305 lines
34 KiB
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305 lines
34 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.680.11162" ID-GBIF-Dataset="499fec91-6742-4325-bd69-a31ea0758d25" ID-PMC="PMC5523381" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-680-73" ID-PubMed="28769717" ID-ZBK="A59AF4C72C3040CCB7DDACADA007A005" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2017" ModsDocID="1313-2970-680-73" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 680" ModsDocTitle="An elusive Neotropical giant, Hondurantemnachespiritoi gen. n. & sp. n. (Antemninae, Mantidae): a new lineage of mantises exhibiting an ontogenetic change in cryptic strategy" checkinTime="1502744619310" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Rodrigues, Henrique M., Rivera, Julio, Reid, Neil & Svenson, Gavin J." docDate="2017" docId="12C77029E479A6B7C41D7BD179AEE852" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 680: 73-104" docOrigin="ZooKeys 680" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.680.11162" docTitle="Hondurantemna chespiritoi Rodrigues, Rivera, Reid & Svenson, 2017, sp. n." docType="treatment" docUuid="08043DE8-6E08-4930-BC22-288FA7C6386B" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="81" masterDocId="FFED31563410FFADFF916F33FFFCFFF6" masterDocTitle="An elusive Neotropical giant, Hondurantemnachespiritoi gen. n. & sp. n. (Antemninae, Mantidae): a new lineage of mantises exhibiting an ontogenetic change in cryptic strategy" masterLastPageNumber="104" masterPageNumber="73" pageNumber="73" updateTime="1668164551696" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>An elusive Neotropical giant, Hondurantemnachespiritoi gen. n. & sp. n. (Antemninae, Mantidae): a new lineage of mantises exhibiting an ontogenetic change in cryptic strategy</mods:title>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Rodrigues, Henrique M.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Rivera, Julio</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Reid, Neil</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Svenson, Gavin J.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2017</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>680</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>73</mods:start>
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<mods:end>104</mods:end>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.680.11162</mods:url>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.680.11162</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-680-73</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">A59AF4C72C3040CCB7DDACADA007A005</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="132649421" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:08043DE8-6E08-4930-BC22-288FA7C6386B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/12C77029E479A6B7C41D7BD179AEE852" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="81" pageId="0" pageNumber="73">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="73" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="73">
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/08043DE8-6E08-4930-BC22-288FA7C6386B" class="Insecta" family="Mantidae" genus="Hondurantemna" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hondurantemna chespiritoi" order="Mantodea" pageId="0" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chespiritoi">Hondurantemna chespiritoi</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="73">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="73" type="type-specimens">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="73">Type-specimens.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="73">
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Holotype. 1 ♂ Mexico, Chiapas, Municipio de La Trinitaria, Lagunas de Monte Bello National Park, bellow Dos Lagos on rd. to Santa Elena, 1219m, 14.x.1981, D.E. & P.M. Breedlove (CAS). Allotype. 1 ♀ Honduras, Cortes 18km O. San Pedro Sula, Cra. El Merendon, 1650m, vii.1995, T. Porion A. Grange (MNHN). Paratypes. Adults: 1♀ Honduras, Cortez, San Pedro Sula, Cusuco National Park, Base Camp, 15.4964 -88.2119, 27.vii.2015, N. Reid col. GD0073, MN758; 1♀ Honduras, Cortez, San Pedro Sula, Cusuco National Park, Base Camp, 15.4964 -88.2119, 31.vii.2015, N. Reid col. GD0072.
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<taxonomicName genus="Immatures" lsidName="Immatures" pageId="0" pageNumber="73" rank="genus">Immatures</taxonomicName>
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: 1♀ Honduras, Cortez, San Pedro Sula, Cusuco National Park, Santo Tomas, 15.5611 -88.2974, 21.vii.2015, N. Reid col.; 1♂ Honduras, Cortez, San Pedro Sula, Capuca, 15.5031 -88.2222, 17.vi.2015, N. Reid col.; 1♂ 6♀ Honduras, Cortez, San Pedro Sula, Cusuco National Park, Base Camp, low vegetation, 15.4964 -88.2119, 09.vi.2015, N. Reid col.; 1♂ Honduras, Cortez, San Pedro Sula, Cusuco National Park, Base Camp, low vegetation, 15.4964 -88.2119, 09.vi.2015, N. Reid col., MN757; 2♀ Honduras, Cortez, San Pedro Sula, Cusuco National Park, Base Camp, 15.4964 -88.2119, 17.vi.2015, N. Reid col.; 1♀Honduras, Cortez, San Pedro Sula, Cusuco National Park, Base Camp, 15.4964 -88.2119, 17.vi.2015, N. Reid col., MN759; 1♀ Honduras, Cortez, San Pedro Sula, Cusuco National Park, Base Camp, 15.4964 -88.2119, 26.vii.2015, N. Reid col.; 2♀ Honduras, Cortez, San Pedro Sula, Cusuco National Park, Base Camp, 15.4964 -88.2119,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="vi–vii">vi-vii</normalizedToken>
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.2015, N. Reid col. (all paratypes are accessioned at CLEV).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="81" pageId="0" pageNumber="73" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="73">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="73">Male: Medium sized. General coloration light brown with dark brown spots (Fig. 2A, B). Body length: 34.2; prozona length: 2.9; metazona length: 5.9; prothorax width: 3.8; forewing length: 21.9; hindwing length: 18.1; forecoxa length: 7.2; forecoxa width: 1.9; forefemur length: 8.8; forefemur width: 2.4; foretibia length: 5.0; mesofemur length: 12.0; midleg metatarsus length: 1.8; metafemur length: 15.3; hindleg metatarsus length: 2.5; metazona length/prozona length: 2.0; pronotum length/width: 2.3; pronotum length/forecoxa length: 1.2; forefemur length/width: 3.6.</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="0" pageNumber="73">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="73">
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Figure 2. Dorsal and ventral habitus of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mantidae" genus="Hondurantemna" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hondurantemna chespiritoi" order="Mantodea" pageId="0" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chespiritoi">Hondurantemna chespiritoi</taxonomicName>
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gen. n. sp. n., A dorsal habitus of the male B ventral habitus of the male C dorsal habitus of the female D ventral habitus of the female. Scale bar = 10mm.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="73">
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Head (Fig. 3A): Rounded eyes. Vertex with dark brown spots, straight, on the same level as the imaginary line connecting the dorsal margin of compound eyes, and separated from the ocelli by two lateral keels and a central depression, the latter bearing the medial ocellar process with a rounded apex. Juxtaocular bulges not developed, on the same level as the vertex. Ocelli medium sized, arranged in the shape of a
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<normalizedToken originalValue="“V”">"V"</normalizedToken>
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, with the two lateral ocelli further away from each other due to the central depression. Scape and pedicel light brown, flagellomeres of antennae filiform, dark brown. One small tubercle between the eye and the antennal socket. Lower frons subpentagonal, almost as high as wide, bearing two small tubercles, upper margin arcuate, sinuous, the apex straight. Clypeus with a vertical central keel on the lower half. Maxillary palps with black spots on the medial surface, progressively larger towards the apical segments. Labial palps black on the medial surface of all segments.
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="0" pageNumber="73">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="73">
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Figure 3. Frontal view of the head of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mantidae" genus="Hondurantemna" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hondurantemna chespiritoi" order="Mantodea" pageId="0" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chespiritoi">Hondurantemna chespiritoi</taxonomicName>
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gen. n. sp. n. A male B female. Scale bar = 2mm.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph lastPageId="1" lastPageNumber="74" pageId="0" pageNumber="73">
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Thorax (Fig. 4A): General shape cruciform, with the supracoxal dilation pronounced and rounded, metazona two times longer than the prozona. Margins of the prozona convergent anteriorly, ciliated, posteriorly slightly expanded, produced as flat projections, herein called shelves. Margins of the metazona also slightly produced in shelves, ciliated, with small tubercles, almost all of which are black, the anterior part of the metazona with symmetrical depressions on the dorsal surface. Cervix framed by lateral and intercervical sclerites, two ventral sclerites present; the intercervical sclerites
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<pageBreakToken pageId="1" pageNumber="74" start="start">with</pageBreakToken>
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a pronounced torus intercervicalis, the first ventral cervical sclerite constricted in the middle (Fig. 5). Metathoracic hearing organ with deep groove, without knobs (DNK type) (see Yager and Svenson, 2008).
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="1" pageNumber="74">
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="74">
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Figure 4. Dorsal view of the prothorax of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mantidae" genus="Hondurantemna" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hondurantemna chespiritoi" order="Mantodea" pageId="1" pageNumber="74" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chespiritoi">Hondurantemna chespiritoi</taxonomicName>
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gen. n. sp. n. A male B female. Scale bar = 5mm.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption pageId="1" pageNumber="74">
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="74">
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Figure 5. Ventral view of the cervical region of male
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mantidae" genus="Hondurantemna" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hondurantemna chespiritoi" order="Mantodea" pageId="1" pageNumber="74" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chespiritoi">Hondurantemna chespiritoi</taxonomicName>
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gen. n. sp. n. Scale bar = 1mm.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="76" pageId="1" pageNumber="74">
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Prothoracic legs: Forecoxae (Fig. 6A) triangular in cross-section, light brown except for the dorsal apical lobe, which is dark brown; posteroventral margin with dispersed tubercles, anteroventral margin with small tubercles bearing slender setae, dorsal margin bearing five large spines and smaller spines between them, the former dark brown on the posterior surface and black on the anterior surface and around the base; ante
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<pageBreakToken pageId="2" pageNumber="75" start="start">rior</pageBreakToken>
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apical lobes divergent. Forefemora (Fig. 7A) light brown with three dark brown spots on the dorsal area of the anterior surface, dorsal margin regularly convex, slightly compressed anteroposteriorly; F=4DS/15AvS/5PvS; crenulation between posteroven
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<pageBreakToken pageId="3" pageNumber="76" start="start">tral</pageBreakToken>
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spines II, III and IV; all discoidal spines black on the anterior surface, the first spine with a dark spot on its base; all the large anteroventral spines black on the inner surface with a dark spot on their bases, a dark spot on the anterior surface above the first two spines; genicular spine developed on both sides of the femora; spur sulcus located in the proximal quarter of the femora; femoral brush extending from the 13th anteroventral spine to beyond the most distal. Foretibiae (Fig. 8A) light brown; T= 12
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<normalizedToken originalValue="–13AvS/12–">-13AvS/12-</normalizedToken>
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13PvS. Foretarsi light brown, with an anterior-basal dark brown spot on the first tarsomere and dark brown anterior-apical spots on tarsomeres
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<normalizedToken originalValue="I–III">I-III</normalizedToken>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="3" pageNumber="76">
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="76">
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Figure 6. Anterior view of the forecoxa of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mantidae" genus="Hondurantemna" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hondurantemna chespiritoi" order="Mantodea" pageId="3" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chespiritoi">Hondurantemna chespiritoi</taxonomicName>
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gen. n. sp. n. A male B female. Scale bar = 2mm.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption pageId="3" pageNumber="76">
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="76">
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Figure 7. Anterior view of the forefemur of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mantidae" genus="Hondurantemna" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hondurantemna chespiritoi" order="Mantodea" pageId="3" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chespiritoi">Hondurantemna chespiritoi</taxonomicName>
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gen. n. sp. n. A male B female. Scale bar = 2mm.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption pageId="3" pageNumber="76">
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="76">
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Figure 8. Anterior view of the foretibia of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mantidae" genus="Hondurantemna" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hondurantemna chespiritoi" order="Mantodea" pageId="3" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chespiritoi">Hondurantemna chespiritoi</taxonomicName>
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gen. n. sp. n. A male B female. Scale bar = 2mm.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="77" pageId="3" pageNumber="76">
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Wings: Forewings reaching the apex of the abdomen, costal area with a sinuous margin, reticulate veins, opaque green; discoidal area mostly hyaline, with an anterior area smoky green and all the veins and crossveins opaque green. Hindwings shorter
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<pageBreakToken pageId="4" pageNumber="77" start="start">than</pageBreakToken>
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the forewings, not reaching the apex of the abdomen; hyaline with brown-red veins and crossveins (Fig. 2A, B).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="77">Meso- and metathoracic legs: Coxa with two strong keels, one anterodorsal and the other posterodorsal. Trochanter with a notch on apical ventral margin, bearing a spine on the articulation with the femora (Fig. 9). Femora smooth except for one keel that runs along the posteroventral margin and originates one single subapical lobe (Fig. 10A); one genicular spine present on the anterior surface. Tibiae smooth, circular in cross-section with two genicular spines. Tarsi with metatarsomeres shorter than other tarsomeres together.</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="4" pageNumber="77">
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="77">Figure 9. Anterior view of the mesotrochanter and mesofemur of an adult male, arrow showing the spine on the articulation between the trochanter and the femur. Scale bar = 1mm.</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption pageId="4" pageNumber="77">
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="77">
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Figure 10. Apex of the hindfemur of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mantidae" genus="Hondurantemna" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hondurantemna chespiritoi" order="Mantodea" pageId="4" pageNumber="77" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chespiritoi">Hondurantemna chespiritoi</taxonomicName>
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gen. n. sp. n. A male B female. Scale bar = 1mm.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="77">
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Abdomen: With black spots on the sides of tergites
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<normalizedToken originalValue="II–V">II-V</normalizedToken>
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and
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<normalizedToken originalValue="VII–IX">VII-IX</normalizedToken>
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, and a black stripe on tergites
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<normalizedToken originalValue="VI–VII">VI-VII</normalizedToken>
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. Slightly dorsoventrally compressed, with apical lobes on sternites
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<normalizedToken originalValue="IV–VI">IV-VI</normalizedToken>
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, more developed on segments V and VI, the lobes flat against the body (Fig. 11). Supra-anal plate triangular, wider than long, posterior margin arcuate. Cerci elongated but not reaching the apex of subgenital plate, the latter almost as wide as long, flat between styli.
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="4" pageNumber="77">
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="77">
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Figure 11. Close up of the ventral side of the abdomen of an adult male of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mantidae" genus="Hondurantemna" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hondurantemna chespiritoi" order="Mantodea" pageId="4" pageNumber="77" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chespiritoi">Hondurantemna chespiritoi</taxonomicName>
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gen. n. sp. n., arrows indicate the ventral lobes. Scale bar = 2mm.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="78">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="5" pageNumber="78" start="start">Genitalia</pageBreakToken>
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: Left phallomere - Sclerite L4B roughly rectangular, longer than wide, left margin projected anteriorly; apofisi falloide (afa) with the anterior part bearing small spines and extremely elongate, projecting dorso-posteriorly, posterior part also elongated, curved towards the left, tapering distally and bearing small spines at the apex; lobo membranoso (loa) elongate, without projections, glabrous; processo apical (paa) elongate, slightly flattened, curved 30° to the left, apex curved anteriorly; sclerite L4A roughly circular, without projections other than the processo distal (pda); pda elongate, curved to the right, uniformly broad, tapering at the distal third, ending in a strongly sclerotized spine (Fig. 12). Right phallomere - roughly triangular, rounded posterior apex; right arm elongate, slender, without projections; anterior process elongate and slender; apodema anterior (aa) oval and slender; processo ventrale (pva) elongate, smooth, apex rounded and well sclerotized; piastra ventrale (pia) elongate, well sclerotized, with
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<normalizedToken originalValue="“U”">"U"</normalizedToken>
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shaped striations (Fig. 13).
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="5" pageNumber="78">
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="78">
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Figure 12. Left phallomere complex of the male genitalia of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mantidae" genus="Hondurantemna" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hondurantemna chespiritoi" order="Mantodea" pageId="5" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chespiritoi">Hondurantemna chespiritoi</taxonomicName>
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gen. n. sp. n., afa (apofisi falloide), loa (lobo membranoso), paa (processo apicale), pda (processo distale). A dorsal view B- ventral view. Scale bar = 1mm.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption pageId="5" pageNumber="78">
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="78">
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Figure 13. Right phallomere of the male genitalia of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mantidae" genus="Hondurantemna" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hondurantemna chespiritoi" order="Mantodea" pageId="5" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chespiritoi">Hondurantemna chespiritoi</taxonomicName>
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gen. n. sp. n., aa (apodema anterior), pia (piastra ventrale), pva (processo ventrale). A dorsal view B ventral view. Scale bar = 1mm.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="79" pageId="5" pageNumber="78">
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Female: Medium to large sized. General coloration light green without any spots (Fig. 2C, 2D). Body length: 52.9-53.9; prozona length: 5.1-5.5; metazona length: 10.8-11.2; prothorax width: 6.7-7.0; forewing length: 29.4-31.6; hindwing length: 31.6-31.9; forecoxa length: 12.7-14.0; forecoxa width: 3.0-3.9; forefemur length: 15.6-16.0; forefemur width: 4.3-4.6; foretibia length: 8.5-8.9; mesofemur length: 12.0-12.4; metafemur: length 15.3-15.8; metazona length/prozona length: 2.0-2.1;
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<pageBreakToken pageId="6" pageNumber="79" start="start">pronotum</pageBreakToken>
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length/width: 2.4-2.5 pronotum length/forecoxa length: 1.2-1.3; forefemur length/width: 3.4-3.6.
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</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="79">Head (Fig. 3B): Vertex straight or slightly sinuous, raised above imaginary line connecting dorsal margins of the eyes, juxtaocular bulges slightly developed. Ocelli small, arranged in the shape of an arc. Scape, pedicel and first half of the flagellomeres of the antennae green, the second half of the flagellomeres dark brown. Lower frons bearing two small central tubercles, except in one of the specimens. Maxillary palps green, the last segment with black spot on the medial surface.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="79">Thorax (Fig. 4B): Supracoxal dilation pronounced and rounded. Margins of the prozona convergent, ciliated with small tubercles, produced in shelves. The posterior third of the metazona with a central keel. The first ventral cervical sclerite in one of the specimens constricted in the middle, in the other two specimens not constricted.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="80" pageId="6" pageNumber="79">
|
||
Prothoracic legs: Forecoxae (Fig. 6B) green, dorsal margin bearing six to eight large spines, dark brown on the anterior surface and around the base, apical lobes parallel. Forefemora (Fig. 7B) green, dorsal margin bearing small tubercles, regularly convex, slightly compressed anteroposteriorly; F=4DS/15AvS/5PvS; posteroventral spines with crenulation present after the second spine; the first discoidal spine black on the anterior surface, the other three dark brown; the first anteroventral spine and all the large anteroventral spines dark brown on the anterior surface, the large spines may
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="7" pageNumber="80" start="start">present</pageBreakToken>
|
||
a dark spot on their base. Foretibiae (Fig. 8B) green; T= 14AvS/13-14PvS. Foretarsi green, without dark spots.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="80">Wings: Forewings opaque green, costal area almost as wide as the discoidal area, the apex constricted, making the tegmina follow the abdomen contour, with 7-10 branches of the sub-costa vein, crossveins with a reticulate appearance; spot in the center of the discoidal area, composed of an anterior small crescent-shaped brown portion and a posterior round white portion; anal area smoky green. Hindwings as long as the tegmina, reaching the apex of the abdomen, apex of the discoidal area well developed, opaque green, the remainder of the hindwing hyaline (Fig. 2C, D).</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="80">Meso- and metathoracic legs: Femora with three keels, one runs along the posteroventral margin and originates one single subapical lobe (Fig. 10B), the second runs along the dorsoposterior margin and the third, less marked, runs along the dorsoanterior margin. Tibiae with two rows of aligned setae. Metatarsi with the metatarsomeres equal or slightly smaller than the other tarsomeres together.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="80">Abdomen: Without black spots. Slightly dorsoventrally compressed, without apical lobes on sternites. Cerci elongated, cercomeres cylindrical, except the last one, which is conical.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="80">Genitalia: Gonoplacs (gl) simple, bearing setae along the dorsal margin and the base, apex bearing a ventral projection. Gonapophysis IX (gp) mostly membranous, with two sclerotized ribbons, one elongate and tapering towards the apex of gp, the other shorter and occupying a medial projection of gp, this projection being rounded; gl and gp of almost the same length. Gonapophysis VIII (ga) bearing setae on the base, on the ventral surface and on the apex, a dorsal groove spanning the two basal thirds, ending in a pointed projection, the apex enlarged ventrally. Basivalvula (bv) with the lateral surface smooth, bearing a central depression, the medial surface rugose, with two projections, one central directed medially, the other more posterior, directed to the base of the ga. Interbasivalvula (ib) well sclerotized, rugose and shaped like a sectioned rhombus. Laterosternal shelves (ls) weakly sclerotized, roughly rhomboid, with short rounded posterior projections (Fig. 14).</paragraph>
|
||
<caption pageId="7" pageNumber="80">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="80">
|
||
Figure 14. Female genital complex of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mantidae" genus="Hondurantemna" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hondurantemna chespiritoi" order="Mantodea" pageId="7" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chespiritoi">Hondurantemna chespiritoi</taxonomicName>
|
||
gen. n. sp. n., bv (basivalvula), ga (gonapophysis VIII), gp (gonoplacs), ib (interbasivalvula), ls (laterosternal shelf). Scale bar = 1mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="80">Nymphs (unless specified, description applies to male and female nymphs of all instars): General coloration varies from entirely light brown to light brown mottled with dark brown.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="80">Head: Vertex higher than imaginary line connecting dorsal margin of the compound eyes, without lateral keels and a central depression but with the medial ocellar process. In female nymphs, the process becomes increasingly smaller during development, being absent on the instar before the final molt (Fig. 15). Juxtaocular bulges slightly developed. Ocelli small, underdeveloped. Lower frons mottled dark brown to completely light brown, with the upper margin not sinuous, tubercles light brown. Clypeus with a transversal keel on the middle, light brown or with the upper half mottled dark brown and the lower half light brown. Maxillary palps with segments I and II black on the medial surface, IV light brown to light brown with a dark brown spot, segment V light brown to completely dark brown. Labial palps segments black on the medial surface or completely dark brown.</paragraph>
|
||
<caption pageId="7" pageNumber="80">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="80">
|
||
Figure 15. Dorsolateral view of the head of female nymphs of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mantidae" genus="Hondurantemna" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hondurantemna chespiritoi" order="Mantodea" pageId="7" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chespiritoi">Hondurantemna chespiritoi</taxonomicName>
|
||
gen. n. sp. n. Black arrows point the medial ocellar process that degenerates during ontogenetic development, grey arrow points the region where the process stood. A early instar nymph B mid instar nymph C late instar nymph. Scale bars = 1mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="80">Thorax: The first ventral cervical sclerite may be split in two. Metathoracic hearing organ underdeveloped.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="80">
|
||
Prothoracic legs: Forecoxae light brown except for the lower apical lobe, which is dark brown. Dorsal margin bearing five to six large spines. Forefemora varying, light brown with three dark brown spots on the dorsal area of the anterior surface to dark brown with light brown spots; F=4DS/15AvS/5PvS; males without crenulation between posteroventral spines, females with crenulation; discoidal spines black on the anterior surface, the first spine presenting a dark spot on its base; the first anteroventral spine black, a dark spot on the anterior surface above the first two to four spines; femoral brush extending from the 12th anteroventral spine to the last, a dark spot may be present under the femoral brush. T=13
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="–14AvS/12–">-14AvS/12-</normalizedToken>
|
||
14PvS. Foretarsi with an anterior-basal dark brown spot on the first tarsomere and dark brown anterior-apical spots on all tarsomeres.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="80">Meso- and metathoracic legs: Femora with three keels, one runs along the posteroventral margin and originates one single subapical lobe, the second runs along the dorsoposterior margin and the third, less marked, runs along the dorsoanterior margin, the keels on the youngest female nymphs are expanded into shelves (Fig. 16A). Metatarsi with the metatarsomeres equal or slightly smaller than the other tarsomeres together.</paragraph>
|
||
<caption pageId="7" pageNumber="80">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="80">
|
||
Figure 16. Anteroventral view of the femur of female nymphs of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mantidae" genus="Hondurantemna" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hondurantemna chespiritoi" order="Mantodea" pageId="7" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chespiritoi">Hondurantemna chespiritoi</taxonomicName>
|
||
gen. n. sp. n. with arrows showing the end of the expansion of the carina. A early instar nymph B late instar nymph. Scale bars = 1mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="81">
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="8" pageNumber="81" start="start">Abdomen</pageBreakToken>
|
||
: Without black spots or bands on the tergites. Not dorsoventrally compressed, on males apical lobes present on sternites
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="IV–VI">IV-VI</normalizedToken>
|
||
, lobe on segment V more developed, the lobes pointing down instead of being held against the body (Fig. 17), on females, lobes absent. Supra-anal plate triangular, almost as long as wide, posterior margin arcuate. Cerci short, styli developed on males, absent on females.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption pageId="8" pageNumber="81">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="81">
|
||
Figure 17. Lateral view of the abdomen of a male nymph of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mantidae" genus="Hondurantemna" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hondurantemna chespiritoi" order="Mantodea" pageId="8" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chespiritoi">Hondurantemna chespiritoi</taxonomicName>
|
||
gen. n. sp. n., arrows indicate the ventral lobes. Scale bar = 1mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption pageId="8" pageNumber="81">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="81">
|
||
Figure 18. Living specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mantidae" genus="Hondurantemna" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hondurantemna chespiritoi" order="Mantodea" pageId="8" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chespiritoi">Hondurantemna chespiritoi</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="A–C">A-C</normalizedToken>
|
||
nymph females
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="D–F">D-F</normalizedToken>
|
||
adult females. Female in F is showing deimatic display. Credits:
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="A–B">A-B</normalizedToken>
|
||
by Andrew Snyder,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="C–F">C-F</normalizedToken>
|
||
by Ethan Staats.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="8" pageNumber="81" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="81">Distribution and habitat.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="81">
|
||
The Lagunas de Montebello National Park, Mexico, from which the holotype was collected, is ca. 6,500 hectares located on the high plains of Chiapas, with an altitude between 1,200 and 1,800 meters above sea level (UNESCO: Lagunas de Montebello http://www.unesco.org/mabdb/br/brdir/directory/biores.asp?mode=gen&code=MEX+37). The predominant vegetation is Central American pine-oak forest over a highly rugged terrain. The Sierra del
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Merendón">Merendon</normalizedToken>
|
||
, from which the allotype and paratypes were collected, is a mountain range extending from northwest Honduras into southeast Guatemala bordered by the Lempa and Motagua River valleys. The size of the region and its typographical complexity supports four principal forest ecotypes; 1) tropical lowland dry forest, 2) tropical moist forest, 3) montane cloud forest (above 1,200m) and 4) the Bosque Enano or 'dwarf
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="forest’">forest'</normalizedToken>
|
||
occurring at the highest elevations (above 2,000m). The Parque Nacional Cusuco, surrounding
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Montaña">Montana</normalizedToken>
|
||
San Ildefonso (also known as Cerro Jilinco), from which the paratypes were collected, is located within the Sierra del
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Merendón">Merendon</normalizedToken>
|
||
, and is a protected area of 23,440 hectares (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Slater, K" journalOrPublisher="The Quarterly Review of Biology" pageId="15" pageNumber="88" title="Cusuco National Park - 2011 status report" url="http://opwall.com/wp-content/uploads/2011-Cusuco-Status-Report.pdf" year="2011">Slater et al. 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The vegetation is mostly montane secondary broad-leaved forest interspersed with pines, which dominate steeper slopes with palms or bamboo thickets along elevated ridges and tree ferns at lower altitudes (NR, pers. comm.). All nymph specimens were collected in small clearings on low vegetation, usually in the early morning when individuals were found commonly at the apex of herbaceous plants ca. 1-2m tall often hanging upside-down on the underside of a leaf or branch.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="8" pageNumber="81" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="81">Etymology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="81">
|
||
A name in the genitive case, this species is named after
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="“Chespirito”">"Chespirito"</normalizedToken>
|
||
, the screen name of famous late Mexican TV comedian Roberto Gomez
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Bolaños">Bolanos</normalizedToken>
|
||
. Chespirito created and portrayed several characters cherished across Latin America, including "El Chavo del Ocho" and "El
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Chapulín">Chapulin</normalizedToken>
|
||
Colorado", the latter a sort of superhero whose outfit was inspired by grasshoppers or
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="“chapulines”">"chapulines"</normalizedToken>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |