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<document id="47E99EE2E607B6CE5B95E2CEC1DAA87C" ID-CLB-Dataset="46820" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.277666" ID-GBIF-Dataset="479010ae-6e99-4cc9-b4d3-b39ccc814f9a" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="277666" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460360437026" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Rasmussen, Arne Redsted, Elmberg, Johan, Gravlund, Peter &amp; Ineich, Ivan" docDate="2011" docId="03D687AD6567647D3ECEFE243BBA9922" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02894p020.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2894" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Laticauda Laurenti" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="9" masterDocId="FFEFFFD5656F64753E59FFB03A6C9C28" masterDocTitle="Sea snakes (Serpentes: subfamilies Hydrophiinae and Laticaudinae) in Vietnam: a comprehensive checklist and an updated identification key" masterLastPageNumber="20" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="9" updateTime="1698294404454" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="7B56FB393F5BD4B99720F2201AFBE3A9">Sea snakes (Serpentes: subfamilies Hydrophiinae and Laticaudinae) in Vietnam: a comprehensive checklist and an updated identification key</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="4AE7714E37B0B18918F80C47E6538252">Rasmussen, Arne Redsted</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="77CB3BA22F1F5D8D196027A06764E54E">Elmberg, Johan</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="105603012C9633D007D4AEF7AC549B87">Gravlund, Peter</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="6755F639ABE524C28B07C1C5D8FEA872">Ineich, Ivan</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="03D687AD6567647D3ECEFE243BBA9922" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6195318" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119409597" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6195318" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D687AD6567647D3ECEFE243BBA9922" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D687AD6567647D3ECEFE243BBA9922" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<subSubSection id="C36565306567647D3ECEFE243BEA9D85" box="[151,390,403,430]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BC036BB6567647D3ECEFE243BEA9D85" blockId="8.[151,390,403,430]" box="[151,390,403,430]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<heading id="D08881D76567647D3ECEFE243BEA9D85" bold="true" box="[151,390,403,430]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D386567647D3ECEFE243BEA9D85" authority="Laurenti" authorityName="Laurenti" box="[151,390,403,430]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Laticauda" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90BEAA96567647D3ECEFE243BEA9D85" bold="true" box="[151,390,403,430]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis id="B90BEAA96567647D3ECEFE243B7D9D86" bold="true" box="[151,273,404,430]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Laticauda</emphasis>
Laurenti
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36565306567647D3ECEFE6A3BBA9922" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BC036BB6567647D3ECEFE6A3EF99DDB" blockId="8.[151,1436,474,715]" box="[151,1173,474,499]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis id="B90BEAA96567647D3ECEFE6A38719DDB" bold="true" box="[151,541,474,499]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D386567647D3ECEFE6A38749DDB" authority="Schneider" authorityName="Schneider" box="[151,536,474,499]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Laticauda" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="colubrina">
<emphasis id="B90BEAA96567647D3ECEFE6A3BEF9DDB" bold="true" box="[151,387,474,499]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Laticauda colubrina</emphasis>
(Schneider)
</taxonomicName>
:
</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B4A6567647D3C75FE6A388A9DDA" author="McCarthy" box="[556,742,474,498]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" refString="McCarthy, C. J. (1986) Relationships of the laticaudine sea snakes (Serpentes: Elapidae: Laticaudinae). Bulletin of the British Museum of Natural History (Zoology), 50, 127 - 161." type="journal article" year="1986">McCarthy, 1986</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B4A6567647D3CABFE6A39899DDA" author="Heatwole" box="[754,997,474,499]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" refString="Heatwole, H., Busack, S. &amp; Cogger, H. G. (2005) Geographic variation in sea kraits of the Laticauda colubrina complex (Serpentes: Elapidae: Hydrophiinae: Laticaudini). Herpetological Monographs, 19, 1 - 136." type="journal article" year="2005">
Heatwole
<emphasis id="B90BEAA96567647D3D3DFE6C39F09DDB" box="[868,924,475,499]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">et al.</emphasis>
, 2005
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B4A6567647D3DA8FE6A3EEB9DDA" author="Kharin" box="[1009,1159,474,498]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" refString="Kharin, V. E. (2006) An annotated checklist of sea snakes of Vietnam, with notes on a new record of the yellow-lipped sea krait, Laticauda colubrina (Schneider, 1799) (Laticaudidae, Hydrophiidae). Russian Journal of Marine Biology, 32, 223 - 228." type="journal article" year="2006">Kharin, 2006</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC036BB6567647D3E9EFE4E3E019EE2" blockId="8.[151,1436,474,715]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis id="B90BEAA96567647D3E9EFE4E3BBB9E3F" bold="true" box="[199,471,510,535]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Diagnostic characters:</emphasis>
Head shields large, nasals separated by internasals, upper lips yellow. Scale rows around neck 2123; scale rows around body 2125; ventrals 213245.
<emphasis id="B90BEAA96567647D3DEAFD923E219E13" bold="true" box="[947,1101,546,571]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Colouration:</emphasis>
Body bluish-grey above, yellow or whitish below, with black bands of more or less uniform width throughout. Head black except snout, upper lips and a stripe extending back above the eye to the temporal region, which are all yellow.
<emphasis id="B90BEAA96567647D3AC0FDDA3EBF9EAB" bold="true" box="[1177,1235,618,643]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Size:</emphasis>
<quantity id="4C879B5E6567647D3A83FDDA3F5C9EAA" box="[1242,1328,618,642]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.42" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="cm" value="142.0">142 cm</quantity>
.
<emphasis id="B90BEAA96567647D3B65FDDA3B429E8F" bold="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">General distribution:</emphasis>
Indo-Malayan Archipelago, South
<collectingCountry id="F368762B6567647D3C9AFD3E396A9E8E" box="[707,774,654,678]" name="China" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">China</collectingCountry>
Sea,
<collectingCountry id="F368762B6567647D3D11FD3E39A59E8E" box="[840,969,654,678]" name="Philippines" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Philippines</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F368762B6567647D3D8FFD3E3E2A9E8E" box="[982,1094,654,678]" name="Indonesia" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
, Australian region east to
<collectingCountry id="F368762B6567647D3B2CFD3E3FF09E8E" box="[1397,1436,654,678]" name="Fiji" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fiji</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="F368762B6567647D3E9FFD033B4E9EE2" box="[198,290,691,714]" name="Vanuatu" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Vanuatu</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B4A6567647D3F69FD0238459EE2" author="David" box="[304,553,690,714]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" refString="David, P. &amp; Ineich, I. (1999) Les Serpents venimeux du monde: systematique et repartition. Dumerilia (Paris), 3, 3 - 499." type="journal article" year="1999">David &amp; Ineich, 1999</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B4A6567647D3C6CFD0239449EE2" author="Heatwole" box="[565,808,690,715]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" refString="Heatwole, H., Busack, S. &amp; Cogger, H. G. (2005) Geographic variation in sea kraits of the Laticauda colubrina complex (Serpentes: Elapidae: Hydrophiinae: Laticaudini). Herpetological Monographs, 19, 1 - 136." type="journal article" year="2005">
Heatwole
<emphasis id="B90BEAA96567647D3CFEFD04388C9EE3" box="[679,736,691,715]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">et al.</emphasis>
, 2005
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B4A6567647D3D6DFD023E0D9EE2" author="Cogger" box="[820,1121,690,714]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" refString="Cogger, H. G. &amp; Heatwole, H. (2006) Laticauda frontalis (de Vis, 1905) and Laticauda saintgironsi n. sp. from Vanuatu and New Caledonia (Serpentes: Elapidae: Laticaudinae) - A new lineage of sea kraits? Records of the Australian Museum, 58, 245 - 256." type="journal article" year="2006">Cogger &amp; Heatwole, 2006</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC036BB6567647D3ECEFD4A39D39F3A" blockId="8.[151,1436,762,1003]" box="[151,959,762,787]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis id="B90BEAA96567647D3ECEFD4A38489F3B" bold="true" box="[151,548,762,787]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D386567647D3ECEFD4A384C9F3B" authority="Linnaeus" authorityName="Linnaeus" box="[151,544,762,787]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Laticauda" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="laticaudata">
<emphasis id="B90BEAA96567647D3ECEFD4A3BFF9F3B" bold="true" box="[151,403,762,787]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Laticauda laticaudata</emphasis>
(Linnaeus)
</taxonomicName>
:
</emphasis>
not yet found in Vietnamese waters.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC036BB6567647D3E9EFCAE388D9FC2" blockId="8.[151,1436,762,1003]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis id="B90BEAA96567647D3E9EFCAE3BA69F1F" bold="true" box="[199,458,798,823]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Diagnostic characters</emphasis>
Head shields large, nasals separated by internasals, upper lips dark. Scale rows around neck 19; scale rows around body 19; ventrals 225243.
<emphasis id="B90BEAA96567647D3D4DFCF239C29F73" bold="true" box="[788,942,834,859]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Colouration:</emphasis>
Body bluish-grey above, yellow or whitish below, with black bands. Head with a pale horseshoe-shaped mark above, which may or may not curve down behind eye.
<emphasis id="B90BEAA96567647D3F7FFC3A3B339F8B" bold="true" box="[294,351,906,931]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Size:</emphasis>
<quantity id="4C879B5E6567647D3F33FC3A3BAF9F8A" box="[362,451,906,930]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="cm" value="110.0">110 cm</quantity>
.
<emphasis id="B90BEAA96567647D3F88FC3A38A59F8B" bold="true" box="[465,713,906,931]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">General distribution</emphasis>
: Andaman Sea, Indo-Malayan Archipelago, Gulf of
<collectingCountry id="F368762B6567647D3B6BFC3A3FF49F8A" box="[1330,1432,906,930]" name="Thailand" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Thailand</collectingCountry>
, South
<collectingCountry id="F368762B6567647D3EBAFC1E3B4A9FEE" box="[227,294,942,966]" name="China" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">China</collectingCountry>
Sea,
<collectingCountry id="F368762B6567647D3F35FC1E3B819FEE" box="[364,493,942,966]" name="Philippines" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Philippines</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F368762B6567647D3FA5FC1E38059FEE" box="[508,617,942,966]" name="Indonesia" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
and Australian region (
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B4A6567647D3DDBFC1E3E789FEE" author="Smith" box="[898,1044,942,966]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" refString="Smith, M. A. (1926) Monograph of the sea-snakes (Hydrophiidae). Printed by order of the Trustees of the British museum (Natural History) London, Pages i-xvii + 1 - 130 + 2 plates." type="book chapter" year="1926">Smith, 1926</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B4A6567647D3A7DFC1E3E8D9FEE" author="McCarthy" box="[1060,1249,942,966]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" refString="McCarthy, C. J. (1986) Relationships of the laticaudine sea snakes (Serpentes: Elapidae: Laticaudinae). Bulletin of the British Museum of Natural History (Zoology), 50, 127 - 161." type="journal article" year="1986">McCarthy, 1986</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B4A6567647D3AA9FC1E3ABE9FC2" author="Zhao" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" refString="Zhao, E. &amp; Adler, K. (1993) Herpetology of China. Society for the study of Amphibians and Reptiles. Oxford, Ohio, pp." type="book" year="1993">Zhao &amp; Adler, 1993</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B4A6567647D3E84FC623BB99FC2" author="David" box="[221,469,978,1002]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" refString="David, P. &amp; Ineich, I. (1999) Les Serpents venimeux du monde: systematique et repartition. Dumerilia (Paris), 3, 3 - 499." type="journal article" year="1999">David &amp; Ineich, 1999</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B4A6567647D3FB9FC6238B99FC2" author="Heatwole" box="[480,725,978,1003]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" refString="Heatwole, H., Busack, S. &amp; Cogger, H. G. (2005) Geographic variation in sea kraits of the Laticauda colubrina complex (Serpentes: Elapidae: Hydrophiinae: Laticaudini). Herpetological Monographs, 19, 1 - 136." type="journal article" year="2005">
Heatwole
<emphasis id="B90BEAA96567647D3C0AFC6438E79FC3" box="[595,651,979,1003]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">et al.</emphasis>
, 2005
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC036BB6567647D3ECEFBAA3F7E981A" blockId="8.[151,1436,1050,1290]" box="[151,1298,1050,1075]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis id="B90BEAA96567647D3ECEFBAA38A7981B" bold="true" box="[151,715,1050,1075]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D386567647D3ECEFBAA3BCD981B" box="[151,417,1050,1075]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Laticauda" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="semifasciata">
<emphasis id="B90BEAA96567647D3ECEFBAA3BCD981B" bold="true" box="[151,417,1050,1075]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Laticauda semifasciata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Reinwardt
<emphasis id="B90BEAA96567647D3C61FBAA3823981B" bold="true" box="[568,591,1050,1075]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">in</emphasis>
Schlegel):
</emphasis>
not yet found in Vietnamese waters (
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B4A6567647D3A35FBAA3F6B981A" author="Kharin" box="[1132,1287,1050,1074]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" refString="Kharin, V. E. (2009) Redescription of a Russian finding of the Erabu Sea Krait Pseudolaticauda semifasciata (Reinwardt in Schlegel, 1837), with remarks about species composition of sea snakes (Serpentes: Laticaudidae, Hydrophiidae) in Russian and adjacent waters. Russian Journal of Marine Biology, 35, 8 - 14." type="journal article" year="2009">Kharin, 2009</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC036BB6567647D3E9EFB8E3BBA9922" blockId="8.[151,1436,1050,1290]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis id="B90BEAA96567647D3E9EFB8E3BA6987F" bold="true" box="[199,458,1086,1111]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Diagnostic characters</emphasis>
Head shields large, nasals separated by internasals, upper lips dark. Scale rows around neck 2123; scale rows around body 2123; ventrals 195210.
<emphasis id="B90BEAA96567647D3D32FBD23E699853" bold="true" box="[875,1029,1122,1147]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Colouration:</emphasis>
Body bluish-grey green above, yellowish below, with black bands. Head dark brown with a yellow curved mark above, connecting posteriorly with yellow band at back of head. With age, become brownish and markings less apparent (
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B4A6567647D3A06FB1A3E8198EA" author="Smith" box="[1119,1261,1194,1218]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" refString="Smith, M. A. (1926) Monograph of the sea-snakes (Hydrophiidae). Printed by order of the Trustees of the British museum (Natural History) London, Pages i-xvii + 1 - 130 + 2 plates." type="book chapter" year="1926">Smith, 1926</bibRefCitation>
).
<emphasis id="B90BEAA96567647D3B58FB1A3F5698EB" bold="true" box="[1281,1338,1194,1219]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Size:</emphasis>
<quantity id="4C879B5E6567647D3B1BFB1A3FF498EA" box="[1346,1432,1194,1218]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.35" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="cm" value="135.0">135 cm</quantity>
.
<emphasis id="B90BEAA96567647D3ECEFB7E3BE198CF" bold="true" box="[151,397,1230,1255]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">General distribution</emphasis>
:
<collectingCountry id="F368762B6567647D3FC5FB7E387198CE" box="[412,541,1230,1254]" name="Philippines" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Philippines</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F368762B6567647D3C70FB7E380298CE" box="[553,622,1230,1254]" name="China" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">China</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F368762B6567647D3C23FB7E38A398CE" box="[634,719,1230,1254]" name="Taiwan" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F368762B6567647D3C82FB7F397798CE" box="[731,795,1231,1254]" name="Japan" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Japan</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="F368762B6567647D3D0BFB7E39F198CE" box="[850,925,1230,1254]" name="Russia" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Russia</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B4A6567647D3DF4FB7E3E5798CE" author="Smith" box="[941,1083,1230,1254]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" refString="Smith, M. A. (1926) Monograph of the sea-snakes (Hydrophiidae). Printed by order of the Trustees of the British museum (Natural History) London, Pages i-xvii + 1 - 130 + 2 plates." type="book chapter" year="1926">Smith, 1926</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B4A6567647D3A1EFB7E3F4298CE" author="Zhao" box="[1095,1326,1230,1254]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" refString="Zhao, E. &amp; Adler, K. (1993) Herpetology of China. Society for the study of Amphibians and Reptiles. Oxford, Ohio, pp." type="book" year="1993">Zhao &amp; Adler, 1993</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B4A6567647D3B63FB7E3B4A9922" author="David" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" refString="David, P. &amp; Ineich, I. (1999) Les Serpents venimeux du monde: systematique et repartition. Dumerilia (Paris), 3, 3 - 499." type="journal article" year="1999">David &amp; Ineich, 1999</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B4A6567647D3F6BFB423BA69922" author="Kharin" box="[306,458,1266,1290]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" refString="Kharin, V. E. (2009) Redescription of a Russian finding of the Erabu Sea Krait Pseudolaticauda semifasciata (Reinwardt in Schlegel, 1837), with remarks about species composition of sea snakes (Serpentes: Laticaudidae, Hydrophiidae) in Russian and adjacent waters. Russian Journal of Marine Biology, 35, 8 - 14." type="journal article" year="2009">Kharin, 2009</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>