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<document id="1B2C53051C88B2233BFD69E23E852EB8" ID-CLB-Dataset="42401" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3905.3.4" ID-GBIF-Dataset="6c0b61f2-4390-480a-a455-485e51ac3123" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="243089" ID-ZooBank="A6BB4C82-F905-46CC-BA7F-1D6EECD0455B" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460933285435" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Rocha, Rosana Moreira Da, Neves, Isabela Monteiro &amp; Gamba, Gustavo Antunes" docDate="2015" docId="03FEBD67FFD3FFEBFF2DFA71FEA4EF29" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03905p396.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3905 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Didemnum longigaster Rocha, Neves &amp; Gamba, 2015, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="391" masterDocId="FFC7C51FFFDAFFE1FFBAFFFBFFC9ED31" masterDocTitle="New species of Didemnidae (Tunicata: Ascidiacea) from the tropical coast of Brazil" masterLastPageNumber="396" masterPageNumber="381" pageNumber="390" updateTime="1698582504447" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="94E1ED25C5F6A5F95FFB85C582A3DF85">New species of Didemnidae (Tunicata: Ascidiacea) from the tropical coast of Brazil</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="482F602F19885E4C9CB881759F7706B4">Rocha, Rosana Moreira Da</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="932566F3A7DFA34F1613C1AF1023F24B">Neves, Isabela Monteiro</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="F3322965FFB1896D53C43CF772C1474A">Gamba, Gustavo Antunes</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="07EFA961DE400715EB272900D05CD4FE">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="B2F20A9DBD5B792C36A4ED908C20511F">2015</mods:date>
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<mods:identifier id="6D6FBF6D5C1CB77A154D7EA37315D5AB" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3905.3.4</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03FEBD67FFD3FFEBFF2DFA71FEA4EF29" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6105543" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119590443" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6105543" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FEBD67FFD3FFEBFF2DFA71FEA4EF29" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FEBD67FFD3FFEBFF2DFA71FEA4EF29" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="391" pageId="9" pageNumber="390">
<subSubSection id="C34D5FFAFFD3FFE8FF2DFA71FEC2E8F7" pageId="9" pageNumber="390" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BE80C71FFD3FFE8FF2DFA71FD11E894" blockId="9.[151,728,1418,1478]" box="[151,728,1418,1445]" pageId="9" pageNumber="390">
<heading id="D0A0BB1DFFD3FFE8FF2DFA71FD11E894" bold="true" box="[151,728,1418,1445]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="390" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B923D063FFD3FFE8FF2DFA71FD11E894" bold="true" box="[151,728,1418,1445]" pageId="9" pageNumber="390">
<taxonomicName id="4C5777F2FFD3FFE8FF2DFA71FE65E895" box="[151,428,1418,1444]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Didemnidae" genus="Didemnum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="9" pageNumber="390" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="longigaster" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B923D063FFD3FFE8FF2DFA71FE65E895" bold="true" box="[151,428,1418,1444]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="390">Didemnum longigaster</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2106D18FFD3FFE8FE0EFA70FDD8E894" box="[436,529,1419,1445]" pageId="9" pageNumber="390" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
Rocha &amp; Neves
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE80C71FFD3FFE8FF2DFA56FEC2E8F7" blockId="9.[151,728,1418,1478]" box="[151,267,1453,1478]" pageId="9" pageNumber="390">
(
<figureCitation id="136C10F4FFD3FFE8FF25FA56FF2EE8F7" box="[159,231,1453,1478]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1484,1506]" captionTargetBox="[172,1415,596,1459]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[168,1419,591,1462]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 8. Didemnum longigaster sp. nov. A, living colony (cloacal aperture in detail). B, spicules. C, thorax. D, abdomen showing the long stomach on the right. E, abdomen showing the sperm duct. F, larva. Scale bars: C – F = 0.5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/243097/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="390">Figs 8</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="136C10F4FFD3FFE8FF49FA55FECBE8F7" box="[243,258,1454,1478]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1627,1649]" captionTargetBox="[161,1436,193,1606]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1436,193,1606]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 9. Didemnum longigaster sp. nov. A, thorax. B, abdomen. C, larva. Scale bar: 0.5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/243098/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="390">9</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34D5FFAFFD3FFE8FF2DFA0EFD0AEB03" pageId="9" pageNumber="390" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BE80C71FFD3FFE8FF2DFA0EFD0AEB03" blockId="9.[151,1437,1525,2018]" pageId="9" pageNumber="390">
<emphasis id="B923D063FFD3FFE8FF2DFA0EFE43EB3F" bold="true" box="[151,394,1525,1550]" pageId="9" pageNumber="390">Examined material:</emphasis>
<typeStatus id="54ECB2D3FFD3FFE8FE2CFA0EFDCAEB3F" box="[406,515,1525,1550]" pageId="9" pageNumber="390" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
:
<collectionCode id="ED4694B4FFD3FFE8FDA8FA0DFDA6EB3F" box="[530,623,1526,1550]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="9" pageNumber="390">MZUSP</collectionCode>
0 0 0 92 one colony, Quebramar Norte,
<collectingCountry id="F3404CE1FFD3FFE8FB81FA0EFB69EB3F" box="[1083,1184,1525,1550]" name="El Salvador" pageId="9" pageNumber="390">Salvador</collectingCountry>
, Bahia,
<geoCoordinate id="EE636AB6FFD3FFE8FABFFA0EFA5EEB3F" box="[1285,1431,1525,1550]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="390" precision="15" value="-12.964444">12°57’52” S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE636AB6FFD3FFE8FF2DF9E2FEE7EB00" box="[151,302,1561,1586]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="390" precision="15" value="-38.515835">38°30’57” W</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="4CAFA194FFD3FFE8FE83F9E1FEACEB00" box="[313,357,1562,1586]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="390" unit="m" value="4.0">4 m</quantity>
, col. R. M. Rocha,
<date id="FFE92AB1FFD3FFE8FD85F9E1FD76EB03" box="[575,703,1562,1586]" pageId="9" pageNumber="390" value="2007-11-12">11.12.2007</date>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34D5FFAFFD3FFEBFF7DF9C6FEB2EC71" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="391" pageId="9" pageNumber="390" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BE80C71FFD3FFE8FF7DF9C6FB51EB67" blockId="9.[151,1437,1525,2018]" box="[199,1176,1597,1622]" pageId="9" pageNumber="390">
<emphasis id="B923D063FFD3FFE8FF7DF9C6FE87EB67" bold="true" box="[199,334,1597,1622]" pageId="9" pageNumber="390">Etymology.</emphasis>
The name refers to the elongated stomach that is uncommon in didemnids.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE80C71FFD3FFE8FF7DF99AFB41EBD7" blockId="9.[151,1437,1525,2018]" pageId="9" pageNumber="390">
The colony is encrusting, around
<quantity id="4CAFA194FFD3FFE8FDF8F999FD41EB48" box="[578,648,1634,1658]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="390" unit="cm" value="10.0">10 cm</quantity>
long and
<quantity id="4CAFA194FFD3FFE8FD40F999FCF5EB48" box="[762,828,1634,1658]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="390" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
thick. Beige with orange zooids, the colony has large circular cloacae with lobed rim (
<figureCitation id="136C10F4FFD3FFE8FDB6F97EFD98EBAF" box="[524,593,1669,1694]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1484,1506]" captionTargetBox="[172,1415,596,1459]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[168,1419,591,1462]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 8. Didemnum longigaster sp. nov. A, living colony (cloacal aperture in detail). B, spicules. C, thorax. D, abdomen showing the long stomach on the right. E, abdomen showing the sperm duct. F, larva. Scale bars: C – F = 0.5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/243097/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="390">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
A). When preserved in formalin the colony turns white. Spicules are very dense in the surface of the colony, but less so in the middle and basal tunic layers. Spicules are large and stellate, between 60 and 100 µm with 9–10 short conic rays in optical transverse section (
<figureCitation id="136C10F4FFD3FFE8FB99F936FBACEBD7" box="[1059,1125,1741,1766]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1484,1506]" captionTargetBox="[172,1415,596,1459]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[168,1419,591,1462]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 8. Didemnum longigaster sp. nov. A, living colony (cloacal aperture in detail). B, spicules. C, thorax. D, abdomen showing the long stomach on the right. E, abdomen showing the sperm duct. F, larva. Scale bars: C – F = 0.5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/243097/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="390">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
B).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE80C71FFD3FFE8FF7DF90AFE18EAAB" blockId="9.[151,1437,1525,2018]" pageId="9" pageNumber="390">
Zooids are
<quantity id="4CAFA194FFD3FFE8FEFCF90AFE55EA38" box="[326,412,1777,1802]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="9" pageNumber="390" unit="mm" value="1.5">1.5 mm</quantity>
long. When relaxed, the thorax is larger than the abdomen. The oral siphon is tubular with shallow rounded lobes. The atrial aperture is wide exposing the pharynx, atrial languet is absent. The muscular process projects from the base of the thorax and is longer than the abdomen. Thoracic organs are elongated, protruding, located between the third and fourth rows of stigmata close to the endostyle. Each row has 5–6 stigmata on each side (
<figureCitation id="136C10F4FFD3FFE8FE8BF87AFEB7EAAB" box="[305,382,1921,1946]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1484,1506]" captionTargetBox="[172,1415,596,1459]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[168,1419,591,1462]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 8. Didemnum longigaster sp. nov. A, living colony (cloacal aperture in detail). B, spicules. C, thorax. D, abdomen showing the long stomach on the right. E, abdomen showing the sperm duct. F, larva. Scale bars: C – F = 0.5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/243097/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="390">Figs. 8</figureCitation>
C, 9A).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE80C71FFD3FFEBFF7DF85DFEB2EC71" blockId="9.[151,1437,1525,2018]" lastBlockId="10.[151,1436,151,536]" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="391" pageId="9" pageNumber="390">
No stolonic vessels were observed in the abdomen. The esophagus is short. In general, all zooids have elongated stomach, but not all of them as long as in
<figureCitation id="136C10F4FFD3FFE8FD64F832FCE0EAD3" box="[734,809,1993,2018]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1484,1506]" captionTargetBox="[172,1415,596,1459]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[168,1419,591,1462]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 8. Didemnum longigaster sp. nov. A, living colony (cloacal aperture in detail). B, spicules. C, thorax. D, abdomen showing the long stomach on the right. E, abdomen showing the sperm duct. F, larva. Scale bars: C – F = 0.5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/243097/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="390">Figs. 8</figureCitation>
D and 9B. The intestine does not form a secondary loop and the ascending portion passes beside, without overlaying, the stomach. The testis has a single and spherical follicle, surrounded by 8 coils of the sperm duct (
<figureCitation id="136C10F4FFD0FFEBFD66FF47FCE2EDE5" box="[732,811,188,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1484,1506]" captionTargetBox="[172,1415,596,1459]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[168,1419,591,1462]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 8. Didemnum longigaster sp. nov. A, living colony (cloacal aperture in detail). B, spicules. C, thorax. D, abdomen showing the long stomach on the right. E, abdomen showing the sperm duct. F, larva. Scale bars: C – F = 0.5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/243097/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="391">Figs. 8</figureCitation>
E, 9B). Larvae are oval,
<quantity id="4CAFA194FFD0FFEBFBF5FF47FB61EDE5" box="[1103,1192,188,212]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="391" unit="mm" value="0.4">0.4 mm</quantity>
trunk length, around which the tail winds half way. Three adhesive papillae are present, with long and wide stalks plus six pairs of ectodermal ampullae. The sensorial vesicle (including ocellus and otolith) is in the mid-dorsal region of the larval trunk (
<figureCitation id="136C10F4FFD0FFEBFF5BFEDCFEE4EC71" box="[225,301,295,320]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1484,1506]" captionTargetBox="[172,1415,596,1459]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[168,1419,591,1462]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 8. Didemnum longigaster sp. nov. A, living colony (cloacal aperture in detail). B, spicules. C, thorax. D, abdomen showing the long stomach on the right. E, abdomen showing the sperm duct. F, larva. Scale bars: C – F = 0.5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/243097/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="391">Figs. 8</figureCitation>
F, 9C).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34D5FFAFFD0FFEBFF7DFEB7FEA4EF29" pageId="10" pageNumber="391" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BE80C71FFD0FFEBFF7DFEB7FEA4EF29" blockId="10.[151,1436,151,536]" pageId="10" pageNumber="391">
<emphasis id="B923D063FFD0FFEBFF7DFEB7FEF2EC54" bold="true" box="[199,315,332,357]" pageId="10" pageNumber="391">Remarks.</emphasis>
No other
<taxonomicName id="4C5777F2FFD0FFEBFE11FEB7FDEFEC54" box="[427,550,332,357]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Didemnidae" genus="Didemnum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="10" pageNumber="391" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B923D063FFD0FFEBFE11FEB7FDEFEC54" box="[427,550,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="391">Didemnum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species has an elongated stomach as in
<emphasis id="B923D063FFD0FFEBFC5EFEB6FB43EC54" box="[996,1162,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="391">
<taxonomicName id="4C5777F2FFD0FFEBFC5EFEB6FB4FEC54" box="[996,1158,332,357]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Didemnidae" genus="Didemnum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="10" pageNumber="391" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="longigaster">D. longigaster</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
The combination of this elongated stomach, large spicules and larvae with six pairs of ectodermal ampullae is also unique. In the Atlantic, two other species are of the same colony color.
<taxonomicName id="4C5777F2FFD0FFEBFD02FE6FFC76EC9C" box="[696,959,404,429]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Didemnidae" genus="Didemnum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="10" pageNumber="391" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="granulatum">
<emphasis id="B923D063FFD0FFEBFD02FE6FFC76EC9C" box="[696,959,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="391">Didemnum granulatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have a beige color morph, but the colony surface has small projections filled with spicules, that are much smaller than in
<taxonomicName id="4C5777F2FFD0FFEBFBAEFE42FA51ECE1" authority="Rocha et al. 2005" authorityName="Rocha et al." authorityYear="2005" box="[1044,1432,439,464]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Didemnidae" genus="Didemnum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="10" pageNumber="391" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="longigaster">
<emphasis id="B923D063FFD0FFEBFBAEFE42FB7FECE1" box="[1044,1206,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="391">D. longigaster</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFC67180FFD0FFEBFB7FFE4CFA58ECE1" author="Rocha" box="[1221,1425,439,464]" pageId="10" pageNumber="391" refString="Rocha, R. M., Moreno, T. R. &amp; Metri, R. (2005) Ascidias (Tunicata, Ascidiacea) da Reserva Biologica Marinha do Arvoredo, Santa Catarina, Brasil. Revista Brasileira de Zoologia, 22 (2), 461 - 476. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1590 / s 0101 - 81752005000200024" type="journal article" year="2005">Rocha et al. 2005</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C5777F2FFD0FFEBFF2DFE27FE35ECC5" authority="Kott, 2002" authorityName="Kott" authorityYear="2002" box="[151,508,476,501]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Didemnidae" genus="Didemnum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="10" pageNumber="391" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vexillum">
<emphasis id="B923D063FFD0FFEBFF2DFE27FEB0ECC4" box="[151,377,476,501]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="391">Didemnum vexillum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFC67180FFD0FFEBFE38FE26FE35ECC5" author="Kott" box="[386,508,476,500]" pageId="10" pageNumber="391" refString="Kott, P. (2002) A complex didemnid ascidian from Whangamata, New Zealand. Journal of Marine Biological Association of United Kingdom, 82, 625 - 628." type="journal article" year="2002">Kott, 2002</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
does not occur in Brazilian coastal waters, and it has smaller spicules and larger larvae (
<bibRefCitation id="EFC67180FFD0FFEBFF50FDFBFEA8EF29" author="Kott" box="[234,353,512,536]" pageId="10" pageNumber="391" refString="Kott, P. (2002) A complex didemnid ascidian from Whangamata, New Zealand. Journal of Marine Biological Association of United Kingdom, 82, 625 - 628." type="journal article" year="2002">Kott 2002</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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