709 lines
83 KiB
XML
709 lines
83 KiB
XML
<document id="8110AA0D8F16CE65E1ECAA8C85C5AEAE" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3609.6.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="0764bd23-6190-4145-97b6-aae7db169c8a" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="219312" ID-ZooBank="046410E8-079F-4FBF-B0EF-361DFCE92E2C" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460573078236" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Anderson, Owen F." docDate="2013" docId="275FE5736D71FFFA8C99FEADFB183C16" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03609p567.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3609 (6)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Araeosoma Mortensen 1903" docType="treatment" docVersion="13" lastPageNumber="529" masterDocId="DB669D0B6D73FFF28C0EFFC0FFC53D72" masterDocTitle="A review of New Zealand and southeast Australian echinothuriinids (Echinodermata: Echinothuriidae) with descriptions of seven new species" masterLastPageNumber="567" masterPageNumber="521" pageNumber="523" updateTime="1698322607592" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:titleInfo id="2CF8364B87F1F1AD698150219F273BCD">
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<mods:title id="A7D620ADFB17C9A076C317D365E3F695">A review of New Zealand and southeast Australian echinothuriinids (Echinodermata: Echinothuriidae) with descriptions of seven new species</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="18EF7EFC168985307AB794275F81380A" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="EEB6521BC740E550BBC83CAE0885DACD">Anderson, Owen F.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="678823D413970265EC2B560A9C0900D7">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="E4837B829771B6CB18D06E9FDFB18DBF">
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<mods:date id="DD0141F0ED211C65AF0490DA0FED386B">2013</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="DCA08A61BC2076BA4CCB5500FFCE9F4C">3609</mods:number>
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<treatment id="275FE5736D71FFFA8C99FEADFB183C16" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5622874" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119559555" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5622874" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:275FE5736D71FFFA8C99FEADFB183C16" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/275FE5736D71FFFA8C99FEADFB183C16" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="529" pageId="2" pageNumber="523">
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<subSubSection id="E7EC07EE6D71FFF08C99FEADFC263CBB" pageId="2" pageNumber="523" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="AF4954656D71FFF08C99FEADFE323CF5" blockId="2.[151,503,365,391]" box="[151,503,365,391]" pageId="2" pageNumber="523">
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<heading id="F401E3096D71FFF08C99FEADFE323CF5" bold="true" box="[151,503,365,391]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="523" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="68F62FE66D71FFF08C99FEADFE323CF5" ID-CoL="7NPJ3" authority="Mortensen, 1903" authorityName="Mortensen" authorityYear="1903" box="[151,503,365,391]" class="Echinoidea" family="Echinothuriidae" genus="Araeosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echinothurioida" pageId="2" pageNumber="523" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="9D8288776D71FFF08C99FEADFE323CF5" bold="true" box="[151,503,365,391]" pageId="2" pageNumber="523">
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<emphasis id="9D8288776D71FFF08C99FEADFEE53CF5" bold="true" box="[151,288,365,391]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="523">Araeosoma</emphasis>
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Mortensen, 1903
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="AF4954656D71FFF08C99FE75FC263CBB" blockId="2.[151,995,435,458]" box="[151,995,435,458]" pageId="2" pageNumber="523">
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<typeStatus id="704DEAC76D71FFF08C99FE75FF0D3CB8" box="[151,200,437,458]" pageId="2" pageNumber="523">Type</typeStatus>
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species:
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<taxonomicName id="68F62FE66D71FFF08D28FE74FD2D3CBB" authority="Wyville Thomson, 1872" authorityName="Wyville Thomson" authorityYear="1872" box="[294,744,435,458]" class="Echinoidea" family="Echinothuriidae" genus="Calveria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echinothurioida" pageId="2" pageNumber="523" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="fenestrata">
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<emphasis id="9D8288776D71FFF08D28FE74FE2F3CB8" box="[294,490,436,458]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="523">Calveria fenestrata</emphasis>
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Wyville Thomson, 1872
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</taxonomicName>
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, by original designation.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="E7EC07EE6D71FFF08C99FE37FF1A3FEB" pageId="2" pageNumber="523" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="AF4954656D71FFF08C99FE37FF1A3FEB" blockId="2.[151,1436,502,700]" pageId="2" pageNumber="523">
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<emphasis id="9D8288776D71FFF08C99FE37FECC3F7C" box="[151,265,503,526]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="523">Diagnosis</emphasis>
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—Test large, depressed. Conspicuous membranous interstices between plates, especially those of aboral surface. Primary ambulacral plates in contact for most of their circumference, fully occluding the much smaller accessory-plates. Pore-pairs on oral surface arranged in three series on either side of the interporiferous zone. Blades of the dactylous pedicellariae with an ornately curved and fenestrated distal expansion (emended from Fell 1966).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="E7EC07EE6D71FFF08CC9FD64FCBF3FCE" box="[199,890,676,700]" pageId="2" pageNumber="523" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="AF4954656D71FFF08CC9FD64FCBF3FCE" blockId="2.[151,1436,502,700]" box="[199,890,676,700]" pageId="2" pageNumber="523">
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<emphasis id="9D8288776D71FFF08CC9FD64FEEC3FCE" box="[199,297,676,700]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="523">Remarks</emphasis>
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—There are 13 assigned species, all recent (
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<tableCitation id="E27461DE6D71FFF08F1BFD64FCAC3FCE" box="[789,873,676,700]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,239,747,771]" captionTargetBox="[151,1322,804,1548]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="TABLE 1: Species assigned to the genus Araeosoma." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/FB8904ED6D71FFF08C99FD2BFD103E71" pageId="2" pageNumber="523" tableUuid="FB8904ED6D71FFF08C99FD2BFD103E71">Table 1</tableCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<caption id="FB8904ED6D71FFF08C99FD2BFD103E71" ID-Table-UUID="FB8904ED6D71FFF08C99FD2BFD103E71" box="[151,725,747,771]" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/FB8904ED6D71FFF08C99FD2BFD103E71" pageId="2" pageNumber="523" targetBox="[151,1322,804,1548]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="2">
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<paragraph id="AF4954656D71FFF08C99FD2BFD103E71" blockId="2.[151,725,747,771]" box="[151,725,747,771]" pageId="2" pageNumber="523">
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<emphasis id="9D8288776D71FFF08C99FD2BFEC93E71" bold="true" box="[151,268,747,771]" pageId="2" pageNumber="523">TABLE 1:</emphasis>
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Species assigned to the genus
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<taxonomicName id="68F62FE66D71FFF08E5BFD2CFD173E71" box="[597,722,748,771]" class="Echinoidea" family="Echinothuriidae" genus="Araeosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echinothurioida" pageId="2" pageNumber="523" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">Araeosoma</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="AF4954656D71FFF08CABFCE4FE713B7E" pageId="2" pageNumber="523">
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<table id="DDF6A6C56D71000D8C99FCE4FAEF3B7E" box="[151,1322,804,1548]" gridcols="3" gridrows="15" pageId="2" pageNumber="523">
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<tr id="11C656276D71000D8C99FCE4FAEF3E48" box="[151,1322,804,826]" gridrow="0" pageId="2" pageNumber="523">
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<th id="52173F5B6D71000D8C99FCE4FDBC3E48" box="[151,633,804,826]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="2" pageNumber="523">Species</th>
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<th id="52173F5B6D71000D8F4FFCE4FC4D3E48" box="[833,904,804,826]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="2" pageNumber="523">Era</th>
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<th id="52173F5B6D71000D8FF6FCE4FAEF3E48" box="[1016,1322,804,826]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="2" pageNumber="523">Known distribution</th>
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</tr>
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<tr id="11C656276D71000D8C99FC90FAEF3E15" box="[151,1322,848,871]" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="523">
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||
<th id="52173F5B6D71000D8C99FC90FDBC3E15" box="[151,633,848,871]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="523">
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<taxonomicName id="68F62FE66D71FFF08CABFC91FD893E15" authority="Thomson, 1872" authorityName="Thomson" authorityYear="1872" box="[165,588,848,871]" class="Echinoidea" family="Echinothuriidae" genus="Araeosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echinothurioida" pageId="2" pageNumber="523" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="fenestratum">
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<emphasis id="9D8288776D71FFF08CABFC91FE523E14" box="[165,407,848,870]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="523">Araeosoma fenestratum</emphasis>
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(Thomson, 1872)
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</taxonomicName>
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</th>
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<td id="52173F5B6D71000D8F4FFC90FC4D3E15" box="[833,904,848,871]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="523">Recent</td>
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<td id="52173F5B6D71000D8FF6FC90FAEF3E15" box="[1016,1322,848,871]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="523">NE Atlantic</td>
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</tr>
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<tr id="11C656276D71000D8C99FCBCFAEF3EE0" box="[151,1322,892,914]" gridrow="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="523">
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||
<th id="52173F5B6D71000D8C99FCBCFDBC3EE0" box="[151,633,892,914]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="523">
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||
<taxonomicName id="68F62FE66D71FFF08CABFCBDFDFC3EE3" authority="Mortensen, 1903" authorityName="Mortensen" authorityYear="1903" box="[165,569,892,914]" class="Echinoidea" family="Echinothuriidae" genus="Araeosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echinothurioida" pageId="2" pageNumber="523" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="violaceum">
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<emphasis id="9D8288776D71FFF08CABFCBDFE423EE0" box="[165,391,892,914]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="523">Araeosoma violaceum</emphasis>
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Mortensen, 1903
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</taxonomicName>
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</th>
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<td id="52173F5B6D71000D8F4FFCBCFC4D3EE0" box="[833,904,892,914]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="523">Recent</td>
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<td id="52173F5B6D71000D8FF6FCBCFAEF3EE0" box="[1016,1322,892,914]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="523">NE Atlantic</td>
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||
</tr>
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<tr id="11C656276D71000D8C99FC68FAEF3ECC" box="[151,1322,936,958]" gridrow="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="523">
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<th id="52173F5B6D71000D8C99FC68FDBC3ECC" box="[151,633,936,958]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="523">
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<taxonomicName id="68F62FE66D71FFF08CABFC69FE383ECC" authority="Mortensen, 1903" authorityName="Mortensen" authorityYear="1903" box="[165,509,936,958]" class="Echinoidea" family="Echinothuriidae" genus="Araeosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echinothurioida" pageId="2" pageNumber="523" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="belli">
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<emphasis id="9D8288776D71FFF08CABFC69FE893ECC" box="[165,332,936,958]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="523">Araeosoma belli</emphasis>
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Mortensen, 1903
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</taxonomicName>
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</th>
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<td id="52173F5B6D71000D8F4FFC68FC4D3ECC" box="[833,904,936,958]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="523">Recent</td>
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<td id="52173F5B6D71000D8FF6FC68FAEF3ECC" box="[1016,1322,936,958]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="523">West Indies</td>
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</tr>
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<tr id="11C656276D71000D8C99FC14FAEF3E98" box="[151,1322,980,1002]" gridrow="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="523">
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<th id="52173F5B6D71000D8C99FC14FDBC3E98" box="[151,633,980,1002]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="523">
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||
<taxonomicName id="68F62FE66D71FFF08CABFC15FDB73E98" authority="Mortensen, 1934" authorityName="Mortensen" authorityYear="1934" box="[165,626,980,1002]" class="Echinoidea" family="Echinothuriidae" genus="Araeosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echinothurioida" pageId="2" pageNumber="523" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="parviungulatum">
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<emphasis id="9D8288776D71FFF08CABFC15FE043E98" box="[165,449,980,1002]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="523">Araeosoma parviungulatum</emphasis>
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Mortensen, 1934
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</taxonomicName>
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</th>
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<td id="52173F5B6D71000D8F4FFC14FC4D3E98" box="[833,904,980,1002]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="523">Recent</td>
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<td id="52173F5B6D71000D8FF6FC14FAEF3E98" box="[1016,1322,980,1002]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="523">Celebes</td>
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||
</tr>
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||
<tr id="11C656276D71000D8C99FBC0FAEF3964" box="[151,1322,1024,1046]" gridrow="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="523">
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||
<th id="52173F5B6D71000D8C99FBC0FDBC3964" box="[151,633,1024,1046]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="523">
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||
<taxonomicName id="68F62FE66D71FFF08CABFBC1FDBC3964" authority="Agassiz & Clark, 1909" authorityName="Agassiz & Clark" authorityYear="1909" box="[165,633,1024,1046]" class="Echinoidea" family="Echinothuriidae" genus="Araeosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echinothurioida" pageId="2" pageNumber="523" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="eurypatum">
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<emphasis id="9D8288776D71FFF08CABFBC1FE4E3964" box="[165,395,1025,1046]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="523">Araeosoma eurypatum</emphasis>
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Agassiz & Clark, 1909
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</taxonomicName>
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||
</th>
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||
<td id="52173F5B6D71000D8F4FFBC0FC4D3964" box="[833,904,1024,1046]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="523">Recent</td>
|
||
<td id="52173F5B6D71000D8FF6FBC0FAEF3964" box="[1016,1322,1024,1046]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="523">Hawaii</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="11C656276D71000D8C99FBECFAEF3930" box="[151,1322,1068,1090]" gridrow="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="523">
|
||
<th id="52173F5B6D71000D8C99FBECFDBC3930" box="[151,633,1068,1090]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="523">
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||
<taxonomicName id="68F62FE66D71FFF08CABFBEDFDB53930" authority="Agassiz & Clark, 1909" authorityName="Agassiz & Clark" authorityYear="1909" box="[165,624,1068,1090]" class="Echinoidea" family="Echinothuriidae" genus="Araeosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echinothurioida" pageId="2" pageNumber="523" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="leptaleum">
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||
<emphasis id="9D8288776D71FFF08CABFBEDFE463930" box="[165,387,1068,1090]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="523">Araeosoma leptaleum</emphasis>
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||
Agassiz & Clark, 1909
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
</th>
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||
<td id="52173F5B6D71000D8F4FFBECFC4D3930" box="[833,904,1068,1090]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="523">Recent</td>
|
||
<td id="52173F5B6D71000D8FF6FBECFAEF3930" box="[1016,1322,1068,1090]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="523">East Pacific</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="11C656276D71000D8C99FB98FAEF391C" box="[151,1322,1112,1134]" gridrow="7" pageId="2" pageNumber="523">
|
||
<th id="52173F5B6D71000D8C99FB98FDBC391C" box="[151,633,1112,1134]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="2" pageNumber="523">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="68F62FE66D71FFF08CABFB99FDF1391C" authority="Mortensen, 1934" authorityName="Mortensen" authorityYear="1934" box="[165,564,1112,1134]" class="Echinoidea" family="Echinothuriidae" genus="Araeosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echinothurioida" pageId="2" pageNumber="523" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="splendens">
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<emphasis id="9D8288776D71FFF08CABFB99FE46391C" box="[165,387,1112,1134]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="523">Araeosoma splendens</emphasis>
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||
Mortensen, 1934
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
</th>
|
||
<td id="52173F5B6D71000D8F4FFB98FC4D391C" box="[833,904,1112,1134]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="2" pageNumber="523">Recent</td>
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<td id="52173F5B6D71000D8FF6FB98FAEF391C" box="[1016,1322,1112,1134]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="2" pageNumber="523">Kei Islands</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="11C656276D71000D8C99FB44FAEF39E8" box="[151,1322,1156,1178]" gridrow="8" pageId="2" pageNumber="523">
|
||
<th id="52173F5B6D71000D8C99FB44FDBC39E8" box="[151,633,1156,1178]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="2" pageNumber="523">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="68F62FE66D71FFF08CABFB45FDE539E8" authority="Mortensen, 1904" authorityName="Mortensen" authorityYear="1904" box="[165,544,1157,1178]" class="Echinoidea" family="Echinothuriidae" genus="Araeosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echinothurioida" pageId="2" pageNumber="523" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="owstoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="9D8288776D71FFF08CABFB45FEAB39E8" box="[165,366,1157,1178]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="523">Araeosoma owstoni</emphasis>
|
||
Mortensen, 1904
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="52173F5B6D71000D8F4FFB44FC4D39E8" box="[833,904,1156,1178]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="2" pageNumber="523">Recent</td>
|
||
<td id="52173F5B6D71000D8FF6FB44FAEF39E8" box="[1016,1322,1156,1178]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="2" pageNumber="523">West Pacific</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="11C656276D71000D8C99FB70FAEF39B5" box="[151,1322,1200,1223]" gridrow="9" pageId="2" pageNumber="523">
|
||
<th id="52173F5B6D71000D8C99FB70FDBC39B5" box="[151,633,1200,1223]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="2" pageNumber="523">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="68F62FE66D71FFF08CABFB71FDFF39B5" authority="Agasssiz, 1879" authorityName="Agasssiz" authorityYear="1879" box="[165,570,1200,1223]" class="Echinoidea" family="Echinothuriidae" genus="Araeosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echinothurioida" pageId="2" pageNumber="523" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="coriaceum">
|
||
<emphasis id="9D8288776D71FFF08CABFB71FE4F39B4" box="[165,394,1201,1222]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="523">Araeosoma coriaceum</emphasis>
|
||
(Agasssiz, 1879)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="52173F5B6D71000D8F4FFB70FC4D39B5" box="[833,904,1200,1223]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="2" pageNumber="523">Recent</td>
|
||
<td id="52173F5B6D71000D8FF6FB70FAEF39B5" box="[1016,1322,1200,1223]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="2" pageNumber="523">Indo-Pacific</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="11C656276D71000D8C99FB1CFAEF3981" box="[151,1322,1244,1267]" gridrow="10" pageId="2" pageNumber="523">
|
||
<th id="52173F5B6D71000D8C99FB1CFDBC3981" box="[151,633,1244,1267]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="2" pageNumber="523">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="68F62FE66D71FFF08CABFB1DFD843981" authority="Agasssiz, 1879" authorityName="Agasssiz" authorityYear="1879" box="[165,577,1244,1267]" class="Echinoidea" family="Echinothuriidae" genus="Araeosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echinothurioida" pageId="2" pageNumber="523" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="tessellatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="9D8288776D71FFF08CABFB1DFE543980" box="[165,401,1244,1266]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="523">Araeosoma tessellatum</emphasis>
|
||
(Agasssiz, 1879)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="52173F5B6D71000D8F4FFB1CFC4D3981" box="[833,904,1244,1267]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="2" pageNumber="523">Recent</td>
|
||
<td id="52173F5B6D71000D8FF6FB1CFAEF3981" box="[1016,1322,1244,1267]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="2" pageNumber="523">Malay archipelago, China Sea</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="11C656276D71000D8C99FAC8FAEF386C" box="[151,1322,1288,1310]" gridrow="11" pageId="2" pageNumber="523">
|
||
<th id="52173F5B6D71000D8C99FAC8FDBC386C" box="[151,633,1288,1310]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="2" pageNumber="523">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="68F62FE66D71FFF08CABFAC9FD96386C" authority="H.L. Clark, 1924" authorityName="H.L. Clark" authorityYear="1924" box="[165,595,1288,1310]" class="Echinoidea" family="Echinothuriidae" genus="Araeosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echinothurioida" pageId="2" pageNumber="523" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="paucispinum">
|
||
<emphasis id="9D8288776D71FFF08CABFAC9FE65386C" box="[165,416,1289,1310]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="523">Araeosoma paucispinum</emphasis>
|
||
H.L. Clark, 1924
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="52173F5B6D71000D8F4FFAC8FC4D386C" box="[833,904,1288,1310]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="2" pageNumber="523">Recent</td>
|
||
<td id="52173F5B6D71000D8FF6FAC8FAEF386C" box="[1016,1322,1288,1310]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="2" pageNumber="523">South Africa</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="11C656276D71000D8C99FAF4FAEF3839" box="[151,1322,1332,1355]" gridrow="12" pageId="2" pageNumber="523">
|
||
<th id="52173F5B6D71000D8C99FAF4FDBC3839" box="[151,633,1332,1355]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="2" pageNumber="523">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="68F62FE66D71FFF08CABFAF5FDE83839" authority="H.L. Clark, 1909" authorityName="H.L. Clark" authorityYear="1909" box="[165,557,1332,1355]" class="Echinoidea" family="Echinothuriidae" genus="Araeosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echinothurioida" pageId="2" pageNumber="523" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="thetidis">
|
||
<emphasis id="9D8288776D71FFF08CABFAF5FEAC3838" box="[165,361,1332,1354]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="523">Araeosoma thetidis</emphasis>
|
||
(H.L. Clark, 1909)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="52173F5B6D71000D8F4FFAF4FC4D3839" box="[833,904,1332,1355]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="2" pageNumber="523">Recent</td>
|
||
<td id="52173F5B6D71000D8FF6FAF4FAEF3839" box="[1016,1322,1332,1355]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="2" pageNumber="523">Australia, New Zealand</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="11C656276D71000D8C99FAA0FAEF3804" box="[151,1322,1376,1398]" gridrow="13" pageId="2" pageNumber="523">
|
||
<th id="52173F5B6D71000D8C99FAA0FDBC3804" box="[151,633,1376,1398]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="2" pageNumber="523">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="68F62FE66D71FFF08CABFAA1FD823804" authority="Mortensen, 1934" authorityName="Mortensen" authorityYear="1934" box="[165,583,1376,1398]" class="Echinoidea" family="Echinothuriidae" genus="Araeosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echinothurioida" pageId="2" pageNumber="523" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="alternatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="9D8288776D71FFF08CABFAA1FE4B3804" box="[165,398,1376,1398]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="523">Araeosoma alternatum</emphasis>
|
||
Mortensen, 1934
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="52173F5B6D71000D8F4FFAA0FC4D3804" box="[833,904,1376,1398]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="2" pageNumber="523">Recent</td>
|
||
<td id="52173F5B6D71000D8FF6FAA0FAEF3804" box="[1016,1322,1376,1398]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="2" pageNumber="523">Western Indian Ocean</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="11C656276D71000D8C99FA11FAEF3B7E" box="[151,1322,1489,1548]" gridrow="14" pageId="2" pageNumber="523" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1">
|
||
<th id="52173F5B6D71000D8C99FA11FDBC3B7E" box="[151,633,1489,1548]" gridcol="0" gridrow="14" pageId="2" pageNumber="523">
|
||
<emphasis id="9D8288776D71FFF08C99FA11FDD13899" bold="true" box="[151,532,1489,1515]" pageId="2" pageNumber="523">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="68F62FE66D71FFF08C99FA11FE6A3899" box="[151,431,1489,1515]" class="Echinoidea" family="Echinothuriidae" genus="Araeosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echinothurioida" pageId="2" pageNumber="523" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="bidentatum" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="9D8288776D71FFF08C99FA11FE6A3899" bold="true" box="[151,431,1489,1515]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="523">Araeosoma bidentatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="86B1350C6D71FFF08DB8FA11FDD13899" box="[438,532,1489,1515]" pageId="2" pageNumber="523" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Figures 1, 2, 3H, 4H, 5, 6
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<subSubSection id="E7EC07EE6D71FFF18C99F9FCFB683C48" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="524" pageId="2" pageNumber="523" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="AF4954656D71FFF08C99F9FCFDFA3BCE" blockId="2.[151,1437,1596,2036]" pageId="2" pageNumber="523">
|
||
<emphasis id="9D8288776D71FFF08C99F9FCFF3B3B26" box="[151,254,1596,1620]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="523">
|
||
<typeStatus id="704DEAC76D71FFF08C99F9FCFF3B3B26" box="[151,254,1596,1620]" pageId="2" pageNumber="523" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
—From the Chatham Rise, east of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="D7E114F56D71FFF08EADF9FDFCFB3B26" box="[675,830,1596,1620]" name="New Zealand" pageId="2" pageNumber="523">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
|
||
(from Scroll seamount in the Graveyard seamount complex):
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="CAC232A26D71FFF08D1EF99FFE563B05" box="[272,403,1631,1655]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="523" precision="92" value="-42.79">42° 47.4´S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="CAC232A26D71FFF08DAEF99FFDE83B05" box="[416,557,1631,1655]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="523" precision="92" value="-180.0">180° 0.0´W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="680EF9806D71FFF08E36F99FFD033B05" box="[568,710,1631,1655]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.65" metricValueMax="10.6" metricValueMin="8.7" pageId="2" pageNumber="523" unit="m" value="965.0" valueMax="1060.0" valueMin="870.0">870–1060 m</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<quantity id="680EF9806D71FFF08ED9F99FFCF03B05" box="[727,821,1631,1655]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.31" pageId="2" pageNumber="523" unit="mm" value="131.0">131 mm</quantity>
|
||
TD), NIWA23720. Deposited in the NIC, Wellington. Taken with a bottom trawl on
|
||
<date id="DB4872A56D71FFF08DEAF941FD453BEB" box="[484,640,1665,1689]" pageId="2" pageNumber="523" value="2001-04-21">21 April 2001</date>
|
||
by RV
|
||
<taxonomicName id="68F62FE66D71FFF08EDAF942FCFA3BEB" box="[724,831,1666,1689]" class="Arachnida" family="Uloboridae" genus="Tangaroa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="523" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="9D8288776D71FFF08EDAF942FCFA3BEB" box="[724,831,1666,1689]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="523">Tangaroa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
during research into the ecology and effects of fishing on seamounts. Stored in 80% ethanol.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="AF4954656D71FFF08CC9F908FE293A1B" blockId="2.[151,1437,1596,2036]" pageId="2" pageNumber="523">
|
||
<emphasis id="9D8288776D71FFF08CC9F908FEFC3BAD" box="[199,313,1736,1759]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="523">
|
||
<typeStatus id="704DEAC76D71FFF08CC9F908FEFC3BAD" box="[199,313,1736,1759]" pageId="2" pageNumber="523" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
—Three specimens, all from the Graveyard seamount complex; one specimen from Diabolical seamount,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="CAC232A26D71FFF08D1BF929FE5E3A73" box="[277,411,1769,1793]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="523" precision="92" value="-42.8">42° 48.0´S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="CAC232A26D71FFF08DA2F929FD8A3A73" box="[428,591,1769,1793]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="523" precision="92" value="-179.98">179° 58.8´W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="680EF9806D71FFF08E51F929FD343A73" box="[607,753,1769,1793]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.79" metricValueMax="10.58" metricValueMin="9.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="523" unit="m" value="979.0" valueMax="1058.0" valueMin="900.0">900–1058 m</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<quantity id="680EF9806D71FFF08F0BF929FCAD3A73" box="[773,872,1769,1793]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.38" pageId="2" pageNumber="523" unit="mm" value="138.0">138 mm</quantity>
|
||
TD), NIWA23719; one specimen from Zombie seamount,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="CAC232A26D71FFF08D1DF8CCFE5C3A56" box="[275,409,1804,1828]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="523" precision="92" value="-42.77">42° 46.2´S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="CAC232A26D71FFF08DA6F8CCFD823A56" box="[424,583,1804,1828]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="523" precision="92" value="-179.93">179° 55.8´W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="680EF9806D71FFF08E5AF8CCFD213A56" box="[596,740,1804,1828]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.001" metricValueMax="1.0699999999999998" metricValueMin="0.932" pageId="2" pageNumber="523" unit="m" value="1001.0" valueMax="1070.0" valueMin="932.0">932–1070 m</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<quantity id="680EF9806D71FFF08EF8F8CCFC923A56" box="[758,855,1804,1828]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.31" pageId="2" pageNumber="523" unit="mm" value="131.0">131 mm</quantity>
|
||
TD), NIWA25961; one specimen from Graveyard seamount,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="CAC232A26D71FFF08D1FF8EFFE573A35" box="[273,402,1839,1863]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="523" precision="92" value="-42.77">42° 46.2´S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="CAC232A26D71FFF08D91F8EFFDFD3A35" box="[415,568,1839,1863]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="523" precision="92" value="-179.99">179° 59.4´W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="680EF9806D71FFF08E4AF8EFFD163A35" box="[580,723,1839,1863]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0135" metricValueMax="1.076" metricValueMin="0.951" pageId="2" pageNumber="523" unit="m" value="1013.5" valueMax="1076.0" valueMin="951.0">951–1076 m</quantity>
|
||
, (
|
||
<quantity id="680EF9806D71FFF08EE9F8EFFCFD3A35" box="[743,824,1839,1863]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.8" pageId="2" pageNumber="523" unit="mm" value="68.0">68 mm</quantity>
|
||
TD), NIWA25964. Specimen NIWA25961 stored dry, the rest stored in 80% ethanol.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="AF4954656D71FFF18CC9F8B4FB683C48" blockId="2.[151,1437,1596,2036]" lastBlockId="3.[151,1436,151,314]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="524" pageId="2" pageNumber="523">
|
||
<emphasis id="9D8288776D71FFF08CC9F8B4FEAB3AFE" box="[199,366,1908,1932]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="523">Other material</emphasis>
|
||
—Chatham Rise:
|
||
<specimenCount id="B9F09FEC6D71FFF08E38F8B4FD713AFE" box="[566,692,1908,1932]" pageId="2" pageNumber="523" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
|
||
(
|
||
<quantity id="680EF9806D71FFF08ECCF8B4FCE13AFE" box="[706,804,1908,1932]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="2" pageNumber="523" unit="mm" value="130.0">130 mm</quantity>
|
||
),
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="CAC232A26D71FFF08F39F8B4FC733AFE" box="[823,950,1908,1932]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="523" precision="92" value="-42.775">42° 46.5´S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="CAC232A26D71FFF08FCDF8B4FB9F3AFE" box="[963,1114,1908,1932]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="523" precision="92" value="-177.265">177° 15.9´W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="680EF9806D71FFF0886BF8B4FB203AFE" box="[1125,1253,1908,1932]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.915000000000001" metricValueMax="9.959999999999999" metricValueMin="9.870000000000001" pageId="2" pageNumber="523" unit="m" value="991.5" valueMax="996.0" valueMin="987.0">987–996 m</quantity>
|
||
, NIWA23725;
|
||
<specimenCount id="B9F09FEC6D71FFF08980F8B4FEC43ADD" pageId="2" pageNumber="523" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
|
||
(
|
||
<quantity id="680EF9806D71FFF08D1EF857FEAB3ADD" box="[272,366,1943,1967]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" pageId="2" pageNumber="523" unit="mm" value="125.0">125 mm</quantity>
|
||
TD),
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="CAC232A26D71FFF08DBCF857FDF63ADD" box="[434,563,1943,1967]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="523" precision="92" value="-42.765">42° 45.9´S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="CAC232A26D71FFF08E31F857FD1D3ADD" box="[575,728,1943,1967]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="523" precision="92" value="-179.98666">179° 59.2´W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="680EF9806D71FFF08EEAF857FCB73ADD" box="[740,882,1943,1967]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0135" metricValueMax="1.076" metricValueMin="0.951" pageId="2" pageNumber="523" unit="m" value="1013.5" valueMax="1076.0" valueMin="951.0">951–1076 m</quantity>
|
||
, NIWA25962;
|
||
<specimenCount id="B9F09FEC6D71FFF08813F857FB623ADD" box="[1053,1191,1943,1967]" pageId="2" pageNumber="523" type="generic">2 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
(80, 74 mm TD),
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="CAC232A26D71FFF0897BF857FF2C3AA3" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="523" precision="92" value="-44.176666">44° 10.6´S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="CAC232A26D71FFF08CF8F879FE553AA3" box="[246,400,1977,2001]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="523" precision="92" value="-174.56">174° 33.6´W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="680EF9806D71FFF08D95F879FDD83AA3" box="[411,541,1977,2001]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.6" metricValueMax="9.6" metricValueMin="7.6" pageId="2" pageNumber="523" unit="m" value="860.0" valueMax="960.0" valueMin="760.0">760–960 m</quantity>
|
||
, NIWA53906.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="D7E114F56D71FFF08EC9F879FCFA3AA3" box="[711,831,1977,2001]" name="Australia" pageId="2" pageNumber="523">Macquarie</collectingCountry>
|
||
Ridge (south of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="D7E114F56D71FFF08FF3F87AFB5C3AA3" box="[1021,1177,1977,2001]" name="New Zealand" pageId="2" pageNumber="523">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
|
||
):
|
||
<specimenCount id="B9F09FEC6D71FFF088A2F879FAF23AA3" box="[1196,1335,1977,2001]" pageId="2" pageNumber="523" type="generic">2 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
(100, 99 mm TD),
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="CAC232A26D71FFF08D04F81CFEBB3A86" box="[266,382,2012,2036]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="523" precision="92" value="-51.065">51° 3.9´S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="CAC232A26D71FFF08D83F81CFDE73A86" box="[397,546,2012,2036]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="523" precision="92" value="164.58833">164° 35.3´E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="680EF9806D71FFF08E3EF81CFD763A86" box="[560,691,2012,2036]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.705" metricValueMax="9.73" metricValueMin="9.68" pageId="2" pageNumber="523" unit="m" value="970.5" valueMax="973.0" valueMin="968.0">968–973 m</quantity>
|
||
, NIWA23717;
|
||
<specimenCount id="B9F09FEC6D71FFF08F6EF81CFC293A86" box="[864,1004,2012,2036]" pageId="2" pageNumber="523" type="generic">4 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
(56, 70, 70, 84, mm TD),
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="CAC232A26D71FFF0892CF81CFA533A86" box="[1314,1430,2012,2036]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="523" precision="92" value="-51.053333">51° 3.2´S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="CAC232A26D70FFF18C99FF57FEEB3DDD" box="[151,302,151,175]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="524" precision="92" value="164.60667">164° 36.4´E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 990–
|
||
<quantity id="680EF9806D70FFF18D79FF57FE073DDD" box="[375,450,151,175]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.73" pageId="3" pageNumber="524" unit="m" value="973.0">973 m</quantity>
|
||
, NIWA23722. Ritchie Banks (east of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="D7E114F56D70FFF18F71FF58FBDB3DDD" box="[895,1054,151,175]" name="New Zealand" pageId="3" pageNumber="524">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
|
||
):
|
||
<specimenCount id="B9F09FEC6D70FFF1883AFF57FB733DDD" box="[1076,1206,151,175]" pageId="3" pageNumber="524" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
|
||
(
|
||
<quantity id="680EF9806D70FFF188C7FF57FAEF3DDD" box="[1225,1322,151,175]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0699999999999998" pageId="3" pageNumber="524" unit="mm" value="107.0">107 mm</quantity>
|
||
TD),
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="CAC232A26D70FFF1897BFF57FF2C3DA0" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="524" precision="92" value="-39.476665">39° 28.6´S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="CAC232A26D70FFF18CF9FF7AFE493DA0" box="[247,396,186,210]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="524" precision="92" value="178.42">178° 25.2´E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="680EF9806D70FFF18D94FF7AFE213DA0" box="[410,484,186,210]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.74" pageId="3" pageNumber="524" unit="m" value="874.0">874 m</quantity>
|
||
, NIWA23727;
|
||
<specimenCount id="B9F09FEC6D70FFF18E9FFF7AFCD03DA0" box="[657,789,186,210]" pageId="3" pageNumber="524" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="CAC232A26D70FFF18F2CFF7AFC613DA0" box="[802,932,186,210]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="524" precision="92" value="-39.501667">39° 30.1´S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="CAC232A26D70FFF18FBDFF7AFB8D3DA0" box="[947,1096,186,210]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="524" precision="92" value="178.38667">178° 23.2´E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, Te Papa J
|
||
<date id="DB4872A56D70FFF188CDFF7AFADE3DA0" box="[1219,1307,186,210]" pageId="3" pageNumber="524" value="24-07-01">070124</date>
|
||
. Northwest Challenger Plateau (west of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="D7E114F56D70FFF18DE1FF1EFD573D87" box="[495,658,221,245]" name="New Zealand" pageId="3" pageNumber="524">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
|
||
):
|
||
<specimenCount id="B9F09FEC6D70FFF18EA5FF1DFCF43D87" box="[683,817,221,245]" pageId="3" pageNumber="524" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
|
||
(
|
||
<quantity id="680EF9806D70FFF18F49FF1DFC6E3D87" box="[839,939,221,245]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.01" pageId="3" pageNumber="524" unit="mm" value="101.0">101 mm</quantity>
|
||
TD),
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="CAC232A26D70FFF18FF2FF1DFB463D87" box="[1020,1155,221,245]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="524" precision="92" value="-37.5">37° 30.0´S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="CAC232A26D70FFF18898FF1DFAF13D87" box="[1174,1332,221,245]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="524" precision="92" value="167.68333">167° 41.0´E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="680EF9806D70FFF18949FF1DFA5D3D87" box="[1351,1432,221,245]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.43" pageId="3" pageNumber="524" unit="m" value="943.0">943 m</quantity>
|
||
, NIWA45137. Tasmania (south of):
|
||
<specimenCount id="B9F09FEC6D70FFF18E28FF3FFD6C3C65" box="[550,681,255,279]" pageId="3" pageNumber="524" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="CAC232A26D70FFF18EBBFF3FFCED3C65" box="[693,808,255,279]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="524" precision="92" value="-44.09833">44° 5.9´S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="CAC232A26D70FFF18F38FF3FFC153C65" box="[822,976,255,279]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="524" precision="92" value="-147.41167">147° 24.7´W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="680EF9806D70FFF18FD2FF3FFBA93C65" box="[988,1132,255,279]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.15" metricValueMax="10.2" metricValueMin="8.1" pageId="3" pageNumber="524" unit="m" value="915.0" valueMax="1020.0" valueMin="810.0">810–1020 m</quantity>
|
||
, AM
|
||
<accessionNumber id="B0A5C9866D70FFF188A0FF3FFAC63C65" box="[1198,1283,255,279]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/J24496" pageId="3" pageNumber="524" type="EnaNcbi">J24496</accessionNumber>
|
||
. All stored in 80% ethanol, except for NIWA25962 and one specimen in NIWA23717 which are stored dry.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="FB8904ED6D70FFF18C99FB88FA82392D" box="[151,1351,1096,1119]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/219313/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="524" targetBox="[151,1435,367,1079]" targetPageId="3">
|
||
<paragraph id="AF4954656D70FFF18C99FB88FA82392D" blockId="3.[151,1351,1096,1119]" box="[151,1351,1096,1119]" pageId="3" pageNumber="524">
|
||
<emphasis id="9D8288776D70FFF18C99FB88FED6392C" bold="true" box="[151,275,1096,1119]" pageId="3" pageNumber="524">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="68F62FE66D70FFF18D17FB8AFDC0392D" box="[281,517,1097,1119]" class="Echinoidea" family="Echinothuriidae" genus="Araeosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echinothurioida" pageId="3" pageNumber="524" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="bidentatum" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="9D8288776D70FFF18D17FB8AFDC0392D" box="[281,517,1097,1119]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="524">Araeosoma bidentatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="86B1350C6D70FFF18E04FB8AFD9E392D" box="[522,603,1098,1119]" pageId="3" pageNumber="524" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, holotype, NIWA23720 (131 mm TD). Left, aboral view; right, oral view.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="E7EC07EE6D70FFF18CC9FB4CFEF539B4" pageId="3" pageNumber="524" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="AF4954656D70FFF18CC9FB4CFEF539B4" blockId="3.[151,1437,1163,2019]" pageId="3" pageNumber="524">
|
||
<emphasis id="9D8288776D70FFF18CC9FB4CFEFA39D6" box="[199,319,1164,1188]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="524">Etymology</emphasis>
|
||
—Named after the “bidentate” tridentate pedicellaria present in the species, used as a noun in the genitive case.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="E7EC07EE6D70FFF18CC9FB12FE0F3801" pageId="3" pageNumber="524" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="AF4954656D70FFF18CC9FB12FE0F3801" blockId="3.[151,1437,1163,2019]" pageId="3" pageNumber="524">
|
||
<emphasis id="9D8288776D70FFF18CC9FB12FEFC399B" box="[199,313,1234,1257]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="524">Diagnosis</emphasis>
|
||
—Adults moderate size, up to
|
||
<quantity id="680EF9806D70FFF18EA8FB10FCC2399A" box="[678,775,1232,1256]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.38" pageId="3" pageNumber="524" unit="mm" value="138.0">138 mm</quantity>
|
||
TD; colour of test and appendages deep red, peristome mustard yellow; relatively narrow membranous spaces between plates, wider in the interambulacra and aborally; primary tubercles on every plate in the adradial interambulacral series on the oral side; spines delicate and frequently lost; hoofs white, short, narrower than the spine, not flared; bidentate pedicellariae abundant, dactylous pedicellariae with 5 valves.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="E7EC07EE6D70FFFA8CC9FABFFB183C16" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="529" pageId="3" pageNumber="524" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="AF4954656D70FFF18CC9FABFFCC53B52" blockId="3.[151,1437,1163,2019]" pageId="3" pageNumber="524">
|
||
<emphasis id="9D8288776D70FFF18CC9FABFFE8E38E4" box="[199,331,1407,1430]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="524">Description</emphasis>
|
||
—Test of
|
||
<typeStatus id="704DEAC76D70FFF18DB0FABEFDE538E4" box="[446,544,1406,1430]" pageId="3" pageNumber="524" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="37CD48E06D70FFF18E3FFABEFD5438E4" box="[561,657,1406,1430]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1096,1119]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,367,1079]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,367,1081]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Araeosoma bidentatum sp. nov., holotype, NIWA 23720 (131 mm TD). Left, aboral view; right, oral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/219313/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="524">Figure 1</figureCitation>
|
||
) large (test diameter
|
||
<quantity id="680EF9806D70FFF18F84FABEFC2938E4" box="[906,1004,1406,1430]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.31" pageId="3" pageNumber="524" unit="mm" value="131.0">131 mm</quantity>
|
||
), circular, flattened, ambitus rounded. Colour of test and spines deep red, owing to the pigment in the skin, mustard yellow around peristome (extending partially along ambulacra in NIWA25964). Cleaned sections showing white to light pink membranous connective tissue between coronal plates, which remain dark red. Primary tubercles perforate and non-crenulate. Ratio of interambulacrum to ambulacrum width at ambitus, 4:3.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="AF4954656D70FFF18CC9F9EBFBB83A09" blockId="3.[151,1437,1163,2019]" pageId="3" pageNumber="524">There are 39–40 plates in the interambulacral columns cleaned for examination, 18 on the oral side and 21 or 22 on the aboral side. Ambulacral columns have 56–57 plates, 26 on the oral side and 30–31 aborally. Although plate boundaries partly concealed by skin and a thick layer of connective tissue, distinct membranous spaces are evident in the median area between successive plates in a column, particularly aborally and in the interambulacra. This feature more obvious in the dried specimens. Lateral edges of the coronal plates overlap, however, in the usual manner for this genus, and details of this were revealed by cutting open a section of the test and examining the internal plate surfaces. This showed upper (adapical) plates overlapping lower plates in the ambulacra, lower plates overlapping upper plates in the interambulacra and, at the radial suture, interambulacral plates overlapping ambulacral plates. All coronal plates short and wide, roughly oblong. Adapical-most interambulacral plates angled slightly downward to accommodate extension of genital plates into the interambulacrum.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="AF4954656D70FFF68CC9F846FA483C0D" blockId="3.[151,1437,1163,2019]" lastBlockId="4.[151,1437,151,384]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="525" pageId="3" pageNumber="524">
|
||
Aboral test plating (
|
||
<figureCitation id="37CD48E06D70FFF18DABF846FDC23AEC" box="[421,519,1926,1950]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1257,1280]" captionTargetBox="[511,1092,428,1218]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[475,1119,417,1270]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Araeosoma bidentatum sp. nov., holotype, NIWA 23720. Details of coronal plates. Top, aboral; bottom, oral; left, ambulacra; right, interambulacra." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/219314/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="524">Figure 2</figureCitation>
|
||
): There is a fairly regular series of primary tubercles in the aboral interambulacra, occurring on every second or third plate and located near the plate centre at the ambitus but angling across the plate adradially as the series is followed adapically. This series limited to the outer two-thirds of the aboral side (as it is in the other material examined except for NIWA
|
||
<quantity id="680EF9806D77FFF68E9BFF57FD303DDD" box="[661,757,151,175]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.594347999999999" pageId="4" pageNumber="525" unit="in" value="25962.0">25962 in</quantity>
|
||
which it extends distinctly further toward the apical system). This pattern is more regular on the un-cleaned columns—the cleaned column having an irregular group of plates near the centre, possibly due to having been broken and repaired. Other primary tubercles (between about 1 and 6 per column) irregularly placed interradially, also mostly limited to the outer two-thirds of the aboral side. In the ambulacra, primary tubercles—slightly smaller than those in the interambulacra—occur irregularly between every second to seventh plate, forming a series on the perradial side of the pore-pairs. The remainder of the aboral plates covered with secondary and miliary tubercles—up to a maximum of about 12 (interambulacra), and 16 (ambulacra).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="FB8904ED6D77FFF68C99FB29FE2C386D" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/219314/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="525" targetBox="[511,1092,428,1218]" targetPageId="4">
|
||
<paragraph id="AF4954656D77FFF68C99FB29FE2C386D" blockId="4.[151,1436,1257,1311]" pageId="4" pageNumber="525">
|
||
<emphasis id="9D8288776D77FFF68C99FB29FED6398D" bold="true" box="[151,275,1257,1280]" pageId="4" pageNumber="525">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="68F62FE66D77FFF68D15FB2BFDC23872" box="[283,519,1258,1280]" class="Echinoidea" family="Echinothuriidae" genus="Araeosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echinothurioida" pageId="4" pageNumber="525" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="bidentatum" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="9D8288776D77FFF68D15FB2BFDC23872" box="[283,519,1258,1280]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="525">Araeosoma bidentatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="86B1350C6D77FFF68E00FB2BFDA53872" box="[526,608,1259,1280]" pageId="4" pageNumber="525" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, holotype, NIWA23720. Details of coronal plates. Top, aboral; bottom, oral; left, ambulacra; right, interambulacra.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="AF4954656D77FFF68CC9FA86FC8F3B0C" blockId="4.[151,1437,1350,2031]" pageId="4" pageNumber="525">
|
||
Apical system about
|
||
<quantity id="680EF9806D77FFF68DCEFA86FDD6382C" box="[448,531,1350,1374]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" pageId="4" pageNumber="525" unit="mm" value="22.0">22 mm</quantity>
|
||
across, monocyclic, sub-pentagonal (the sides only slightly curved) but misshapen by the enlarged G2, the component plates difficult to distinguish due to a thick covering of skin. Genital pores small, opening in the membranous space just beyond the outer point of the genital plates. The genital pores of one of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="704DEAC76D77FFF68D01FA73FEBE38B9" box="[271,379,1459,1483]" pageId="4" pageNumber="525" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
(NIWA23719) distinctly larger, possibly indicating sexual dimorphism (female). Madreporite compact, hemispherical, apparently limited to plate G2 (in NIWA23717 (dry) G2 is greatly enlarged to accommodate the madreporite which, as in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="704DEAC76D77FFF68EBCFA3AFCD23B60" box="[690,791,1530,1554]" pageId="4" pageNumber="525" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
, is confined to this plate). This hemispherical shape also seen, where intact, in other specimens. Ocular plates with 2–5 small tubercles of different sizes, pore at the outer edge. Anus surrounded by a rough ring of plates and spinelets, and about 30 small plates (each with 1–4 small tubercles) fill the space between the main plates and the anus.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="AF4954656D77FFF68CC9F94AFD673A9D" blockId="4.[151,1437,1350,2031]" pageId="4" pageNumber="525">
|
||
Oral test plating (
|
||
<figureCitation id="37CD48E06D77FFF68D99F94AFE3A3BD0" box="[407,511,1674,1698]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1257,1280]" captionTargetBox="[511,1092,428,1218]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[475,1119,417,1270]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Araeosoma bidentatum sp. nov., holotype, NIWA 23720. Details of coronal plates. Top, aboral; bottom, oral; left, ambulacra; right, interambulacra." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/219314/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="525">Figure 2</figureCitation>
|
||
): There is a regular adradial series of primary tubercles in the interambulacra, occurring on every plate from the ambitus to the peristome, gradually diminishing in size. These tubercles frequently abutting and some of the larger adambital ones overlapping or compressed to fit within the height of the plate. An inner series of slightly smaller tubercles occurs on most plates, located near the interradial suture at the ambitus and placed gradually further across the plates, but not beyond mid-plate, as the series is traced adorally. Between these two series another, smaller, primary tubercle occurs on most plates but not so as to form an obvious series. Smaller secondary and miliary tubercles (up to about 14) scattered over the remainder of the plates. In the oral ambulacra, an inner series of primary tubercles occurs generally on every second plate in the outer half (where they are largest) and on every plate in the adoral half. A few smaller primary tubercles also found around the pore zone in the outer half of the ambulacra. Secondary and miliary tubercles otherwise occupy the remaining space on the plates—up to about 14 on the larger plates.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="FB8904ED6D76FFF78C99FC50FAAA3E96" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/219315/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="526" targetBox="[505,1085,207,846]" targetPageId="5">
|
||
<paragraph id="AF4954656D76FFF78C99FC50FAAA3E96" blockId="5.[151,1437,912,996]" pageId="5" pageNumber="526">
|
||
<emphasis id="9D8288776D76FFF78C99FC50FEDE3ED4" bold="true" box="[151,283,912,935]" pageId="5" pageNumber="526">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
|
||
Primary spine sections (left, oral; right, aboral). A,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="68F62FE66D76FFF78F7BFC52FB9F3ED5" box="[885,1114,914,935]" class="Echinoidea" family="Echinothuriidae" genus="Araeosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echinothurioida" pageId="5" pageNumber="526" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="migratum">
|
||
<emphasis id="9D8288776D76FFF78F7BFC52FB9F3ED5" box="[885,1114,914,935]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="526">Araeosoma migratum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(NIWA45089); B,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="68F62FE66D76FFF78938FC52FA593ED5" box="[1334,1436,913,935]" class="Echinoidea" family="Echinothuriidae" genus="Araeosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echinothurioida" pageId="5" pageNumber="526" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="bakeri">
|
||
<emphasis id="9D8288776D76FFF78938FC52FA593ED5" box="[1334,1436,913,935]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="526">A. bakeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(NIWA6564); C,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="68F62FE66D76FFF78D5DFC6FFDF23EB7" box="[339,567,943,965]" class="Echinoidea" family="Echinothuriidae" genus="Hapalosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echinothurioida" pageId="5" pageNumber="526" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="amynina">
|
||
<emphasis id="9D8288776D76FFF78D5DFC6FFDF23EB7" box="[339,567,943,965]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="526">Hapalosoma amynina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(NIWA6621); D,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="68F62FE66D76FFF78F0EFC70FC963EB7" box="[768,851,944,965]" class="Echinoidea" family="Echinothuriidae" genus="Araeosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echinothurioida" pageId="5" pageNumber="526" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="tertii">
|
||
<emphasis id="9D8288776D76FFF78F0EFC70FC963EB7" box="[768,851,944,965]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="526">A. tertii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(NIWA29453); E,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="68F62FE66D76FFF78828FC70FB723EB7" box="[1062,1207,943,965]" class="Echinoidea" family="Echinothuriidae" genus="Araeosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echinothurioida" pageId="5" pageNumber="526" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="alternatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="9D8288776D76FFF78828FC70FB723EB7" box="[1062,1207,943,965]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="526">A. alternatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(NIWA53579); F,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="68F62FE66D76FFF78988FC70FEDF3E96" class="Echinoidea" family="Echinothuriidae" genus="Araeosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echinothurioida" pageId="5" pageNumber="526" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="anatirostrum">
|
||
<emphasis id="9D8288776D76FFF78988FC70FEDF3E96" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="526">A. anatirostrum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(NIWA29442); G,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="68F62FE66D76FFF78DD2FC0FFD863E96" box="[476,579,974,996]" class="Echinoidea" family="Echinothuriidae" genus="Araeosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echinothurioida" pageId="5" pageNumber="526" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="thetidis">
|
||
<emphasis id="9D8288776D76FFF78DD2FC0FFD863E96" box="[476,579,974,996]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="526">A. thetidis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(NIWA29419); H,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="68F62FE66D76FFF78F09FC0FFC503E96" box="[775,917,974,996]" class="Echinoidea" family="Echinothuriidae" genus="Araeosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echinothurioida" pageId="5" pageNumber="526" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="bidentatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="9D8288776D76FFF78F09FC0FFC503E96" box="[775,917,974,996]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="526">A. bidentatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(NIWA23720); I,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="68F62FE66D76FFF7885EFC0FFB0A3E96" box="[1104,1231,974,996]" class="Echinoidea" family="Echinothuriidae" genus="Araeosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echinothurioida" pageId="5" pageNumber="526" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="leppienae">
|
||
<emphasis id="9D8288776D76FFF7885EFC0FFB0A3E96" box="[1104,1231,974,996]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="526">A. leppienae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(NIWA23724).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="FB8904ED6D76FFF78C99F948FD463BAE" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/219316/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="526" targetBox="[508,1073,1074,1614]" targetPageId="5">
|
||
<paragraph id="AF4954656D76FFF78C99F948FD463BAE" blockId="5.[151,1436,1672,1756]" pageId="5" pageNumber="526">
|
||
<emphasis id="9D8288776D76FFF78C99F948FED13BEF" bold="true" box="[151,276,1672,1695]" pageId="5" pageNumber="526">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
|
||
Oral spine hoofs. A,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="68F62FE66D76FFF78DFAF949FD7F3BEC" box="[500,698,1672,1694]" class="Echinoidea" family="Echinothuriidae" genus="Araeosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echinothurioida" pageId="5" pageNumber="526" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="thetidis">
|
||
<emphasis id="9D8288776D76FFF78DFAF949FD7F3BEC" box="[500,698,1672,1694]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="526">Araeosoma thetidis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(NIWA6595); B,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="68F62FE66D76FFF78F7AF948FB913BEC" box="[884,1108,1672,1694]" class="Echinoidea" family="Echinothuriidae" genus="Hapalosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echinothurioida" pageId="5" pageNumber="526" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="amynina">
|
||
<emphasis id="9D8288776D76FFF78F7AF948FB913BEC" box="[884,1108,1672,1694]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="526">Hapalosoma amynina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(NIWA6621); C,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="68F62FE66D76FFF78901F949FA593BEC" box="[1295,1436,1672,1694]" class="Echinoidea" family="Echinothuriidae" genus="Araeosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echinothurioida" pageId="5" pageNumber="526" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="alternatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="9D8288776D76FFF78901F949FA593BEC" box="[1295,1436,1672,1694]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="526">A. alternatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(NIWA53579); D,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="68F62FE66D76FFF78D51F967FE273BCF" box="[351,482,1703,1725]" class="Echinoidea" family="Echinothuriidae" genus="Araeosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echinothurioida" pageId="5" pageNumber="526" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="migratum">
|
||
<emphasis id="9D8288776D76FFF78D51F967FE273BCF" box="[351,482,1703,1725]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="526">A. migratum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(NIWA45089); E,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="68F62FE66D76FFF78EBDF967FCC03BCF" box="[691,773,1703,1725]" class="Echinoidea" family="Echinothuriidae" genus="Araeosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echinothurioida" pageId="5" pageNumber="526" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="tertii">
|
||
<emphasis id="9D8288776D76FFF78EBDF967FCC03BCF" box="[691,773,1703,1725]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="526">A. tertii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(NIWA29453); F,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="68F62FE66D76FFF78FDCF967FBF13BCF" box="[978,1076,1703,1725]" class="Echinoidea" family="Echinothuriidae" genus="Araeosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echinothurioida" pageId="5" pageNumber="526" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="bakeri">
|
||
<emphasis id="9D8288776D76FFF78FDCF967FBF13BCF" box="[978,1076,1703,1725]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="526">A. bakeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(NIWA6564); G,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="68F62FE66D76FFF788F6F967FA593BCF" box="[1272,1436,1703,1725]" class="Echinoidea" family="Echinothuriidae" genus="Araeosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echinothurioida" pageId="5" pageNumber="526" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="anatirostrum">
|
||
<emphasis id="9D8288776D76FFF788F6F967FA593BCF" box="[1272,1436,1703,1725]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="526">A. anatirostrum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(NIWA29442); H,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="68F62FE66D76FFF78D5BF906FE263BA9" box="[341,483,1733,1755]" class="Echinoidea" family="Echinothuriidae" genus="Araeosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echinothurioida" pageId="5" pageNumber="526" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="bidentatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="9D8288776D76FFF78D5BF906FE263BA9" box="[341,483,1733,1755]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="526">A. bidentatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(NIWA23720).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="AF4954656D76FFF78CC9F8C8FD983AA6" blockId="5.[151,1436,1800,2004]" pageId="5" pageNumber="526">
|
||
Peristome about
|
||
<quantity id="680EF9806D76FFF78D87F8C8FE1F3A52" box="[393,474,1800,1824]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7" pageId="5" pageNumber="526" unit="mm" value="27.0">27 mm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter, bearing ambulacral plates only. Two overlapping columns of about 11 boomerang-shaped plates in each zone (11 also in NIWA25961, 10 in NIWA23717), each with a single tube-foot and a row of tubercles (up to six or seven) which span the width of the plate. An occasional extra plate (with tubefoot) crammed in near the outer margin. Peristomial spines, tube-feet, and pedicellariae mustard coloured, quite distinct from the red colour over the rest of the test. In NIWA25964 this mustard colour extends also onto a few adoral plates of the ambulacral columns.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="FB8904ED6D75FFF48C99FBD3FDBF3915" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/219317/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="527" targetBox="[369,1225,193,1030]" targetPageId="6">
|
||
<paragraph id="AF4954656D75FFF48C99FBD3FDBF3915" blockId="6.[151,1436,1043,1127]" pageId="6" pageNumber="527">
|
||
<emphasis id="9D8288776D75FFF48C99FBD3FED1395B" bold="true" box="[151,276,1043,1066]" pageId="6" pageNumber="527">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="68F62FE66D75FFF48D15FBD5FDCD3958" box="[283,520,1044,1066]" class="Echinoidea" family="Echinothuriidae" genus="Araeosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echinothurioida" pageId="6" pageNumber="527" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="bidentatum" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="9D8288776D75FFF48D15FBD5FDCD3958" box="[283,520,1044,1066]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="527">Araeosoma bidentatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="86B1350C6D75FFF48E01FBD5FDA43958" box="[527,609,1045,1066]" pageId="6" pageNumber="527" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, holotype, NIWA23720.SEM images of appendages. A&B, valves of triphyllous pedicellariae; C&D, distal valve tips of dactylous pedicellariae; E, a sphaeridium; F&G, valves of bidentate pedicellariae; H&I, valves of large involute tridentate pedicellariae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="AF4954656D75FFF48CC9FB51FAA038EE" blockId="6.[151,1437,1169,2025]" pageId="6" pageNumber="527">
|
||
Spines: Cylindrical, hollow, the largest all broken—longest remaining
|
||
<quantity id="680EF9806D75FFF48809FB51FB9E39DB" box="[1031,1115,1169,1193]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="6" pageNumber="527" unit="mm" value="15.0">15 mm</quantity>
|
||
long,
|
||
<quantity id="680EF9806D75FFF488A5FB51FAC239DB" box="[1195,1287,1169,1193]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="527" unit="mm" value="0.7">0.7 mm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter. Primary spines smooth, with about 25 fine, longitudinal striations. These striations wedge-shaped in cross-section, with an inner ring of perforations in the oral spines examined and none in the aboral spines—the spine walls relatively thin (
|
||
<figureCitation id="37CD48E06D75FFF48D41FB39FE7D3863" box="[335,440,1273,1297]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,912,935]" captionTargetBox="[505,1085,207,846]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[476,1119,187,888]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Primary spine sections (left, oral; right, aboral). A, Araeosoma migratum (NIWA 45089); B, A. bakeri (NIWA 6564); C, Hapalosoma amynina (NIWA 6621); D, A. tertii (NIWA 29453); E, A. alternatum (NIWA 53579); F, A. anatirostrum (NIWA 29442); G, A. thetidis (NIWA 29419); H, A. bidentatum (NIWA 23720); I, A. leppienae (NIWA 23724)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/219315/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="527">Figure 3</figureCitation>
|
||
). Both primary and secondary spines uniformly red in colour. Several hoofs were preserved on the oral spines of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="704DEAC76D75FFF48E4EFADCFD673846" box="[576,674,1308,1332]" pageId="6" pageNumber="527" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
but on only one or two other specimens—the oral spines being relatively fine and easily broken, even compared to other species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="68F62FE66D75FFF48F92FAFFFBDE3825" box="[924,1051,1343,1367]" class="Echinoidea" family="Echinothuriidae" genus="Araeosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echinothurioida" pageId="6" pageNumber="527" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="9D8288776D75FFF48F92FAFFFBDE3825" box="[924,1051,1343,1367]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="527">Araeosoma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Several hoofs were preserved on the oral spines of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="704DEAC76D75FFF48D85FAA1FE28380B" box="[395,493,1377,1401]" pageId="6" pageNumber="527" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
but only one or two remained on other specimens – the oral spines being relatively fine and easily broken, even compared to other species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="68F62FE66D75FFF48F2CFA44FC6438EE" box="[802,929,1412,1436]" class="Echinoidea" family="Echinothuriidae" genus="Araeosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echinothurioida" pageId="6" pageNumber="527" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="9D8288776D75FFF48F2CFA44FC6438EE" box="[802,929,1412,1436]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="527">Araeosoma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Glands visible on secondary spine tips.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="AF4954656D75FFF48CC9FA67FF103A6B" blockId="6.[151,1437,1169,2025]" pageId="6" pageNumber="527">
|
||
Pedicellariae (
|
||
<figureCitation id="37CD48E06D75FFF48D68FA67FE0C38CD" box="[358,457,1447,1471]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1043,1066]" captionTargetBox="[369,1225,193,1030]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[369,1226,193,1031]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 5. Araeosoma bidentatum sp. nov., holotype, NIWA 23720. SEM images of appendages. A & B, valves of triphyllous pedicellariae; C & D, distal valve tips of dactylous pedicellariae; E, a sphaeridium; F & G, valves of bidentate pedicellariae; H & I, valves of large involute tridentate pedicellariae." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/219317/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="527">Figure 5</figureCitation>
|
||
). The general forms of pedicellariae expected in this genus all present in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="704DEAC76D75FFF4893CFA67FA5238CD" box="[1330,1431,1447,1471]" pageId="6" pageNumber="527" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
; Tridentate: Large (about
|
||
<quantity id="680EF9806D75FFF48DBFFA09FDCD3893" box="[433,520,1481,1505]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="6" pageNumber="527" unit="mm" value="2.5">2.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
long) rostrate form on a long stalk with a short neck; the long, involuted section with a distinct elbow and the coarsely serrated blade widening to almost the width of the base. Bidentate: In a range of sizes from about
|
||
<quantity id="680EF9806D75FFF48D78F9CFFE3A3B55" box="[374,511,1551,1575]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="0.5" pageId="6" pageNumber="527" unit="mm" value="1.0" valueMax="1.5" valueMin="0.5">0.5–1.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
, straight sided, the base barely wider than the blade; the neck nearly as long as the head, on a long stalk. The larger specimens, at least, are occasionally tridentate. These unusual pedicellariae are distinctive and readily found over much of the test. Triphyllous: typical echinothurioid form about
|
||
<quantity id="680EF9806D75FFF4891DF994FA593B1E" box="[1299,1436,1620,1644]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="527" unit="mm" value="0.65" valueMax="0.8" valueMin="0.5">0.5–0.8 mm</quantity>
|
||
long on a long neck (several times the length of the head) and longer stalk; blade relatively short, the involuted basal part completely enclosed only for a short distance above the base. Dactylous: Typical form for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="68F62FE66D75FFF4891BF959FA513BC3" box="[1301,1428,1689,1713]" class="Echinoidea" family="Echinothuriidae" genus="Araeosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echinothurioida" pageId="6" pageNumber="527" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="9D8288776D75FFF4891BF959FA513BC3" box="[1301,1428,1689,1713]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="527">Araeosoma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, about 3.0–
|
||
<quantity id="680EF9806D75FFF48D01F97CFEA03BA6" box="[271,357,1724,1748]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="6" pageNumber="527" unit="mm" value="3.5">3.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
long with 5-valves, blade edges finely “crimped” rather than serrated. Exceedingly rare on the
|
||
<typeStatus id="704DEAC76D75FFF48C99F91FFF3C3B85" box="[151,249,1759,1783]" pageId="6" pageNumber="527" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
and other specimens searched, those found were on the aboral side near the ambitus, as is typical for this form.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="AF4954656D75FFF48CC9F8E4FAF33A2D" blockId="6.[151,1437,1169,2025]" pageId="6" pageNumber="527">
|
||
Sphaeridia, elongate spherical (about
|
||
<quantity id="680EF9806D75FFF48E7AF8E4FD093A4E" box="[628,716,1828,1852]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="527" unit="mm" value="0.5">0.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
long by
|
||
<quantity id="680EF9806D75FFF48F3DF8E4FC4F3A4E" box="[819,906,1828,1852]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="527" unit="mm" value="0.2">0.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide), located adjacent (slightly perradial and adoral) to the inner tube foot in each ambulacral plate, from the apical system to the peristome (
|
||
<figureCitation id="37CD48E06D75FFF488C8F887FAED3A2D" box="[1222,1320,1863,1887]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1043,1066]" captionTargetBox="[369,1225,193,1030]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[369,1226,193,1031]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 5. Araeosoma bidentatum sp. nov., holotype, NIWA 23720. SEM images of appendages. A & B, valves of triphyllous pedicellariae; C & D, distal valve tips of dactylous pedicellariae; E, a sphaeridium; F & G, valves of bidentate pedicellariae; H & I, valves of large involute tridentate pedicellariae." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/219317/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="527">Figure 5</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="AF4954656D75FFF48CC9F8AAFE9F3AD6" blockId="6.[151,1437,1169,2025]" pageId="6" pageNumber="527">
|
||
<emphasis id="9D8288776D75FFF48CC9F8AAFEFB3AF3" box="[199,318,1898,1921]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="527">Size range</emphasis>
|
||
—The average test diameter of the
|
||
<specimenCount id="B9F09FEC6D75FFF48ED8F8A9FCAA3AF3" box="[726,879,1897,1921]" pageId="6" pageNumber="527" type="generic">16 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
measured was
|
||
<quantity id="680EF9806D75FFF4882FF8A9FBB13AF3" box="[1057,1140,1897,1921]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.8" pageId="6" pageNumber="527" unit="mm" value="98.0">98 mm</quantity>
|
||
, and the largest specimen was
|
||
<quantity id="680EF9806D75FFF48CC7F84CFEE33AD6" box="[201,294,1932,1956]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.38" pageId="6" pageNumber="527" unit="mm" value="138.0">138 mm</quantity>
|
||
TD.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="AF4954656D75FFF48CC9F870FDD03A9B" blockId="6.[151,1437,1169,2025]" pageId="6" pageNumber="527">
|
||
<emphasis id="9D8288776D75FFF48CC9F870FE8F3AB5" box="[199,330,1968,1991]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="527">Occurrence</emphasis>
|
||
—There have been 13 confirmed records of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="68F62FE66D75FFF48F45F86FFC2F3AB5" box="[843,1002,1967,1991]" class="Echinoidea" family="Echinothuriidae" genus="Araeosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echinothurioida" pageId="6" pageNumber="527" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="bidentatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="9D8288776D75FFF48F45F86FFC2F3AB5" box="[843,1002,1967,1991]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="527">A. bidentatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
since the first specimen was taken in 1987, representing 19 individuals.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="AF4954656D74FFF58CC9FF57FD343CF5" blockId="7.[151,1436,151,392]" pageId="7" pageNumber="528">
|
||
Seven of the records (representing eight specimens) are from the north and east Chatham Rise, with five of these (five specimens) taken from the Graveyard seamounts in the central north Chatham Rise (
|
||
<figureCitation id="37CD48E06D74FFF588B5FF7CFAD93DA6" box="[1211,1308,188,212]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1669,1692]" captionTargetBox="[256,1329,440,1628]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[241,1345,428,1664]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 6. Araeosoma bidentatum sp. nov. Distribution of confirmed records within the New Zealand region, from material examined. Number of records = 13. The dashed line is the 1000 m depth contour." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/219318/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="528">Figure 6</figureCitation>
|
||
). The other records are from the northern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="D7E114F56D74FFF58DE4FF1FFDA73D85" box="[490,610,223,247]" name="Australia" pageId="7" pageNumber="528">Macquarie</collectingCountry>
|
||
Ridge, south of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="D7E114F56D74FFF58F11FF20FC733D85" box="[799,950,223,247]" name="New Zealand" pageId="7" pageNumber="528">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
|
||
at about 50° S (the southernmost records), the northwest Challenger Plateau at about
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="CAC232A26D74FFF58E74FEC4FD0B3C6E" box="[634,718,260,284]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="528" precision="5555" value="-37.5">37.5° S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
(the northernmost record), the Ritchie Banks to the east of the North Island, and south of Tasmania (the westernmost record). Most, if not all, records are associated with seamount or ridge features and many were caught during commercial or research trawling for orange roughy (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="68F62FE66D74FFF58CAEFEB0FE6C3CFA" box="[160,425,368,392]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Trachichthyidae" genus="Hoplostethus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Beryciformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="528" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="atlanticus">
|
||
<emphasis id="9D8288776D74FFF58CAEFEB0FE6C3CFA" box="[160,425,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="528">Hoplostethus atlanticus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and oreos (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="68F62FE66D74FFF58E3AFEAFFD203CF5" box="[564,741,367,391]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Oreosomatidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Zeiformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="528" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Oreosomatidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="FB8904ED6D74FFF58C99F945FC0B3BC8" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/219318/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="528" targetBox="[256,1329,440,1628]" targetPageId="7">
|
||
<paragraph id="AF4954656D74FFF58C99F945FC0B3BC8" blockId="7.[151,1436,1669,1722]" pageId="7" pageNumber="528">
|
||
<emphasis id="9D8288776D74FFF58C99F945FED63BE8" bold="true" box="[151,275,1669,1692]" pageId="7" pageNumber="528">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="68F62FE66D74FFF58D15F946FDC23BE9" box="[283,519,1669,1691]" class="Echinoidea" family="Echinothuriidae" genus="Araeosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echinothurioida" pageId="7" pageNumber="528" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="bidentatum" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="9D8288776D74FFF58D15F946FDC23BE9" box="[283,519,1669,1691]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="528">Araeosoma bidentatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="86B1350C6D74FFF58E01F946FD9B3BE9" box="[527,606,1670,1691]" pageId="7" pageNumber="528" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
Distribution of confirmed records within the New Zealand region, from material examined. Number of records = 13. The dashed line is the 1000 m depth contour.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="AF4954656D74FFF58CC9F927FD593A18" blockId="7.[151,1436,1767,2007]" pageId="7" pageNumber="528">
|
||
The conservative depth range for the species is
|
||
<quantity id="680EF9806D74FFF58ED5F927FC9E3B8D" box="[731,859,1767,1791]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.75" metricValueMax="9.9" metricValueMin="9.6" pageId="7" pageNumber="528" unit="m" value="975.0" valueMax="990.0" valueMin="960.0">960–990 m</quantity>
|
||
, with a potential range of
|
||
<quantity id="680EF9806D74FFF5888EF927FAD53B8D" box="[1152,1296,1767,1791]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.2" metricValueMax="10.8" metricValueMin="7.6" pageId="7" pageNumber="528" unit="m" value="920.0" valueMax="1080.0" valueMin="760.0">760–1080 m</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="9D8288776D74FFF58CC9F8CBFEEC3A51" box="[199,297,1803,1827]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="528">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
—The plate structure and tuberculation patterns of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="68F62FE66D74FFF58F7EF8CBFBCA3A51" box="[880,1039,1803,1827]" class="Echinoidea" family="Echinothuriidae" genus="Araeosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echinothurioida" pageId="7" pageNumber="528" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="bidentatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="9D8288776D74FFF58F7EF8CBFBCA3A51" box="[880,1039,1803,1827]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="528">A. bidentatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are typical of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="68F62FE66D74FFF588B8F8CBFAF03A51" box="[1206,1333,1803,1827]" class="Echinoidea" family="Echinothuriidae" genus="Araeosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echinothurioida" pageId="7" pageNumber="528" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="9D8288776D74FFF588B8F8CBFAF03A51" box="[1206,1333,1803,1827]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="528">Araeosoma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, with no remarkable features and, in terms of the proportions of the test elements and placements of the tubercles, appear most similar
|
||
<taxonomicName id="68F62FE66D74FFF58D27F893FE093A19" box="[297,460,1875,1899]" class="Echinoidea" family="Echinothuriidae" genus="Araeosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echinothurioida" pageId="7" pageNumber="528" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="fenestratum">
|
||
<emphasis id="9D8288776D74FFF58D27F893FE093A19" box="[297,460,1875,1899]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="528">A. fenestratum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="68F62FE66D74FFF58E0DF893FD503A19" box="[515,661,1875,1899]" class="Echinoidea" family="Echinothuriidae" genus="Araeosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echinothurioida" pageId="7" pageNumber="528" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="violaceum">
|
||
<emphasis id="9D8288776D74FFF58E0DF893FD503A19" box="[515,661,1875,1899]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="528">A. violaceum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="AF4954656D74FFFA8CC9F8B7FBBF3D85" blockId="7.[151,1436,1767,2007]" lastBlockId="8.[151,1436,151,356]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="529" pageId="7" pageNumber="528">
|
||
The bidentate pedicellariae of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="68F62FE66D74FFF58E24F8B7FD0F3AFD" box="[554,714,1911,1935]" class="Echinoidea" family="Echinothuriidae" genus="Araeosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echinothurioida" pageId="7" pageNumber="528" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="bidentatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="9D8288776D74FFF58E24F8B7FD0F3AFD" box="[554,714,1911,1935]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="528">A. bidentatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are unique within the order
|
||
<taxonomicName id="68F62FE66D74FFF58813F8B7FB103AFD" box="[1053,1237,1911,1935]" class="Echinoidea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echinothurioida" pageId="7" pageNumber="528" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="order">Echinothurioida</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the three-valved form being otherwise the universal condition, and rarely seen in any group of regular echinoids. Although bidentate and bi-phyllous pedicellariae are common in clypeasteroids (especially
|
||
<taxonomicName id="68F62FE66D74FFF58FDFF87FFAEA3AA5" authority="Mortensen 1948" authorityName="Mortensen" authorityYear="1948" box="[977,1327,1983,2007]" class="Echinoidea" family="Scutellidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clypeasteroida" pageId="7" pageNumber="528" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">Scutellidae (Mortensen 1948))</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the only other regular echinoid to have them may be
|
||
<taxonomicName id="68F62FE66D7BFFFA8E90FF58FBBF3DDD" authority="Thomson, 1872" authorityName="Thomson" authorityYear="1872" box="[670,1146,151,176]" class="Echinoidea" family="Histocidaridae" genus="Poriocidaris" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cidaroida" pageId="8" pageNumber="529" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="purpurata">
|
||
<emphasis id="9D8288776D7BFFFA8E90FF58FC6D3DC2" box="[670,936,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="529">Poriocidaris purpurata</emphasis>
|
||
(Thomson, 1872)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, a widespread deepwater cidaroid also present in northern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="D7E114F56D7BFFFA8E29FF7DFD0D3DA6" box="[551,712,188,212]" name="New Zealand" pageId="8" pageNumber="529">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
|
||
. This characteristic pedicellaria, being quite common on the specimens examined, makes the species easy to distinguish with the aid of a microscope.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="AF4954656D7BFFFA8CC9FEC4FB183C16" blockId="8.[151,1436,151,356]" pageId="8" pageNumber="529">
|
||
The colouration of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="68F62FE66D7BFFFA8DACFEC4FD853C6E" box="[418,576,260,284]" class="Echinoidea" family="Echinothuriidae" genus="Araeosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echinothurioida" pageId="8" pageNumber="529" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="bidentatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="9D8288776D7BFFFA8DACFEC4FD853C6E" box="[418,576,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="529">A. bidentatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is also distinctive, and is retained in all preserved material. Other distinctly red echinothurioids;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="68F62FE66D7BFFFA8D73FEE8FD563C4D" authority="(Indonesia)" baseAuthorityName="Indonesia" box="[381,659,295,320]" class="Echinoidea" family="Echinothuriidae" genus="Araeosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echinothurioida" pageId="8" pageNumber="529" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="splendens">
|
||
<emphasis id="9D8288776D7BFFFA8D73FEE8FDCF3C32" box="[381,522,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="529">A. splendens</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingCountry id="D7E114F56D7BFFFA8E16FEE7FD4E3C4D" box="[536,651,295,319]" name="Indonesia" pageId="8" pageNumber="529">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="68F62FE66D7BFFFA8E90FEE8FD2B3C32" box="[670,750,296,320]" class="Echinoidea" family="Echinothuriidae" genus="Araeosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echinothurioida" pageId="8" pageNumber="529" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="belli">
|
||
<emphasis id="9D8288776D7BFFFA8E90FEE8FD2B3C32" box="[670,750,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="529">A. belli</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(West Indies), as well as the new species described below (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="68F62FE66D7BFFFA898AFEE8FF0B3C16" class="Echinoidea" family="Echinothuriidae" genus="Araeosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echinothurioida" pageId="8" pageNumber="529" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="tertii">
|
||
<emphasis id="9D8288776D7BFFFA898AFEE8FF0B3C16" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="529">A. tertii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="68F62FE66D7BFFFA8D0AFE8CFE3E3C16" box="[260,507,332,356]" class="Echinoidea" family="Echinothuriidae" genus="Hapalosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echinothurioida" pageId="8" pageNumber="529" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="amynina">
|
||
<emphasis id="9D8288776D7BFFFA8D0AFE8CFE3E3C16" box="[260,507,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="529">Hapalosoma amynina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) can be differentiated by their pedicellariae and peristome colour.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |