelshtam, M. Y. & Smith, S. M. & Cognato, A. I. & Park, S. & Li, Y. & Jordal, B. H." box="[532,733,1416,1441]" pageId="1" pageNumber="186" pagination="1" refId="ref4115" refString="Johnson, A. J., Hulcr, J., Knizek, M., Atkinson, T. H., Mandelshtam, M. Y., Smith, S. M., Cognato, A. I., Park, S., Li, Y. & Jordal, B. H. (2020) Revision of the bark beetle genera within the former Cryphalini (Curculionidae: Scolytinae). Insect Systematics and Diversity, 4 (3), 1 + 1 - 81. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / isd / ixaa 002" type="journal article" year="2020">
|
||
Johnson
|
||
<emphasis id="C1FCEAF3FF0CFFA9FD8AC19DFD6CFA6A" box="[621,666,1416,1440]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="186">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2020
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
a: 56.
|
||
<emphasis id="C1FCEAF3FF0CFFA9FCFFC19DFC83FA6B" bold="true" box="[792,885,1417,1441]" pageId="1" pageNumber="186">syn. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="BB92656AFF0CFFAAFF70C1DBFB04FEAF" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="187" pageId="1" pageNumber="186" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="F33736E1FF0CFFA9FF70C1DBFC53F9FB" blockId="1.[151,1437,1486,2017]" pageId="1" pageNumber="186">
|
||
<emphasis id="C1FCEAF3FF0CFFA9FF70C1DBFE35FA22" bold="true" box="[151,451,1486,1513]" pageId="1" pageNumber="186">Type material examined.</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="43E03CBCFF0CFFA9FE2BC1DBFC53F9FB" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3320083307" country="Mozambique" location="Vienna" municipality="Naturhistorisches Museum Wien" pageId="1" pageNumber="186" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Sofala" typeStatus="lectotype">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="8B9F7671FF0CFFA9FE2BC1DBFD7BFA23" box="[460,653,1487,1513]" name="Mozambique" pageId="1" pageNumber="186">MOZAMBIQUE</collectingCountry>
|
||
•
|
||
<specimenCount id="E58EFD68FF0CFFA9FD4EC1DBFD20FA23" box="[681,726,1487,1513]" pageId="1" pageNumber="186" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
|
||
<emphasis id="C1FCEAF3FF0CFFA9FD38C1DBFAF0FA22" bold="true" box="[735,1286,1486,1513]" pageId="1" pageNumber="186">
|
||
<typeStatus id="2C338843FF0CFFA9FD38C1DBFCA3FA23" box="[735,853,1487,1513]" pageId="1" pageNumber="186" type="lectotype">Lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="34884D62FF0CFFA9FCB9C1DAFAF0FA22" authority="Eggers, 1943" authorityName="Eggers" authorityYear="1943" box="[862,1286,1486,1513]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Margadillius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="186" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parvulus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C1FCEAF3FF0CFFA9FCB9C1DAFB94FA23" bold="true" box="[862,1122,1486,1513]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="186">Margadillius parvulus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="97194B10FF0CFFA9FB8CC1DBFAF0FA22" author="Eggers, H." box="[1131,1286,1486,1513]" pageId="1" pageNumber="186" pagination="70 - 76" refId="ref3810" refString="Eggers, H. (1943) Neue Borkenkafer (Ipidae) aus Afrika, Nachtrag VIII. Entomologische Blatter, 39, 70 - 76." type="journal article" year="1943">Eggers, 1943</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
. “Zembeze”, “Nova chomupanga pres Chemba” [Mozambique,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="314CF803FF0CFFA9FD3DC1E7FC67F9C7" box="[730,913,1523,1549]" country="Mozambique" name="Sofala" pageId="1" pageNumber="186">Sofala Province</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Marromeu District, Chupanga] [label not directly transcribed];
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="1353AC9BFF0CFFA9FE95C203FD12F9FB" box="[370,740,1559,1585]" pageId="1" pageNumber="186">Naturhistorisches Museum Wien</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="F657603AFF0CFFA9FD08C203FCB7F9FB" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:7B2187F7FF0CFFADFF70C093FBD9FE3E:F657603AFF0CFFA9FD08C203FCB7F9FB" box="[751,833,1559,1585]" country="Mozambique" municipality="Naturhistorisches Museum Wien" name="Vienna" pageId="1" pageNumber="186" stateProvince="Sofala">Vienna</location>
|
||
, Austria.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F33736E1FF0CFFA9FF20C22FFEC0F957" blockId="1.[151,1437,1486,2017]" pageId="1" pageNumber="186">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="43E03CBCFF0CFFA9FF20C22FFEC0F957" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3320083301" collectionCode="R, FSCA" country="Dominican Republic" location="Freytag" pageId="1" pageNumber="186" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="La Altagracia" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="8B9F7671FF0CFFA9FF20C22FFE0EF99F" box="[199,504,1595,1621]" name="Dominican Republic" pageId="1" pageNumber="186">DOMINICAN REPUBLIC</collectingCountry>
|
||
•
|
||
<specimenCount id="E58EFD68FF0CFFA9FDF7C22FFDCCF99F" box="[528,570,1595,1621]" pageId="1" pageNumber="186" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
|
||
<emphasis id="C1FCEAF3FF0CFFA9FDA6C22FFB9DF99E" bold="true" box="[577,1131,1594,1621]" pageId="1" pageNumber="186">
|
||
<typeStatus id="2C338843FF0CFFA9FDA6C22FFD58F99F" box="[577,686,1595,1621]" pageId="1" pageNumber="186" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="34884D62FF0CFFA9FD53C22EFB9DF99E" authority="Bright, 2019" authorityName="Bright" authorityYear="2019" box="[692,1131,1594,1621]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Allothenemus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="186" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="exquisitus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C1FCEAF3FF0CFFA9FD53C22EFC26F99F" bold="true" box="[692,976,1594,1621]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="186">Allothenemus exquisitus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="97194B10FF0CFFA9FC30C22EFB9DF99E" author="Bright, D. E." box="[983,1131,1594,1620]" pageId="1" pageNumber="186" pagination="1 - 491" refId="ref3680" refString="Bright, D. E. (2019) A Taxonomic Monograph of the Bark and Ambrosia Beetles of the West Indies (Coleoptera: Curculionoidea: Scolytidae). Studies on West Indian Scolytidae (Coleoptera) 7. Occasional Papers of the Florida State Collection of Arthropods, 12, 1 - 491." type="journal article" year="2019">Bright, 2019</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectingRegion id="314CF803FF0CFFA9FB9EC22FFAE2F99F" box="[1145,1300,1595,1621]" country="Dominican Republic" name="La Altagracia" pageId="1" pageNumber="186">La Altagracia</collectingRegion>
|
||
, “DOMINI- CAN REPUBLIC // Prov. La Altagacia // Nisbon, “Papagallo”, 16-19-VI-98//
|
||
<collectionCode id="9599AE24FF0CFFA9FBF7C24BFBD4F9B3" box="[1040,1058,1631,1657]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="1" pageNumber="186">R</collectionCode>
|
||
.Woodruff-P.
|
||
<location id="F657603AFF0CFFA9FB54C24BFAFEF9B3" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:7B2187F7FF0CFFADFF70C093FBD9FE3E:F657603AFF0CFFA9FB54C24BFAFEF9B3" box="[1203,1288,1631,1657]" country="Dominican Republic" name="Freytag" pageId="1" pageNumber="186" stateProvince="La Altagracia">Freytag</location>
|
||
//
|
||
<collectingMethod id="2AC94EF6FF0CFFA9FACFC24BFF33F957" pageId="1" pageNumber="186">Blacklight trap</collectingMethod>
|
||
” (
|
||
<collectionCode id="9599AE24FF0CFFA9FF39C297FEDCF957" box="[222,298,1667,1693]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/jekt-x82m" name="Florida State Collection of Arthropods, The Museum of Entomology" pageId="1" pageNumber="186" type="Museum">FSCA</collectionCode>
|
||
).
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F33736E1FF0CFFA9FF20C2B2FC77F877" blockId="1.[151,1437,1486,2017]" pageId="1" pageNumber="186">
|
||
<emphasis id="C1FCEAF3FF0CFFA9FF20C2B2FDFEF90A" bold="true" box="[199,520,1702,1728]" pageId="1" pageNumber="186">Other material examined.</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="43E03CBCFF0CFFA9FDF1C2B3FE60F8C3" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3320083302" collectingDate="2021-04-28" collectingDateMax="2021-04-29" collectingDateMin="2021-04-28" collectionCode="UFFE" collectorName="A. J. Johnson " country="United States of America" county="Pinellas County" latitude="27.6313" location="Pinellas County" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="82.7238" municipality="Fort De Soto" pageId="1" pageNumber="186" specimenCount="35" specimenCount-female="13" specimenCount-male="22" stateProvince="Florida">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="8B9F7671FF0CFFA9FDF1C2B3FD1AF90B" box="[534,748,1703,1729]" name="United States of America" pageId="1" pageNumber="186">UNITED STATES</collectingCountry>
|
||
•
|
||
<specimenCount id="E58EFD68FF0CFFA9FCF5C2B3FCAEF90B" box="[786,856,1703,1729]" pageId="1" pageNumber="186" type="female">3 ♀♀</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="E58EFD68FF0CFFA9FC8CC2B3FC42F90B" box="[875,948,1703,1729]" pageId="1" pageNumber="186" type="male">4 ♂♂</specimenCount>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectingRegion id="314CF803FF0CFFA9FC21C2B3FBECF90B" box="[966,1050,1703,1729]" country="United States of America" name="Florida" pageId="1" pageNumber="186">Florida</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCounty id="1A564E6DFF0CFFA9FBCBC2B3FB10F90B" box="[1068,1254,1703,1729]" pageId="1" pageNumber="186">Pinellas County</collectingCounty>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="1353AC9BFF0CFFA9FB10C2B3FA62F90B" box="[1271,1428,1703,1729]" pageId="1" pageNumber="186">Fort De Soto</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
;
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="96BC5026FF0CFFA9FF70C2DFFEE0F92F" box="[151,278,1739,1765]" degrees="27.6313" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="186" precision="5" value="27.6313">27.6313°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,-
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="96BC5026FF0CFFA9FEC5C2DFFE6BF92F" box="[290,413,1739,1765]" degrees="82.7238" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="186" precision="5" value="82.7238">82.7238°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
;
|
||
<date id="87361021FF0CFFA9FE4CC2DFFDB0F92F" box="[427,582,1739,1765]" pageId="1" pageNumber="186" value="2021-04-28">
|
||
<collectingDate id="9772E9C9FF0CFFA9FE4CC2DFFDB0F92F" box="[427,582,1739,1765]" pageId="1" pageNumber="186" value="2021-04-28">28 Apr. 2021</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectorName id="5E7D5337FF0CFFA9FDB4C2DFFD07F92F" box="[595,753,1739,1765]" pageId="1" pageNumber="186">A. J. Johnson</collectorName>
|
||
leg.; ex.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="34884D62FF0CFFA9FC86C2DFFBCAF92F" box="[865,1084,1739,1765]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Talipariti" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="1" pageNumber="186" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tiliaceum">
|
||
<emphasis id="C1FCEAF3FF0CFFA9FC86C2DFFBCAF92F" box="[865,1084,1739,1765]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="186">Talipariti tiliaceum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectorName id="5E7D5337FF0CFFA9FBA9C2DFFB5AF92F" box="[1102,1196,1739,1765]" pageId="1" pageNumber="186">Walking</collectorName>
|
||
on recently snapped branch;
|
||
<collectionCode id="9599AE24FF0CFFA9FF15C2FBFECCF8C3" box="[242,314,1775,1801]" pageId="1" pageNumber="186">UFFE</collectionCode>
|
||
:36836 •
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="43E03CBCFF0CFFA9FE7BC2FBFC55F8BF" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3320083305" collectingDate="2021-04-28" collectingDateMax="2021-04-29" collectingDateMin="2021-04-28" collectionCode="UFFE" country="United States of America" county="Pinellas County" latitude="27.6313" location="Pinellas County" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="82.7238" municipality="Fort De Soto" pageId="1" pageNumber="186" specimenCount="35" specimenCount-female="13" specimenCount-male="22" stateProvince="Florida">
|
||
<specimenCount id="E58EFD68FF0CFFA9FE7BC2FBFE3FF8C3" box="[412,457,1775,1801]" pageId="1" pageNumber="186" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectingRegion id="314CF803FF0CFFA9FE32C2FBFDDFF8C3" box="[469,553,1775,1801]" country="United States of America" name="Florida" pageId="1" pageNumber="186">Florida</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="F657603AFF0CFFA9FDD3C2FBFD1EF8C3" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:7B2187F7FF0CFFADFF70C093FBD9FE3E:F657603AFF0CFFA9FDD3C2FBFD1EF8C3" box="[564,744,1775,1801]" country="United States of America" county="Pinellas County" latitude="27.6313" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="82.7238" municipality="Fort De Soto" name="Pinellas County" pageId="1" pageNumber="186" stateProvince="Florida">Pinellas County</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="F657603AFF0CFFA9FD14C2FBFC75F8C3" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:7B2187F7FF0CFFADFF70C093FBD9FE3E:F657603AFF0CFFA9FD14C2FBFC75F8C3" box="[755,899,1775,1801]" country="United States of America" county="Pinellas County" latitude="27.6313" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="82.7238" municipality="Fort De Soto" name="Fort De Soto" pageId="1" pageNumber="186" stateProvince="Florida">Fort De Soto</location>
|
||
;
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="96BC5026FF0CFFA9FC75C2FBFBE7F8C3" box="[914,1041,1775,1801]" degrees="27.6313" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="186" precision="5" value="27.6313">27.6313°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,-
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="96BC5026FF0CFFA9FBFAC2FBFB6EF8C3" box="[1053,1176,1775,1801]" degrees="82.7238" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="186" precision="5" value="82.7238">82.7238°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
;
|
||
<date id="87361021FF0CFFA9FB44C2FBFACEF8C3" box="[1187,1336,1775,1801]" pageId="1" pageNumber="186" value="2021-04-29">
|
||
<collectingDate id="9772E9C9FF0CFFA9FB44C2FBFACEF8C3" box="[1187,1336,1775,1801]" pageId="1" pageNumber="186" value="2021-04-29">29 Apr. 2021</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectorName id="5E7D5337FF0CFFA9FAA5C2FBFEFBF8E7" pageId="1" pageNumber="186">Andrew J. Johnson</collectorName>
|
||
leg.; ex.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="34884D62FF0CFFA9FE90C307FDA6F8E7" box="[375,592,1811,1837]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Talipariti" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="1" pageNumber="186" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tiliaceum">
|
||
<emphasis id="C1FCEAF3FF0CFFA9FE90C307FDA6F8E7" box="[375,592,1811,1837]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="186">Talipariti tiliaceum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; under bark of twigs; dissected;
|
||
<collectionCode id="9599AE24FF0CFFA9FC24C307FBFDF8E7" box="[963,1035,1811,1837]" pageId="1" pageNumber="186">UFFE</collectionCode>
|
||
:36823 •
|
||
<specimenCount id="E58EFD68FF0CFFA9FB88C307FB6DF8E7" box="[1135,1179,1811,1837]" pageId="1" pageNumber="186" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectorName id="5E7D5337FF0CFFA9FB4EC307FB11F8E7" box="[1193,1255,1811,1837]" pageId="1" pageNumber="186">Same</collectorName>
|
||
collection data; imaged and DNA destructively extracted;
|
||
<collectionCode id="9599AE24FF0CFFA9FD8BC323FD43F89B" box="[620,693,1847,1873]" pageId="1" pageNumber="186">UFFE</collectionCode>
|
||
:36821 •
|
||
<specimenCount id="E58EFD68FF0CFFA9FCF2C323FCB7F89B" box="[789,833,1847,1873]" pageId="1" pageNumber="186" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectorName id="5E7D5337FF0CFFA9FCABC323FC7CF89B" box="[844,906,1847,1873]" pageId="1" pageNumber="186">Same</collectorName>
|
||
collection data; imaged and DNA destructively extracted;
|
||
<collectionCode id="9599AE24FF0CFFA9FEEBC34FFEA2F8BF" box="[268,340,1883,1909]" pageId="1" pageNumber="186">UFFE</collectionCode>
|
||
:36822 •
|
||
<specimenCount id="E58EFD68FF0CFFA9FE51C34FFE00F8BF" box="[438,502,1883,1909]" pageId="1" pageNumber="186" type="female">9 ♀♀</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="E58EFD68FF0CFFA9FDE4C34FFDA6F8BF" box="[515,592,1883,1909]" pageId="1" pageNumber="186" type="male">16 ♂♂</specimenCount>
|
||
<collectorName id="5E7D5337FF0CFFA9FDB0C34FFD63F8BF" box="[599,661,1883,1909]" pageId="1" pageNumber="186">Same</collectorName>
|
||
collection data; labeled
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
:
|
||
<materialsCitation id="43E03CBCFF0CFFA9FC49C34FFC8BF877" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3320083304" collectingDate="2021-04-29" collectionCode="USNM, FSCA, DPI, UFFE" collectorName="A. J. Johnson" country="United States of America" county="Pinellas Co." latitude="27.6313" location="Fort De Soto" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="82.7238" pageId="1" pageNumber="186" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Florida">
|
||
“
|
||
<collectingCountry id="8B9F7671FF0CFFA9FC5FC34FFC00F8BF" box="[952,1014,1883,1909]" name="United States of America" pageId="1" pageNumber="186">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingRegion id="314CF803FF0CFFA9FBE6C34FFBA0F8BF" box="[1025,1110,1883,1909]" country="United States of America" name="Florida" pageId="1" pageNumber="186">Florida</collectingRegion>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingCounty id="1A564E6DFF0CFFA9FB87C34FFB1EF8BF" box="[1120,1256,1883,1909]" pageId="1" pageNumber="186">Pinellas Co.</collectingCounty>
|
||
//
|
||
<location id="F657603AFF0CFFA9FAE2C34FFA6EF8BF" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:7B2187F7FF0CFFADFF70C093FBD9FE3E:F657603AFF0CFFA9FAE2C34FFA6EF8BF" box="[1285,1432,1883,1909]" country="United States of America" county="Pinellas Co." latitude="27.6313" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="82.7238" name="Fort De Soto" pageId="1" pageNumber="186" stateProvince="Florida">Fort De Soto</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="96BC5026FF0CFFA9FF70C36BFEE2F853" box="[151,276,1919,1945]" degrees="27.6313" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="186" precision="5" value="27.6313">27.6313°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, // -
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="96BC5026FF0CFFA9FEA7C36BFE4BF853" box="[320,445,1919,1945]" degrees="82.7238" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="186" precision="5" value="82.7238">82.7238°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
;
|
||
<date id="87361021FF0CFFA9FE2EC36BFDAEF853" box="[457,600,1919,1945]" pageId="1" pageNumber="186" value="2021-04-29">
|
||
<collectingDate id="9772E9C9FF0CFFA9FE2EC36BFDAEF853" box="[457,600,1919,1945]" pageId="1" pageNumber="186" value="2021-04-29">2021-Apr-29</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
// ex.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="34884D62FF0CFFA9FD7BC36BFC83F853" box="[668,885,1919,1945]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Talipariti" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="1" pageNumber="186" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tiliaceum">
|
||
<emphasis id="C1FCEAF3FF0CFFA9FD7BC36BFC83F853" box="[668,885,1919,1945]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="186">Talipariti tiliaceum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
//twigs.
|
||
<collectorName id="5E7D5337FF0CFFA9FC30C36BFB87F853" box="[983,1137,1919,1945]" pageId="1" pageNumber="186">A. J. Johnson</collectorName>
|
||
coll.” (point mounted and distributed to
|
||
<collectionCode id="9599AE24FF0CFFA9FED4C3B7FE71F877" box="[307,391,1955,1981]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="1" pageNumber="186" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="9599AE24FF0CFFA9FE75C3B7FE2DF877" box="[402,475,1955,1981]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/jekt-x82m" name="Florida State Collection of Arthropods, The Museum of Entomology" pageId="1" pageNumber="186" type="Museum">FSCA</collectionCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="9599AE24FF0CFFA9FE01C3B7FDE5F877" box="[486,531,1955,1981]" pageId="1" pageNumber="186">DPI</collectionCode>
|
||
synoptic collection, and
|
||
<collectionCode id="9599AE24FF0CFFA9FCCBC3B7FC80F877" box="[812,886,1955,1981]" pageId="1" pageNumber="186">UFFE</collectionCode>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F33736E1FF0CFFAAFF20C3D3FC2FFF33" blockId="1.[151,1437,1486,2017]" lastBlockId="2.[151,1437,150,2014]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="187" pageId="1" pageNumber="186">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="43E03CBCFF0CFFA9FF20C3D3FBDAF82B" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3320083303" box="[199,1068,1990,2017]" country="Puerto Rico" location="PUERTO RICO" pageId="1" pageNumber="186" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="8B9F7671FF0CFFA9FF20C3D3FE8BF82B" box="[199,381,1991,2017]" name="Puerto Rico" pageId="1" pageNumber="186">PUERTO RICO</collectingCountry>
|
||
•
|
||
<specimenCount id="E58EFD68FF0CFFA9FE7FC3D3FE32F82B" box="[408,452,1991,2017]" pageId="1" pageNumber="186" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
|
||
, [photo presented in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="97194B10FF0CFFA9FD50C3D3FCBFF82B" author="Bright, D. E." box="[695,841,1991,2017]" pageId="1" pageNumber="186" pagination="1 - 491" refId="ref3680" refString="Bright, D. E. (2019) A Taxonomic Monograph of the Bark and Ambrosia Beetles of the West Indies (Coleoptera: Curculionoidea: Scolytidae). Studies on West Indian Scolytidae (Coleoptera) 7. Occasional Papers of the Florida State Collection of Arthropods, 12, 1 - 491." type="journal article" year="2019">Bright, 2019</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, no collection data]
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="43E03CBCFF0CFFAAFBDEC3D3FC23FF33" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3320083306" collectingDate="2013-06-20" collectingDateMax="2014-11" collectingDateMin="2013-06-20" collectionCode="EDRR" country="Puerto Rico" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="187" latitude="18.45271" location="Site" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-66.59809" pageId="1" pageNumber="186" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Arecibo">
|
||
<specimenCount id="E58EFD68FF0CFFA9FBDEC3D3FB9EF82B" box="[1081,1128,1991,2017]" pageId="1" pageNumber="186" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectingRegion id="314CF803FF0CFFA9FB94C3D3FB26F82B" box="[1139,1232,1991,2017]" country="Puerto Rico" name="Arecibo" pageId="1" pageNumber="186">Arecibo</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="314CF803FF0CFFA9FB3CC3D3FACEF82B" box="[1243,1336,1991,2017]" country="Puerto Rico" name="Arecibo" pageId="1" pageNumber="186">Arecibo</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="F657603AFF0CFFA9FAA2C3D3FA87F82B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:7B2187F7FF0CFFADFF70C093FBD9FE3E:F657603AFF0CFFA9FAA2C3D3FA87F82B" box="[1349,1393,1991,2017]" country="Puerto Rico" latitude="18.45271" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-66.59809" name="Site" pageId="1" pageNumber="186" stateProvince="Arecibo">Site</location>
|
||
12,
|
||
<collectionCode id="9599AE24FF0FFFAAFF70C483FF13FF7B" box="[151,229,151,177]" pageId="2" pageNumber="187">EDRR</collectionCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="96BC5026FF0FFFAAFF15C482FEA8FF7B" box="[242,350,150,177]" degrees="18.45271" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="187" precision="1" value="18.45271">18.45271</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="96BC5026FF0FFFAAFE8DC482FE16FF7B" box="[362,480,150,177]" degrees="66.59809" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="187" precision="1" value="-66.59809">-66.59809</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="87361021FF0FFFAAFE0BC483FD45FF7B" box="[492,691,151,177]" pageId="2" pageNumber="187" value="2013-06-20" valueMax="2013-07-03" valueMin="2013-06-20">
|
||
<collectingDate id="9772E9C9FF0FFFAAFE0BC483FD45FF7B" box="[492,691,151,177]" pageId="2" pageNumber="187" value="2013-06-20" valueMax="2013-07-03" valueMin="2013-06-20">20.VI-3.VII.2013</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="5E7D5337FF0FFFAAFD26C483FCDFFF7B" box="[705,809,151,177]" pageId="2" pageNumber="187">C. Torres</collectorName>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectorName id="5E7D5337FF0FFFAAFC84C483FC24FF7B" box="[867,978,151,177]" pageId="2" pageNumber="187">H. Rivera</collectorName>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectorName id="5E7D5337FF0FFFAAFC04C483FF33FF1F" pageId="2" pageNumber="187">A.J. Cook Arthropod Research Collection</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="5E7D5337FF0FFFAAFF28C4AFFE00FF1C" box="[207,502,187,214]" pageId="2" pageNumber="187">Michigan State University</collectorName>
|
||
) [
|
||
<collectorName id="5E7D5337FF0FFFAAFDEDC4AFFD8AFF1F" box="[522,636,187,213]" pageId="2" pageNumber="187">Specimen</collectorName>
|
||
briefly examined by AJJ,
|
||
<date id="87361021FF0FFFAAFC7CC4AFFBA5FF1F" box="[923,1107,187,213]" pageId="2" pageNumber="187" value="2014-11">
|
||
<collectingDate id="9772E9C9FF0FFFAAFC7CC4AFFBA5FF1F" box="[923,1107,187,213]" pageId="2" pageNumber="187" value="2014-11">November 2014</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectorName id="5E7D5337FF0FFFAAFBBBC4AFFB1EFF1F" box="[1116,1256,187,213]" pageId="2" pageNumber="187">Photographs</collectorName>
|
||
by
|
||
<collectorName id="5E7D5337FF0FFFAAFAF7C4AFFA6EFF1F" box="[1296,1432,187,213]" pageId="2" pageNumber="187">Mark Smith</collectorName>
|
||
, macroscopicsolutions.com re-examined, and label data from
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="97194B10FF0FFFAAFCA5C4CBFC39FF33" author="Bright, D. E." box="[834,975,222,249]" pageId="2" pageNumber="187" pagination="1 - 491" refId="ref3680" refString="Bright, D. E. (2019) A Taxonomic Monograph of the Bark and Ambrosia Beetles of the West Indies (Coleoptera: Curculionoidea: Scolytidae). Studies on West Indian Scolytidae (Coleoptera) 7. Occasional Papers of the Florida State Collection of Arthropods, 12, 1 - 491." type="journal article" year="2019">Bright 2019</bibRefCitation>
|
||
]
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F33736E1FF0FFFAAFF20C517FB04FEAF" blockId="2.[151,1437,150,2014]" pageId="2" pageNumber="187">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="8B9F7671FF0FFFAAFF20C517FE66FED7" box="[199,400,259,285]" name="South Africa" pageId="2" pageNumber="187">SOUTH AFRICA</collectingCountry>
|
||
• 30;
|
||
<collectingRegion id="314CF803FF0FFFAAFE30C517FD7CFED7" box="[471,650,259,285]" country="South Africa" name="KwaZulu-Natal" pageId="2" pageNumber="187">KwaZulu-Natal</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Mtunzuni; -
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="96BC5026FF0FFFAAFCFDC517FC88FED7" box="[794,894,259,285]" degrees="28.96" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="187" precision="555" value="28.96">28.96°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="96BC5026FF0FFFAAFC65C517FC16FED7" box="[898,992,259,285]" degrees="31.77" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="187" precision="555" value="31.77">31.77°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
;
|
||
<date id="87361021FF0FFFAAFC0AC517FB72FED7" box="[1005,1156,259,285]" pageId="2" pageNumber="187" value="2019-10-29">29 Oct. 2019</date>
|
||
; Francois Roets leg.; ex.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="34884D62FF0FFFAAFF70C533FE86FE8B" box="[151,368,295,321]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Talipariti" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="2" pageNumber="187" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tiliaceum">
|
||
<emphasis id="C1FCEAF3FF0FFFAAFF70C533FE86FE8B" box="[151,368,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="187">Talipariti tiliaceum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; FR-0;
|
||
<collectionCode id="9599AE24FF0FFFAAFE2DC532FDE2FE8B" box="[458,532,294,321]" pageId="2" pageNumber="187">UFFE</collectionCode>
|
||
:33597; (
|
||
<collectionCode id="9599AE24FF0FFFAAFD94C533FD4DFE8B" box="[627,699,295,321]" pageId="2" pageNumber="187">UFFE</collectionCode>
|
||
) • 1;
|
||
<collectingRegion id="314CF803FF0FFFAAFD1CC533FC58FE8B" box="[763,942,295,321]" country="South Africa" name="KwaZulu-Natal" pageId="2" pageNumber="187">KwaZulu-Natal</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Mtunzuni; -
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="96BC5026FF0FFFAAFBD9C532FB4BFE8B" box="[1086,1213,294,321]" degrees="28.9567" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="187" precision="5" value="28.9567">28.9567°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="96BC5026FF0FFFAAFB26C532FACAFE8B" box="[1217,1340,294,321]" degrees="31.7719" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="187" precision="5" value="31.7719">31.7719°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
;
|
||
<date id="87361021FF0FFFAAFAAEC533FF24FEAF" pageId="2" pageNumber="187" value="2019-10-31">31 Oct. 2019</date>
|
||
; Andrew J. Johnson leg.; ex.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="34884D62FF0FFFAAFDFDC55FFD14FEAF" box="[538,738,331,357]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Hibiscus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="2" pageNumber="187" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tiliaceus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C1FCEAF3FF0FFFAAFDFDC55FFD14FEAF" box="[538,738,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="187">Hibiscus tiliaceus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
[=
|
||
<taxonomicName id="34884D62FF0FFFAAFCE5C55FFC2CFEAF" box="[770,986,331,357]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Talipariti" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="2" pageNumber="187" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tiliaceum">
|
||
<emphasis id="C1FCEAF3FF0FFFAAFCE5C55FFC2CFEAF" box="[770,986,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="187">Talipariti tiliaceum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
];
|
||
<collectionCode id="9599AE24FF0FFFAAFC15C55FFBCAFEAF" box="[1010,1084,331,357]" pageId="2" pageNumber="187">UFFE</collectionCode>
|
||
:36817; (
|
||
<collectionCode id="9599AE24FF0FFFAAFB7CC55FFB10FEAF" box="[1179,1254,331,357]" pageId="2" pageNumber="187">UFFE</collectionCode>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="BB92656AFF0FFFABFF20C57AFB37FD4F" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="188" pageId="2" pageNumber="187" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="F33736E1FF0FFFAAFF20C57AFE70FDD3" blockId="2.[151,1437,150,2014]" pageId="2" pageNumber="187">
|
||
<emphasis id="C1FCEAF3FF0FFFAAFF20C57AFE5FFE43" bold="true" box="[199,425,366,393]" pageId="2" pageNumber="187">Diagnosis: Female.</emphasis>
|
||
Length
|
||
<quantity id="34709B04FF0FFFAAFDEFC57BFD64FE43" box="[520,658,367,393]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" metricValueMax="1.1" metricValueMin="0.9" pageId="2" pageNumber="187" unit="mm" value="1.0" valueMax="1.1" valueMin="0.9">0.9–1.1 mm</quantity>
|
||
, 2.0 times as long as wide. Frons mostly convex, with a weakly concave area in the middle and a small fovea. Antennae with three funicle segments, 1st about the same size as the 2nd and 3rd combined. Antennal club flat, slightly longer than wide. Antennal sutures weakly procurved, evenly distributed across outer surface (downward facing surface in living beetles). The last (most apical) suture is marked by dense, short setae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F33736E1FF0FFFAAFF20C637FE34FD07" blockId="2.[151,1437,150,2014]" pageId="2" pageNumber="187">Anterior margin of pronotum with four serrations, the median pair slightly larger. Three concentric rows of asperities on the pronotum, the first and second row often broken into two or three concentric groups. Pronotal summit with a short concentric row or irregular oval of contiguous asperities. Lateral margin of pronotum rounded. Pronotum with some scale like setae, especially along basal margin and along median of pronotal disc. Hypomeron with sparse hair-like setae.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F33736E1FF0FFFAAFF20C6C3FD1AFC6F" blockId="2.[151,1437,150,2014]" pageId="2" pageNumber="187">
|
||
Elytral disc approximately one half of elytral length. Elytral striae visible as rows of shallow punctures and strial setae. Interstrial bristles scale-like, 1.0–2.5 times as long as wide, spaces about the same distance as between rows on elytral disc, and to about half of the distance on the declivity. Very few, often none, scale-like setae in interspaces on declivity (interstrial ground vestiture). Declivity with small, barely discernable granules above each interstrial and strial seta. Protibiae with 3 or four equally sized denticles on the outside edge, on the apical third. Setae on protarsi fine hair-like, bifid at end (
|
||
<figureCitation id="6BB32A64FF0FFFAAFD6FC79FFD16FC6F" box="[648,736,907,933]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1787,1811]" captionTargetBox="[183,1404,181,1763]" captionTargetId="figure-33@4.[183,1404,181,1763]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Photographs of E. parvulus morphology. A: frons of female (UFFE:36956), B: frons of male (UFFE:36955), C: declivity of female (UFFE:36956), D: declivity of male (UFFE:36823), E: prolegs of female (UFFE:36956), F: prolegs of male with feather-like setae (UFFE:36956), G: proventriculus (UFFE:36823), H: aedeagus taken from three angles (one of the elongate parts of the basal sclerites is missing) (UFFE:36823). Photographs of host material and galleries, I: Talipariti tiliaceum (L.) Fryxell, with snapped twig in lower right where E. parvulus were collected, J: small twig with abundant, small, circular exit holes, K: pair of E. parvulus in transverse gallery, with longitudinal larval galleries exposed, L: teneral adults under peeled bark." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5027430" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5027430/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="187">Fig. 2E</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F33736E1FF0FFFAAFF20C7BBFC0CFBB7" blockId="2.[151,1437,150,2014]" pageId="2" pageNumber="187">
|
||
<emphasis id="C1FCEAF3FF0FFFAAFF20C7BBFEFDFC03" bold="true" box="[199,267,943,969]" pageId="2" pageNumber="187">Male.</emphasis>
|
||
Very similar to female except with a concave frons, at about the upper level of eyes, fovea missing from middle, cuticle on upper parts of the frons strigose. Pronotum similar except anterior pronotal margin slightly more forward projected, and spacing from margin to first row larger than on female. Protibiae with feather-like setae (
|
||
<figureCitation id="6BB32A64FF0FFFAAFA88C7E3FF4EFBFF" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1787,1811]" captionTargetBox="[183,1404,181,1763]" captionTargetId="figure-33@4.[183,1404,181,1763]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Photographs of E. parvulus morphology. A: frons of female (UFFE:36956), B: frons of male (UFFE:36955), C: declivity of female (UFFE:36956), D: declivity of male (UFFE:36823), E: prolegs of female (UFFE:36956), F: prolegs of male with feather-like setae (UFFE:36956), G: proventriculus (UFFE:36823), H: aedeagus taken from three angles (one of the elongate parts of the basal sclerites is missing) (UFFE:36823). Photographs of host material and galleries, I: Talipariti tiliaceum (L.) Fryxell, with snapped twig in lower right where E. parvulus were collected, J: small twig with abundant, small, circular exit holes, K: pair of E. parvulus in transverse gallery, with longitudinal larval galleries exposed, L: teneral adults under peeled bark." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5027430" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5027430/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="187">Fig. 2F</figureCitation>
|
||
). Proventriculus (
|
||
<figureCitation id="6BB32A64FF0FFFAAFE66C00FFE2CFBFF" box="[385,474,1051,1077]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1787,1811]" captionTargetBox="[183,1404,181,1763]" captionTargetId="figure-33@4.[183,1404,181,1763]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Photographs of E. parvulus morphology. A: frons of female (UFFE:36956), B: frons of male (UFFE:36955), C: declivity of female (UFFE:36956), D: declivity of male (UFFE:36823), E: prolegs of female (UFFE:36956), F: prolegs of male with feather-like setae (UFFE:36956), G: proventriculus (UFFE:36823), H: aedeagus taken from three angles (one of the elongate parts of the basal sclerites is missing) (UFFE:36823). Photographs of host material and galleries, I: Talipariti tiliaceum (L.) Fryxell, with snapped twig in lower right where E. parvulus were collected, J: small twig with abundant, small, circular exit holes, K: pair of E. parvulus in transverse gallery, with longitudinal larval galleries exposed, L: teneral adults under peeled bark." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5027430" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5027430/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="187">Fig. 2G</figureCitation>
|
||
) typical of genus with short, unarmed apical plate, and tuft of upward pointing setae below masticatory brush. Aedeagus typical of genus, Penis apodemes fused (
|
||
<figureCitation id="6BB32A64FF0FFFAAFBE3C02BFB96FB93" box="[1028,1120,1087,1113]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1787,1811]" captionTargetBox="[183,1404,181,1763]" captionTargetId="figure-33@4.[183,1404,181,1763]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Photographs of E. parvulus morphology. A: frons of female (UFFE:36956), B: frons of male (UFFE:36955), C: declivity of female (UFFE:36956), D: declivity of male (UFFE:36823), E: prolegs of female (UFFE:36956), F: prolegs of male with feather-like setae (UFFE:36956), G: proventriculus (UFFE:36823), H: aedeagus taken from three angles (one of the elongate parts of the basal sclerites is missing) (UFFE:36823). Photographs of host material and galleries, I: Talipariti tiliaceum (L.) Fryxell, with snapped twig in lower right where E. parvulus were collected, J: small twig with abundant, small, circular exit holes, K: pair of E. parvulus in transverse gallery, with longitudinal larval galleries exposed, L: teneral adults under peeled bark." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5027430" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5027430/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="187">Fig. 2H</figureCitation>
|
||
). End plate well developed, with a pair of basal sclerites each with a rounded lobe, plus a long projection.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F33736E1FF0FFFAAFF20C092FD18F9C3" blockId="2.[151,1437,150,2014]" pageId="2" pageNumber="187">
|
||
<emphasis id="C1FCEAF3FF0FFFAAFF20C092FE8AFB6B" bold="true" box="[199,380,1158,1185]" pageId="2" pageNumber="187">Sequence data.</emphasis>
|
||
We obtained COI and 28S for this species from
|
||
<specimenCount id="E58EFD68FF0FFFAAFC48C093FBA1FB6B" box="[943,1111,1159,1185]" pageId="2" pageNumber="187" type="generic">two specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
from Florida (UFFE:36821: COI:
|
||
<accessionNumber id="ECDBAB02FF0FFFAAFF2AC0BFFEA6FB0F" box="[205,336,1195,1221]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/MZ291629" pageId="2" pageNumber="187">MZ291629</accessionNumber>
|
||
, 28S:
|
||
<accessionNumber id="ECDBAB02FF0FFFAAFE6EC0BFFDE6FB0F" box="[393,528,1195,1221]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/MZ289896" pageId="2" pageNumber="187">MZ289896</accessionNumber>
|
||
. UFFE:36822: COI:
|
||
<accessionNumber id="ECDBAB02FF0FFFAAFD15C0BFFC83FB0F" box="[754,885,1195,1221]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/MZ291628" pageId="2" pageNumber="187">MZ291628</accessionNumber>
|
||
, 28S:
|
||
<accessionNumber id="ECDBAB02FF0FFFAAFC48C0BEFBC1FB0F" box="[943,1079,1194,1221]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/MZ289895" pageId="2" pageNumber="187">MZ289895</accessionNumber>
|
||
). One specimen from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="8B9F7671FF0FFFAAFAC9C0BFFF37FB23" name="South Africa" pageId="2" pageNumber="187">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||
was also sequenced as part of a different project (Roets
|
||
<emphasis id="C1FCEAF3FF0FFFAAFCD6C0DBFC97FB23" box="[817,865,1231,1257]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="187">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. unpublished). (COI:
|
||
<accessionNumber id="ECDBAB02FF0FFFAAFBACC0DBFB26FB23" box="[1099,1232,1231,1257]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/MZ291624" pageId="2" pageNumber="187">MZ291624</accessionNumber>
|
||
, 28S:
|
||
<accessionNumber id="ECDBAB02FF0FFFAAFAEFC0DBFA67FB23" box="[1288,1425,1231,1257]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/MZ289899" pageId="2" pageNumber="187">MZ289899</accessionNumber>
|
||
). COI had 99.4% identity between samples, 28S was identical. When GenBank and BOLD databases were searched, there were no close matches for COI (all <85% identity). A search of the 28S sequences found that the closest match was
|
||
<taxonomicName id="34884D62FF0FFFAAFF2CC12FFD6EFA9F" authority="(Sampson, 1919)" baseAuthorityName="Sampson" baseAuthorityYear="1919" box="[203,664,1339,1365]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Ernoporus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="corpulentus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C1FCEAF3FF0FFFAAFF2CC12FFE39FA9F" box="[203,463,1339,1365]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="187">Ernoporus corpulentus</emphasis>
|
||
(Sampson, 1919)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(97.4% identity). The specimens from Florida and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="8B9F7671FF0FFFAAFB06C12FFA87FA9F" box="[1249,1393,1339,1365]" name="South Africa" pageId="2" pageNumber="187">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||
did not closely match specimens previously determined as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="34884D62FF0FFFAAFD10C14BFC80FAB3" authorityName="Eggers" authorityYear="1943" box="[759,886,1375,1401]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Margadillius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parvulus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C1FCEAF3FF0FFFAAFD10C14BFC80FAB3" box="[759,886,1375,1401]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="187">E. parvulus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="8B9F7671FF0FFFAAFC5FC14BFBEAFAB3" box="[952,1052,1375,1401]" name="Thailand" pageId="2" pageNumber="187">Thailand</collectingCountry>
|
||
(28S:
|
||
<accessionNumber id="ECDBAB02FF0FFFAAFBB0C14BFB29FAB3" box="[1111,1247,1375,1401]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/MT122092" pageId="2" pageNumber="187">MT122092</accessionNumber>
|
||
, 93.5% identity), corroborated by morphological differences noted below. For all specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="34884D62FF0FFFAAFBE7C197FB77FA57" authorityName="Eggers" authorityYear="1943" box="[1024,1153,1411,1437]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Margadillius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parvulus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C1FCEAF3FF0FFFAAFBE7C197FB77FA57" box="[1024,1153,1411,1437]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="187">E. parvulus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the 28S was a low readquality sequence, due to a variable insertion or deletion in the middle of the target region. Consequently, the second half of all sanger reads were partly offset by one base, and not easily discernable, so the 28S sequences are made from only single read coverage over its whole length.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F33736E1FF0FFFAAFF20C206FE6EF8CF" blockId="2.[151,1437,150,2014]" pageId="2" pageNumber="187">
|
||
<emphasis id="C1FCEAF3FF0FFFAAFF20C206FE2EF9E6" bold="true" box="[199,472,1554,1580]" pageId="2" pageNumber="187">Interspecific variation.</emphasis>
|
||
The arrangement of the asperities on the pronotal slope is variable, with the first and second row often broken into three or two groups respectively, with some specimens having more aberrant patterns. The antennal club is also sometimes variable, with some specimens possessing incomplete or malformed sutures. The scale-like setae on declivital interstriae 4 and 5 are also variable in shape and proportions, from nearly circular (often in smaller specimens) to more than twice as long as wide, with a somewhat pointed tip (usually in larger specimens). The mature color of specimens collected in flight or arriving at new hosts is also variable, from light brown to almost black.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F33736E1FF0FFFABFF20C31AFD91FED7" blockId="2.[151,1437,150,2014]" lastBlockId="3.[151,1437,151,645]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="188" pageId="2" pageNumber="187">
|
||
<emphasis id="C1FCEAF3FF0FFFAAFF20C31AFE60F8E3" bold="true" box="[199,406,1806,1833]" pageId="2" pageNumber="187">Taxonomic notes.</emphasis>
|
||
The first report of this species in the Americas was by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="97194B10FF0FFFAAFC1CC31BFAF6F8E0" author="Bright, D. E. & Torres, J. A." box="[1019,1280,1807,1834]" pageId="2" pageNumber="187" pagination="389 - 428" refId="ref3613" refString="Bright, D. E. & Torres, J. A. (2006) Studies on the West Indian Scolytidae (Coleoptera) 4. A review of the Scolytidae of Puerto Rico, USA with descriptions of one new genus, fourteen new species and notes on new synonymy (Coleoptera: Scolytidae). Koleopterologische Rundschau, 76, 389 - 428." type="journal article" year="2006">Bright & Torres (2006)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, in which
|
||
<specimenCount id="E58EFD68FF0FFFAAFA95C31BFEFAF887" pageId="2" pageNumber="187" type="generic">two specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="8B9F7671FF0FFFAAFEB7C327FE23F887" box="[336,469,1843,1869]" name="Puerto Rico" pageId="2" pageNumber="187">Puerto Rico</collectingCountry>
|
||
did not match any of the Caribbean fauna, and was described as a new genus and species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="34884D62FF0FFFAAFF35C343FE3AF8BA" authorityName="Bright & Torres" authorityYear="2006" box="[210,460,1879,1905]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Allothenemus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minutus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C1FCEAF3FF0FFFAAFF35C343FE3AF8BA" box="[210,460,1879,1905]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="187">Allothenemus minutus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Later,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="97194B10FF0FFFAAFDC2C343FD36F8BB" author="Bright, D. E." box="[549,704,1879,1905]" pageId="2" pageNumber="187" pagination="1 - 491" refId="ref3680" refString="Bright, D. E. (2019) A Taxonomic Monograph of the Bark and Ambrosia Beetles of the West Indies (Coleoptera: Curculionoidea: Scolytidae). Studies on West Indian Scolytidae (Coleoptera) 7. Occasional Papers of the Florida State Collection of Arthropods, 12, 1 - 491." type="journal article" year="2019">Bright (2019)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described an additional species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="34884D62FF0FFFAAFBB6C343FB3FF8BA" authorityName="Thomson" authorityYear="1859" box="[1105,1225,1879,1904]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Ernoporus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C1FCEAF3FF0FFFAAFBB6C343FB3FF8BA" box="[1105,1225,1879,1904]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="187">Ernoporus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(as
|
||
<emphasis id="C1FCEAF3FF0FFFAAFB1DC343FA64F8BB" box="[1274,1426,1879,1905]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="187">Allothemenus</emphasis>
|
||
) from a single specimen diagnosed by the slightly larger size, and by the arrangement of the first row of asperities. The distinction between the two putative species is unjustified. The photos of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="34884D62FF0FFFAAFC14C38BFB9CF872" authorityName="Bright & Torres" authorityYear="2006" box="[1011,1130,1951,1976]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Allothenemus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minutus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C1FCEAF3FF0FFFAAFC14C38BFB9CF872" box="[1011,1130,1951,1976]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="187">E. minutus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="97194B10FF0FFFAAFB76C38BFAD4F873" author="Bright, D. E." box="[1169,1314,1951,1977]" pageId="2" pageNumber="187" pagination="1 - 491" refId="ref3680" refString="Bright, D. E. (2019) A Taxonomic Monograph of the Bark and Ambrosia Beetles of the West Indies (Coleoptera: Curculionoidea: Scolytidae). Studies on West Indian Scolytidae (Coleoptera) 7. Occasional Papers of the Florida State Collection of Arthropods, 12, 1 - 491." type="journal article" year="2019">Bright (2019</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, pages 451 and 461) show all of the diagnostic characters that are given for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="34884D62FF0FFFAAFC8BC3D7FC0DF816" authorityName="Bright" authorityYear="2019" box="[876,1019,1987,2012]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Allothenemus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="exquisitus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C1FCEAF3FF0FFFAAFC8BC3D7FC0DF816" box="[876,1019,1987,2012]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="187">E. exquisitus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The large series collected in Florida represents a near continuous range of sizes and variable arrangements of the first row of asperities on the pronotal declivity, with the first row as a contiguous row, or broken into two or three groups, and the second row contiguous or in two groups. The alternative diagnostic characters that vary between other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="34884D62FF0EFFABFBE2C4CBFB44FF33" box="[1029,1202,223,249]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Ernoporus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="188" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="C1FCEAF3FF0EFFABFBE2C4CBFB8BFF32" box="[1029,1149,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="188">Ernoporus</emphasis>
|
||
spp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are otherwise identical between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="34884D62FF0EFFABFEC4C517FE6DFED6" authorityName="Bright & Torres" authorityYear="2006" box="[291,411,259,284]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Allothenemus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="188" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minutus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C1FCEAF3FF0EFFABFEC4C517FE6DFED6" box="[291,411,259,284]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="188">E. minutus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="34884D62FF0EFFABFE36C517FD96FED6" authorityName="Bright" authorityYear="2019" box="[465,608,259,284]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Allothenemus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="188" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="exquisitus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C1FCEAF3FF0EFFABFE36C517FD96FED6" box="[465,608,259,284]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="188">E. exquisitus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F33736E1FF0EFFABFF20C533FE20FE3F" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,645]" pageId="3" pageNumber="188">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="34884D62FF0EFFABFF20C533FDCDFE8B" authority="(Schedl, 1942)" baseAuthorityName="Schedl" baseAuthorityYear="1942" box="[199,571,295,321]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Ernoporus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="188" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minor">
|
||
<emphasis id="C1FCEAF3FF0EFFABFF20C533FE7DFE8A" box="[199,395,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="188">Ernoporus minor</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="97194B10FF0EFFABFE7BC533FDC4FE8B" author="Schedl, K. E." box="[412,562,295,321]" pageId="3" pageNumber="188" pagination="169 - 218" refId="ref4672" refString="Schedl, K. E. (1942) Forschungberichte zur Scolytoiden-Fauna der Malayischen Halbinsel (V). 80. Beitrag zur Morphologie und Systematik der Scolytoidea. Kolonialforstliche Mitteilungen, 5, 169 - 218." type="journal article" year="1942">Schedl, 1942</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a very similar species, collected from a closely related host plant in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="8B9F7671FF0EFFABFA89C533FF2DFEAF" name="Malaysia" pageId="3" pageNumber="188">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="34884D62FF0EFFABFF00C55FFC78FEAF" authority="(Roxb. ex Hornem.) Fryxell. Based" authorityName="Fryxell. Based" baseAuthorityName="Hornem." box="[231,910,331,357]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Talipariti" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="3" pageNumber="188" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="macrophyllum">
|
||
<emphasis id="C1FCEAF3FF0EFFABFF00C55FFE0EFEAF" box="[231,504,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="188">Talipariti macrophyllum</emphasis>
|
||
(Roxb. ex Hornem.) Fryxell. Based
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
on the
|
||
<typeStatus id="2C338843FF0EFFABFC04C55FFBBCFEAF" box="[995,1098,331,357]" pageId="3" pageNumber="188" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(NHMUK) and
|
||
<typeStatus id="2C338843FF0EFFABFAE2C55FFA6AFEAF" box="[1285,1436,331,357]" pageId="3" pageNumber="188" type="paralectotype">paralectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(NHMW), the antennae differ in that the third antennal suture is very close to the top of the antennae, and the gap to the next one is large. The antennae are particularly diagnostic among other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="34884D62FF0EFFABFBE1C587FB2CFE67" box="[1030,1242,403,429]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Ernoporus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="188" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="C1FCEAF3FF0EFFABFBE1C587FB88FE66" box="[1030,1150,403,428]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="188">Ernoporus</emphasis>
|
||
species
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, by the club with a varying number and shape of visible sutures, although it is possible that the specimen is malformed and is of the same species as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="34884D62FF0EFFABFEA9C5CFFE39FE3F" authorityName="Eggers" authorityYear="1943" box="[334,463,475,501]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Margadillius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="188" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parvulus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C1FCEAF3FF0EFFABFEA9C5CFFE39FE3F" box="[334,463,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="188">E. parvulus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F33736E1FF0EFFABFF20C5EBFB37FD4F" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,645]" pageId="3" pageNumber="188">
|
||
A species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="34884D62FF0EFFABFEBAC5EBFE23FDD2" authorityName="Thomson" authorityYear="1859" box="[349,469,511,536]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Ernoporus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="188" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C1FCEAF3FF0EFFABFEBAC5EBFE23FDD2" box="[349,469,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="188">Ernoporus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="8B9F7671FF0EFFABFDFAC5EBFD77FDD3" box="[541,641,511,537]" name="Thailand" pageId="3" pageNumber="188">Thailand</collectingCountry>
|
||
was previously identified as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="34884D62FF0EFFABFC34C5EBFBA0FDD3" authorityName="Eggers" authorityYear="1943" box="[979,1110,511,537]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Margadillius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="188" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parvulus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C1FCEAF3FF0EFFABFC34C5EBFBA0FDD3" box="[979,1110,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="188">E. parvulus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="97194B10FF0EFFABFB80C5EBFABDFDD3" author="Johnson, A. J. & Hulcr, J. & Knizek, M. & Atkinson, T. H. & Mandelshtam, M. Y. & Smith, S. M. & Cognato, A. I. & Park, S. & Li, Y. & Jordal, B. H." box="[1127,1355,511,537]" pageId="3" pageNumber="188" pagination="1" refId="ref4115" refString="Johnson, A. J., Hulcr, J., Knizek, M., Atkinson, T. H., Mandelshtam, M. Y., Smith, S. M., Cognato, A. I., Park, S., Li, Y. & Jordal, B. H. (2020) Revision of the bark beetle genera within the former Cryphalini (Curculionidae: Scolytinae). Insect Systematics and Diversity, 4 (3), 1 + 1 - 81. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / isd / ixaa 002" type="journal article" year="2020">
|
||
Johnson
|
||
<emphasis id="C1FCEAF3FF0EFFABFB2AC5EBFAF7FDD3" box="[1229,1281,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="188">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2020
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
a, Figs. 27C, F, 28E), but clearly differs by the abundant scale-like setae between the strial and interstrial rows on the declivity, and by comparing sequence data. Some other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="34884D62FF0EFFABFD27C653FCCEFDAA" authorityName="Thomson" authorityYear="1859" box="[704,824,583,608]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Ernoporus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="188" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C1FCEAF3FF0EFFABFD27C653FCCEFDAA" box="[704,824,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="188">Ernoporus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are similar, particularly
|
||
<taxonomicName id="34884D62FF0EFFABFBAEC653FB1AFDAB" baseAuthorityName="Sampson" baseAuthorityYear="1919" box="[1097,1260,583,609]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Ernoporus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="188" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="corpulentus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C1FCEAF3FF0EFFABFBAEC653FB1AFDAB" box="[1097,1260,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="188">E. corpulentus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which is much larger (typically greater than
|
||
<quantity id="34709B04FF0EFFABFE3AC67FFDC1FD4F" box="[477,567,619,645]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="3" pageNumber="188" unit="mm" value="1.4">1.4 mm</quantity>
|
||
), and males have a much more projected pronotal margin.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="A7F76669FF0EFFABFF70C3BDFD33F82F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5027428" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5027428" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5027428/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="188" startId="3.[151,250,1961,1985]" targetBox="[154,1424,676,1938]" targetPageId="3">
|
||
<paragraph id="F33736E1FF0EFFABFF70C3BDFD33F82F" blockId="3.[151,1436,1961,2021]" pageId="3" pageNumber="188">
|
||
<emphasis id="C1FCEAF3FF0EFFABFF70C3BDFEE2F80B" bold="true" box="[151,276,1961,1985]" pageId="3" pageNumber="188">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="34884D62FF0EFFABFEFCC3BEFD7CF80B" authority="(Eggers, 1943)" baseAuthorityName="Eggers" baseAuthorityYear="1943" box="[283,650,1961,1985]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Ernoporus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="188" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parvulus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C1FCEAF3FF0EFFABFEFCC3BEFE1EF80B" box="[283,488,1961,1985]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="188">Ernoporus parvulus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="97194B10FF0EFFABFE11C3BDFD74F80B" author="Eggers, H." box="[502,642,1961,1985]" pageId="3" pageNumber="188" pagination="70 - 76" refId="ref3810" refString="Eggers, H. (1943) Neue Borkenkafer (Ipidae) aus Afrika, Nachtrag VIII. Entomologische Blatter, 39, 70 - 76." type="journal article" year="1943">Eggers, 1943</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="C1FCEAF3FF0EFFABFD72C3BDFD59F80B" bold="true" box="[661,687,1961,1985]" pageId="3" pageNumber="188">A:</emphasis>
|
||
female, dorsal, lateral, and ventral photographs (UFFE:36956);
|
||
<emphasis id="C1FCEAF3FF0EFFABFAA3C3BDFAA8F80B" bold="true" box="[1348,1374,1961,1985]" pageId="3" pageNumber="188">B:</emphasis>
|
||
male, dorsal, lateral, and ventral photographs (UFFE:36955).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="A7F76669FF09FFACFF70C2EFFF3AF821" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5027430" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5027430" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5027430/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="189" startId="4.[151,250,1787,1811]" targetBox="[183,1404,181,1763]" targetPageId="4">
|
||
<paragraph id="F33736E1FF09FFACFF70C2EFFF3AF821" blockId="4.[151,1437,1787,2027]" pageId="4" pageNumber="189">
|
||
<emphasis id="C1FCEAF3FF09FFACFF70C2EFFEE2F8D9" bold="true" box="[151,276,1787,1811]" pageId="4" pageNumber="189">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
|
||
Photographs of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="34884D62FF09FFACFE59C2E8FDC2F8D9" baseAuthorityName="Eggers" baseAuthorityYear="1943" box="[446,564,1787,1811]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Ernoporus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="189" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parvulus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C1FCEAF3FF09FFACFE59C2E8FDC2F8D9" box="[446,564,1787,1811]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="189">E. parvulus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
morphology.
|
||
<emphasis id="C1FCEAF3FF09FFACFD23C2EFFD28F8D9" bold="true" box="[708,734,1787,1811]" pageId="4" pageNumber="189">A:</emphasis>
|
||
frons of female (UFFE:36956),
|
||
<emphasis id="C1FCEAF3FF09FFACFBCAC2E8FBB1F8DE" bold="true" box="[1069,1095,1788,1812]" pageId="4" pageNumber="189">B:</emphasis>
|
||
frons of male (UFFE:36955),
|
||
<emphasis id="C1FCEAF3FF09FFACFA66C2EFFA6BF8D9" bold="true" box="[1409,1437,1787,1811]" pageId="4" pageNumber="189">C:</emphasis>
|
||
declivity of female (UFFE:36956),
|
||
<emphasis id="C1FCEAF3FF09FFACFDEDC334FDD2F8F2" bold="true" box="[522,548,1824,1848]" pageId="4" pageNumber="189">D:</emphasis>
|
||
declivity of male (UFFE:36823),
|
||
<emphasis id="C1FCEAF3FF09FFACFC6BC334FC53F8F2" bold="true" box="[908,933,1824,1848]" pageId="4" pageNumber="189">E:</emphasis>
|
||
prolegs of female (UFFE:36956),
|
||
<emphasis id="C1FCEAF3FF09FFACFAF4C334FADDF8F2" bold="true" box="[1299,1323,1824,1848]" pageId="4" pageNumber="189">F:</emphasis>
|
||
prolegs of male with feather-like setae (UFFE:36956),
|
||
<emphasis id="C1FCEAF3FF09FFACFDB0C357FD85F896" bold="true" box="[599,627,1859,1884]" pageId="4" pageNumber="189">G:</emphasis>
|
||
proventriculus (UFFE:36823),
|
||
<emphasis id="C1FCEAF3FF09FFACFC53C350FC26F896" bold="true" box="[948,976,1860,1884]" pageId="4" pageNumber="189">H:</emphasis>
|
||
aedeagus taken from three angles (one of the elongate parts of the basal sclerites is missing) (UFFE:36823). Photographs of host material and galleries,
|
||
<emphasis id="C1FCEAF3FF09FFACFB24C37CFB3BF84A" bold="true" box="[1219,1229,1896,1920]" pageId="4" pageNumber="189">I</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="34884D62FF09FFACFB3DC373FA6AF8B5" box="[1242,1436,1895,1919]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Talipariti" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="4" pageNumber="189" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tiliaceum">
|
||
<emphasis id="C1FCEAF3FF09FFACFB3DC373FA6AF8B5" box="[1242,1436,1895,1919]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="189">Talipariti tiliaceum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(L.) Fryxell, with snapped twig in lower right where
|
||
<taxonomicName id="34884D62FF09FFACFD5DC398FCC7F869" baseAuthorityName="Eggers" baseAuthorityYear="1943" box="[698,817,1931,1955]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Ernoporus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="189" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parvulus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C1FCEAF3FF09FFACFD5DC398FCC7F869" box="[698,817,1931,1955]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="189">E. parvulus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were collected,
|
||
<emphasis id="C1FCEAF3FF09FFACFC3DC398FC06F86E" bold="true" box="[986,1008,1932,1956]" pageId="4" pageNumber="189">J:</emphasis>
|
||
small twig with abundant, small, circular exit holes,
|
||
<emphasis id="C1FCEAF3FF09FFACFEE2C3A4FED7F802" bold="true" box="[261,289,1968,1992]" pageId="4" pageNumber="189">K:</emphasis>
|
||
pair of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="34884D62FF09FFACFE88C3A4FE12F80D" baseAuthorityName="Eggers" baseAuthorityYear="1943" box="[367,484,1967,1991]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Ernoporus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="189" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parvulus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C1FCEAF3FF09FFACFE88C3A4FE12F80D" box="[367,484,1967,1991]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="189">E. parvulus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in transverse gallery, with longitudinal larval galleries exposed,
|
||
<emphasis id="C1FCEAF3FF09FFACFB89C3A4FB71F802" bold="true" box="[1134,1159,1968,1992]" pageId="4" pageNumber="189">L:</emphasis>
|
||
teneral adults under peeled bark.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="BB92656AFF08FFADFF20C482FE45FED7" pageId="5" pageNumber="190" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="F33736E1FF08FFADFF20C482FE45FED7" blockId="5.[151,1437,150,501]" pageId="5" pageNumber="190">
|
||
<emphasis id="C1FCEAF3FF08FFADFF20C482FED1FF7A" bold="true" box="[199,295,150,176]" pageId="5" pageNumber="190">Biology.</emphasis>
|
||
Known from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="34884D62FF08FFADFE2FC482FD57FF7A" box="[456,673,150,176]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Talipariti" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="5" pageNumber="190" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tiliaceum">
|
||
<emphasis id="C1FCEAF3FF08FFADFE2FC482FD57FF7A" box="[456,673,150,176]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="190">Talipariti tiliaceum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Found on twigs and branches
|
||
<quantity id="34709B04FF08FFADFBE3C482FB73FF7B" box="[1028,1157,150,177]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="0.5" pageId="5" pageNumber="190" unit="cm" value="1.5" valueMax="2.5" valueMin="0.5">0.5–2.5 cm</quantity>
|
||
, and likely able to breed in larger diameter material. Galleries appear female initiated, joined by a male, and with a transverse gallery (
|
||
<figureCitation id="6BB32A64FF08FFADFA88C4AEFF4FFF33" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1787,1811]" captionTargetBox="[183,1404,181,1763]" captionTargetId="figure-33@4.[183,1404,181,1763]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Photographs of E. parvulus morphology. A: frons of female (UFFE:36956), B: frons of male (UFFE:36955), C: declivity of female (UFFE:36956), D: declivity of male (UFFE:36823), E: prolegs of female (UFFE:36956), F: prolegs of male with feather-like setae (UFFE:36956), G: proventriculus (UFFE:36823), H: aedeagus taken from three angles (one of the elongate parts of the basal sclerites is missing) (UFFE:36823). Photographs of host material and galleries, I: Talipariti tiliaceum (L.) Fryxell, with snapped twig in lower right where E. parvulus were collected, J: small twig with abundant, small, circular exit holes, K: pair of E. parvulus in transverse gallery, with longitudinal larval galleries exposed, L: teneral adults under peeled bark." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5027430" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5027430/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="190">Fig. 2K</figureCitation>
|
||
) almost circumscribing the whole twig in smaller material. Larval galleries run longitudinally, or chaotically in thicker bark (
|
||
<figureCitation id="6BB32A64FF08FFADFECAC516FE51FED7" box="[301,423,258,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1787,1811]" captionTargetBox="[183,1404,181,1763]" captionTargetId="figure-33@4.[183,1404,181,1763]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Photographs of E. parvulus morphology. A: frons of female (UFFE:36956), B: frons of male (UFFE:36955), C: declivity of female (UFFE:36956), D: declivity of male (UFFE:36823), E: prolegs of female (UFFE:36956), F: prolegs of male with feather-like setae (UFFE:36956), G: proventriculus (UFFE:36823), H: aedeagus taken from three angles (one of the elongate parts of the basal sclerites is missing) (UFFE:36823). Photographs of host material and galleries, I: Talipariti tiliaceum (L.) Fryxell, with snapped twig in lower right where E. parvulus were collected, J: small twig with abundant, small, circular exit holes, K: pair of E. parvulus in transverse gallery, with longitudinal larval galleries exposed, L: teneral adults under peeled bark." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5027430" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5027430/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="190">Fig. 2K–L</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="BB92656AFF08FFADFF20C532FBD9FE3E" pageId="5" pageNumber="190" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="F33736E1FF08FFADFF20C532FB7DFE8A" blockId="5.[151,1437,150,501]" box="[199,1163,294,321]" pageId="5" pageNumber="190">
|
||
<emphasis id="C1FCEAF3FF08FFADFF20C532FE97FE8A" bold="true" box="[199,353,294,320]" pageId="5" pageNumber="190">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="8B9F7671FF08FFADFE80C532FE08FE8A" box="[359,510,294,320]" name="Mozambique" pageId="5" pageNumber="190">Mozambique</collectingCountry>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectingCountry id="8B9F7671FF08FFADFDEDC532FD6AFE8A" box="[522,668,294,320]" name="South Africa" pageId="5" pageNumber="190">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectingCountry id="8B9F7671FF08FFADFD40C532FC65FE8A" box="[679,915,294,320]" name="Dominican Republic" pageId="5" pageNumber="190">Dominican Republic</collectingCountry>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectingCountry id="8B9F7671FF08FFADFC79C533FBD0FE8A" box="[926,1062,294,321]" name="Puerto Rico" pageId="5" pageNumber="190">Puerto Rico</collectingCountry>
|
||
; Florida.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F33736E1FF08FFADFF20C55EFBD9FE3E" blockId="5.[151,1437,150,501]" pageId="5" pageNumber="190">
|
||
<emphasis id="C1FCEAF3FF08FFADFF20C55EFE2CFEAE" bold="true" box="[199,474,330,356]" pageId="5" pageNumber="190">Economic significance.</emphasis>
|
||
This species shows no behaviors associated with economic damage. There is no indication of these beetles attacking living plants. Their small size and ability to live in twigs may enable them to be transported though horticulture, especially on ornamental
|
||
<taxonomicName id="34884D62FF08FFADFCF8C586FC77FE66" box="[799,897,402,428]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Hibiscus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="5" pageNumber="190" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C1FCEAF3FF08FFADFCF8C586FC77FE66" box="[799,897,402,428]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="190">Hibiscus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="34884D62FF08FFADFC51C586FB88FE66" box="[950,1150,402,428]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Talipariti" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="5" pageNumber="190" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="C1FCEAF3FF08FFADFC51C586FBE9FE66" box="[950,1055,402,428]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="190">Talipariti</emphasis>
|
||
species.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
There is no evidence that this species can live on native or economically important
|
||
<taxonomicName id="34884D62FF08FFADFCC7C5A2FC6AFE1A" box="[800,924,438,464]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="5" pageNumber="190" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Malvaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, such as common hibiscus,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="34884D62FF08FFADFB32C5A2FA6AFE1A" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1753" box="[1237,1436,438,464]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Hibiscus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="5" pageNumber="190" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="syriacus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C1FCEAF3FF08FFADFB32C5A2FA6AFE1A" box="[1237,1436,438,464]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="190">Hibiscus syriacus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
L., cotton,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="34884D62FF08FFADFEF6C5CFFE0FFE3E" box="[273,505,474,501]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Gossypium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="5" pageNumber="190" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hirsutum">
|
||
<emphasis id="C1FCEAF3FF08FFADFEF6C5CFFE0FFE3E" box="[273,505,474,501]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="190">Gossypium hirsutum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
L., or okra,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="34884D62FF08FFADFD64C5CEFC65FE3E" box="[643,915,474,500]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Abelmoschus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="5" pageNumber="190" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="esculentus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C1FCEAF3FF08FFADFD64C5CEFC65FE3E" box="[643,915,474,500]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="190">Abelmoschus esculentus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(L.) Moench.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |