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<document id="64808C0276E1C8C8B492ABB99ED867D8" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.276993" ID-GBIF-Dataset="ffd678ac-fc09-4a69-9cad-46daa901de52" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="276993" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460260654519" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Yoshimura, Masashi &amp; Fisher, Brian L." docDate="2011" docId="03F81D2F900CFFBAFF0BBED5C65266FB" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02794p034.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2794" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Ravavy Fisher 2009" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="13" masterDocId="FFC165579007FFB6FF9CBE42C276660C" masterDocTitle="A revision of male ants of the Malagasy region (Hymenoptera: Formicidae): Key to genera of the subfamily Dolichoderinae" masterLastPageNumber="34" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="12" updateTime="1698244305098" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="7338DE182D9EE8277DA522E539E3F7D7">A revision of male ants of the Malagasy region (Hymenoptera: Formicidae): Key to genera of the subfamily Dolichoderinae</mods:title>
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<treatment id="03F81D2F900CFFBAFF0BBED5C65266FB" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5689425" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119393152" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5689425" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F81D2F900CFFBAFF0BBED5C65266FB" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F81D2F900CFFBAFF0BBED5C65266FB" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
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<taxonomicName id="4C51D7BA900CFFBDFF0BBED5C3FB66BD" authority="Fisher, 2009" authorityName="Fisher" authorityYear="2009" box="[151,397,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Ravavy" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B925702B900CFFBDFF0BBED5C29966BD" bold="true" box="[151,239,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Ravavy</emphasis>
Fisher, 2009
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(
<figureCitation id="136AB0BC900CFFBDFF03BEF8C29166DE" box="[159,231,186,210]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 5" captionStartId="16.[151,264,1953,1976]" captionTargetBox="[202,1381,195,1911]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[202,1382,195,1927]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURES 1 5. Head of dolichoderine males in full-face view. 1, Ochetellus glaber (CASENT 0191065); 2, Aptinoma mangabe (CASENT 0173594); 3, Ravavy miafina (CASENT 0474633); 4, Tapinoma subtile (CASENT 0136850); 5, Technomyrmex difficilis (CASENT 0049968)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276994/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Figs 3</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="136AB0BC900CFFBDFF6FBEF8C37566DE" box="[243,259,186,210]" captionStart="FIGURES 6 10" captionStartId="17.[151,264,1954,1977]" captionTargetBox="[199,1377,193,1913]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[199,1378,193,1927]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURES 6 10. Head to abdomen of dolichoderine males in lateral view. 6, Ravavy miafina (CASENT 0474633); 7, Aptinoma mangabe (CASENT 0173594); 8, Ochetellus glaber (CASENT 0191065); 9, Tapinoma subtile (CASENT 0136850); 10, Technomyrmex difficilis (CASENT 0049968)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276995/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">6</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="136AB0BC900CFFBDFE93BEF8C35B66DE" box="[271,301,186,210]" captionStart="FIGURES 11 15" captionStartId="18.[151,264,1929,1952]" captionTargetBox="[187,1384,193,1883]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[187,1385,193,1900]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURES 11 15. Head to abdomen of dolichoderine males in dorsal view. 11, Aptinoma mangabe (CASENT 0173594); 12, Ochetellus glaber (CASENT 0191065); 13, Ravavy miafina (CASENT 0474633); 14, Tapinoma subtile (CASENT 0136850); 15, Technomyrmex difficilis (CASENT 0049968)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276996/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">13</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="136AB0BC900CFFBDFEA5BEF8C32166DE" box="[313,343,186,210]" captionStart="FIGURES 16 23" captionStartId="19.[151,264,1847,1870]" captionTargetBox="[237,1345,193,1821]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[237,1346,193,1822]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURES 16 23. Males of Dolichoderinae. 16, Aptinoma mangabe (CASENT 0173594); 17, Aptinoma mangabe (CASENT 0175002); 18, 20, Ochetellus glaber (CASENT 0179489); 19, 21, Ravavy miafina (CASENT 0080308); 22, Technomyrmex curiosus (paratype: CASENT 0070364); 23, Tapinoma mg 10 (CASENT 0115650). 16, distal portion of abdomen in oblique posterior view; 17, petiole in lateral view; 18, 19, petiole and abdominal segments in ventral view; 20, petiole and abdominal segments in dorsal view; 21, petiole and abdominal segments in oblique frontal view; 22, 23, genitalia in ventral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276997/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">19</figureCitation>
, 21,
<figureCitation id="136AB0BC900CFFBDFE11BEF8C3DD66DE" box="[397,427,186,210]" captionStart="FIGURES 24 28" captionStartId="20.[151,264,1912,1935]" captionTargetBox="[195,1392,193,1875]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[195,1393,193,1891]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURES 24 28. Abdominal sternum IX of dolichoderine males in ectal view. 24, Aptinoma mangabe (CASENT 0175002); 25, Ochetellus glaber (CASENT 0179489); 26, Ravavy miafina (CASENT 0179530); 27, Tapinoma melanocephalum (CASENT 0492372); 28, Technomyrmex madecassus (CASENT 0179526)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276998/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">26</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="136AB0BC900CFFBDFE2BBEF8C3A366DE" box="[439,469,186,210]" captionStart="FIGURES 29 33" captionStartId="21.[151,264,1944,1967]" captionTargetBox="[204,1379,193,1905]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[204,1380,193,1921]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURES 29 33. Genital capsules of dolichoderine males. 29, Tapinoma mg 11 (CASENT 0179494); 30, Aptinoma mangabe (CASENT 0175002); 31, Ochetellus glaber (CASENT 0179489); 32, Ravavy miafina (CASENT 0179533); 33, Technomyrmex madecassus (CASENT 0179526). Right side, ventral view; left side, dorsal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276999/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">32</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="136AB0BC900CFFBDFE7DBEF8C38966DE" box="[481,511,186,210]" captionStart="FIGURES 34 38" captionStartId="22.[151,264,1945,1968]" captionTargetBox="[213,1384,193,1897]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[207,1386,193,1926]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURES 34 38. Genital capsules of dolichoderine males in lateral view. 34, Ochetellus glaber (CASENT 0179489); 35, Aptinoma mangabe (CASENT 0175002); 36, Ravavy miafina (CASENT 0179533); 37, Tapinoma mg 11 (CASENT 0179494); 38, Technomyrmex madecassus (CASENT 0179526)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/277000/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">36</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="136AB0BC900CFFBDFD97BEF8C05F66DE" box="[523,553,186,210]" captionStart="FIGURES 41 45" captionStartId="24.[151,264,1945,1968]" captionTargetBox="[200,1379,193,1913]" captionTargetId="figure@24.[200,1380,193,1928]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURES 41 45. Aedeagal plates of dolichoderine males in lateral view. 41, Ravavy miafina (CASENT 0179530); 42, Aptinoma mangabe (CASENT 0175002); 43, Ochetellus glaber (CASENT 0179489); 44, Tapinoma mg 11 (CASENT 0179494); 45, Technomyrmex madecassus (CASENT 0179526)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/277002/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">41</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="136AB0BC900CFFBDFDA9BEF8C02566DE" box="[565,595,186,210]" captionStart="FIGURES 52 54" captionStartId="27.[151,264,1973,1996]" captionTargetBox="[221,1390,193,1923]" captionTargetId="figure@27.[195,1393,193,1952]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURES 52 54. Forewings of male ants. 52, Ravavy miafina (CASENT 0179530); 53, Tapinoma mg 10 (CASENT 0179493); 54, Technomyrmex madecassus (CASENT 0179526)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/277005/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">52</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="136AB0BC900CFFBDFDC3BEF8C00B66DE" box="[607,637,186,210]" captionStart="FIGURES 58 61" captionStartId="29.[151,264,1972,1995]" captionTargetBox="[188,1384,193,1901]" captionTargetId="figure@29.[188,1385,193,1924]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="FIGURES 58 61. Hindwings of dolichoderine males. 58, Ravavy miafina (CASENT 0179530); 59, Tapinoma mg 10 (CASENT 0179493); 60, Tapinoma subtile (CASENT 0179490); 61, Technomyrmex madecassus (CASENT 0179526)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/277007/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">58</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="136AB0BC900CFFBDFD15BEF8C0D166DE" box="[649,679,186,210]" captionStart="FIGURES 62 66" captionStartId="30.[151,264,1944,1967]" captionTargetBox="[162,1421,193,1904]" captionTargetId="figure@30.[162,1422,193,1910]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIGURES 62 66. Median hypostoma of dolichoderine males in ectal view. 62, Aptinoma mangabe (CASENT 0175002); 63, Ochetellus glaber (CASENT 0179489); 64, Ravavy miafina (CASENT 0179533); 65, Tapinoma mg 11 (CASENT 0179494); 66, Technomyrmex pallipes (CASENT 0179528)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/277008/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">64</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="136AB0BC900CFFBDFD2FBEF8C0A466DE" box="[691,722,186,210]" captionStart="FIGURES 67 71" captionStartId="31.[151,264,1946,1969]" captionTargetBox="[199,1392,193,1931]" captionTargetId="figure@31.[199,1393,193,1938]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIGURES 67 71. Labrums of dolichoderine males. 67, Aptinoma mangabe (CASENT 0175002); 68, Ochetellus glaber (CASENT 0179489); 69, Ravavy miafina (CASENT 0179530); 70, Tapinoma mg 11 (CASENT 0179494); 71, Technomyrmex pallipes (CASENT 0179528). 67, 68, 70, in ectal view; 69, 71, in mesal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/277009/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">69</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="136AB0BC900CFFBDFD41BEF8C08A66DE" box="[733,764,186,210]" captionStart="FIGURES 72 76" captionStartId="32.[151,264,1873,1896]" captionTargetBox="[151,1434,193,1844]" captionTargetId="figure@32.[151,1436,193,1853]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIGURES 72 76. Mandibles of dolichoderine males. 72, Aptinoma mangabe (CASENT 0175002); 73, Ochetellus glaber (CASENT 0179489); 74, Ravavy miafina (CASENT 0179530); 75, Tapinoma mg 11 (CASENT 0179494); 76, Technomyrmex pallipes (CASENT 0179528)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/277010/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">74</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="136AB0BC900CFFBDFC9BBEF8C15266DE" box="[775,804,186,210]" captionStart="FIGURES 77 81" captionStartId="33.[151,264,1274,1297]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1236]" captionTargetId="figure@33.[151,1436,193,1253]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="FIGURES 77 81. Mouthparts of dolichoderine males. 77, Aptinoma mangabe (CASENT 0175002); 78, Ochetellus glaber (CASENT 0179489); 79, Ravavy miafina (CASENT 0179530); 80, Tapinoma subtile (CASENT 0179490); 81, Technomyrmex pallipes (CASENT 0179528). 77, 79 81, in mesal view; 78, in lateral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/277011/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">79</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEEAC39900CFFBDFF0BBF40C19F6452" blockId="11.[151,1437,258,2011]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
With characters of
<taxonomicName id="4C51D7BA900CFFBDFEF1BF40C06B6716" box="[365,541,258,282]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Dolichoderinae">Dolichoderinae</taxonomicName>
. All known males alate.
<emphasis id="B925702B900CFFBDFCA8BF41C62C6717" box="[820,1114,259,283]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
Median hypostoma
<taxonomicName id="4C51D7BA900CFFBDFB8DBF41C62C6717" box="[1041,1114,259,283]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Chronoxenus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="absent">absent</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="136AB0BC900CFFBDFBF6BF40C6C96716" box="[1130,1215,258,282]" captionStart="FIGURES 62 66" captionStartId="30.[151,264,1944,1967]" captionTargetBox="[162,1421,193,1904]" captionTargetId="figure@30.[162,1422,193,1910]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIGURES 62 66. Median hypostoma of dolichoderine males in ectal view. 62, Aptinoma mangabe (CASENT 0175002); 63, Ochetellus glaber (CASENT 0179489); 64, Ravavy miafina (CASENT 0179533); 65, Tapinoma mg 11 (CASENT 0179494); 66, Technomyrmex pallipes (CASENT 0179528)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/277008/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 64</figureCitation>
).
<emphasis id="B925702B900CFFBDFB4FBF41C2886732" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Mandible broadly spatulate</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="136AB0BC900CFFBDFE91BF64C3176732" box="[269,353,294,318]" captionStart="FIGURES 72 76" captionStartId="32.[151,264,1873,1896]" captionTargetBox="[151,1434,193,1844]" captionTargetId="figure@32.[151,1436,193,1853]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIGURES 72 76. Mandibles of dolichoderine males. 72, Aptinoma mangabe (CASENT 0175002); 73, Ochetellus glaber (CASENT 0179489); 74, Ravavy miafina (CASENT 0179530); 75, Tapinoma mg 11 (CASENT 0179494); 76, Technomyrmex pallipes (CASENT 0179528)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/277010/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 74</figureCitation>
). Basal angle of mandible distinct, basal margin lacking teeth and denticles.
<emphasis id="B925702B900CFFBDFB21BF64C06D676F" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Distal apex of mandible with single, long, acute tooth</emphasis>
. Palpal formula 6,3 (one specimen of
<taxonomicName id="4C51D7BA900CFFBDFC5ABF0EC64C676F" box="[966,1082,331,355]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Ravavy" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="miafina">
<emphasis id="B925702B900CFFBDFC5ABF0EC64C676F" box="[966,1082,331,355]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">R. miafina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
dissected:
<figureCitation id="136AB0BC900CFFBDFB2BBF08C77C676E" box="[1207,1290,330,354]" captionStart="FIGURES 77 81" captionStartId="33.[151,264,1274,1297]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1236]" captionTargetId="figure@33.[151,1436,193,1253]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="FIGURES 77 81. Mouthparts of dolichoderine males. 77, Aptinoma mangabe (CASENT 0175002); 78, Ochetellus glaber (CASENT 0179489); 79, Ravavy miafina (CASENT 0179530); 80, Tapinoma subtile (CASENT 0179490); 81, Technomyrmex pallipes (CASENT 0179528). 77, 79 81, in mesal view; 78, in lateral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/277011/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 79</figureCitation>
). Third maxillary palpal segment longer than fourth, but shorter than the combined length of fourth and fifth. Distal margin of labrum deeply concave and bilobed, longest setae located near apices of lobes (
<figureCitation id="136AB0BC900CFFBDFB8BBFD0C61A67A6" box="[1047,1132,402,426]" captionStart="FIGURES 67 71" captionStartId="31.[151,264,1946,1969]" captionTargetBox="[199,1392,193,1931]" captionTargetId="figure@31.[199,1393,193,1938]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIGURES 67 71. Labrums of dolichoderine males. 67, Aptinoma mangabe (CASENT 0175002); 68, Ochetellus glaber (CASENT 0179489); 69, Ravavy miafina (CASENT 0179530); 70, Tapinoma mg 11 (CASENT 0179494); 71, Technomyrmex pallipes (CASENT 0179528). 67, 68, 70, in ectal view; 69, 71, in mesal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/277009/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 69</figureCitation>
). Scape excluding its basal condyle shorter than length of flagellar segments 1+2 (
<figureCitation id="136AB0BC900CFFBDFD66BFF4C14B67C2" box="[762,829,438,462]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 5" captionStartId="16.[151,264,1953,1976]" captionTargetBox="[202,1381,195,1911]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[202,1382,195,1927]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURES 1 5. Head of dolichoderine males in full-face view. 1, Ochetellus glaber (CASENT 0191065); 2, Aptinoma mangabe (CASENT 0173594); 3, Ravavy miafina (CASENT 0474633); 4, Tapinoma subtile (CASENT 0136850); 5, Technomyrmex difficilis (CASENT 0049968)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276994/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
). Pedicel conical.
<emphasis id="B925702B900CFFBDFB90BFF5C35667FF" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">First and second flagellar segments slightly bent</emphasis>
. Axillae weakly compressed medially, anterior and posterior margins not parallel. Petiolar node raised vertically, its anterior margin nearly as long as posterior margin in lateral view, not much expanded laterally. Petiole narrowly attached to abdominal segment III (
<figureCitation id="136AB0BC900CFFBDFD20BC60C1666436" box="[700,784,546,570]" captionStart="FIGURES 16 23" captionStartId="19.[151,264,1847,1870]" captionTargetBox="[237,1345,193,1821]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[237,1346,193,1822]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURES 16 23. Males of Dolichoderinae. 16, Aptinoma mangabe (CASENT 0173594); 17, Aptinoma mangabe (CASENT 0175002); 18, 20, Ochetellus glaber (CASENT 0179489); 19, 21, Ravavy miafina (CASENT 0080308); 22, Technomyrmex curiosus (paratype: CASENT 0070364); 23, Tapinoma mg 10 (CASENT 0115650). 16, distal portion of abdomen in oblique posterior view; 17, petiole in lateral view; 18, 19, petiole and abdominal segments in ventral view; 20, petiole and abdominal segments in dorsal view; 21, petiole and abdominal segments in oblique frontal view; 22, 23, genitalia in ventral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276997/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 19</figureCitation>
). Anterior surface of abdominal segment III with indentation that fits posterior surface of petiolar node (
<figureCitation id="136AB0BC900CFFBDFD34BC04C08D6452" box="[680,763,582,606]" captionStart="FIGURES 16 23" captionStartId="19.[151,264,1847,1870]" captionTargetBox="[237,1345,193,1821]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[237,1346,193,1822]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURES 16 23. Males of Dolichoderinae. 16, Aptinoma mangabe (CASENT 0173594); 17, Aptinoma mangabe (CASENT 0175002); 18, 20, Ochetellus glaber (CASENT 0179489); 19, 21, Ravavy miafina (CASENT 0080308); 22, Technomyrmex curiosus (paratype: CASENT 0070364); 23, Tapinoma mg 10 (CASENT 0115650). 16, distal portion of abdomen in oblique posterior view; 17, petiole in lateral view; 18, 19, petiole and abdominal segments in ventral view; 20, petiole and abdominal segments in dorsal view; 21, petiole and abdominal segments in oblique frontal view; 22, 23, genitalia in ventral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276997/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 21</figureCitation>
). Pygostyles present.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEEAC39900CFFBDFF59BC28C34D651E" blockId="11.[151,1437,258,2011]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
Distal portion of abdominal sternum IX bilobed, its distal margin widely concave (
<figureCitation id="136AB0BC900CFFBDFBF7BC28C6B6648E" box="[1131,1216,618,642]" captionStart="FIGURES 24 28" captionStartId="20.[151,264,1912,1935]" captionTargetBox="[195,1392,193,1875]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[195,1393,193,1891]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURES 24 28. Abdominal sternum IX of dolichoderine males in ectal view. 24, Aptinoma mangabe (CASENT 0175002); 25, Ochetellus glaber (CASENT 0179489); 26, Ravavy miafina (CASENT 0179530); 27, Tapinoma melanocephalum (CASENT 0492372); 28, Technomyrmex madecassus (CASENT 0179526)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276998/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 26</figureCitation>
). Apicoventral portion of basimere without projection (
<figureCitation id="136AB0BC900CFFBDFDA3BCCCC0E064AA" box="[575,662,654,678]" captionStart="FIGURES 29 33" captionStartId="21.[151,264,1944,1967]" captionTargetBox="[204,1379,193,1905]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[204,1380,193,1921]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURES 29 33. Genital capsules of dolichoderine males. 29, Tapinoma mg 11 (CASENT 0179494); 30, Aptinoma mangabe (CASENT 0175002); 31, Ochetellus glaber (CASENT 0179489); 32, Ravavy miafina (CASENT 0179533); 33, Technomyrmex madecassus (CASENT 0179526). Right side, ventral view; left side, dorsal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276999/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 32</figureCitation>
). Harpago moderate in size, visibly distinct but not separated from basimere by a membranous region. Harpago narrow in lateral view, without distinct ventral face (as in
<figureCitation id="136AB0BC900CFFBDFAA6BCF0C7F964C6" box="[1338,1423,690,714]" captionStart="FIGURES 16 23" captionStartId="19.[151,264,1847,1870]" captionTargetBox="[237,1345,193,1821]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[237,1346,193,1822]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURES 16 23. Males of Dolichoderinae. 16, Aptinoma mangabe (CASENT 0173594); 17, Aptinoma mangabe (CASENT 0175002); 18, 20, Ochetellus glaber (CASENT 0179489); 19, 21, Ravavy miafina (CASENT 0080308); 22, Technomyrmex curiosus (paratype: CASENT 0070364); 23, Tapinoma mg 10 (CASENT 0115650). 16, distal portion of abdomen in oblique posterior view; 17, petiole in lateral view; 18, 19, petiole and abdominal segments in ventral view; 20, petiole and abdominal segments in dorsal view; 21, petiole and abdominal segments in oblique frontal view; 22, 23, genitalia in ventral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276997/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 23</figureCitation>
).
<emphasis id="B925702B900CFFBDFF0BBC94C1C364E2" box="[151,949,726,751]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Basoventral portion of aedeagus with long and narrow lobe ventrally</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="136AB0BC900CFFBDFC5ABC94C66964E2" box="[966,1055,726,750]" captionStart="FIGURES 34 38" captionStartId="22.[151,264,1945,1968]" captionTargetBox="[213,1384,193,1897]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[207,1386,193,1926]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURES 34 38. Genital capsules of dolichoderine males in lateral view. 34, Ochetellus glaber (CASENT 0179489); 35, Aptinoma mangabe (CASENT 0175002); 36, Ravavy miafina (CASENT 0179533); 37, Tapinoma mg 11 (CASENT 0179494); 38, Technomyrmex madecassus (CASENT 0179526)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/277000/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Figs 36</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="136AB0BC900CFFBDFBB1BC94C63A64E2" box="[1069,1100,726,750]" captionStart="FIGURES 41 45" captionStartId="24.[151,264,1945,1968]" captionTargetBox="[200,1379,193,1913]" captionTargetId="figure@24.[200,1380,193,1928]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURES 41 45. Aedeagal plates of dolichoderine males in lateral view. 41, Ravavy miafina (CASENT 0179530); 42, Aptinoma mangabe (CASENT 0175002); 43, Ochetellus glaber (CASENT 0179489); 44, Tapinoma mg 11 (CASENT 0179494); 45, Technomyrmex madecassus (CASENT 0179526)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/277002/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">41</figureCitation>
). Ventral margin of aedeagus with denticles.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEEAC39900CFFBDFF59BD62C77B6572" blockId="11.[151,1437,258,2011]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<emphasis id="B925702B900CFFBDFF59BD62C0CA653B" box="[197,700,798,823]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Forewing elongated apical to wing stigma</emphasis>
, its radial sector (Rs) reaches costal margin (
<figureCitation id="136AB0BC900CFFBDFB78BD5CC74B653A" box="[1252,1341,798,822]" captionStart="FIGURES 52 54" captionStartId="27.[151,264,1973,1996]" captionTargetBox="[221,1390,193,1923]" captionTargetId="figure@27.[195,1393,193,1952]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURES 52 54. Forewings of male ants. 52, Ravavy miafina (CASENT 0179530); 53, Tapinoma mg 10 (CASENT 0179493); 54, Technomyrmex madecassus (CASENT 0179526)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/277005/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 52</figureCitation>
), media between Rs+M and 2rs-m unrecognizable, 2rs-m reduced in length, and 1m-cu present. On hindwing, M+Cu, 1rsm+M, and free section of radial sector present, free section of cubitus vestigial, cu-a present (
<figureCitation id="136AB0BC900CFFBDFB30BD24C7776572" box="[1196,1281,870,894]" captionStart="FIGURES 58 61" captionStartId="29.[151,264,1972,1995]" captionTargetBox="[188,1384,193,1901]" captionTargetId="figure@29.[188,1385,193,1924]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="FIGURES 58 61. Hindwings of dolichoderine males. 58, Ravavy miafina (CASENT 0179530); 59, Tapinoma mg 10 (CASENT 0179493); 60, Tapinoma subtile (CASENT 0179490); 61, Technomyrmex madecassus (CASENT 0179526)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/277007/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 58</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34BFFB2900CFFBAFF59BDC9C65266FB" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BEEAC39900CFFBDFF59BDC9C1556292" blockId="11.[151,1437,258,2011]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<emphasis id="B925702B900CFFBDFF59BDC9C34F65AF" bold="true" box="[197,313,907,931]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Remarks.</emphasis>
Genus
<taxonomicName id="4C51D7BA900CFFBDFE11BDCEC39665AF" box="[397,480,908,931]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Ravavy" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B925702B900CFFBDFE11BDCEC39665AF" box="[397,480,908,931]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Ravavy</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is endemic to
<collectingCountry id="F346ECA9900CFFBDFD1DBDC8C17E65AE" box="[641,776,906,930]" name="Madagascar" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
and males of
<taxonomicName id="4C51D7BA900CFFBDFC38BDCEC18065AF" box="[932,1014,908,931]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Ravavy" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B925702B900CFFBDFC38BDCEC18065AF" box="[932,1014,908,931]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Ravavy</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are known only for
<taxonomicName id="4C51D7BA900CFFBDFB4BBDCEC73D65AF" box="[1239,1355,907,931]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Ravavy" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="miafina">
<emphasis id="B925702B900CFFBDFB4BBDCEC73D65AF" box="[1239,1355,907,931]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">R. miafina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. These males are distinguished easily from those of the four other
<collectingCountry id="F346ECA9900CFFBDFCA1BDECC1DC65CA" box="[829,938,942,966]" name="Madagascar" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Malagasy</collectingCountry>
dolichoderine genera by the absence of the median hypostoma (
<figureCitation id="136AB0BC900CFFBDFEE0BD90C3A665E6" box="[380,464,978,1002]" captionStart="FIGURES 62 66" captionStartId="30.[151,264,1944,1967]" captionTargetBox="[162,1421,193,1904]" captionTargetId="figure@30.[162,1422,193,1910]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIGURES 62 66. Median hypostoma of dolichoderine males in ectal view. 62, Aptinoma mangabe (CASENT 0175002); 63, Ochetellus glaber (CASENT 0179489); 64, Ravavy miafina (CASENT 0179533); 65, Tapinoma mg 11 (CASENT 0179494); 66, Technomyrmex pallipes (CASENT 0179528)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/277008/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 64</figureCitation>
), a broadly spatulate mandible with a long and acute tooth on its distal apex (
<figureCitation id="136AB0BC900CFFBDFAA7BD90C7F965E6" box="[1339,1423,978,1002]" captionStart="FIGURES 72 76" captionStartId="32.[151,264,1873,1896]" captionTargetBox="[151,1434,193,1844]" captionTargetId="figure@32.[151,1436,193,1853]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIGURES 72 76. Mandibles of dolichoderine males. 72, Aptinoma mangabe (CASENT 0175002); 73, Ochetellus glaber (CASENT 0179489); 74, Ravavy miafina (CASENT 0179530); 75, Tapinoma mg 11 (CASENT 0179494); 76, Technomyrmex pallipes (CASENT 0179528)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/277010/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 74</figureCitation>
), lack of serrate and minute denticles on the masticatory margin of the mandible, the first flagellomere slightly bent, dorsal margin of the propodeum in lateral view much longer than its declivitous margin (
<figureCitation id="136AB0BC900CFFBDFB18BA58C6BE623E" box="[1156,1224,1050,1074]" captionStart="FIGURES 6 10" captionStartId="17.[151,264,1954,1977]" captionTargetBox="[199,1377,193,1913]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[199,1378,193,1927]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURES 6 10. Head to abdomen of dolichoderine males in lateral view. 6, Ravavy miafina (CASENT 0474633); 7, Aptinoma mangabe (CASENT 0173594); 8, Ochetellus glaber (CASENT 0191065); 9, Tapinoma subtile (CASENT 0136850); 10, Technomyrmex difficilis (CASENT 0049968)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276995/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
) (see also remarks of
<taxonomicName id="4C51D7BA900CFFBDFF29BA7CC35B625A" box="[181,301,1086,1110]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Ochetellus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B925702B900CFFBDFF29BA7CC35B625A" box="[181,301,1086,1110]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Ochetellus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), the presence of a long and narrow basoventral lobe on the aedeagus (
<figureCitation id="136AB0BC900CFFBDFBD4BA7CC6D6625A" box="[1096,1184,1086,1110]" captionStart="FIGURES 34 38" captionStartId="22.[151,264,1945,1968]" captionTargetBox="[213,1384,193,1897]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[207,1386,193,1926]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURES 34 38. Genital capsules of dolichoderine males in lateral view. 34, Ochetellus glaber (CASENT 0179489); 35, Aptinoma mangabe (CASENT 0175002); 36, Ravavy miafina (CASENT 0179533); 37, Tapinoma mg 11 (CASENT 0179494); 38, Technomyrmex madecassus (CASENT 0179526)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/277000/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Figs 36</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="136AB0BC900CFFBDFB37BA7CC6BF625A" box="[1195,1225,1086,1110]" captionStart="FIGURES 41 45" captionStartId="24.[151,264,1945,1968]" captionTargetBox="[200,1379,193,1913]" captionTargetId="figure@24.[200,1380,193,1928]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURES 41 45. Aedeagal plates of dolichoderine males in lateral view. 41, Ravavy miafina (CASENT 0179530); 42, Aptinoma mangabe (CASENT 0175002); 43, Ochetellus glaber (CASENT 0179489); 44, Tapinoma mg 11 (CASENT 0179494); 45, Technomyrmex madecassus (CASENT 0179526)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/277002/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">41</figureCitation>
), and the forewing elongate apical to the stigma (
<figureCitation id="136AB0BC900CFFBDFE75BA20C04C6276" box="[489,570,1122,1146]" captionStart="FIGURES 52 54" captionStartId="27.[151,264,1973,1996]" captionTargetBox="[221,1390,193,1923]" captionTargetId="figure@27.[195,1393,193,1952]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURES 52 54. Forewings of male ants. 52, Ravavy miafina (CASENT 0179530); 53, Tapinoma mg 10 (CASENT 0179493); 54, Technomyrmex madecassus (CASENT 0179526)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/277005/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 52</figureCitation>
).Ward
<emphasis id="B925702B900CFFBDFD12BA26C0C96277" box="[654,703,1123,1147]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">et al</emphasis>
. (2010) listed a lacking or reduced median hypostoma as a tribal diagnosis of
<taxonomicName id="4C51D7BA900CFFBDFEBABAC4C38E6292" box="[294,504,1158,1182]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Bothriomyrmecini">Bothriomyrmecini</taxonomicName>
, to which
<taxonomicName id="4C51D7BA900CFFBDFDF7BACAC0C86293" box="[619,702,1160,1183]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Ravavy" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B925702B900CFFBDFDF7BACAC0C86293" box="[619,702,1160,1183]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Ravavy</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
belongs.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEEAC39900CFFBDFF59BAE8C647607E" blockId="11.[151,1437,258,2011]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
The genus
<taxonomicName id="4C51D7BA900CFFBDFEA2BAEEC3E662CF" box="[318,400,1196,1219]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Ravavy" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B925702B900CFFBDFEA2BAEEC3E662CF" box="[318,400,1196,1219]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Ravavy</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was described by Fisher (2009). Although the mandible character proposed by Fisher (2009) distinguishes this genus from all other dolichoderines, our current study allows a more comprehensive comparison of additional characters with genera that do not occur in
<collectingCountry id="F346ECA9900CFFBDFC8CBAB0C1EF6306" box="[784,921,1266,1290]" name="Madagascar" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
. We offer the following revised and expanded analysis of diagnostic characters. Fisher (2009) proposed the elongate basal margin and reduced masticatory margin of the mandible as unique to
<taxonomicName id="4C51D7BA900CFFBDFD9ABB7EC02E635F" box="[518,600,1340,1363]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Ravavy" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B925702B900CFFBDFD9ABB7EC02E635F" box="[518,600,1340,1363]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Ravavy</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; however, outside of
<collectingCountry id="F346ECA9900CFFBDFCD7BB78C1A2635E" box="[843,980,1338,1362]" name="Madagascar" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
, those two characters can also be seen in a figure of a male
<taxonomicName id="4C51D7BA900CFFBDFEF8BB1CC3B4637A" box="[356,450,1374,1398]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Forelius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B925702B900CFFBDFEF8BB1CC3B4637A" box="[356,450,1374,1398]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Forelius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in
<bibRefCitation id="EFC0D1C8900CFFBDFE79BB1CC176637A" author="Shattuck" box="[485,768,1374,1398]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" refString="Shattuck, S. O. (1992 a) Generic revision of the ant subfamily Dolichoderinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Sociobiology, 21, 1 - 181." type="journal article" year="1992" yearSuffix="a">Shattuck (1992a: fig. 78)</bibRefCitation>
. The shape of the mandible in
<taxonomicName id="4C51D7BA900CFFBDFBC4BB22C6DD637B" box="[1112,1195,1376,1399]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Ravavy" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B925702B900CFFBDFBC4BB22C6DD637B" box="[1112,1195,1376,1399]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Ravavy</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is better described as broadly spatulate, with a single acute tooth on its apex. The acute tooth is not necessarily the apical tooth, because several vestigial denticles can be seen distal to it (
<figureCitation id="136AB0BC900CFFBDFD58BBE4C16F63B2" box="[708,793,1446,1470]" captionStart="FIGURES 72 76" captionStartId="32.[151,264,1873,1896]" captionTargetBox="[151,1434,193,1844]" captionTargetId="figure@32.[151,1436,193,1853]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIGURES 72 76. Mandibles of dolichoderine males. 72, Aptinoma mangabe (CASENT 0175002); 73, Ochetellus glaber (CASENT 0179489); 74, Ravavy miafina (CASENT 0179530); 75, Tapinoma mg 11 (CASENT 0179494); 76, Technomyrmex pallipes (CASENT 0179528)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/277010/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 74</figureCitation>
). The attachment between the petiole and abdominal segment III is best described as narrow, since the width is relatively small compared with that in
<taxonomicName id="4C51D7BA900CFFBDFB2FBB89C75D63EF" box="[1203,1323,1483,1507]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Ochetellus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B925702B900CFFBDFB2FBB89C75D63EF" box="[1203,1323,1483,1507]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Ochetellus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="136AB0BC900CFFBDFAA6BB88C7FB63EE" box="[1338,1421,1482,1506]" captionStart="FIGURES 16 23" captionStartId="19.[151,264,1847,1870]" captionTargetBox="[237,1345,193,1821]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[237,1346,193,1822]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURES 16 23. Males of Dolichoderinae. 16, Aptinoma mangabe (CASENT 0173594); 17, Aptinoma mangabe (CASENT 0175002); 18, 20, Ochetellus glaber (CASENT 0179489); 19, 21, Ravavy miafina (CASENT 0080308); 22, Technomyrmex curiosus (paratype: CASENT 0070364); 23, Tapinoma mg 10 (CASENT 0115650). 16, distal portion of abdomen in oblique posterior view; 17, petiole in lateral view; 18, 19, petiole and abdominal segments in ventral view; 20, petiole and abdominal segments in dorsal view; 21, petiole and abdominal segments in oblique frontal view; 22, 23, genitalia in ventral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276997/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 18</figureCitation>
); the broad attachment between the petiole and abdominal segment III is a unique character of
<taxonomicName id="4C51D7BA900CFFBDFB22BBADC740600B" box="[1214,1334,1519,1543]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Ochetellus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B925702B900CFFBDFB22BBADC740600B" box="[1214,1334,1519,1543]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Ochetellus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Though described as
<taxonomicName id="4C51D7BA900CFFBDFEB0B850C3026026" box="[300,372,1554,1578]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Chronoxenus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="absent">absent</taxonomicName>
in the original description (Fisher, 2009), a reexamination of fresh material revealed that an indentation on the anterior face of abdominal segment III is present in
<taxonomicName id="4C51D7BA900CFFBDFC25B87AC67A6043" box="[953,1036,1592,1615]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Ravavy" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B925702B900CFFBDFC25B87AC67A6043" box="[953,1036,1592,1615]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Ravavy</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="136AB0BC900CFFBDFB80B874C6076042" box="[1052,1137,1590,1614]" captionStart="FIGURES 16 23" captionStartId="19.[151,264,1847,1870]" captionTargetBox="[237,1345,193,1821]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[237,1346,193,1822]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURES 16 23. Males of Dolichoderinae. 16, Aptinoma mangabe (CASENT 0173594); 17, Aptinoma mangabe (CASENT 0175002); 18, 20, Ochetellus glaber (CASENT 0179489); 19, 21, Ravavy miafina (CASENT 0080308); 22, Technomyrmex curiosus (paratype: CASENT 0070364); 23, Tapinoma mg 10 (CASENT 0115650). 16, distal portion of abdomen in oblique posterior view; 17, petiole in lateral view; 18, 19, petiole and abdominal segments in ventral view; 20, petiole and abdominal segments in dorsal view; 21, petiole and abdominal segments in oblique frontal view; 22, 23, genitalia in ventral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276997/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 21</figureCitation>
). The lack of this indentation in the males examined is limited to
<taxonomicName id="4C51D7BA900CFFBDFDC4B819C0A6607F" box="[600,720,1627,1651]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Ochetellus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B925702B900CFFBDFDC4B819C0A6607F" box="[600,720,1627,1651]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Ochetellus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(see also
<taxonomicName id="4C51D7BA900CFFBDFCA3B819C1C1607F" box="[831,951,1627,1651]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Ochetellus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B925702B900CFFBDFCA3B819C1C1607F" box="[831,951,1627,1651]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Ochetellus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) (
<figureCitation id="136AB0BC900CFFBDFC4CB818C652607E" box="[976,1060,1626,1650]" captionStart="FIGURES 16 23" captionStartId="19.[151,264,1847,1870]" captionTargetBox="[237,1345,193,1821]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[237,1346,193,1822]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURES 16 23. Males of Dolichoderinae. 16, Aptinoma mangabe (CASENT 0173594); 17, Aptinoma mangabe (CASENT 0175002); 18, 20, Ochetellus glaber (CASENT 0179489); 19, 21, Ravavy miafina (CASENT 0080308); 22, Technomyrmex curiosus (paratype: CASENT 0070364); 23, Tapinoma mg 10 (CASENT 0115650). 16, distal portion of abdomen in oblique posterior view; 17, petiole in lateral view; 18, 19, petiole and abdominal segments in ventral view; 20, petiole and abdominal segments in dorsal view; 21, petiole and abdominal segments in oblique frontal view; 22, 23, genitalia in ventral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276997/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 20</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEEAC39900CFFBAFF59B83DC3F366D8" blockId="11.[151,1437,258,2011]" lastBlockId="12.[151,1436,151,248]" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
A male of
<taxonomicName id="4C51D7BA900CFFBDFEA0B8C2C06E609B" authority="Mayr" authorityName="Mayr" box="[316,536,1663,1687]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Leptomyrmex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B925702B900CFFBDFEA0B8C2C3A2609B" box="[316,468,1664,1687]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Leptomyrmex</emphasis>
Mayr
</taxonomicName>
in
<bibRefCitation id="EFC0D1C8900CFFBDFDA1B83CC1D6609A" author="Shattuck" box="[573,928,1662,1686]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" refString="Shattuck, S. O. (1992 a) Generic revision of the ant subfamily Dolichoderinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Sociobiology, 21, 1 - 181." type="journal article" year="1992" yearSuffix="a">Shattuck (1992a: figs 100, 101)</bibRefCitation>
may appear superficially similar to a
<taxonomicName id="4C51D7BA900CFFBDFAD5B8C2C7ED609B" box="[1353,1435,1664,1687]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Ravavy" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B925702B900CFFBDFAD5B8C2C7ED609B" box="[1353,1435,1664,1687]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Ravavy</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
male due to its long head, long mesosoma, and non-triangular mandible. Based on descriptions of males of
<taxonomicName id="4C51D7BA900CFFBDFACFB8E6C28660D3" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Leptomyrmex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B925702B900CFFBDFACFB8E6C28660D3" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Leptomyrmex</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
provided in previous studies (
<bibRefCitation id="EFC0D1C8900CFFBDFDD2B884C08260D2" author="Wheeler" box="[590,756,1734,1758]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" refString="Wheeler, W. M. (1934) A second revision of the ants of the genus Leptomyrmex Mayr. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard University, 77, 69 - 118." type="journal article" year="1934">Wheeler 1934</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFC0D1C8900CFFBDFC9EB884C1C360D2" author="Shattuck" box="[770,949,1734,1758]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" refString="Shattuck, S. O. (1992 a) Generic revision of the ant subfamily Dolichoderinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Sociobiology, 21, 1 - 181." type="journal article" year="1992" yearSuffix="a">Shattuck 1992a</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFC0D1C8900CFFBDFC5FB884C18860D2" author="Shattuck" box="[963,1022,1734,1758]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" refString="Shattuck, S. O. (1995) Generic-level relationships within the ant subfamily Dolichoderinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Systematic Entomology, 20, 217 - 228." type="journal article" year="1995">1995</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFC0D1C8900CFFBDFB90B884C68260D2" author="Brandao" box="[1036,1268,1734,1759]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" refString="Brandao, C. R. F., Baroni Urbani, C., Wagensberg, J. &amp; Yamamoto, C. I. (1999 (1998 )) New Technomyrmex in Dominican amber (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), with a reappraisal of Dolichoderinae phylogeny. Entomologica Scandinavica, 29, 411 - 428." type="journal article" year="1999">
Brandão
<emphasis id="B925702B900CFFBDFBE9B88AC6DF60D3" box="[1141,1193,1735,1759]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">et al</emphasis>
. 1999
</bibRefCitation>
; and
<bibRefCitation id="EFC0D1C8900CFFBDFAA9B884C361610E" author="Lucky" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" refString="Lucky, A. &amp; Ward, P. S. (2010) Taxonomic revision of the ant genus Leptomyrmex Mayr (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Zootaxa, 2688, 1 - 67." type="journal article" year="2010">Lucky &amp; Ward 2010</bibRefCitation>
), these two genera differ in the following characters: the medial hypostoma is lacking in
<taxonomicName id="4C51D7BA900CFFBDFA90B8AEC729610F" box="[1292,1375,1772,1795]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Ravavy" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B925702B900CFFBDFA90B8AEC729610F" box="[1292,1375,1772,1795]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Ravavy</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="136AB0BC900CFFBDFAF2B8A8C2C0612A" captionStart="FIGURES 62 66" captionStartId="30.[151,264,1944,1967]" captionTargetBox="[162,1421,193,1904]" captionTargetId="figure@30.[162,1422,193,1910]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIGURES 62 66. Median hypostoma of dolichoderine males in ectal view. 62, Aptinoma mangabe (CASENT 0175002); 63, Ochetellus glaber (CASENT 0179489); 64, Ravavy miafina (CASENT 0179533); 65, Tapinoma mg 11 (CASENT 0179494); 66, Technomyrmex pallipes (CASENT 0179528)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/277008/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 64</figureCitation>
), while present in
<taxonomicName id="4C51D7BA900CFFBDFE19B952C068612B" box="[389,542,1808,1831]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Leptomyrmex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B925702B900CFFBDFE19B952C068612B" box="[389,542,1808,1831]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Leptomyrmex</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; palpal formula is
<quantity id="4CA901DC900CFFBDFD6EB94CC145612A" box="[754,819,1806,1830]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6001999999999998" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="in" value="6.3">6,3 in</quantity>
<taxonomicName id="4C51D7BA900CFFBDFCA6B952C1FB612B" box="[826,909,1808,1831]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Ravavy" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B925702B900CFFBDFCA6B952C1FB612B" box="[826,909,1808,1831]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Ravavy</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="136AB0BC900CFFBDFC00B94CC199612A" box="[924,1007,1806,1830]" captionStart="FIGURES 77 81" captionStartId="33.[151,264,1274,1297]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1236]" captionTargetId="figure@33.[151,1436,193,1253]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="FIGURES 77 81. Mouthparts of dolichoderine males. 77, Aptinoma mangabe (CASENT 0175002); 78, Ochetellus glaber (CASENT 0179489); 79, Ravavy miafina (CASENT 0179530); 80, Tapinoma subtile (CASENT 0179490); 81, Technomyrmex pallipes (CASENT 0179528). 77, 79 81, in mesal view; 78, in lateral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/277011/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 79</figureCitation>
), while
<quantity id="4CA901DC900CFFBDFBD6B94CC6FC612A" box="[1098,1162,1806,1830]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6256" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="in" value="6.4">6,4 in</quantity>
<taxonomicName id="4C51D7BA900CFFBDFB0DB952C75F612B" box="[1169,1321,1808,1831]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Leptomyrmex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B925702B900CFFBDFB0DB952C75F612B" box="[1169,1321,1808,1831]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Leptomyrmex</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; the mandible has only one or two vestigial denticles in addition to a long tooth in
<taxonomicName id="4C51D7BA900CFFBDFC44B976C65D6147" box="[984,1067,1844,1867]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Ravavy" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B925702B900CFFBDFC44B976C65D6147" box="[984,1067,1844,1867]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Ravavy</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="136AB0BC900CFFBDFBA6B970C6F86146" box="[1082,1166,1842,1866]" captionStart="FIGURES 72 76" captionStartId="32.[151,264,1873,1896]" captionTargetBox="[151,1434,193,1844]" captionTargetId="figure@32.[151,1436,193,1853]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIGURES 72 76. Mandibles of dolichoderine males. 72, Aptinoma mangabe (CASENT 0175002); 73, Ochetellus glaber (CASENT 0179489); 74, Ravavy miafina (CASENT 0179530); 75, Tapinoma mg 11 (CASENT 0179494); 76, Technomyrmex pallipes (CASENT 0179528)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/277010/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 74</figureCitation>
), while it has many serrate denticles in
<taxonomicName id="4C51D7BA900CFFBDFEC1B91AC3836163" box="[349,501,1880,1903]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Leptomyrmex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B925702B900CFFBDFEC1B91AC3836163" box="[349,501,1880,1903]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Leptomyrmex</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; axillae are present in
<taxonomicName id="4C51D7BA900CFFBDFC90B91AC12A6163" box="[780,860,1880,1903]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Ravavy" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B925702B900CFFBDFC90B91AC12A6163" box="[780,860,1880,1903]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Ravavy</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, while
<taxonomicName id="4C51D7BA900CFFBDFC24B914C6766162" box="[952,1024,1878,1902]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Chronoxenus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="absent">absent</taxonomicName>
in
<taxonomicName id="4C51D7BA900CFFBDFBB1B91AC6B36163" box="[1069,1221,1880,1903]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Leptomyrmex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B925702B900CFFBDFBB1B91AC6B36163" box="[1069,1221,1880,1903]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Leptomyrmex</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; an indentation is present on the third abdominal segment in
<taxonomicName id="4C51D7BA900CFFBDFD1DB93EC0A2619F" box="[641,724,1916,1939]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Ravavy" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B925702B900CFFBDFD1DB93EC0A2619F" box="[641,724,1916,1939]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Ravavy</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="136AB0BC900CFFBDFD78B938C14E619E" box="[740,824,1914,1938]" captionStart="FIGURES 16 23" captionStartId="19.[151,264,1847,1870]" captionTargetBox="[237,1345,193,1821]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[237,1346,193,1822]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURES 16 23. Males of Dolichoderinae. 16, Aptinoma mangabe (CASENT 0173594); 17, Aptinoma mangabe (CASENT 0175002); 18, 20, Ochetellus glaber (CASENT 0179489); 19, 21, Ravavy miafina (CASENT 0080308); 22, Technomyrmex curiosus (paratype: CASENT 0070364); 23, Tapinoma mg 10 (CASENT 0115650). 16, distal portion of abdomen in oblique posterior view; 17, petiole in lateral view; 18, 19, petiole and abdominal segments in ventral view; 20, petiole and abdominal segments in dorsal view; 21, petiole and abdominal segments in oblique frontal view; 22, 23, genitalia in ventral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276997/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 21</figureCitation>
), while no indentation or groove is found on the segment in
<taxonomicName id="4C51D7BA900CFFBDFF68B9E2C3FA61BB" box="[244,396,1952,1975]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Leptomyrmex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B925702B900CFFBDFF68B9E2C3FA61BB" box="[244,396,1952,1975]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Leptomyrmex</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; posterior margin of abdominal sternum IX is concave in
<taxonomicName id="4C51D7BA900CFFBDFB80B9E2C61861BB" box="[1052,1134,1952,1975]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Ravavy" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B925702B900CFFBDFB80B9E2C61861BB" box="[1052,1134,1952,1975]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Ravavy</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="136AB0BC900CFFBDFBE3B9DCC6A561BA" box="[1151,1235,1950,1974]" captionStart="FIGURES 24 28" captionStartId="20.[151,264,1912,1935]" captionTargetBox="[195,1392,193,1875]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[195,1393,193,1891]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURES 24 28. Abdominal sternum IX of dolichoderine males in ectal view. 24, Aptinoma mangabe (CASENT 0175002); 25, Ochetellus glaber (CASENT 0179489); 26, Ravavy miafina (CASENT 0179530); 27, Tapinoma melanocephalum (CASENT 0492372); 28, Technomyrmex madecassus (CASENT 0179526)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276998/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 26</figureCitation>
), while convex to entire in
<taxonomicName id="4C51D7BA900CFFBDFF60B986C3E261D7" box="[252,404,1988,2011]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Leptomyrmex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B925702B900CFFBDFF60B986C3E261D7" box="[252,404,1988,2011]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Leptomyrmex</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; the pterostigma is developed as usual without a “pterostigmal appendage” (
<bibRefCitation id="EFC0D1C8900CFFBAFB68B980C2A266A3" author="Wheeler" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" refString="Wheeler, W. M. (1934) A second revision of the ants of the genus Leptomyrmex Mayr. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard University, 77, 69 - 118." type="journal article" year="1934">Wheeler 1934: fig. 2</bibRefCitation>
) in
<taxonomicName id="4C51D7BA900BFFBAFE9EBEDBC32566BC" box="[258,339,153,176]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Ravavy" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B925702B900BFFBAFE9EBEDBC32566BC" box="[258,339,153,176]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Ravavy</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, while the pterostigma is reduced in size and the “pterostigmal appendage” is developed in most macro-
<taxonomicName id="4C51D7BA900BFFBAFF7ABEFFC30866D8" box="[230,382,189,212]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Leptomyrmex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B925702B900BFFBAFF7ABEFFC30866D8" box="[230,382,189,212]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Leptomyrmex</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEEAC39900BFFBAFF59BE9DC65266FB" blockId="12.[151,1436,151,248]" box="[197,1060,223,248]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
Additional discussion of characters is included in the remarks for
<taxonomicName id="4C51D7BA900BFFBAFC3ABEA2C66866F4" box="[934,1054,224,248]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Ochetellus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B925702B900BFFBAFC3ABEA2C66866F4" box="[934,1054,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Ochetellus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>