374 lines
37 KiB
XML
374 lines
37 KiB
XML
<document id="4C45695F865D5670DD9567784BBD355D" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/AfrInvertebr.60.30943" ID-GBIF-Dataset="2cf38bc1-d7bf-4240-92ca-dd0b01762f4d" ID-Pensoft-Pub="2305-2562-1-31" ID-ZooBank="0CE4B57A9A3843A8BB97321352C933F0" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2019" ModsDocID="2305-2562-1-31" ModsDocOrigin="African Invertebrates 60 (1)" ModsDocTitle="A review of Southern African Choerades Walker, 1851 with the description of a new species (Diptera, Asilidae, Laphriinae)" checkinTime="1552155242742" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Londt, Jason G. H. & Dikow, Torsten" docDate="2019" docId="479D144156358409D4A104E13A9D5943" docLanguage="en" docName="AfrInvert 60(1): 31-65" docOrigin="African Invertebrates 60 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/AfrInvertebr.60.30943" docTitle="Choerades bella Loew 1858" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="42" masterDocId="FFCFEA24FF9E22460D51327BFF8EFFA2" masterDocTitle="A review of Southern African Choerades Walker, 1851 with the description of a new species (Diptera, Asilidae, Laphriinae)" masterLastPageNumber="65" masterPageNumber="31" pageNumber="37" updateTime="1701315354852" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="A59B85A786DD646B592ECA3D0DF8A57B">A review of Southern African Choerades Walker, 1851 with the description of a new species (Diptera, Asilidae, Laphriinae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="D343FDE4E7F46DAE9B7CCD639EF88015">Londt, Jason G. H.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="69D5C69BAEFDAD118E63D7EC11D833DC">Dikow, Torsten</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="8C4FA490D9E925BA6D87DA89A9E0F275">African Invertebrates</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="E8E159BB9CFE3ECB4DFC452F1AD1C7CC">2019</mods:date>
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<mods:classification id="B857C84B8877DFB6F82B059614440685">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="FA01636469F2C556E64DCB35CC9B4CC7" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/AfrInvertebr.60.30943</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="479D144156358409D4A104E13A9D5943" ID-GBIF-Taxon="154366184" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:479D144156358409D4A104E13A9D5943" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/479D144156358409D4A104E13A9D5943" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="42" pageId="6" pageNumber="37">
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<subSubSection id="30E2B68352FED1DA78FB075982EC1BBF" pageId="6" pageNumber="37" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="CC149298F3AC31477F038034C13B5534" pageId="6" pageNumber="37">
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<taxonomicName id="1A931F891FCDF529066682A8CADCBED9" LSID="http://zoobank.org/4C7B3967-18AA-41E2-8E77-BF4F1BCD3215" authority="Loew, 1858" authorityName="Loew" authorityYear="1858" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Choerades" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Choerades bella" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bella">Choerades bella (Loew, 1858)</taxonomicName>
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Figs 4, 10, 14-19, 27
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="0D6D3D69F4F4AA0D5A20647F2BE89491" pageId="7" pageNumber="38" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="004C595D88135DE18C72A999AB613938" pageId="7" pageNumber="38">
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<taxonomicName id="34E0F5758048B1176E54976207A577ED" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Laphria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Laphria bella" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bella">
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<pageBreakToken id="C7491B4227C5A31E1C4B4B53F375A8A4" pageId="7" pageNumber="38" start="start">Laphria</pageBreakToken>
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bella
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</taxonomicName>
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Loew, 1858: 356 [1860c: 190];
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<bibRefCitation id="C3EE6870DD55A10A885E0AFAF08D5CE1" author="Oldroyd, H" journalOrPublisher="Entomology, Supplement" pageId="30" pageNumber="61" pagination="207 - 334" title="Studies of African Asilidae (Diptera). 1. Asilidae of the Congo basin. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History)." url="https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/2314360" volume="24" year="1970">Oldroyd 1970</bibRefCitation>
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: 226 (key).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="137E44548B23EAE49E5BED42820306C2" pageId="7" pageNumber="38">
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<taxonomicName id="0B11412FDE1E6DF6EAEF8D8810D20BA0" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Choerades" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Choerades bella" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bella">Choerades bella</taxonomicName>
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:
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<bibRefCitation id="2ACA806D0B9EB004D2400B7E173A0931" author="Londt, JGH" journalOrPublisher="Annals of the Natal Museum" pageId="30" pageNumber="61" pagination="43 - 55" title="Afrotropical Asilidae (Diptera) 1. The genus Choerades Walker, 1851 and the descriptions of two new genera, Nannolaphria and Notiolaphria, from southern Africa and Malagasy Republic." url="http://hdl.handle.net/10520/AJA03040798_587" volume="23" year="1977">Londt 1977</bibRefCitation>
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: 46 (fig. 2 ♂ terminalia).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="2463A0123165A4FF366FDF3BE8CC4CCD" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="40" pageId="7" pageNumber="38" type="redescription">
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<paragraph id="3396EBCB238FFA1859760DBF0F87B338" pageId="7" pageNumber="38">Redescription.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="0DF2A07E5CD9B2F379883D9F858AFD16" pageId="7" pageNumber="38">Based on all material studied. Entire male and female specimens are shown in Figs 14-19.</paragraph>
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<caption id="9A85E125C20DC1B336A2B74C900DD7BF" pageId="7" pageNumber="38">
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<paragraph id="69F05F605DE52729D328B23F027C11A6" pageId="7" pageNumber="38">
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Figure 14-19.
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<taxonomicName id="86BD8675268FC8C103467F17A9940700" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Choerades" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Choerades bella" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bella">Choerades bella</taxonomicName>
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♂ (USNMENT00870303) 14 dorsal (Morphbank #861929) 15 same, lateral (#861931) 16 same, head anterior (#861927), ♀ (USNMENT00870304) 17 head anterior (#861925) 18 same, dorsal (#861921) 19 same, lateral (#861923). Scale bar: 5 mm.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="D0B9C2624A0F112EB4B08368368AF711" pageId="7" pageNumber="38">Head: Black, silver pubescent, black and pale yellow setose. Antenna black, scape and pedicel black setose. Face black, fine silver pubescent. Mystax predominantly black (a few yellow setae may be present in dorsal region) with macrosetae confined to elevated parts of facial protuberance. Lateral parts of face with groups of glistening gold and silvery scale-like setae. Frons and vertex fine dull silver pubescent, asetose. Ocellar tubercle prominent, weakly setose except for a pair of strong black ocellar macrosetae. Occiput silver pubescent, strongly setose (black dorsally, yellow ventrally). Palps black and pale yellow setose.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="E6564D9424BB57883E94F04458E710DB" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">
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<pageBreakToken id="4CDC7E03CB057E06BB2F9DFF0D45CFCD" pageId="8" pageNumber="39" start="start">Thorax</pageBreakToken>
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: Black, silver pubescent, black, pale yellow and white setose. Cervical sclerite entirely black setose. Mesonotum apubescent except for silver pubescent postpronotal lobes, fine black and longish prostrate yellow-white setae posteriorly (distribution of yellow setae variable). Lateral macrosetae black (2 notopleurals, 4 supra-alars, 2 postalars). Scutellum black, apubescent, disc almost entirely covered with longish, prostrate, white-yellow setae, c. 10 apical scutellar macrosetae (mostly yellow, some black). Pleura silver pubescent, mostly fine black setose (few pale yellow setae). 1-3 black anepisternal macrosetae. Katatergal setae well-developed, black. Anatergites weakly gold pubescent, asetose.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="DA891F8AE93D6718116EF3DD2CDA2D4E" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">Legs: Black and orange (somewhat variable), coxae silver pubescent, other segments apubescent. Trochanters pale yellow setose, femora and tibiae black and yellow setose, tarsi black setose.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="BF524D734DB7F6CCE91667C21E6AB2A6" pageId="9" pageNumber="40">
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<pageBreakToken id="ABDB651ACEE58A5E04D0C3F4D60C1B3F" pageId="9" pageNumber="40" start="start">Wings</pageBreakToken>
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(Fig. 4): Length (humeral crossvein to tip) x breadth (maximum): ♂ 9.1
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<normalizedToken id="4BD98FFB9A9D44B65893B85809FB123E" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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3.0 - 12.3
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<normalizedToken id="A24E3AFBCADADD88DBF7D13488C13C75" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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4.3 mm (mean - 5 specimens - 10.4
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<normalizedToken id="F4493E1A17FFCE3596F85553A2448204" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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3.5 mm), ♀ 8.4
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<normalizedToken id="DF72373B4A90AE115CF625DB4959255D" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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2.8 - 12.3
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<normalizedToken id="0E495E65CFEB5B00E5371B55A66AD16E" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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4.2 mm (mean - 5 specimens - 10.3
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<normalizedToken id="714E7A6B5EFEA2323F55907C52006483" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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3.4 mm), males and females vary fairly considerably in size but on average of similar size. Veins dark red-brown to black, membrane transparent, distal two-thirds pale brown microtrichose, basal cells almost devoid of microtrichia except distally.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="F5D428053007A273700396C892064C1E" pageId="9" pageNumber="40">Abdomen: Black, mostly dark red-brown to black setose (T1 with lateral tufts of pale yellow setae), tergites apubescent, sternites fine gold pubescent.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="B693D26DD16FD5041D86314AC1B85589" pageId="9" pageNumber="40">
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Terminalia: ♂ terminalia as in Fig. 10 (previously published as fig. 2 by
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<bibRefCitation id="211C2B4339585C0AD423D9D5C39E73EA" author="Londt, JGH" journalOrPublisher="Annals of the Natal Museum" pageId="30" pageNumber="61" pagination="43 - 55" title="Afrotropical Asilidae (Diptera) 1. The genus Choerades Walker, 1851 and the descriptions of two new genera, Nannolaphria and Notiolaphria, from southern Africa and Malagasy Republic." url="http://hdl.handle.net/10520/AJA03040798_587" volume="23" year="1977">Londt (1977)</bibRefCitation>
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). Hypopygium rotated through 180°.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="8C66D29DC252D5D085F417A0676944DF" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="42" pageId="9" pageNumber="40" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="EF02539FFC420C026F8C3C406124A57F" pageId="9" pageNumber="40">Material examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C911BEDA8CF8D66E9BF990201A77EED6" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="42" pageId="9" pageNumber="40">
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SOUTH AFRICA: 1♀ 'South Africa, Tvl / Entabeni For. Res. [c.
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<geoCoordinate id="CB6B01A6885940357CCE79DA7C2237BF" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="-22.985834">22°59'09"S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="CBB61B193666B14393BAD9801977AEF9" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="30.268888">30°16'08"E</geoCoordinate>
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1370m] / 33.00S 30.16E [?] / 7-11.i.1987 / V.M.
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<normalizedToken id="5B4A6BCDC334261FBB5FAE868EB31A34" originalValue="Uys’">Uys'</normalizedToken>
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, NMSA-DIP-81739 (NMSA); 2♂ 2♀ 'S. Africa: Transvaal / Entabeni Forest Stn. / Zoutpansberg Range / Jan. 1975 Stuckenberg / indigenous
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<normalizedToken id="E9420A744508C346A08C2C1AB8310BAA" originalValue="forest’">forest'</normalizedToken>
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, 'Verakop / Forest [1♂ 1♀]', NMSA-DIP-08909 [1♂] NMSA-DIP-81742-4 (NMSA)*; 1♂ 'South Africa, TVL., / Entabeni Forest Res. / Soutpansberg, 23.00S / 30.16E. 18-19.i.1982 / C.D.
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<normalizedToken id="E91FA668D0B072885322230A48EE198B" originalValue="Eardley’">Eardley'</normalizedToken>
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, 'National Coll. / of Insects / Pretoria. S. Afr.', SANC-DIPT-02270 (SANC); 3♀ 'Malta [Forest c.
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<geoCoordinate id="08BA6C032556CEC99C34B6F762D60388" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="-23.909721">23°54'35"S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="8BE2F056F95FF27323FEA2BC6285565B" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="29.972223">29°58'20"E</geoCoordinate>
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1420m], Ptbg. [Pietersburg = Polokwane] / Jan. 1928 / G. v.
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<normalizedToken id="52C3E1013E1235E38BBC30A3E187F3A8" originalValue="Son’">Son'</normalizedToken>
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, 'Collection / Transvaal /
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<normalizedToken id="275BA9345DE922AE218358034E93EAFB" originalValue="Museum’">Museum'</normalizedToken>
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, NMSA - 08901 [1♀] NMSA-DIP-81745-6 (NMSA)*; 1♂ 'Malta, Ptbg. / 3/II.1927 / G. v.
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<normalizedToken id="8CACDC940981D6F31DFFA769A5BE26A0" originalValue="Son’">Son'</normalizedToken>
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||
, 'Coll. / Tr /
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||
<normalizedToken id="2F03703517149E9DBCCA16CC81950F7C" originalValue="Mus’">Mus'</normalizedToken>
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||
, NMSA - 08905 (NMSA)*; 2♀ 'South Africa: Tvl / Wolkberg, S. Tsaneen /
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<geoCoordinate id="6669BF29FBFE39AAA69E6EC360EBBBD1" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-24.016666">24°01'S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="A828B72F64CCE1822B4097B97B500E7D" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-30.066668">30°04'S</geoCoordinate>
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[error E] / 6-14.xii.1986 / RH
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<normalizedToken id="53D77C6CD1FA00FA0A24252CB68227F1" originalValue="Watmough’">Watmough'</normalizedToken>
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||
, 'National Coll. / of Insects / Pretoria. S. Afr.' (SANC); 1♀ 'Mariepskop [c.
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<geoCoordinate id="EC5C20B0C59617001CDF099BD27DCE24" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="-24.553333">24°33'12"S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="442F763D5D0995AB49DAED83F91BBB11" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="30.870277">30°52'13"E</geoCoordinate>
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1870m], E.Tvl. / 28.xi.1968 / H.K.
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||
<normalizedToken id="EF8A816210F71CDBCD1100280657AAE3" originalValue="Munro’">Munro'</normalizedToken>
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||
, 'National Coll. / of Insects / Pretoria, S. Afr.', 'Prey Identification / Ord:
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||
<taxonomicName id="B770E8FC512AFE692D72DC2D77CB2EC9" lsidName="" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="40" rank="order">Diptera</taxonomicName>
|
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/ Fam:
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<taxonomicName id="C9CD83240950B5176E6F6A3D555E7797" family="Bibionidae" lsidName="" pageId="9" pageNumber="40" rank="family">Bibionidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
/ Det. J.G.H.
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||
<normalizedToken id="697A53AE570499EA578CC054CCA73BFE" originalValue="Londt’">Londt'</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 'Prey Catalogue / No. 001398', NMSA-DIP-08910 (NMSA); 1♂, Mac Mac Pools [c.
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<geoCoordinate id="229D00D6ABED5CDE3B65C56BE3162A99" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="-25.014444">25°00'52"S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
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<geoCoordinate id="46AD0C8719FF90C581C73ADFC31EC9D8" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="30.83139">30°49'53"E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
1345m], 20.xi.1975, J.G.H. Londt (NMSA)*; 1♂ 'Lydenburg [c.
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<geoCoordinate id="E0F8BA77B753DC12D27045AD8339C39D" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="-25.094168">25°05'39"S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="718BB5686755E76714E38F7AC5677E90" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="30.455557">30°27'20"E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
140m] / Distr. 1896 / P.A. Krantz.', NMSA-DIP-08897 (NMSA)*; 1*? 'Transvaal / Mac Mac Pools [c.
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="1B194DB50254BB70BB6E3958995D6882" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="-25.014723">25°00'53"S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
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||
<geoCoordinate id="687FC1B63AAA22B504C3684C545383FD" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="30.831112">30°49'52"E</geoCoordinate>
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||
] / 20.XI.1975 J.G.H.
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||
<normalizedToken id="BDA302D9FA02D7CA22141FDEF33650C8" originalValue="Londt’">Londt'</normalizedToken>
|
||
NMSA-DIP-77611 (NMSA); 1♀ 'S Africa: Natal #7 / Nkandla Forest /
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="C1A5B7A55272601E03543DC437E6AD01" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-28.633333">28°38'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
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<geoCoordinate id="0CA42DEDEED3CF2987932108D50BC9F4" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="29.5">29°30'E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
900m / Date: 9.i.1982 / R. Miller & P.
|
||
<normalizedToken id="D298F8AE635805040AA1B266ED48B487" originalValue="Stabbins’">Stabbins'</normalizedToken>
|
||
, NMSA-DIP-08879 NMSA-DIP-81751 (NMSA); 1♂ 1♀ 'Barberton [c.
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="385466F695E142DA49F97E98581E5DCB" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="-25.78611">25°47'10"S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="AD16955BA4113859F1EC62842AFA3062" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="31.053055">31°03'11"E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
840m] / E-Transvaal / 14.10.1978 / H.
|
||
<normalizedToken id="EE82A4A706D0D5E0906DC3EF2F73CF2A" originalValue="Geertsema’">Geertsema'</normalizedToken>
|
||
, ' SANC DIPT02269 [♀ - no number on ♂]' (SANC); 1♂ 'South Africa KwaZulu-Natal / forest N Klipplaatdrift Farm/ 17 km N Utrecht 1700 m / 27°27.61'S, 30°24'E /leg. T. Dikow 30.XI.1999' USNMENT00870303 (USNM); 1♀ 'South Africa KZ-Natal / Ongoye (Ngoye) Forest /
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="3BF60F7DB04C823CE06016138A21EA00" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-28.833334">28°50'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="3BE81B18B24DCCAE15E526394F572C17" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="31.733334">31°44'E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 300m asl / Eastern side of forest. / 21.x.2008. G.B.P.
|
||
<normalizedToken id="78CF0BC611A2F87C2F4CBF9CD5060967" originalValue="Davies’">Davies'</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 'National Coll. / of Insects / Pretoria. S. Afr.' (SANC); 2♀ 'S Africa: Natal / Ngoye forest [c.
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="1CA4CE1420A9A7FF8E6180C7E9CC4A6D" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="-28.84278">28°50'34"S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="49EA2C8C8EF95ABAAF8B3384FB3A6B17" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="31.702501">31°42'09"E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
395m] / Low shrubs / 9-10.Jan.1980 / R.
|
||
<normalizedToken id="CF11C5C2475AE14239A849540AA37E82" originalValue="Oberprieler’">Oberprieler'</normalizedToken>
|
||
, NMSA-DIP-08887 NMSA-DIP-81752 (NMSA); 2♀ 'South Africa KwaZulu-Natal / Ongoye (Ngoye) Forest, near / Eshowe, 2831DC; main track /
|
||
<normalizedToken id="C8D88D73D7F74B8DC325ACBA35C153E9" originalValue="thru’">thru'</normalizedToken>
|
||
forest; on low saplings, / 29.ix.2006; G.B.P.
|
||
<normalizedToken id="E86942D5F846DA1F60B7225F47956829" originalValue="Davies’">Davies'</normalizedToken>
|
||
[1♀ with small alate Isopteran] NMSA-DIP-81754-5 (NMSA); 1♀ 'South Africa: Natal / Entumeni Nature Res. [c.
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="741C1121F58FC39F2956BACE7FDCE53C" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="-28.886944">28°53'13"S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="C7AF90D3378C1DE7F779A788752F0F10" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="31.37139">31°22'17"E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<pageBreakToken id="436AFFB4FA88BE98DDBD67D2C76AC3D7" pageId="10" pageNumber="41" start="start">670</pageBreakToken>
|
||
m] /
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="2FFC4C529588963604C1ED0AEBC2BEFC" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="-28.543055">28°32'35"S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="2259F3C059CE45428D39BBFC711BB508" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="31.381666">31°22'54"E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
[sic] / J. Londt 26.i.1988 / Coast Scarp
|
||
<normalizedToken id="ECD53CF4FF3F8C4F1505E2B606431178" originalValue="Forest’">Forest'</normalizedToken>
|
||
, NMSA-DIP-08883 (NMSA); 1♀ 'Upper Tongaat [c.
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="AE9081EB4B2B65339C270F26FEB4616C" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="-29.433332">29°26'00"S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="D1A5F3F4B353D6B142DD4F38DB03BD5C" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="31.016666">31°01'00"E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
440m] / Natal / Nov. 1919 / C,N. Barker / 2479', SAM-DIP-A007970 (SAMC); 1♀ 'South Africa: Natal / Ferncliffe Forest Res /
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="47EF827205D64AA86560B28019A32B06" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="-29.55">29°33'00"S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="5B87A10474B0A5C139DD3D9CA78491C6" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="30.341667">30°20'30"E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
/ 975m J.G.H. Londt / Mistbelt Mixed Forest / Date: 23.xi.1987', NMSA-DIP-08890 (NMSA); 1♂ 'S Africa: Natal #5G / Ferncliffe N. R. /
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="6C104959FF66728FD7F98A1610382B89" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-29.55">29°33'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="2CC456A8C9B9776E74EFB7FC6951B86C" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="30.333334">30°20'E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
m [c. 975m] / Date: 12/12/1993 / Coll: K.R.
|
||
<normalizedToken id="3103A11388ECFBF35CC1CC42DA3E3EAE" originalValue="Cradock’">Cradock'</normalizedToken>
|
||
, NMSA-DIP-08894 (NMSA); 1♀ 'South Africa: Natal / Pietermaritzburg / 2930Cb 28.xi.1978 / J.G.H. Londt / Town Bush [c.
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="D5EAF6A4C6F3C51929882F6A10CE0D84" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="-29.55">29°33'00"S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="C68A74DE06BAD2EE5EE117072BA833E7" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="30.341667">30°20'30"E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
975m]', NMSA-DIP-08911 (NMSA); 1♂ 1♀ 'Town Bush / Pietermaritzburg / South Africa / B. & P. Stuckenberg / xi.1959', NMSA - 08896 [♂] NMSA-DIP-81761 (NMSA)*; 1♀ 'Captured / with
|
||
<normalizedToken id="ED961789390EE856DE13894838D3EF48" originalValue="prey’">prey'</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 'South Africa: Natal / Pietermaritzburg / 2930Cb 14.xii.1978 / J.G.H. Londt / Town
|
||
<normalizedToken id="BB226747A08AA27F47B31B066672E84B" originalValue="Bush’">Bush'</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 'Prey Identification / Order:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F258B336DF7B3195A6E1F551C5E6B372" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="41" rank="order">Hymenoptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
/ Family:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5520740D7F455485390155C94C297BDA" family="Formicidae" lsidName="" pageId="10" pageNumber="41" rank="family">Formicidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
/ Det. J.
|
||
<normalizedToken id="F87BF5583BB0B3BC7DF45B21EEC503DE" originalValue="Londt’">Londt'</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 'Prey Catalogue / No. 0147', NMSA-DIP-08886 (NMSA); 1♀ 'South Africa: Natal / Pietermaritzburg / Townbush Valley / RM Miller+malaise / November 1976', NMSA-DIP-08913 (NMSA)*; 1♀ 'South Africa: Natal / Pietermaritzburg / 2930Cb 12.xi.1988 / J.G.H. Londt / Town
|
||
<normalizedToken id="EE91D13EA55A3E0CD556EF4EA8E7BEAF" originalValue="Bush’">Bush'</normalizedToken>
|
||
NMSA-DIP-77610 (NMSA); 1♀ 'South Africa KwaZulu-Natal / Pietermaritzburg / Ferncliff Nature Reserve [c.
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="5389E59A308A7DF23F0BA47311688CDE" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="-29.553888">29°33'14"S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="C10A751DFAAFFF79C676ABB311D3B050" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="30.330833">030°19'51"E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
] / leg. J. Londt 30.x.1999' USNMENT00870304 (USNM); 1♀ 'South Africa: KwaZulu-Natal / Queen Elizabeth Park Res. / 29°34.157'S, 030°19.299'E / 856m 1-5.xii.2003 / JGH Londt & M Mostovski / Forest patch Malaise
|
||
<normalizedToken id="D3D91E59FE1C6206BFF5F6155AD50461" originalValue="trap’">trap'</normalizedToken>
|
||
NMSA-DIP-81764 (NMSA); 1♂ (in ethanol) 'South Africa: KwaZulu-Natal: / Natal National Botanical Gardens, / Pietermaritzburg,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="E55C70D47427B980D1F5462E01EF4C43" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="-29.602777">29°36'10"S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="8EB58AC79936D663576260A56EC454F6" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="30.345835">030°20'45"E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 741 m / 11.i.2004 J. Londt, T.
|
||
<normalizedToken id="023755660B48133C1DAC095A8CE75DC6" originalValue="Dikow’">Dikow'</normalizedToken>
|
||
USNMENT00914044 (USNM); 1♀ 'S Africa: KZ-Natal #143 / Umhlanga Bush Nat. Res. /
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="24064DD842969CA3E87B683EDF043BB3" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-29.716667">29°43'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="C2C1E6DA3142315E52A425F3058BF032" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="31.083334">31°05'E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
0m / Date: 4.xii.1995 / Coll: D.A.
|
||
<normalizedToken id="74D9906840C85D683A3B4FB5EF92D9BC" originalValue="Barraclough’">Barraclough'</normalizedToken>
|
||
, NMSA-DIP-08893 (NMSA); 1♀ 'S Africa KwaZulu-Natal / Marutswa Forest Reserve /
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="6E98E65DBE5450874AE873931364EF60" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="-29.808054">29°48'29"S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="F182679A02A8F5349A0EF6C7A219676C" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="29.784445">29°47'04"E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
/ J & A Londt 23.i.2015 / 1455m
|
||
<taxonomicName id="964FAB6D57BAA5A4C3F026A1F8C744D2" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapotaceae" genus="Podocarpus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Podocarpus" order="Ericales" pageId="10" pageNumber="41" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Podocarpus</taxonomicName>
|
||
<normalizedToken id="2C24345FC19C64577301F2F42476C206" originalValue="forest’">forest'</normalizedToken>
|
||
, NMSA-DIP-81781 (NMSA); 1♀ 'Bluff [c.
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="0B1908D86F18F6A7AE7AE8100D10B304" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="-29.921944">29°55'19"S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="6C44FA3822412F03B0E5CAAF270460C7" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="31.005">31°00'18"E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
30m] / Durban / 8-10-16 / C.N.
|
||
<normalizedToken id="9C54251E609B4A09CBC2E925BA0500AF" originalValue="Barker’">Barker'</normalizedToken>
|
||
, SAM-DIP-A007965 (SAMC); 1♀ 'Durban / Natal / 20-12-19 / C.N. Barker / Bluff / 2499', SAM-DIP-A007971 (SAMC); 1♀ 'S Africa: Natal #88 / Weza State Forest /
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="3C41A7FE88EB00BA78F03A88788E3BED" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-30.533333">30°32'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="23F4C55115F44FACFE7C34FA74C40B20" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="29.7">29°42'E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
1220m / Date: 21-22.xi.1991 / Coll: D.A. Barraclough / Indig. Forest
|
||
<normalizedToken id="4979355C0803831D528B278CB4E4B75A" originalValue="margin’">margin'</normalizedToken>
|
||
, NMSA-DIP-08885 (NMSA); 1♂ 'South Africa / KwaZulu-Natal / Mvutshini Valley, Ramsgate /
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="1C97BC661EDF42FC24E781A550E8FA89" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="-30.891666">30°53'30"S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="7EB8C92229EC6497FD0E20276C31E617" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="30.345278">30°20'43"E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
/ WGS84 Datum 31
|
||
<normalizedToken id="3D554E129388631EFC243A9AA409E9C9" originalValue="m’">m'</normalizedToken>
|
||
, '25-Nov-2003 / Armstrong AJ / EKZN Record ID: 170409 / forest / under bark of dead
|
||
<normalizedToken id="7E8FD6094313A302D77C98F2564F85A1" originalValue="tree’">tree'</normalizedToken>
|
||
, NMSA-DIP-08908 (NMSA); 1♀ 'South Africa: Natal / Umtamvuna Nat. Res. / 3030cc 14.i.1981 / J.G.H. Londt
|
||
<normalizedToken id="71AC6A817D0172EC6A0CA31E15D25F3D" originalValue="forest’">forest'</normalizedToken>
|
||
NMSA-DIP-77612 (NMSA); 1♀ 'S Africa: KZ-Natal #140 / Umtamvuna Nat. Reserve /
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="0E8943363ACBF375DB30DFD174A1F8F0" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-31.0">31°00'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="028ADCA7EADB7D82DD998649B5F7571D" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="30.15">30°09'E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
200m / Date: 23.xi.1995 / Coll: D.A. Barraclough / Shaded indigenous
|
||
<normalizedToken id="6616543A9621A7F2CEDA37BC32304925" originalValue="forest’">forest'</normalizedToken>
|
||
, NMSA-DIP-08903 (NMSA); 3♂ 'S Africa. Transkei / Mbotji Forest [c.
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="4184D9CF5A051649C12B2A243FB0C66B" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="-31.461668">31°27'42"S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="54D587CE4529BF4620B7A674CF188B78" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="29.725279">29°43'31"E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
60m] / 15-16 Dec. 1979 / L.
|
||
<normalizedToken id="9CDAD52618DE2DC0217F52BE03E468BD" originalValue="Schoeman’">Schoeman'</normalizedToken>
|
||
, NMSA-DIP-81769-81770, NMSA-DIP-77613 (NMSA); 1♀ 'Prt. St. John [Port St. Johns c.
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="CC147675CF1AD6FB7C244C4AAA7CF000" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="-31.62889">31°37'44"S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="0F093A9CC936A3A5A4793729DA602751" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="29.536943">29°32'13"E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
100m] / x.1916 / H.H.
|
||
<normalizedToken id="FE26E892B2F21B3BE46B795DA793BF4F" originalValue="Swinny’">Swinny'</normalizedToken>
|
||
, NMSA-DIP-08892 NMSA-DIP-81771 (NMSA)*; 1♀ 'Port St Johns / 3129DA / 16.i.1970', 'Collectors / B. & P.
|
||
<normalizedToken id="48BFB26BD6AD0F14D185C50600810E89" originalValue="Stuckenberg’">Stuckenberg'</normalizedToken>
|
||
, NMSA-DIP-08912 (NMSA)*; 1♀ 'Port St. Johns Dist. / Coastal Forest / E. Cape Prov / 16-17 Oct. 1959 / B. & P.
|
||
<normalizedToken id="701D605103BD0025B31E0F35E14023C7" originalValue="Stuckenberg’">Stuckenberg'</normalizedToken>
|
||
, NMSA-DIP-08891 (NMSA)*; 1♀ 'Port St Johns / Dec. 1961 / F and
|
||
<pageBreakToken id="EF563CDEDA0BC619C286E01B092B71D2" pageId="11" pageNumber="42" start="start">S</pageBreakToken>
|
||
<normalizedToken id="EA5B3729E11EF7EB2EC5BE3993F3ADAB" originalValue="Gess’">Gess'</normalizedToken>
|
||
, SAM-DIP-A007969 (SAMC); 1♀ 'Transkei #83 / Dweza Nature Reserve /
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="DAF6BDF7888B4EBC69A9E9716DD585FD" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-32.266666">32°16'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="E83961579492E612A74115BBB6DF41BC" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="28.85">28°51'E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
50m / Date: 17-20.xi.1991 / Coll: D.A. Barraclough / Indig. Forest &
|
||
<normalizedToken id="AED1BBE34F103B481AF21A80CAABBD10" originalValue="margin’">margin'</normalizedToken>
|
||
, NMSA-DIP-08877 (NMSA); 3♀ 'South Africa: Cape Prov / Hogsback [c.
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="7539765FBC8337B40CE5BA2DABED2E81" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="-32.595276">32°35'43"S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="B3B4D5B260359D7B3F9CF2BDDB682DC5" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="26.932222">26°55'56"E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
1235m] 3226DB / 13-16.xii.1985 / J. & B. Londt Forest / & forest
|
||
<normalizedToken id="46C7ACDAB23758704633231CAB2521C0" originalValue="margins’">margins'</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 'Prey Catalogue / No. 0496 [small coleopteran]', NMSA-DIP-08878 [1♀] NMSA-DIP-81775 & 7 (NMSA); 1♀ 'East London [c.
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="55539694F9960D4B30FB27699E544505" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="-33.029167">33°01'45"S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="B49F2CF733B90313C91A7B6A77069076" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="27.854723">27°51'17"E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
85m] / 11.11.24 / H.K.
|
||
<normalizedToken id="00469FAA3518D52DDA2AD472750F2A0C" originalValue="Munro’">Munro'</normalizedToken>
|
||
, NMSA-DIP-08902 (NMSA)*; 1♂
|
||
<normalizedToken id="3457FDB5259CFE92C6840B97CF9D9984" originalValue="‘863’">'863'</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 'Ex coll / Transv. Mus.', 'bicranotaphria [?] / bella Lw. ♂', NMSA-DIP-81779 (NMSA).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="A5D174E07CA761A67BCB42AC2DB7319C" pageId="11" pageNumber="42" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="D8FF2C42E5FABA7F30C067D542DD691E" pageId="11" pageNumber="42">Additional material not studied.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="25CDE5F15E33B79A6978C88C60C14E5D" pageId="11" pageNumber="42">
|
||
The senior author has seen photographs of the following additional specimens. SOUTH AFRICA: 1♂ 'Pienaars Riv [c.
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="573F730B1C7519734061A24DC8EF86E8" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="-25.12389">25°07'26"S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="C69063303D98661FC62A8011567843E4" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="27.643612">27°38'37"E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
1040m] / [illegible]', 'S. Africa / Distant Coll. / 1911-383',
|
||
<normalizedToken id="24518A68D702548136CD15E28D72DFA7" originalValue="‘NHMUK012810865’">'NHMUK012810865'</normalizedToken>
|
||
(BMNH); 1♀ 'Karkloof [c.
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="FB92876DAAAFEEF35136392831F6CCF7" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="-29.399445">29°23'58"S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="DB2663505062CCBAB6F4977C0EAC8738" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="30.278055">30°16'41"E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
1035m] / Natal / Feb. 1897 / G.A.K. Marshall / 1903-17', 'Karkloof / Natal 2.97',
|
||
<normalizedToken id="BDA4A05B94E62C5DDE5589116A75DE11" originalValue="‘NHMUK012810866’">'NHMUK012810866'</normalizedToken>
|
||
(BMNH); 1♀ 'S. Africa / R.E. Turner / Brit. Mus. / 1924-6', 'Port St. John [Port St. Johns c.
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="7F9D5D431265D0AF66A0E95B1EEA51F9" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="-31.62889">31°37'44"S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="4CA4EC5E84F9C1A66533BF5EEC36FBB7" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="29.536943">29°32'13"E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
100m] / Pondoland / Nov. 1923',
|
||
<normalizedToken id="640AA47F4C79867C8FE773FF5E4F6119" originalValue="‘NHMUK012810862’">'NHMUK012810862'</normalizedToken>
|
||
(BMNH); 1♀ 1♂ 'Port St. John / Pondoland / Dec. 1923', 'S. Africa / R.E. Turner / Brit. Mus. / 1924-54', 'NHMUK012810863, 012810867' (BMNH); 1♀ 'Port St. John / Pondoland / Oct. 1923', 'S. Africa / R.E. Turner / Brit. Mus. / 1923-547',
|
||
<normalizedToken id="29EE5B3D501841FE4DAE09BF0212C364" originalValue="‘NHMUK012810864’">'NHMUK012810864'</normalizedToken>
|
||
(BMNH).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="F89494A325C29816AA878C6716E35988" pageId="11" pageNumber="42" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="ED762C2FC17716786F153B718A1A773C" pageId="11" pageNumber="42">Distribution, phenology and biology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="AD17484DB9582A84F6463DCDCB1D8EE4" pageId="11" pageNumber="42">
|
||
A relatively well-collected South African endemic with an extensive distribution extending from the northern parts of Limpopo Province, through much of KwaZulu-Natal and terminating in the Eastern Cape Province (Fig. 27). Data indicate that adults have a relatively long period of activity ranging from September through to February, with a peak in December (Table 1). The species inhabits indigenous forests with adults frequently found sunning themselves on vegetation.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="113A74F194FB713FB855CA989275A2F6" lsidName="C. bella" pageId="11" pageNumber="42" rank="species" species="bella">C. bella</taxonomicName>
|
||
is primarily distributed within the Maputaland-Pondoland-Albany biodiversity hotspot, but also occurs outside of it. The three available prey records (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5ADD4201CAC62C7E78A0E6B876BE306A" lsidName="" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="42" rank="order">Diptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="113E66F9F0654AF02E144CFEFF0274E5" family="Bibionidae" lsidName="" pageId="11" pageNumber="42" rank="family">Bibionidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7734768ECAB0DE87DE7AA0B574B80E8F" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="42" rank="order">Coleoptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
: small unidentified beetle,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="833E441270727DFED992C8B7159DE81C" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="42" rank="order">Hymenoptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
: alate
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3C3466FA4AF0C6B4004555B4A120713E" family="Formicidae" lsidName="" pageId="11" pageNumber="42" rank="family">Formicidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) suggest a wide range of flying insects.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |