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<document id="8814080872E0F62A4208EEB05AB16971" ID-CLB-Dataset="9033" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4865.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="9f7f6969-7f7b-4ab8-8861-1b5c1a647233" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4428428" ID-ZooBank="039515F7-5688-400B-A5B6-CFF8618C248F" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1609803066400" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Brook, Fred J., Kennedy, Martyn, King, Tania M., Ridden, Johnathon, Shaw, Matthew D. &amp; Spencer, Hamish G." docDate="2020" docId="AD3987E6FA18FFFD50B6FC12FBECBEC0" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4865.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4865 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Phrixgnathus phrynia Hutton, Wanganui 1883" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="45" masterDocId="5100FF9EFA32FFD15021FFE3FFADBE3A" masterDocTitle="Catalogue of New Zealand land, freshwater and estuarine molluscan taxa named by Frederick Wollaston Hutton between 1879 and 1904" masterLastPageNumber="73" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="43" updateTime="1698852283890" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="3ED49078529201F9646C98F7E5A9B5E2">Catalogue of New Zealand land, freshwater and estuarine molluscan taxa named by Frederick Wollaston Hutton between 1879 and 1904</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="95E6D39E562B2B0B7E7678421968A247">Brook, Fred J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="9256D3D311B1A0EB7E1DEC88ABAC9898">Kennedy, Martyn</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="706E1EB55D89EF7392AA3DB7E7C55A96">King, Tania M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="6C8D0B1BEA75EE77A2B4BED6D934409D">Ridden, Johnathon</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="ACD08E7F4F4E53B3073D9E6AD21B3715" type="email">idden@canterburymuseum.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="7893204CD7125F840AB709FCC9CB5FCC">Shaw, Matthew D.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="CB8BCEDFBE32208BCF24E3B932F7E317" type="email">matthew.shaw@samuseum.sa.gov.au</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="C1B50B6A98107429B966AEBF5AE1248B">Spencer, Hamish G.</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="AD3987E6FA18FFFD50B6FC12FBECBEC0" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4428533" ID-GBIF-Taxon="176440012" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4428533" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AD3987E6FA18FFFD50B6FC12FBECBEC0" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/AD3987E6FA18FFFD50B6FC12FBECBEC0" lastPageId="44" lastPageNumber="45" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
<subSubSection id="6D8A657BFA18FFFB50B6FC12FEB7BA0A" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="252F36F0FA18FFFB50B6FC12FDE3BA36" blockId="42.[151,590,1009,1073]" box="[151,590,1009,1036]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
<heading id="7E67819CFA18FFFB50B6FC12FDE3BA36" bold="true" box="[151,590,1009,1036]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" reason="4">
<taxonomicName id="E2904D73FA18FFFB50B6FC12FDE3BA36" ID-CoL="6VBZB" authority="Hutton, 1883" authorityName="Hutton, Wanganui" authorityYear="1883" box="[151,590,1009,1036]" class="Gastropoda" family="Punctidae" genus="Phrixgnathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="phrynia">
<emphasis id="17E4EAE2FA18FFFB50B6FC12FDE3BA36" bold="true" box="[151,590,1009,1036]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
<emphasis id="17E4EAE2FA18FFFB50B6FC12FE09BA36" bold="true" box="[151,420,1009,1036]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Phrixgnathus phrynia</emphasis>
Hutton, 1883
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="252F36F0FA18FFFB50B6FBF5FEB7BA0A" blockId="42.[151,590,1009,1073]" box="[151,282,1046,1073]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Pl. 5, fig. G</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="6D8A657BFA18FFFB50B6FBB8FD59BA48" box="[151,756,1114,1138]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" type="description">
<paragraph id="252F36F0FA18FFFB50B6FBB8FD59BA48" blockId="42.[151,756,1114,1138]" box="[151,756,1114,1138]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
<taxonomicName id="E2904D73FA18FFFB50B6FBB8FE8DBA48" authority="Brook &amp; Kennedy &amp; King &amp; Ridden &amp; Shaw &amp; Spencer, 2020" authorityName="Brook &amp; Kennedy &amp; King &amp; Ridden &amp; Shaw &amp; Spencer" authorityYear="2020" box="[151,288,1114,1138]" genus="Hutton" pageId="42" pageNumber="65" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">Hutton, 1883</taxonomicName>
. The
<collectingCountry id="5D877660FA18FFFB5176FBB8FE72BA48" box="[343,479,1114,1138]" name="New Zealand" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
Journal of Science, 1: 476.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="6D8A657BFA18FFFB50B6FB42FB6BBB54" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="252F36F0FA18FFFB50B6FB42FC10BA81" blockId="42.[151,1437,1184,2039]" box="[151,957,1184,1211]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
<emphasis id="17E4EAE2FA18FFFB50B6FB42FEE8BA80" bold="true" box="[151,325,1184,1211]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Type material.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="95F83CADFA18FFFB516DFB42FC10BA81" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3012559348" box="[332,957,1184,1211]" collectionCode="CMNZ" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" specimenCode="M1384" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="lectotype">
<typeStatus id="FA2B8852FA18FFFB516DFB42FE11BA81" box="[332,444,1185,1211]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" type="lectotype">Lectotype</typeStatus>
(designated here),
<collectionCode id="4381AE35FA18FFFB52B3FB42FD4EBA81" box="[658,739,1185,1211]" country="New Zealand" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/n6z3-qvv0" name="Canterbury Museum" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">CMNZ</collectionCode>
<specimenCode id="75369E8BFA18FFFB52CBFB42FC96BA81" box="[746,827,1185,1211]" collectionCode="CMNZ" country="New Zealand" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/n6z3-qvv0" name="Canterbury Museum" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">M1384</specimenCode>
(dry shell).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="252F36F0FA18FFFB50E6FB26FC3CBAE4" blockId="42.[151,1437,1184,2039]" box="[199,913,1220,1247]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
<emphasis id="17E4EAE2FA18FFFB50E6FB26FEC5BAE4" bold="true" box="[199,360,1220,1247]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Label details.</emphasis>
<collectionCode id="4381AE35FA18FFFB514FFB26FE12BAE5" box="[366,447,1221,1247]" country="New Zealand" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/n6z3-qvv0" name="Canterbury Museum" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">CMNZ</collectionCode>
M1384—114. Whanganui,
<taxonomicName id="E2904D73FA18FFFB5323FB26FCFDBAE5" authority="Brook &amp; Kennedy &amp; King &amp; Ridden &amp; Shaw &amp; Spencer, 2020" authorityName="Brook &amp; Kennedy &amp; King &amp; Ridden &amp; Shaw &amp; Spencer" authorityYear="2020" box="[770,848,1221,1247]" genus="Hutton" pageId="42" pageNumber="65" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">Hutton</taxonomicName>
coll.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="252F36F0FA18FFFB50E6FB0BFA26BB39" blockId="42.[151,1437,1184,2039]" box="[199,1419,1256,1283]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
<materialsCitation id="95F83CADFA18FFFB50E6FB0BFA2FBB39" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3012559318" box="[199,1410,1256,1283]" collectionCode="CMNZ" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" specimenCount="1">
<emphasis id="17E4EAE2FA18FFFB50E6FB0BFDDCBB38" bold="true" box="[199,625,1256,1283]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
<collectionCode id="4381AE35FA18FFFB50E6FB0BFEB0BB38" box="[199,285,1256,1282]" country="New Zealand" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/n6z3-qvv0" name="Canterbury Museum" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">CMNZ</collectionCode>
molluscan catalogue details.
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="E2904D73FA18FFFB525CFB0BFBE8BB38" authority="Hutton, Wanganui" authorityName="Hutton, Wanganui" authorityYear="1883" box="[637,1093,1256,1283]" class="Gastropoda" family="Punctidae" genus="Phrixgnathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="phrynia">Phrixgnathus phrynia Hutton, Wanganui</taxonomicName>
(
<specimenCount id="3396FD79FA18FFFB5476FB0AFB7BBB39" box="[1111,1238,1256,1283]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
) (old No. 114)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="252F36F0FA18FFFB50E6FAEEFC53BB1D" blockId="42.[151,1437,1184,2039]" box="[199,1022,1292,1319]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
<emphasis id="17E4EAE2FA18FFFB50E6FAEEFECBBB1C" bold="true" box="[199,358,1292,1319]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
<typeStatus id="FA2B8852FA18FFFB50E6FAEEFEAFBB1D" box="[199,258,1293,1319]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Type</typeStatus>
locality.
</emphasis>
Wanganui (T. W. Kirk) (
<taxonomicName id="E2904D73FA18FFFB52ADFAEEFCC9BB1C" authority="Brook &amp; Kennedy &amp; King &amp; Ridden &amp; Shaw &amp; Spencer, 2020" authorityName="Brook &amp; Kennedy &amp; King &amp; Ridden &amp; Shaw &amp; Spencer" authorityYear="2020" box="[652,868,1292,1319]" genus="Hutton" pageId="42" pageNumber="65" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<bibRefCitation id="41014B01FA18FFFB52ADFAEEFCC9BB1C" author="Hutton, F. W." box="[652,868,1292,1319]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="475 - 477" refId="ref63184" refString="Hutton, F. W. (1883 g) Meetings of Societies. Philosophical Institute of Canterbury. Christchurch, 7 th June, 1883. Notes on New Zealand land shells, with descriptions of new species. The New Zealand Journal of Science, 1 (10), 475 - 477. [July]" type="journal article" year="1883">
Hutton
<quantity id="E2689B15FA18FFFB52C3FAEEFC81BB1D" box="[738,812,1293,1319]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="1.883" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" unit="g" value="1883.0">1883g</quantity>
: 476
</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<bibRefCitation id="41014B01FA18FFFB534EFAEFFC5FBB1D" author="Hutton, F. W." box="[879,1010,1292,1319]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="161 - 186" refId="ref63419" refString="Hutton, F. W. (1884 b) Notes on New Zealand land shells. Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute, 16, 161 - 186. [May]" type="journal article" year="1884">1884b: 177</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="252F36F0FA18FFFB50E6FAD3FB6BBB54" blockId="42.[151,1437,1184,2039]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
<emphasis id="17E4EAE2FA18FFFB50E6FAD3FD3FBB70" bold="true" box="[199,658,1328,1355]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
Previous illustrations of
<typeStatus id="FA2B8852FA18FFFB51CAFAD2FDB3BB71" box="[491,542,1329,1355]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">type</typeStatus>
material.
</emphasis>
The shell(s) illustrated by Pilsbry (1892 [in 18921893]: pl. 23, figs. 8890, H. Suter, del.) and
<bibRefCitation id="41014B01FA18FFFB51F0FAB6FDF4BB55" author="Suter, H." box="[465,601,1364,1391]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" refId="ref69552" refString="Suter, H. (1915) Manual of the New Zealand Mollusca, Atlas of Plates. MacKay, Government Printer, Wellington, 72 pls." type="book" year="1915">Suter (1915</bibRefCitation>
: pl. 9, figs. 23, a, b) are possibly primary
<typeStatus id="FA2B8852FA18FFFB540AFAB6FBF6BB55" box="[1067,1115,1365,1391]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">type</typeStatus>
material.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="6D8A657BFA18FFFD50E6FA9AFBECBEC0" lastPageId="44" lastPageNumber="45" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="252F36F0FA18FFFB50E6FA9AFEDAB9CD" blockId="42.[151,1437,1184,2039]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
<emphasis id="17E4EAE2FA18FFFB50E6FA9AFE96BBA9" bold="true" box="[199,315,1401,1427]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Remarks.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="E2904D73FA18FFFB5161FA9AFE23BBA9" authority="Brook &amp; Kennedy &amp; King &amp; Ridden &amp; Shaw &amp; Spencer, 2020" authorityName="Brook &amp; Kennedy &amp; King &amp; Ridden &amp; Shaw &amp; Spencer" authorityYear="2020" box="[320,398,1401,1427]" genus="Hutton" pageId="42" pageNumber="65" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">Hutton</taxonomicName>
submitted a description of this species to the Transactions and Proceedings of the
<collectingCountry id="5D877660FA18FFFB5529FA9AFA31BBA8" box="[1288,1436,1400,1427]" name="New Zealand" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
Institute issue for 1883, but publication was delayed until
<date id="512E1030FA18FFFB533DFA7EFC23BB8D" box="[796,910,1437,1463]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" value="1884-05">May 1884</date>
(
<taxonomicName id="E2904D73FA18FFFB53BDFA7EFBDEBB8D" authority="Brook &amp; Kennedy &amp; King &amp; Ridden &amp; Shaw &amp; Spencer, 2020" authorityName="Brook &amp; Kennedy &amp; King &amp; Ridden &amp; Shaw &amp; Spencer" authorityYear="2020" box="[924,1139,1436,1463]" genus="Hutton" pageId="42" pageNumber="65" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<bibRefCitation id="41014B01FA18FFFB53BDFA7EFBDEBB8D" author="Hutton, F. W." box="[924,1139,1436,1463]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="161 - 186" refId="ref63419" refString="Hutton, F. W. (1884 b) Notes on New Zealand land shells. Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute, 16, 161 - 186. [May]" type="journal article" year="1884">Hutton 1884b: 177</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
), and was pre-empted by a brief description in an account of a meeting of the Philosophical Institute of
<collectingRegion id="E754F812FA18FFFB53C5FA23FBCFBBE0" box="[996,1122,1472,1498]" country="New Zealand" name="Canterbury" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Canterbury</collectingRegion>
(
<taxonomicName id="E2904D73FA18FFFB544EFA22FAE5BBE1" authority="Brook &amp; Kennedy &amp; King &amp; Ridden &amp; Shaw &amp; Spencer, 2020" authorityName="Brook &amp; Kennedy &amp; King &amp; Ridden &amp; Shaw &amp; Spencer" authorityYear="2020" box="[1135,1352,1472,1499]" genus="Hutton" pageId="42" pageNumber="65" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<bibRefCitation id="41014B01FA18FFFB544EFA22FAE5BBE1" author="Hutton, F. W." box="[1135,1352,1472,1499]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="475 - 477" refId="ref63184" refString="Hutton, F. W. (1883 g) Meetings of Societies. Philosophical Institute of Canterbury. Christchurch, 7 th June, 1883. Notes on New Zealand land shells, with descriptions of new species. The New Zealand Journal of Science, 1 (10), 475 - 477. [July]" type="journal article" year="1883">
Hutton
<quantity id="E2689B15FA18FFFB54E4FA22FAA2BBE1" box="[1221,1295,1473,1499]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="1.883" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" unit="g" value="1883.0">1883g</quantity>
: 476
</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
). These descriptions were based on one or more specimens reportedly collected from Whanganui and sent to
<taxonomicName id="E2904D73FA18FFFB54D3FA06FAEDBBC5" authority="Brook &amp; Kennedy &amp; King &amp; Ridden &amp; Shaw &amp; Spencer, 2020" authorityName="Brook &amp; Kennedy &amp; King &amp; Ridden &amp; Shaw &amp; Spencer" authorityYear="2020" box="[1266,1344,1509,1535]" genus="Hutton" pageId="42" pageNumber="65" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">Hutton</taxonomicName>
by T.W. Kirk. Subsequently there has been confusion over the identity and distribution of
<taxonomicName id="E2904D73FA18FFFB540AF9EBFA8DB818" authorityName="Hutton, Wanganui" authorityYear="1883" box="[1067,1312,1544,1570]" class="Gastropoda" family="Punctidae" genus="Phrixgnathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="phrynia">
<emphasis id="17E4EAE2FA18FFFB540AF9EBFA8DB818" box="[1067,1312,1544,1570]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Phrixgnathus phrynia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<bibRefCitation id="41014B01FA18FFFB550FF9EBFEF2B87D" author="Hedley, C. &amp; Suter, H." pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="613 - 665" refId="ref61432" refString="Hedley, C. &amp; Suter, H. (1893) Reference list of the land and freshwater Mollusca of New Zealand. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, Series 2, 7, 613 - 665. [May]" type="journal article" year="1893">Hedley &amp; Suter (1893: 649)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="41014B01FA18FFFB51B6F9CEFDC1B87D" author="Suter, H." box="[407,620,1580,1607]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="220 - 293" refId="ref69317" refString="Suter, H. (1894 b) Liste synonymique et bibliographique des Mollusques terrestres et fluviatiles de la Nouvelle-Zelande. Journal de Conchyliologie, 41, 220 - 293." type="journal article" year="1894">Suter (1894b: 279)</bibRefCitation>
recorded it from several North Island localities between Whangarei and Whanganui; and
<bibRefCitation id="41014B01FA18FFFB5172F9B2FDB5B851" author="Suter, H." box="[339,536,1616,1643]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" refId="ref69528" refString="Suter, H. (1913) Manual of the New Zealand Mollusca. MacKay, Government Printer, Wellington, 1120 pp." type="book" year="1913">Suter (1913: 756)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="41014B01FA18FFFB5203F9B3FD45B851" author="Dell, R. K." box="[546,744,1616,1643]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="137 - 156" refId="ref60010" refString="Dell, R. K. (1954 b) The land Mollusca of Stewart and Solander Islands. Transactions of the Royal Society of New Zealand, 82, 137 - 156." type="journal article" year="1954">Dell (1954b: 147)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="41014B01FA18FFFB533AF9B3FC5DB851" author="Powell, A. W. B." box="[795,1008,1616,1643]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" refId="ref67797" refString="Powell, A. W. B. (1979) New Zealand Mollusca: Marine, Land and Freshwater Shells. Collins, Auckland, xiv + 500 pp." type="book" year="1979">Powell (1979: 329)</bibRefCitation>
recorded it as being widely distributed in the North and South islands, and present also on Rakiura/Stewart Island. However, examination of museum collections indicates that it actually has a much narrower distribution (see below).
<taxonomicName id="E2904D73FA18FFFB546AF97BFEB5B8ED" authority="Suter, 1891" authorityName="Suter" authorityYear="1891" class="Gastropoda" family="Punctidae" genus="Phrixgnathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="acanthinulopsis">
<emphasis id="17E4EAE2FA18FFFB546AF97BFA31B888" box="[1099,1436,1688,1714]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Phrixgnathus acanthinulopsis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="41014B01FA18FFFB50B6F95EFEB5B8ED" author="Suter, H." box="[151,280,1725,1751]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="93 - 96" refId="ref69032" refString="Suter, H. (1891) Miscellaneous communications on New Zealand land and fresh-water molluscs. Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute, 23, 93 - 96." type="journal article" year="1891">Suter, 1891</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, based on material from Hooker Valley, Mt Cook (i.e., NMNZ M.88018), was listed as a junior synonym of
<taxonomicName id="E2904D73FA18FFFB5099F902FE61B8C1" authority="Hutton, 1883" authorityName="Hutton, Wanganui" authorityYear="1883" box="[184,460,1760,1787]" class="Gastropoda" family="Punctidae" genus="Phrixgnathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="phrynia">
<emphasis id="17E4EAE2FA18FFFB5099F902FE80B8C0" box="[184,301,1760,1786]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">P. phrynia</emphasis>
Hutton, 1883
</taxonomicName>
by
<bibRefCitation id="41014B01FA18FFFB51DAF902FD6AB8C1" author="Suter, H." box="[507,711,1760,1787]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" refId="ref69528" refString="Suter, H. (1913) Manual of the New Zealand Mollusca. MacKay, Government Printer, Wellington, 1120 pp." type="book" year="1913">Suter (1913: 755)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="41014B01FA18FFFB52F4F903FC0FB8C1" author="Dell, R. K." box="[725,930,1760,1787]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="137 - 156" refId="ref60010" refString="Dell, R. K. (1954 b) The land Mollusca of Stewart and Solander Islands. Transactions of the Royal Society of New Zealand, 82, 137 - 156." type="journal article" year="1954">Dell (1954b: 147)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="41014B01FA18FFFB53FCF903FB11B8C1" author="Powell, A. W. B." box="[989,1212,1760,1787]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" refId="ref67797" refString="Powell, A. W. B. (1979) New Zealand Mollusca: Marine, Land and Freshwater Shells. Collins, Auckland, xiv + 500 pp." type="book" year="1979">Powell (1979: 329)</bibRefCitation>
, but these two taxa differ morphologically and genetically (M. Kennedy &amp; T. King, unpub. data), and in our opinion are separate species.
<taxonomicName id="E2904D73FA18FFFB50D7F8CAFCF8B979" authority="Suter, 1897" authorityName="Suter" authorityYear="1897" box="[246,853,1832,1859]" class="Gastropoda" family="Punctidae" genus="Laoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Mollusca" rank="variety" species="phrynia" subGenus="Phrixgnathus" variety="major">
<emphasis id="17E4EAE2FA18FFFB50D7F8CAFEE9B978" box="[246,324,1833,1858]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Laoma</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="17E4EAE2FA18FFFB5175F8CBFE46B978" box="[340,491,1832,1858]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Phrixgnathus</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="17E4EAE2FA18FFFB51DAF8CBFDFFB978" box="[507,594,1832,1858]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">phrynia</emphasis>
var.
<emphasis id="17E4EAE2FA18FFFB52A8F8CAFD61B978" box="[649,716,1833,1858]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">major</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="41014B01FA18FFFB52F3F8CAFCF8B979" author="Suter, H." box="[722,853,1833,1859]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="245 - 257" refId="ref69348" refString="Suter, H. (1897) A revision of the New Zealand Athoracophoridae. Proceedings of the Malacological Society of London, 2 (6), 245 - 257. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / oxfordjournals. mollus. a 064678" type="journal article" year="1897">Suter, 1897</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, based on material from Stewart Island (i.e., NMNZ M.125167), was listed as a junior synonym of
<taxonomicName id="E2904D73FA18FFFB52BAF8AEFC0AB95D" authority="Hutton, 1883" authorityName="Hutton" authorityYear="1883" box="[667,935,1868,1895]" class="Gastropoda" family="Punctidae" genus="Laoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="phrynia">
<emphasis id="17E4EAE2FA18FFFB52BAF8AEFCA0B95C" box="[667,781,1868,1894]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">P. phrynia</emphasis>
Hutton, 1883
</taxonomicName>
by Dell (1954: 147) and
<bibRefCitation id="41014B01FA18FFFB549FF8AFFA35B95D" author="Powell, A. W. B." box="[1214,1432,1868,1895]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" refId="ref67797" refString="Powell, A. W. B. (1979) New Zealand Mollusca: Marine, Land and Freshwater Shells. Collins, Auckland, xiv + 500 pp." type="book" year="1979">Powell (1979: 329)</bibRefCitation>
, but examination of
<typeStatus id="FA2B8852FA18FFFB5159F892FE05B9B1" box="[376,424,1905,1931]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">type</typeStatus>
material indicates that these also are separate species, and that the former is a synonym of
<taxonomicName id="E2904D73FA18FFFB5099F877FD63B995" authority="Dell, 1954" authorityName="Dell" authorityYear="1954" box="[184,718,1940,1967]" class="Gastropoda" family="Punctidae" genus="Phrixgnathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Mollusca" rank="subSpecies" species="flemingi" subSpecies="stewartensis">
<emphasis id="17E4EAE2FA18FFFB5099F877FDE5B994" box="[184,584,1940,1966]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Phrixgnathus flemingi stewartensis</emphasis>
Dell, 1954
</taxonomicName>
.
<taxonomicName id="E2904D73FA18FFFB52FAF877FB2EB995" authority="Powell, 1941" authorityName="Powell" authorityYear="1941" box="[731,1155,1940,1967]" class="Gastropoda" family="Punctidae" genus="Phrixgnathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="oconnori">
<emphasis id="17E4EAE2FA18FFFB52FAF877FC4CB994" box="[731,993,1940,1966]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Phrixgnathus oconnori</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="41014B01FA18FFFB53CAF877FB2EB995" author="Powell, A. W. B." box="[1003,1155,1940,1967]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="239 - 259" refId="ref67435" refString="Powell, A. W. B. (1941) Biological primary types in the Auckland Museum. Records of the Auckland Institute and Museum, 2, 239 - 259." type="journal article" year="1941">Powell, 1941</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, based on material from Pirinoa [Wairarapa] (i.e., AIM MA70621), is a subjective junior synonym of
<taxonomicName id="E2904D73FA18FFFB53DCF85AFABDB9E9" authority="Hutton, 1883" authorityName="Hutton" authorityYear="1883" box="[1021,1296,1976,2003]" class="Gastropoda" family="Punctidae" genus="Laoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="phrynia">
<emphasis id="17E4EAE2FA18FFFB53DCF85AFBDCB9E8" box="[1021,1137,1976,2002]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">P. phrynia</emphasis>
Hutton, 1883
</taxonomicName>
, as noted by
<bibRefCitation id="41014B01FA18FFFB50B6F83FFEDFB9CD" author="Powell, A. W. B." box="[151,370,2012,2039]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" refId="ref67797" refString="Powell, A. W. B. (1979) New Zealand Mollusca: Marine, Land and Freshwater Shells. Collins, Auckland, xiv + 500 pp." type="book" year="1979">Powell (1979: 329)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="71EF6678FA19FFFA50B6F908FDDFB98D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4428442" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4428442" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4428442/files/figure.png" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" startId="43.[151,234,1771,1795]" targetBox="[151,1436,181,1747]" targetPageId="43">
<paragraph id="252F36F0FA19FFFA50B6F908FDDFB98D" blockId="43.[151,1437,1771,1975]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
<emphasis id="17E4EAE2FA19FFFA50B6F908FEAEB939" bold="true" box="[151,259,1771,1795]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">PLATE 5.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="E2904D73FA19FFFA512BF908FEDCB939" authorityName="Morse" authorityYear="1864" box="[266,369,1771,1795]" class="Gastropoda" family="Punctidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Mollusca" rank="family">Punctidae</taxonomicName>
. A.
<taxonomicName id="E2904D73FA19FFFA51B9F908FD4BB939" authority="Hutton, 1883" authorityName="Hutton" authorityYear="1883" box="[408,742,1771,1795]" class="Gastropoda" family="Punctidae" genus="Phrixgnathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="ariel">
<emphasis id="17E4EAE2FA19FFFA51B9F908FDF5B939" box="[408,600,1771,1795]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Phrixgnathus ariel</emphasis>
Hutton, 1883
</taxonomicName>
, Auckland, holotype, CMNZ M1386; B.
<taxonomicName id="E2904D73FA19FFFA54A8F908FF61B91D" authority="Hutton, 1883" authorityName="Hutton, Dunedin" authorityYear="1883" class="Gastropoda" family="Punctidae" genus="Phrixgnathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="celia">
<emphasis id="17E4EAE2FA19FFFA54A8F908FAE4B939" box="[1161,1353,1771,1795]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Phrixgnathus celia</emphasis>
Hutton, 1883
</taxonomicName>
, Dunedin, lectotype, CMNZ M1375.1; C.
<taxonomicName id="E2904D73FA19FFFA52A0F8ECFC4DB91D" authority="Hutton, 1883" authorityName=", Hutton" authorityYear="1883" box="[641,992,1807,1831]" class="Gastropoda" family="Punctidae" genus="Phrixgnathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="haasti">
<emphasis id="17E4EAE2FA19FFFA52A0F8ECFCE2B91D" box="[641,847,1807,1831]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Phrixgnathus haasti</emphasis>
Hutton, 1883
</taxonomicName>
, Mt Somers, Canterbury, lectotype, CMNZ M1389.1; D.
<taxonomicName id="E2904D73FA19FFFA5103F8D0FD1BB971" authority="Hutton, 1882" authorityName="Hutton, Greymouth" authorityYear="1882" box="[290,694,1843,1867]" class="Gastropoda" family="Punctidae" genus="Phrixgnathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="marginatus">
<emphasis id="17E4EAE2FA19FFFA5103F8D0FD88B971" box="[290,549,1843,1867]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Phrixgnathus marginatus</emphasis>
Hutton, 1882
</taxonomicName>
, Greymouth, lectotype, CMNZ M1382.1; E.
<taxonomicName id="E2904D73FA19FFFA54A9F8D0FF61B955" authority="Hutton, 1883" authorityName="Hutton" authorityYear="1883" class="Gastropoda" family="Charopidae" genus="Endodonta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="marina">
<emphasis id="17E4EAE2FA19FFFA54A9F8D0FAE5B971" box="[1160,1352,1843,1867]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Endodonta marina</emphasis>
Hutton, 1883
</taxonomicName>
, Auckland, lectotype, CMNZ M1402.1; F.
<taxonomicName id="E2904D73FA19FFFA52B5F8B4FC46B955" authority="Hutton, 1883" authorityName="Hutton" authorityYear="1883" box="[660,1003,1879,1903]" class="Gastropoda" family="Charopidae" genus="Endodonta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="nerissa">
<emphasis id="17E4EAE2FA19FFFA52B5F8B4FCFBB955" box="[660,854,1879,1903]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Endodonta nerissa</emphasis>
Hutton, 1883
</taxonomicName>
, Auckland, lectotype, CMNZ M1400; G.
<taxonomicName id="E2904D73FA19FFFA50B6F898FDACB9A9" authority="Hutton, 1883" authorityName="Hutton, Wanganui" authorityYear="1883" box="[151,513,1915,1939]" class="Gastropoda" family="Punctidae" genus="Phrixgnathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="phrynia">
<emphasis id="17E4EAE2FA19FFFA50B6F898FED9B9A9" box="[151,372,1915,1939]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Phrixgnathus phrynia</emphasis>
Hutton, 1883
</taxonomicName>
, Whanganui, lectotype, CMNZ M1384; H.
<taxonomicName id="E2904D73FA19FFFA5399F898FAA4B9A9" authority="Hutton, 1882" authorityName="Hutton" authorityYear="1882" box="[952,1289,1915,1939]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Microphysa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pumila">
<emphasis id="17E4EAE2FA19FFFA5399F898FBD1B9A9" box="[952,1148,1915,1939]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Microphysa pumila</emphasis>
Hutton, 1882
</taxonomicName>
, Christchurch, lectotype, CMNZ M1393.2. Scale bars 1 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="252F36F0FA1EFFFD50E6FF75FBECBEC0" blockId="44.[151,1436,150,250]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
<emphasis id="17E4EAE2FA1EFFFD50E6FF75FE01BE8B" bold="true" box="[199,428,150,177]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Current taxonomy.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="E2904D73FA1EFFFD5193FF74FC92BE8B" authority="Hutton, 1883" authorityName="Hutton, Wanganui" authorityYear="1883" box="[434,831,151,177]" class="Gastropoda" family="Punctidae" genus="Phrixgnathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="phrynia">
<emphasis id="17E4EAE2FA1EFFFD5193FF74FD0ABE8B" box="[434,679,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Phrixgnathus phrynia</emphasis>
Hutton, 1883
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="E2904D73FA1EFFFD537DFF74FBE8BE8B" authority="Brook &amp; Kennedy &amp; King &amp; Ridden &amp; Shaw &amp; Spencer, 2020" authorityName="Brook &amp; Kennedy &amp; King &amp; Ridden &amp; Shaw &amp; Spencer" authorityYear="2020" box="[860,1093,151,177]" genus="Hutton" pageId="44" pageNumber="65" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<bibRefCitation id="41014B01FA1EFFFD537DFF74FBE8BE8B" author="Hutton, F. W." box="[860,1093,151,177]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" pagination="186 - 212" refId="ref63454" refString="Hutton, F. W. (1884 c) Revision of the land Mollusca of New Zealand. Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute, 16, 186 - 212. [May]" type="journal article" year="1884">Hutton (1884c: 197)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<bibRefCitation id="41014B01FA1EFFFD5470FF74FADABE8B" author="Spencer, H. G. &amp; Marshall, B. A. &amp; Willan, R. C." box="[1105,1399,151,177]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" refId="ref68829" refString="Spencer, H. G., Marshall, B. A. &amp; Willan, R. C. (2009) Checklist of New Zealand living Mollusca. In: Gordon, D. P. (Ed.), New Zealand Inventory of Biodiversity. Vol. 1. Kingdom Animalia. Canterbury University Press. Christchurch, pp. 196 - 219." type="book" year="2009">
Spencer
<emphasis id="17E4EAE2FA1EFFFD5493FF74FB4EBE8B" box="[1202,1251,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">et al</emphasis>
. (2009: 217)
</bibRefCitation>
.
<emphasis id="17E4EAE2FA1EFFFD50E6FF59FECCBEEE" bold="true" box="[199,353,186,212]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Distribution.</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="5D877660FA1EFFFD5147FF58FE53BEEF" box="[358,510,187,213]" name="New Zealand" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
; North Island south of Whanganui and Ormondville, Kapiti Island, DUrville Island, and Marlborough Sounds, northeastern South Island (AIM and NMNZ collections).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>