311 lines
38 KiB
XML
311 lines
38 KiB
XML
<document id="7FB3A9DBA2E6F02DC703292F0FB9B8C1" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.179852" ID-GBIF-Dataset="1a7bd113-0271-4abb-b85c-637bab541d09" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="179852" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460004607465" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Rowe, Chad L., Adamowicz, Sarah J. & Hebert, Paul D. N." docDate="2007" docId="03F8375C9D38FF82FF33A329FD30C571" docLanguage="en" docName="zt01656p049.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1656" docStyle="DocumentStyle:6581673A57F01A3145754A1E615EDFF0.4:Zootaxa.2007-2008.journal_article" docStyleId="6581673A57F01A3145754A1E615EDFF0" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2007-2008.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Holopedium glacialis Rowe, Adamowicz & Hebert, 2007, n. sp." docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="30" masterDocId="FFC14F249D23FF9FFFA4A10EFFC4C76B" masterDocTitle="Three new cryptic species of the freshwater zooplankton genus Holopedium (Crustacea: Branchiopoda: Ctenopoda), revealed by genetic methods" masterLastPageNumber="49" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="28" updateTime="1698233193010" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:titleInfo id="97492C659083C570C895D37A277ED84A">
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<mods:title id="3B0C6CF5FA40528633E96E6AB55CA483">Three new cryptic species of the freshwater zooplankton genus Holopedium (Crustacea: Branchiopoda: Ctenopoda), revealed by genetic methods</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="DD20A18AD0CAE719D8FE217DDC22A39C" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="F07CF0C263655611D3EEE6D8C3DA7D22">Rowe, Chad L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="F23BB1570FE69C805B95BAC616BFCB30">Adamowicz, Sarah J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="370D3F94FFE4103F7FC28DBC550275A8">Hebert, Paul D. N.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="DEA355FAA048888AFA52C60B584F8AB2">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="F343C4626166F7EFBC19FD37F9B8C921">2007</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="742E903E1FF0C8511C52EB796AD90AAB">1656</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="860153DDA1D79614053A46FC32205C1F">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="9947141DEF8ADB745B88E123D388E2C0" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.179852</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03F8375C9D38FF82FF33A329FD30C571" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5614578" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119380877" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5614578" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F8375C9D38FF82FF33A329FD30C571" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F8375C9D38FF82FF33A329FD30C571" lastPageId="29" lastPageNumber="30" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
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<subSubSection id="C34BD5C19D38FF84FF33A329FF23C5C2" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BEE864A9D38FF84FF33A329FE27C52A" blockId="27.[151,483,551,577]" box="[151,483,551,577]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
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<heading id="D0A631269D38FF84FF33A329FE27C52A" bold="true" box="[151,483,551,577]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B9255A589D38FF84FF33A329FE27C52A" bold="true" box="[151,483,551,577]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
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<taxonomicName id="4C51FDC99D38FF84FF33A329FE5DC52A" ID-CoL="3M9C4" box="[151,409,551,577]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Holopediidae" genus="Holopedium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="glacialis" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B9255A589D38FF84FF33A329FE5DC52A" bold="true" box="[151,409,551,577]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Holopedium glacialis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A216E7239D38FF84FE04A329FE27C52A" box="[416,483,551,577]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BEE864A9D38FF84FF33A37CFF23C5C2" blockId="27.[151,1436,626,937]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
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<emphasis id="B9255A589D38FF84FF33A37CFEC9C5E1" bold="true" box="[151,269,626,650]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Synonymy</emphasis>
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||
. All previous descriptions of
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<taxonomicName id="4C51FDC99D38FF84FDEEA37CFD15C5E2" box="[586,721,626,649]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Holopediidae" genus="Holopedium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gibberum">
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<emphasis id="B9255A589D38FF84FDEEA37CFD15C5E2" box="[586,721,626,649]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">H. gibberum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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from temperate North
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<collectingCountry id="F346C6DA9D38FF84FC63A37CFBE7C5E2" box="[967,1059,626,649]" name="United States of America" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">America</collectingCountry>
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are properly assigned to
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<taxonomicName id="4C51FDC99D38FF84FA94A37CFF24C5C2" class="Branchiopoda" family="Holopediidae" genus="Holopedium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="glacialis">
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<emphasis id="B9255A589D38FF84FA94A37CFF24C5C2" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">H. glacialis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C34BD5C19D38FF84FF33A3BCFDA7C4C2" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BEE864A9D38FF84FF33A3BCFD4DC5A2" blockId="27.[151,1436,626,937]" box="[151,649,690,713]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC0FBBB9D38FF84FF33A3BCFEF5C5A2" author="Forbes" box="[151,305,690,713]" pageId="27" pageNumber="40" refString="Forbes, S. A. (1882) On some Entomostraca of Lake Michigan and adjacent waters. American Naturalist, 16, 536 - 542." type="journal article" year="1882">Forbes (1882)</bibRefCitation>
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: 641–642, Plate IX, Figs. 12–15
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BEE864A9D38FF84FF33A3DCFDFFC582" blockId="27.[151,1436,626,937]" box="[151,571,722,745]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC0FBBB9D38FF84FF33A3DCFEFEC582" author="Herrick" box="[151,314,722,745]" pageId="27" pageNumber="40" refString="Herrick, C. L. (1884) A final report on the Crustacea of Minnesota included in the orders Cladocera and Copepoda. Geological and Natural History Survey of Minnesota, Report, 1 - 191." type="book chapter" year="1884">Herrick (1884)</bibRefCitation>
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: 22–23, Plate N, Fig. 11
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BEE864A9D38FF84FF33A3FCFDE6C462" blockId="27.[151,1436,626,937]" box="[151,546,754,777]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC0FBBB9D38FF84FF33A3FCFEE7C462" author="Birge" box="[151,291,754,777]" pageId="27" pageNumber="39" refString="Birge, E. A. (1918) The water fleas (Cladocera). In: Ward, H. B. & Whipple, G. C. (Eds.), Fresh-water Biology, 1 st ed. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, 676 - 750." type="book chapter" year="1918">Birge (1918)</bibRefCitation>
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: 693, Figs. 1060, 1061a
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BEE864A9D38FF84FF33A21CFDC8C442" blockId="27.[151,1436,626,937]" box="[151,524,786,809]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC0FBBB9D38FF84FF33A21CFEF1C442" author="Brooks" box="[151,309,786,809]" pageId="27" pageNumber="39" refString="Brooks, J. L. (1959) Cladocera. In: Edmondson, W. T. (Ed.), Fresh-water Biology, 2 nd ed. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, 587 - 656." type="book chapter" year="1959">Brooks (1959)</bibRefCitation>
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: 603, Figs. 27.12a,b
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BEE864A9D38FF84FF33A23CFDEBC422" blockId="27.[151,1436,626,937]" box="[151,559,818,841]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC0FBBB9D38FF84FF33A23CFEF2C422" author="Pennak" box="[151,310,818,841]" pageId="27" pageNumber="41" refString="Pennak, R. W. (1953) Cladocera (Water Fleas). In: Pennak, R. W. (Ed.), Fresh-Water Invertebrates of the United States, 1 st ed., Ronald Press Company, New York. Chapter 16." type="book" year="1953">Pennak (1953)</bibRefCitation>
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: 364–365, Figs. 227a,b
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BEE864A9D38FF84FF33A25CFDEBC402" blockId="27.[151,1436,626,937]" box="[151,559,850,873]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC0FBBB9D38FF84FF33A25CFEF3C402" author="Pennak" box="[151,311,850,873]" pageId="27" pageNumber="41" refString="Pennak, R. W. (1978) Cladocera (Water Fleas). In: Pennak, R. W. (Ed.), Fresh-Water Invertebrates of the United States, 2 nd ed., John Wiley & Sons, New York. Chapter 16." type="book" year="1978">Pennak (1978)</bibRefCitation>
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: 365–366, Figs. 254a,b
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BEE864A9D38FF84FF33A27CFDE6C4E2" blockId="27.[151,1436,626,937]" box="[151,546,882,905]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC0FBBB9D38FF84FF33A27CFEF3C4E2" author="Pennak" box="[151,311,882,905]" pageId="27" pageNumber="41" refString="Pennak, R. W. (1989) Cladocera (Water Fleas). In: Pennak, R. W. (Ed.), Fresh-Water Invertebrates of the United States. Protozoa to Mollusca, 3 rd ed., John Wiley & Sons, New York. Chapter 16." type="book" year="1989">Pennak (1989)</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 386–387, Figs. 12a,b
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</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BEE864A9D38FF84FF33A29CFDA7C4C2" blockId="27.[151,1436,626,937]" box="[151,611,914,937]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC0FBBB9D38FF84FF33A29CFE4AC4C2" author="Dodson" box="[151,398,914,937]" pageId="27" pageNumber="40" refString="Dodson, S. I. & Frey, D. G. (1991) Cladocera and other Branchiopoda. In: Thorpe, J. H. & Covich, A. P. (Eds.), Ecology and Classification of North American Freshwater Invertebrates. Academic Press, Inc., Toronto, 723 - 786." type="book chapter" year="1991">Dodson & Frey (1991)</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 746–747, Fig. 20.7
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C34BD5C19D38FF84FF33A2D4FE1FC377" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="8BEE864A9D38FF84FF33A2D4FE1FC377" blockId="27.[151,1436,986,2012]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
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<emphasis id="B9255A589D38FF84FF33A2D4FEE7C49F" bold="true" box="[151,291,986,1012]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Etymology.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C51FDC99D38FF84FE8FA2D4FE54C498" box="[299,400,986,1011]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Holopediidae" genus="Holopedium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="glacialis">
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<emphasis id="B9255A589D38FF84FE8FA2D4FE54C498" box="[299,400,986,1011]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">glacialis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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refers to the near restriction of this species to regions of North
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<collectingCountry id="F346C6DA9D38FF84FBDDA2D4FB1AC49F" box="[1145,1246,986,1012]" name="United States of America" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">America</collectingCountry>
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that were glaciated during the Pleistocene.
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C34BD5C19D38FF84FF63A524FD25C1F7" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BEE864A9D38FF84FF63A524FBBEC307" blockId="27.[151,1436,986,2012]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
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||
<emphasis id="B9255A589D38FF84FF63A524FEA8C32F" bold="true" box="[199,364,1066,1092]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
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<typeStatus id="54EA38E89D38FF84FF63A524FEC0C32F" box="[199,260,1066,1092]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Type</typeStatus>
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locality.
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</emphasis>
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Wren Lake, Ontario (
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<geoCoordinate id="EE65E08D9D38FF84FDC8A524FD23C32F" box="[620,743,1066,1092]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" precision="55" value="45.183">45.183º N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE65E08D9D38FF84FD56A524FCB7C32F" box="[754,883,1066,1092]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" precision="55" value="-78.866">78.866º W</geoCoordinate>
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). This lake is situated near Carnarvon, Ontario, approximately
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<quantity id="4CA92BAF9D38FF84FEE3A55CFE46C307" box="[327,386,1106,1132]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" unit="km" value="3.0">3 km</quantity>
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past the Leslie M. Frost Natural Resources Centre on Hwy
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<specimenCount id="9D574DC39D38FF84FBE4A55CFBBEC307" box="[1088,1146,1106,1132]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="generic">35N.</specimenCount>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BEE864A9D38FF84FF63A574FCEAC3D7" blockId="27.[151,1436,986,2012]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
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<emphasis id="B9255A589D38FF84FF63A574FDC8C3FF" bold="true" box="[199,524,1146,1172]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54EA38E89D38FF84FF63A574FEC0C3FF" box="[199,260,1146,1172]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Type</typeStatus>
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||
specimens.
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<typeStatus id="54EA38E89D38FF84FE3EA574FDC8C3FF" box="[410,524,1146,1172]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
</emphasis>
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||
: an ovigerous female in ethanol deposited in the
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||
<collectionCode id="ED401E8F9D38FF84FBF5A574FB50C3FF" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34935" box="[1105,1172,1146,1172]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34935" name="Canadian Museum of Nature" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">CMN</collectionCode>
|
||
under accession number
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED401E8F9D38FF84FF67A5ACFEDEC3D7" box="[195,282,1186,1212]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">CMNC</collectionCode>
|
||
2007-0745 (collection date
|
||
<date id="FFEFA08A9D38FF84FDC0A5ACFCE6C3D7" box="[612,802,1186,1212]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" value="2007-09-29">Sept. 29th 2007</date>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BEE864A9D38FF84FF63A5C4FB56C267" blockId="27.[151,1436,986,2012]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9255A589D38FF84FF63A5C4FE80C38F" bold="true" box="[199,324,1226,1252]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54EA38E89D38FF84FF63A5C4FE80C38F" box="[199,324,1226,1252]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
</emphasis>
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||
: Twenty ovigerous females, also from Wren Lake, Ontario, preserved in ethanol, deposited in the
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED401E8F9D38FF84FF66A5FCFEC1C267" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34935" box="[194,261,1266,1292]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34935" name="Canadian Museum of Nature" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">CMN</collectionCode>
|
||
under accession number
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED401E8F9D38FF84FD8AA5FCFD41C267" box="[558,645,1266,1292]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">CMNC</collectionCode>
|
||
2007-0746(collection date
|
||
<date id="FFEFA08A9D38FF84FC6CA5FCFB41C267" box="[968,1157,1266,1292]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" value="2007-09-29">Sept. 29th 2007</date>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEE864A9D38FF84FF63A414FBA6C25F" blockId="27.[151,1436,986,2012]" box="[199,1122,1306,1332]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9255A589D38FF84FF63A414FE7FC25F" bold="true" box="[199,443,1306,1332]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Material examined.</emphasis>
|
||
Other habitats with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C51FDC99D38FF84FD0EA415FCF7C25F" box="[682,819,1307,1332]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Holopediidae" genus="Holopedium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="glacialis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9255A589D38FF84FD0EA415FCF7C25F" box="[682,819,1307,1332]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">H. glacialis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are listed in Appendix A.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEE864A9D38FF84FF63A44CFB4AC2C7" blockId="27.[151,1436,986,2012]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9255A589D38FF84FF63A44CFDD9C237" bold="true" box="[199,541,1346,1372]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Morphological description.</emphasis>
|
||
FEMALE. Representative photomicrographs are shown in
|
||
<figureCitation id="136A9ACF9D38FF84FB51A44CFA9BC237" box="[1269,1375,1346,1372]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="28.[151,255,1555,1579]" captionTargetBox="[152,1434,514,1531]" captionTargetId="figure@28.[151,1436,501,1531]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIGURE 7. Representative photomicrographs of Holopedium glacialis. (a) Lateral view of female in jelly coat stained with dilute fuschian red. Wren Lake, Ontario, June 13, 1994. (b, c) Lateral views of female head. (d) Lateral view of female postabdomen. (e) Lateral view of ventral carapace spinules. (f) Lateral view of male with jelly coat removed. (g) Lateral view of male head and antennae. (h) Lateral view of male antennae. (i) Lateral view of hook on male antennae. (j) Lateral view of hooks on first pair of male thoracic limbs. (k) Lateral view of male postabdomen. (l) Lateral view of male postabdominal claw. (m) Lateral view of ventral carapace spines of a male. (b – e) from Como Lake, Ontario, June 28, 1992. (f – m) from Blue Chalk Lake, Ontario, October 17, 1996." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/179859/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Figure 7</figureCitation>
|
||
. The jelly coat is of the Z
|
||
<typeStatus id="54EA38E89D38FF84FE2EA464FE04C2EF" box="[394,448,1386,1412]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">type</typeStatus>
|
||
, in which the anterior jelly curl is relatively straight and ends in a short curve posteriorly toward the carapace, and the lateral lobes are divided (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC0FBBB9D38FF84FC2FA49CFB45C2C7" author="Montvilo" box="[907,1153,1426,1452]" pageId="27" pageNumber="41" refString="Montvilo, J. A., Hegyi, M. A. & Kevin, M. J. (1987) Aspects of the anatomy of the jelly coat of Holopedium and certain other Cladocerans (Crustacea). Transactions of the American Miscroscopical Society, 106, 105 - 113." type="journal article" year="1987">
|
||
Montvilo
|
||
<emphasis id="B9255A589D38FF84FBA4A49DFBFFC2C7" box="[1024,1083,1427,1452]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1987
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEE864A9D38FF84FF63A4B4FB31C14F" blockId="27.[151,1436,986,2012]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
||
Adult female carapace lengths range from
|
||
<quantity id="4CA92BAF9D38FF84FD1BA4B4FCAFC2BF" box="[703,875,1466,1492]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.9" metricValueMax="13.0" metricValueMin="6.8" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" unit="mm" value="0.99" valueMax="1.3" valueMin="0.68">0.68–1.30 mm</quantity>
|
||
(mean
|
||
<quantity id="4CA92BAF9D38FF84FC60A4B4FBF6C2BF" box="[964,1074,1466,1492]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.8" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" unit="mm" value="0.98">0.98 mm</quantity>
|
||
), while carapace heights range from
|
||
<quantity id="4CA92BAF9D38FF84FF73A4ECFE45C297" box="[215,385,1506,1532]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.285" metricValueMax="1.82" metricValueMin="0.75" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" unit="mm" value="1.285" valueMax="1.82" valueMin="0.75">0.75–1.82 mm</quantity>
|
||
(mean
|
||
<quantity id="4CA92BAF9D38FF84FE73A4ECFD81C297" box="[471,581,1506,1532]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.26" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" unit="mm" value="1.26">1.26 mm</quantity>
|
||
). The H/L ratios range from 0.61–1.95 (mean 1.30). The ventral carapace margins usually have many, tightly-spaced spinules posteriorly, but are often smooth anteriorly.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEE864A9D38FF84FF63A73CFD25C1F7" blockId="27.[151,1436,986,2012]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
||
Anal spine number is less variable than in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C51FDC99D38FF84FD17A73DFC83C127" box="[691,839,1587,1612]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Holopediidae" genus="Holopedium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gibberum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9255A589D38FF84FD17A73DFC83C127" box="[691,839,1587,1612]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">H. gibberum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, ranging from 11–20 (mean 15.1).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C51FDC99D38FF84FB7AA73DFAA2C127" box="[1246,1382,1587,1612]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Holopediidae" genus="Holopedium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="glacialis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9255A589D38FF84FB7AA73DFAA2C127" box="[1246,1382,1587,1612]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">H. glacialis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
typically possesses at least one basal spine on each postabdominal claw. Each claw has a row of denticles running laterally from the base of the claw to its midpoint.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C34BD5C19D38FF83FF63A7A4FD75C6A1" lastPageId="28" lastPageNumber="29" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEE864A9D38FF84FF63A7A4FEA9C057" blockId="27.[151,1436,986,2012]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
||
MALE. Males were encountered in autumn collections. The jelly coat is present and resembles that of the female of this species. Mature males are often half the size of adult females, with individuals ranging from
|
||
<quantity id="4CA92BAF9D38FF84FF33A7F4FE83C07F" box="[151,327,1786,1812]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.15" metricValueMax="6.3" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" unit="mm" value="0.515" valueMax="0.63" valueMin="0.4">0.40–0.63 mm</quantity>
|
||
in length (CLR, pers. obs.). The ventral carapace margin is spinulated posteriorly, but is smooth anteriorly.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEE864A9D38FF84FF63A644FE4CC0B7" blockId="27.[151,1436,986,2012]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">The postabdomen is long and terminates posteriorly with two postabdominal claws. A single row of anal spines runs ventro-laterally on each side of the postabdomen (range 13–17). There is one basal spine on each postabdominal claw, and each claw invariably has a row of denticles running laterally from the base of the claw to its midpoint.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEE864A9D3FFF83FF63A199FD75C6A1" blockId="28.[151,1436,151,458]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9255A589D3FFF83FF63A199FE1EC7DA" bold="true" box="[199,474,151,177]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Differential diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C51FDC99D3FFF83FE47A196FD25C7DA" box="[483,737,152,177]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Holopediidae" genus="Holopedium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="glacialis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9255A589D3FFF83FE47A196FD25C7DA" box="[483,737,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Holopedium glacialis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be distinguished from all members of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C51FDC99D3FFF83FAAEA196FF0CC7B2" class="Branchiopoda" family="Holopediidae" genus="Holopedium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amazonicum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9255A589D3FFF83FAAEA196FF0CC7B2" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">H. amazonicum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species complex by its possession of at least one basal spine on each postabdominal claw. It is morphologically indistinguishable from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C51FDC99D3FFF83FDBEA1E6FD6BC66A" box="[538,687,232,257]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Holopediidae" genus="Holopedium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gibberum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9255A589D3FFF83FDBEA1E6FD6BC66A" box="[538,687,232,257]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">H. gibberum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, although they have largely allopatric distributions (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136A9ACF9D3FFF83FA85A1E6FAAEC669" box="[1313,1386,232,258]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="19.[151,255,1272,1296]" captionTargetBox="[215,1338,187,1245]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[215,1373,187,1246]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 4. Putative geographic distribution of Holopedium species. Dots indicate populations where species assignments were confirmed by genetic analyses. Dark shaded areas represent the hypothesized range of each species based on results from this study and from distribution data from 1,827 localities inhabited by Holopedium, obtained from literature reports or by sampling (see Rowe 2000). Since several species are morphologically cryptic while the species complexes can be readily distinguished, the areas between or adjacent to genetic localities are tentatively marked as that same species, provided that there are Holopedium records there belonging to the same complex. Pending further evidence, all South American localities are here shaded as H. amazonicum and most Eurasian localities as H. gibberum s. s., but further cryptic species may be detected in the future. Definitive species assignments for populations in Greenland and India, which are currently described as separate species, require genetic evidence (see text), but morphological traits indicate that they do belong to the H. gibberum complex. Their distributions are shown along with H. gibberum s. s. (inset map in part b). a) H. glacialis n. sp., b) H. gibberum s. s., c) H. atlanticum n. sp., d) H. acidophilum n. sp., and e) H. amazonicum s. s." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/179856/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
a,b).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C51FDC99D3FFF83FF33A01EFE50C642" box="[151,404,272,297]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Holopediidae" genus="Holopedium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="glacialis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9255A589D3FFF83FF33A01EFE50C642" box="[151,404,272,297]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Holopedium glacialis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be biochemically distinguished from North American
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C51FDC99D3FFF83FBE6A01EFB12C642" box="[1090,1238,272,297]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Holopediidae" genus="Holopedium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gibberum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9255A589D3FFF83FBE6A01EFB12C642" box="[1090,1238,272,297]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">H. gibberum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
at the
|
||
<emphasis id="B9255A589D3FFF83FA80A01EFA94C642" box="[1316,1360,272,297]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Gpi</emphasis>
|
||
locus.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C51FDC99D3FFF83FF33A036FE5CC63A" box="[151,408,312,337]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Holopediidae" genus="Holopedium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="glacialis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9255A589D3FFF83FF33A036FE5CC63A" box="[151,408,312,337]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Holopedium glacialis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was never found to possess
|
||
<emphasis id="B9255A589D3FFF83FD5FA036FC98C63A" box="[763,860,312,337]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Gpi 114</emphasis>
|
||
, while
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C51FDC99D3FFF83FC1EA036FB95C63A" box="[954,1105,312,337]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Holopediidae" genus="Holopedium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gibberum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9255A589D3FFF83FC1EA036FB95C63A" box="[954,1105,312,337]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">H. gibberum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was monomorphic for this allele. COI mtDNA sequence divergence between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C51FDC99D3FFF83FD52A06EFC46C612" box="[758,898,352,377]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Holopediidae" genus="Holopedium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="glacialis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9255A589D3FFF83FD52A06EFC46C612" box="[758,898,352,377]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">H. glacialis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C51FDC99D3FFF83FC64A06EFB92C612" box="[960,1110,352,377]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Holopediidae" genus="Holopedium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gibberum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9255A589D3FFF83FC64A06EFB92C612" box="[960,1110,352,377]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">H. gibberum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
averages 13.1%. Based on current evidence, individuals showing less than 4.3% divergence from a representative COI mtDNA sequence (GenBank
|
||
<accessionNumber id="94021BA99D3FFF83FEB2A0BEFE59C6A1" box="[278,413,432,458]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/AF245355" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">AF 245355</accessionNumber>
|
||
) belong to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C51FDC99D3FFF83FD85A0BEFD6EC6A2" box="[545,682,432,457]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Holopediidae" genus="Holopedium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="glacialis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9255A589D3FFF83FD85A0BEFD6EC6A2" box="[545,682,432,457]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">H. glacialis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF2ED6C29D3FFF83FF33A71DFCFDC191" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/179859/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" targetBox="[152,1434,514,1531]" targetPageId="28">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEE864A9D3FFF83FF33A71DFCFDC191" blockId="28.[151,1436,1555,1786]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9255A589D3FFF83FF33A71DFEDEC140" bold="true" box="[151,282,1555,1579]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">FIGURE 7.</emphasis>
|
||
Representative photomicrographs of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C51FDC99D3FFF83FD14A71DFC53C141" box="[688,919,1555,1578]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Holopediidae" genus="Holopedium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="glacialis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9255A589D3FFF83FD14A71DFC53C141" box="[688,919,1555,1578]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Holopedium glacialis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. (a) Lateral view of female in jelly coat stained with dilute fuschian red. Wren Lake, Ontario, June 13, 1994. (b,c) Lateral views of female head. (d) Lateral view of female postabdomen. (e) Lateral view of ventral carapace spinules. (f) Lateral view of male with jelly coat removed. (g) Lateral view of male head and antennae. (h) Lateral view of male antennae. (i) Lateral view of hook on male antennae. (j) Lateral view of hooks on first pair of male thoracic limbs. (k) Lateral view of male postabdomen. (l) Lateral view of male postabdominal claw. (m) Lateral view of ventral carapace spines of a male. (b–e) from Como Lake, Ontario, June 28, 1992. (f–m) from Blue Chalk Lake, Ontario, October 17, 1996.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C34BD5C19D3FFF82FF63A645FD30C571" lastPageId="29" lastPageNumber="30" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEE864A9D3FFF82FF63A645FBA1C639" blockId="28.[151,1436,1867,2013]" lastBlockId="29.[151,1436,152,538]" lastPageId="29" lastPageNumber="30" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9255A589D3FFF83FF63A645FEA3C00E" bold="true" box="[199,359,1867,1893]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C51FDC99D3FFF83FED6A642FDB7C00E" box="[370,627,1868,1893]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Holopediidae" genus="Holopedium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="glacialis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9255A589D3FFF83FED6A642FDB7C00E" box="[370,627,1868,1893]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Holopedium glacialis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
presumably occurs over most of the formerly glaciated regions of North
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F346C6DA9D3FFF83FF41A67DFE8EC0E6" box="[229,330,1907,1933]" name="United States of America" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">America</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="136A9ACF9D3FFF83FEF9A67DFE62C0E6" box="[349,422,1907,1933]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="19.[151,255,1272,1296]" captionTargetBox="[215,1338,187,1245]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[215,1373,187,1246]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 4. Putative geographic distribution of Holopedium species. Dots indicate populations where species assignments were confirmed by genetic analyses. Dark shaded areas represent the hypothesized range of each species based on results from this study and from distribution data from 1,827 localities inhabited by Holopedium, obtained from literature reports or by sampling (see Rowe 2000). Since several species are morphologically cryptic while the species complexes can be readily distinguished, the areas between or adjacent to genetic localities are tentatively marked as that same species, provided that there are Holopedium records there belonging to the same complex. Pending further evidence, all South American localities are here shaded as H. amazonicum and most Eurasian localities as H. gibberum s. s., but further cryptic species may be detected in the future. Definitive species assignments for populations in Greenland and India, which are currently described as separate species, require genetic evidence (see text), but morphological traits indicate that they do belong to the H. gibberum complex. Their distributions are shown along with H. gibberum s. s. (inset map in part b). a) H. glacialis n. sp., b) H. gibberum s. s., c) H. atlanticum n. sp., d) H. acidophilum n. sp., and e) H. amazonicum s. s." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/179856/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
a), from the Coastal and Rocky Mountain ranges in the west through to the Atlantic coast in the east, excepting the central Great Plains, where habitats with suitable water chemistry are absent (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC0FBBB9D3FFF83FF6AA6CDFE92C0B6" author="Rowe" box="[206,342,1987,2013]" pageId="28" pageNumber="41" refString="Rowe, C. L. 2000. Global distribution, phylogeny and taxonomy of the freshwater zooplankton genus Holopedium. M. Sc. Thesis, University of Guelph, Canada. Available electronically from the primary author." type="book" year="2000">Rowe 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||
for a discussion of the ecological requirements of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C51FDC99D3FFF83FC0AA6CAFBFBC0B6" box="[942,1087,1988,2013]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Holopediidae" genus="Holopedium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9255A589D3FFF83FC0AA6CAFBFBC0B6" box="[942,1087,1988,2013]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Holopedium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). It occurs as far south as the Sierra Nevada mountains of California and the Rocky Mountains of Colorado, but in the east there are no confirmed populations south of New York State. It occurs sympatrically with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C51FDC99D3EFF82FBB4A1CEFB77C7B2" box="[1040,1203,192,217]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Holopediidae" genus="Holopedium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atlanticum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9255A589D3EFF82FBB4A1CEFB77C7B2" box="[1040,1203,192,217]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">H. atlanticum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in New Brunswick and Maine, with no evidence of hybridization.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C51FDC99D3EFF82FD1FA1E6FC87C66A" box="[699,835,232,257]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Holopediidae" genus="Holopedium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="glacialis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9255A589D3EFF82FD1FA1E6FC87C66A" box="[699,835,232,257]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">H. glacialis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is also present in the Canadian arctic, but not north of
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE65E08D9D3EFF82FF13A01EFED7C641" box="[183,275,272,298]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" precision="5555" value="68.5">68.5° N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
latitude. The northernmost habitats were a few lakes on the Melville Peninsula, including three in which it was sympatric with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C51FDC99D3EFF82FE4CA036FDB8C63A" box="[488,636,312,337]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Holopediidae" genus="Holopedium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gibberum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9255A589D3EFF82FE4CA036FDB8C63A" box="[488,636,312,337]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">H. gibberum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, again with no evidence of hybridization.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEE864A9D3EFF82FF63A051FD30C571" blockId="29.[151,1436,152,538]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9255A589D3EFF82FF63A051FE58C612" bold="true" box="[199,412,351,377]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Breeding system.</emphasis>
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Many populations were invariant, but 43 of 59 polymorphic populations were in H-W equilibrium, suggesting that at least these populations reproduce by cyclical parthenogenesis. Males were discovered in several populations in the spring and in larger numbers in the autumn. The few single-species populations in H-W disequilibrium were due to occasional heterozygote excesses or deficits, patterns that may result from extended bouts of asexual reproduction.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |