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<mods:title id="96521EDC83BEF213ECC4CDF54EB4003C">Australian Diplectroninae reviewed (Insecta: Trichoptera), with description of 21 new species, most referred to a new genus</mods:title>
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Subfamily
<taxonomicName id="4C7F9DF733573F3B910320239E8BBA64" ID-CoL="JG6" authorityName="Ulmer" authorityYear="1951" box="[287,472,785,811]" class="Insecta" family="Hydropsychidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Diplectroninae">Diplectroninae</taxonomicName>
Ulmer
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Diplectroninae
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<bibRefCitation id="EFEE9B8533573F3B912F206A9EE3BA21" box="[307,432,856,878]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" refId="ref36631" refString="Ulmer, G. (1951) Kocherfliegen (Trichopteren) von den Sunda-Inseln. Teil I. Archiv fur Hydrobiologie, 19 (Supplement), 1 - 528." type="journal article">Ulmer 1951</bibRefCitation>
: 173
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, 175, 303.
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<paragraph id="8BC0E67433573F3B908B20A89B36BDB8" blockId="4.[151,1437,922,2030]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
When first established, three genera were included in the subfamily:
<taxonomicName id="4C7F9DF733573F3B938320A99B76BAFC" authorityName=", Mosely &amp; Kimmins" authorityYear="1953" box="[927,1061,923,947]" class="Insecta" family="Hydropsychidae" genus="Diplectrona" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90B3A6633573F3B938320A99B76BAFC" box="[927,1061,923,947]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Diplectrona</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C7F9DF733573F3B942820A99A3BBAFC" authority="Ulmer 1928" authorityName="Ulmer" authorityYear="1928" box="[1076,1384,922,947]" class="Insecta" family="Hydropsychidae" genus="Diplectronella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90B3A6633573F3B942820A99B84BAFC" box="[1076,1239,923,947]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Diplectronella</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE9B8533573F3B94C220A89A3BBAFC" box="[1246,1384,922,947]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" refId="ref36606" refString="Ulmer, G. (1928) Uber die Trichopterengattung Hydromanicus und Verwandte. Konowia, 7 (4), 314 - 318." type="journal article">Ulmer 1928</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="4C7F9DF733573F3B908B208D9EE2BA98" authority="McLachlan 1866" authorityName="McLachlan" authorityYear="1866" box="[151,433,958,983]" class="Insecta" family="Hydropsychidae" genus="Sciops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90B3A6633573F3B908B208D9FB3BA99" box="[151,224,959,982]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Sciops</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE9B8533573F3B90F7208C9EE2BA98" box="[235,433,958,983]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" refId="ref35571" refString="McLachlan, R. (1866) Descriptions of new or little-known genera and species of exotic Trichoptera; with observations on certain species described by Mr. F. Walker. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, Series 3, 5 (3), 247 - 275." type="journal article">McLachlan 1866</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE9B8533573F3B91DC208C9DC9BA98" box="[448,666,958,983]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" refId="ref36631" refString="Ulmer, G. (1951) Kocherfliegen (Trichopteren) von den Sunda-Inseln. Teil I. Archiv fur Hydrobiologie, 19 (Supplement), 1 - 528." type="journal article">Ulmer (1951, 174)</bibRefCitation>
also suggested that a further five genera, including
<taxonomicName id="4C7F9DF733573F3B951A208C9ACFBA99" box="[1286,1436,958,982]" class="Insecta" family="Hydropsychidae" genus="Austropsyche" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90B3A6633573F3B951A208C9ACFBA99" box="[1286,1436,958,982]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Austropsyche</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
probably belong in the subfamily; subsequently
<taxonomicName id="4C7F9DF733573F3B92C920D19C38BAB4" box="[725,875,995,1019]" class="Insecta" family="Hydropsychidae" genus="Austropsyche" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90B3A6633573F3B92C920D19C38BAB4" box="[725,875,995,1019]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Austropsyche</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was referred to
<taxonomicName id="4C7F9DF733573F3B942520D09BB0BAB4" authorityName="Ulmer" authorityYear="1951" box="[1081,1251,994,1019]" class="Insecta" family="Hydropsychidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Diplectroninae">Diplectroninae</taxonomicName>
. More recently, several diplectronine genera have been synonymised with
<taxonomicName id="4C7F9DF733573F3B933127349CE0BD51" authorityName=", Mosely &amp; Kimmins" authorityYear="1953" box="[813,947,1030,1054]" class="Insecta" family="Hydropsychidae" genus="Diplectrona" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90B3A6633573F3B933127349CE0BD51" box="[813,947,1030,1054]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Diplectrona</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="4C7F9DF733573F3B93D827349B35BD51" authorityName="Ulmer" authorityYear="1928" box="[964,1126,1030,1054]" class="Insecta" family="Hydropsychidae" genus="Diplectronella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90B3A6633573F3B93D827349B35BD51" box="[964,1126,1030,1054]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Diplectronella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE9B8533573F3B948E27349A49BD50" box="[1170,1306,1030,1055]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" refId="ref35229" refString="Flint, O. S. Jr. (2001) Diplectroninae of Sri Lanka (Trichoptera: Hydropsychidae). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 114, 91 - 103." type="journal article">Flint (2001)</bibRefCitation>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C7F9DF733573F3B954F27359ACFBD51" authorityName="McLachlan" authorityYear="1866" box="[1363,1436,1031,1054]" class="Insecta" family="Hydropsychidae" genus="Sciops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90B3A6633573F3B954F27359ACFBD51" box="[1363,1436,1031,1054]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Sciops</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(as well as another genus,
<taxonomicName id="4C7F9DF733573F3B91D827199DFFBD0C" authority="Mosely 1951" authorityName="Mosely" authorityYear="1951" box="[452,684,1066,1091]" class="Insecta" family="Hydropsychidae" genus="Diplex" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90B3A6633573F3B91D827199D5CBD0C" box="[452,527,1067,1091]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Diplex</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE9B8533573F3B920B27189DFFBD0C" box="[535,684,1066,1091]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" refId="ref35779" refString="Mosely, M. E. (1951) Descriptions of new Sarawak Trichoptera. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 12, 480 - 490." type="journal article">Mosely 1951</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
) by
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE9B8533573F3B92FD27189CC7BD0C" box="[737,916,1066,1091]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" refId="ref35527" refString="Malicky, H. (2002) Ein Beitrag zur Kenntnis asiatischer Arten der Gattung Diplectrona Westwood 1840 (Trichoptera, Hydropsychidae) (gleichzeitig Arbeit Nr. 34 uber thailandische Kocherfliegen). Linzer Biologische Beitrage, 34, 1201 - 1236." type="journal article">Malicky (2002)</bibRefCitation>
; and further genera have been assigned to the subfamily:
<taxonomicName id="4C7F9DF733573F3B9100277C9D6FBD28" authority="Ross 1938" authorityName="Ross" authorityYear="1938" box="[284,572,1102,1127]" class="Insecta" family="Hydropsychidae" genus="Homoplectra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90B3A6633573F3B9100277C9EE3BD29" box="[284,432,1102,1126]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Homoplectra</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE9B8533573F3B91A1277D9D6FBD28" box="[445,572,1103,1127]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" refId="ref36223" refString="Ross, H. H. (1938) Descriptions of new North American Trichoptera. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 40, 117 - 124." type="journal article">Ross 1938</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C7F9DF733573F3B9251277C9C02BD28" authority="Ross 1941" authorityName="Ross" authorityYear="1941" box="[589,849,1102,1127]" class="Insecta" family="Hydropsychidae" genus="Oropsyche" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90B3A6633573F3B9251277C9D96BD29" box="[589,709,1102,1126]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Oropsyche</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE9B8533573F3B92CF277D9C02BD28" box="[723,849,1103,1127]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" refId="ref36253" refString="Ross, H. H. (1941) Descriptions and records of North American Trichoptera. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 67, 35 - 126." type="journal article">Ross 1941</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C7F9DF733573F3B9378277C9BD2BD28" authority="Barnard 1934" authorityName="Barnard" authorityYear="1934" box="[868,1153,1102,1127]" class="Insecta" family="Hydropsychidae" genus="Sciadorus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90B3A6633573F3B9378277C9C87BD29" box="[868,980,1102,1126]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Sciadorus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE9B8533573F3B93FD277C9BD2BD28" box="[993,1153,1102,1127]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" refId="ref34930" refString="Barnard, K. H. (1934) South African caddis-flies (Trichoptera). Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa, 21, 291 - 394. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00359193409518885" type="journal article">Barnard 1934</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(see
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE9B8533573F3B94D5277D9A09BD28" box="[1225,1370,1103,1127]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" refId="ref35737" refString="Morse, J. C. (Ed.) (2017) Trichoptera World Checklist. Available from: http: // entweb. clemson. edu / database / trichopt / index. htm (accessed 23 March 2017)" type="journal article">Morse 2017</bibRefCitation>
), and
<taxonomicName id="4C7F9DF733573F3B908B27419E86BDC4" authority="Neboiss 2003" authorityName=", Neboiss" authorityYear="2003" box="[151,469,1138,1163]" class="Insecta" family="Hydropsychidae" genus="Diemeniluma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90B3A6633573F3B908B27419E7DBDC4" box="[151,302,1139,1163]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Diemeniluma</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE9B8533573F3B912A27409E86BDC4" box="[310,469,1138,1163]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" refId="ref36116" refString="Neboiss, A. (2003). New genera and species, and new records, of Tasmanian Trichoptera (Insecta). Papers and Proceedings of the Royal Society of Tasmania, 136 [&quot; 2002 &quot;], 43 - 82. [dated 2003 according to personal communication, M. Davies, editor (2003 - present), Papers and Proceedings of the Royal Society of Tasmania]" type="journal article">Neboiss 2003</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. Since recent molecular analyses suggest that
<taxonomicName id="4C7F9DF733573F3B93F827409BD9BDC4" authorityName="Ulmer" authorityYear="1951" box="[996,1162,1138,1163]" class="Insecta" family="Hydropsychidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Diplectroninae">Diplectroninae</taxonomicName>
genera are paraphyletic (
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE9B8533573F3B908227A49E2DBDE0" box="[158,382,1174,1199]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" refId="ref35264" refString="Geraci, C. J., Kjer, K. M., Morse, J. C. &amp; Blahnik, R. J. (2005) Phylogenetic relationships of Hydropsychidae subfamilies based on morphology and DNA sequence data. In: Tanida, K. &amp; Rossiter, A. (Eds.), Proceedings of the 11 th International Symposium on Trichoptera. Tokai University Press, Kanagawa, pp. 131 - 136." type="book chapter">
Geraci
<emphasis id="B90B3A6633573F3B90EB27A59E7DBDE1" box="[247,302,1174,1198]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">et al</emphasis>
. 2005
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE9B8533573F3B919227A49D73BDE0" box="[398,544,1174,1199]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" refId="ref36552" refString="Stocks, I. C. (2011) Description of the female of Parapsyche cardis Ross (Hydropsychidae: Arctopsychinae) and a revised key to the genera of Hydropsychidae (Trichoptera: Annulipalpia) of the southeastern United states, using wing characters. Zootaxa, 2831, 23 - 38." type="journal article">Stocks 2011</bibRefCitation>
), the diagnosis given here, based on only morphological features, must be regarded as tentative. It is adequate currently for Australian taxa and, as noted above, could also include the genus
<taxonomicName id="4C7F9DF733573F3B908B27EC9E63BDB9" authorityName="Neboiss" authorityYear="1977" box="[151,304,1246,1270]" class="Insecta" family="Hydropsychidae" genus="Smicrophylax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90B3A6633573F3B908B27EC9E63BDB9" box="[151,304,1246,1270]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Smicrophylax</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
which,
<emphasis id="B90B3A6633573F3B919527ED9E81BDB9" box="[393,466,1247,1270]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">contra</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE9B8533573F3B91C527EC9DD4BDB8" box="[473,647,1246,1271]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" refId="ref35860" refString="Neboiss, A. (1977) A taxonomic and zoogeographic study of Tasmanian caddis flies (Insecta: Trichoptera). Memoirs of the National Museum of Victoria, 38, 1 - 208, pls. 1 - 3. https: // doi. org / 10.24199 / j. mmv. 1977.38.01" type="journal article">Neboiss (1977)</bibRefCitation>
, also has an anteromesal wart on the head.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C365B5FF33573F3B90DB26309BF7BCC5" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BC0E67433573F3B90DB26309BF7BCC5" blockId="4.[151,1437,922,2030]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<emphasis id="B90B3A6633573F3B90DB26309E69BC54" bold="true" box="[199,314,1282,1307]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Diagnosis</emphasis>
(modified after
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE9B8533573F3B91F326309D24BC54" box="[495,631,1282,1307]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" refId="ref36631" refString="Ulmer, G. (1951) Kocherfliegen (Trichopteren) von den Sunda-Inseln. Teil I. Archiv fur Hydrobiologie, 19 (Supplement), 1 - 528." type="journal article">Ulmer 1951</bibRefCitation>
, 167). Distinguished from other
<taxonomicName id="4C7F9DF733573F3B93FE26309BC9BC54" authorityName="Curtis" authorityYear="1835" box="[994,1178,1282,1307]" class="Insecta" family="Hydropsychidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Hydropsychidae</taxonomicName>
subfamilies by sternite V with a pair of filaments apicolaterally; male abdomen with two pairs of reticulate-walled, internal glandular structures; hind wings large, rounded, with Sc and R l more or less bowed distally; and antennae appearing to be crenate, due to median sutures and/or tufts of setae on some segments (
<figureCitation id="1344FAF133573F3B93AF26439B60BCC5" box="[947,1075,1393,1418]" captionStart="FIGURES 1731" captionStartId="11.[151,264,1435,1458]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1410]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1436,193,1414]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 1731. Diplectrona Westwood 1839 spp., diagnostic features. 1721, heads, dorsal: 17, D. felix McLachlan 1878 (France, Pyrenees), ♂; 1819, D. tasmanica Jacquemart 1965 (Pine River, Cradle Mountain Road, Tas.): 18, ♂, and 19, ♀; 20, D. inermis (Banks 1939; NSW, Leura, Bridle Vale), ♂; 21, D. spinata (Banks 1939; Qld, Springbrook), ♂. 2224, ♂ right wings, dorsal: 22, D. castanea (Kimmins 1953; Tas., Nelson River at base of Nelson Falls [TRI-15004]), right fore- and hind wings, dorsal; 23, D. spinata (Qld, Branch Creek, Brisbane Riv. Catchment [TRI-30501]), right forewing, dorsal; 24, D. willandi sp.nov. (holotype), right fore- and hind wings, dorsal. 2526, sectionsof ♂ antennae:25, D. felix; 26, D. inermis. 27 28, ♂ maxillary palps: 27, D. castanea; 28, D.spinata. 29, D. inermis, ♂ reticulate-walled internal sacs of abdominal segments VIand VII, ventral.30, D. felix, ♂ right lateral filament on abdominal segment V, ventral.31, D.inermis, ♂ leftlateral filament on abdominal segment V, ventral. Scale bars = 2 mm. Abbreviations: ac = anal cell; alw = anterolateral wart; amw = anteromesal wart; A 1+2+3 = fused anal veins A 1, A 2, A 3; dc = discoidal cell; mc = median cell; pw = posterior wart." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1241742/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Figs 25, 26</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1344FAF133573F3B942326409B0EBCC5" box="[1087,1117,1394,1418]" captionStart="FIGURES 7083" captionStartId="22.[151,264,1474,1497]" captionTargetBox="[160,1424,193,1464]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[160,1424,193,1464]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURES 7083. Austropsyche Banks 1939 spp., ♂ diagnostic features.7075, heads, dorsal:70, Au.victoriana Banks 1939; 71, Au.bifurcata (Kimmins 1953); 72, Au. kaputar sp. nov.; 73, Au. acuta sp. nov.; 74, Au. ambigua sp. nov.; 75, Au. morana sp. nov. 7679, right fore- and hind wings, dorsal: 76, Au.victoriana; 77, Au. kaputar sp. nov.; 78, Au.acuta sp. nov.; 79, Au. morana sp. nov. 80, Au. acuta sp. nov., antennal segments. 81, Au. acuta sp. nov., maxillary palp. 82, Au. victoriana, reticulate-walled internal sacs of abdominal segments VI and VII, ventral. 83, Au. acuta sp. nov., left lateral filament on segment V, ventral. Scale bars = 2 mm. Abbreviations: ac = anal cell; alw = anterolateral wart; amw = anteromesal wart; A 1+2+3 = fused anal veins A 1, A 2, A 3; dc = discoidal cell; mc = median cell; pw = posterior wart." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1241750/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">80</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1344FAF133573F3B947526439BC4BCC5" box="[1129,1175,1393,1418]" captionStart="FIGURES 146163" captionStartId="39.[151,264,1675,1698]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,209,1614]" captionTargetId="figure@39.[151,1436,209,1620]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="FIGURES 146163. Arcyphysa gen. nov. spp., ♂ diagnostic features. 146150, heads, dorsal: 146, Arc.angusta (Banks 1939; [PT-1005]); 147, Arc. carnarvona sp. nov. (Qld, Carnarvon Gorge); 148, Arc. satana (Mosely 1953; N Qld, Crystal Cascades, Trib. Crystal Creek); 149, Arc. diamontona sp. nov. [PT-1047]; 150, Arc. hystricosa (Neboiss 1979; Qld, North Stradbroke Island [PT-512]). 151, Arc. diamontana (Vic., Diamond Creek, 7 km SE of Gembrook), ♂ right fore- and hind wings, dorsal. 152153, Arc. hystricosa [PT-512]: 152, antennal segments; 153, maxillary palp. 154163, ♂ genitalia. 154155, Arc. hystricosa [PT-512]: 154, ventral, and 155, left lateral; 156157, Arc. satana (N Qld, Crystal Cascades, Trib. Crystal Creek): 156, ventral, and 157, left lateral; 158159, Arc. angusta (NSW, Styx R. [PT-1005]): 158, ventral, and 159, left lateral; 160 161, Arc. candela sp. nov. (NSW, Brown Mountain [PT-1017]): 160, ventral, and 161, left lateral; 162163, Arc. diamontona [PT-1047]:162, ventral, and 163, left lateral. Scale bar = 2 mm. Abbreviations: ac = anal cell; alp = apicolateral process; A 1+2+3 = fused anal veins A 1, A 2, A 3;dc = discoidal cell; dalw = divided anterolateral wart; cox = coxopodite; mc = mediancell; har = harpago; ph = phallic apparatus; pw = posterior wart; X = abdominal segment X." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1241762/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">152</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C365B5FF33573F3B90DB26A79B18BEE9" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BC0E67433573F3B90DB26A79AC5BFE6" blockId="4.[151,1437,922,2030]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<emphasis id="B90B3A6633573F3B90DB26A79E02BCE1" bold="true" box="[199,337,1429,1454]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Description</emphasis>
(modified after
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE9B8533573F3B921626A79DF0BCE1" box="[522,675,1429,1454]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" refId="ref36190" refString="Nimmo, A. P. (1987) The adult Arctopsychidae and Hydropsychidae (Trichoptera) of Canada and adjacent United States. Quaestiones Entomologicae, 23, 1 - 189." type="journal article">Nimmo 1987</bibRefCitation>
). Medium to large. Wings generally large; wide basally, rounded or angular distally. Antennae equal in length to forewings, or slightly longer. Cephalic warts less prominent than in
<taxonomicName id="4C7F9DF733573F3B908B26EF9E04BCB9" authorityName="Ulmer" authorityYear="1905" box="[151,343,1501,1526]" class="Insecta" family="Hydropsychidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Macronematinae">Macronematinae</taxonomicName>
; posterior pair large, oval; anterolateral pair often divided; anteromesal [interantennal] wart small, round. Thorax large, robust. Male foreleg tarsal claws normal, equal, not overhung by setal tufts. Tarsi of middle leg of female rarely expanded, may be flattened (
<taxonomicName id="4C7F9DF733573F3B92E925179CDDBF72" authorityName="Neboiss" authorityYear="1977" box="[757,910,1573,1597]" class="Insecta" family="Hydropsychidae" genus="Smicrophylax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90B3A6633573F3B92E925179CDDBF72" box="[757,910,1573,1597]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Smicrophylax</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). Spur formula 2,4,4. Forewing Sc and R1 complete, unfused, or joined distally; often robust; discoidal and median cells small, subequal, closed; forks fIfV present; fI, fIII, and fV petiolate; thyridial cell closed, in contact with median. Hind wing often widened at midpoint; Sc and R1 distinct throughout; discoidal cell closed, elongate; fII, fIII, and fV present; median cell open.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC0E67433573F3B90DB25879DB3BE11" blockId="4.[151,1437,922,2030]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Male. Genitalia: tergum X roof-like dorsal of aedeagus; fused entirely or partially with segment IX; with or without wart-like preanal appendages, with or without lateral processes. Sternite IX with or without processes at apicolateral angles. Aedeagus simple or complex, curved, basally expanded, with or without spines or spicules. Gonopods (claspers or inferior appendages) long, each of 2 articles, basal coxopodite, distal harpago, harpago usually shorter than coxopodite, sometimes bilobed.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC0E67433573F3B90DB245B9B18BEE9" blockId="4.[151,1437,922,2030]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Female. Terminal abdomen bluntly rounded; segment X with or without clasper receptacles, if present, not prominent; cerci prominent between two pairs of tubercles (papillae, protuberances).</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C365B5FF33573F3A90DB24839C5ABA77" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BC0E67433573F3A90DB24839BD5B8E2" blockId="4.[151,1437,922,2030]" lastBlockId="5.[151,1437,151,824]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<emphasis id="B90B3A6633573F3B90DB24839E68BE85" bold="true" box="[199,315,1969,1994]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Remarks.</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="F368A6E433573F3B915924839EFFBE85" box="[325,428,1969,1994]" name="Australia" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Australia</collectingCountry>
has a number of species that accord with the above definition of
<taxonomicName id="4C7F9DF733573F3B94A424839A31BE85" authorityName="Ulmer" authorityYear="1951" box="[1208,1378,1969,1994]" class="Insecta" family="Hydropsychidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Diplectroninae">Diplectroninae</taxonomicName>
. The problems arise in deciding identity and limitations of genera that occur in
<collectingCountry id="F368A6E433573F3B93F824E79B1DBEA1" box="[996,1102,2005,2030]" name="Australia" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Australia</collectingCountry>
. The species of
<taxonomicName id="4C7F9DF733573F3B951A24E79ACFBEA2" box="[1286,1436,2005,2029]" class="Insecta" family="Hydropsychidae" genus="Austropsyche" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90B3A6633573F3B951A24E79ACFBEA2" box="[1286,1436,2005,2029]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Austropsyche</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
form a recognisable set, defined by the autapomorphic mesal process on the coxopodite of each male gonopod, and the form of the dorsal setal warts on the head.
<taxonomicName id="4C7F9DF733563F3A9284238E9C62B99B" authorityName="Neboiss" authorityYear="1977" box="[664,817,188,212]" class="Insecta" family="Hydropsychidae" genus="Smicrophylax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90B3A6633563F3A9284238E9C62B99B" box="[664,817,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Smicrophylax</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be defined by the fused harpago and coxopodite on each male gonopod; this genus is not dealt with here. Another set can be separated on the basis of the anterolateral warts on the head being divided to form two almost equal, laterally elongate warts separated by well-pronounced sutures; these species also share the characteristic of having one or two lateral lobes on the distal margin of abdominal segments IX/X. They are assigned here to a new genus,
<taxonomicName id="4C7F9DF733563F3A939B227E9CAFB82B" authority="Wells &amp; Contents, 2018" authorityName="Wells &amp; Contents" authorityYear="2018" box="[903,1020,332,356]" class="Insecta" family="Hydropsychidae" genus="Arcyphysa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="B90B3A6633563F3A939B227E9CAFB82B" box="[903,1020,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Arcyphysa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B90B3A6633563F3A9418227E9B3EB82A" bold="true" box="[1028,1133,332,357]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A238871D33563F3A9418227E9B3EB82A" box="[1028,1133,332,357]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="genus">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
Of the remainder, as noted above,
<taxonomicName id="4C7F9DF733563F3A90F522429ED3B8C7" authorityName=", Neboiss" authorityYear="2003" box="[233,384,368,392]" class="Insecta" family="Hydropsychidae" genus="Diemeniluma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90B3A6633563F3A90F522429ED3B8C7" box="[233,384,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Diemeniluma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is not separable from members of another set, currently referred to
<taxonomicName id="4C7F9DF733563F3A949A22429A5FB8C7" authorityName=", Mosely &amp; Kimmins" authorityYear="1953" box="[1158,1292,368,392]" class="Insecta" family="Hydropsychidae" genus="Diplectrona" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90B3A6633563F3A949A22429A5FB8C7" box="[1158,1292,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Diplectrona</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The phallic apparatus of most Australian species of
<taxonomicName id="4C7F9DF733563F3A924B22A69D8EB8E3" authorityName=", Mosely &amp; Kimmins" authorityYear="1953" box="[599,733,404,428]" class="Insecta" family="Hydropsychidae" genus="Diplectrona" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90B3A6633563F3A924B22A69D8EB8E3" box="[599,733,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Diplectrona</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
bear spines or spicules of some form.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC0E67433563F3A90DB228A9C5CBBCA" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,824]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
An enigmatic species from north-eastern Australia (two specimens are available, one each in NMV and ANIC) conforms to diplectronine genera in having two pairs of reticulate-walled sacs in the abdomen and paired filaments laterally on abdominal segment 5. However, unlike all other Australian diplectronines, this species has the hind wing quite narrow, the wing shape and venation resembling that of
<taxonomicName id="4C7F9DF733563F3A93B821169B93BB73" baseAuthorityName="McLachlan" baseAuthorityYear="1871" box="[932,1216,548,572]" class="Insecta" family="Hydropsychidae" genus="Cheumatopsyche" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="modica">
<emphasis id="B90B3A6633563F3A93B821169B93BB73" box="[932,1216,548,572]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Cheumatopsyche modica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, with the forewing vein A1 parallel to the wing margin, and the hind wing lacking fork 1 and the median cell; the head warts resemble those of
<taxonomicName id="4C7F9DF733563F3A90EB215E9E2EBBCB" authorityName=", Mosely &amp; Kimmins" authorityYear="1953" box="[247,381,620,644]" class="Insecta" family="Hydropsychidae" genus="Diplectrona" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90B3A6633563F3A90EB215E9E2EBBCB" box="[247,381,620,644]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Diplectrona</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. This species is not dealt with here.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC0E67433563F3A90DB21A29C5ABA77" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,824]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
For most species reviewed here, few specimens are available in collections, which suggests that they may be rare; few Australian diplectronine species have been collected in large numbers at any time. An exception is
<taxonomicName id="4C7F9DF733563F3A908B21EA9E21BBBF" authority="Wells &amp; Contents, 2018" authorityName="Wells &amp; Contents" authorityYear="2018" box="[151,370,728,752]" class="Insecta" family="Hydropsychidae" genus="Austropsyche" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="acuta" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B90B3A6633563F3A908B21EA9E21BBBF" box="[151,370,728,752]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Austropsyche acuta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A238871D33563F3A916521E59E82BBA0" box="[377,465,727,752]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B90B3A6633563F3A916521E59E98BBBF" bold="true" box="[377,459,727,752]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">sp. nov</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
, adults of which were abundant at lights set beside a small permanent stream in northeastern
<collectingRegion id="49BB289633563F3A90F321CF9EE9BA5A" box="[239,442,764,789]" country="Australia" name="New South Wales" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
New
<collectingRegion id="49BB289633563F3A913021CE9EE9BA5A" box="[300,442,764,789]" inferredBySuffix="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
South
<collectingCountry id="F368A6E433563F3A916A21CE9EE9BA5A" box="[374,442,764,789]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Wales</collectingCountry>
</collectingRegion>
</collectingRegion>
in
<date id="FFC1C0B433563F3A91FD21CE9DC6BA5A" box="[481,661,764,789]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" value="2006-12">December 2006</date>
and 2017. Some of the other hydropsychids are often abundant, for example,
<taxonomicName id="4C7F9DF733563F3A911820129E90BA77" authorityName="Wallengren" authorityYear="1891" box="[260,451,800,824]" class="Insecta" family="Hydropsychidae" genus="Cheumatopsyche" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90B3A6633563F3A911820129E90BA77" box="[260,451,800,824]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Cheumatopsyche</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species in parts of
<collectingCountry id="F368A6E433563F3A9286202D9C57BA77" box="[666,772,799,824]" name="Australia" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Australia</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>