258 lines
32 KiB
XML
258 lines
32 KiB
XML
<document id="AD3AF2ACB9D5C8C6841AEEC83F6A9BC8" ID-CLB-Dataset="7528" ID-DOI="10.3853/j.0067-1975.49.1997.1263" ID-GBIF-Dataset="b7ab4334-f461-4258-a6aa-d1ff6ad0cf49" ID-ISSN="0067-1975" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4655107" IM.metadata_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" checkinTime="1617232620113" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Williams, R. R. G." docDate="1997" docId="03BB87C2FFDE5438FA9BF91029307AA7" docLanguage="en" docName="RecAustMus.49.2.139-166.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Records of the Australian Museum 49 (2)" docSource="https://journals.australian.museum/williams-1997-rec-aust-mus-492-139166/" docStyle="DocumentStyle:D3147822FB22E0797CFA40BA2FBFB595.2:RecAustMus.1986-1997.journal_article" docStyleId="D3147822FB22E0797CFA40BA2FBFB595" docStyleName="RecAustMus.1986-1997.journal_article" docStyleVersion="2" docTitle="Lepidogalaxias" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="157" masterDocId="FF82FFBAFFCE542AFF83FFE72B577146" masterDocTitle="Bones and muscles of the suspensorium in the galaxioids and Lepidogalaxias salamandroides (Teleostei: Osmeriformes) and their phylogenetic significance" masterLastPageNumber="166" masterPageNumber="139" pageNumber="155" updateTime="1698935782630" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="6C5FF50E8AFD9631BD1B93E3D205EB74">Bones and muscles of the suspensorium in the galaxioids and Lepidogalaxias salamandroides (Teleostei: Osmeriformes) and their phylogenetic significance</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="10F9C7D92708942C0BEDE60CC470131C">Williams, R. R. G.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="9F6746F6C36EC96BDCA61ADA3C44E018">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="B94234E989DB0E7F4690A6D0D4B4344B">Records of the Australian Museum</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="9924C7F3F8A210AB8172365ECD106FCD">
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<mods:date id="3EFF867A1445019556074CCA784C04DF">1997</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="B1E08DD5D325A666070D439AB89DD2DE">1997-10-15</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="AB6FEE5985BFFB3AF75C946FF34640CF">49</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="523876FFB23A1116CDE83179E0A9CAD0">139</mods:start>
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<mods:classification id="F01E795E961319D9757FC3B64BC96365">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="7795C505BB88CA9F33AA6DBB8734CCFC" type="DOI">10.3853/j.0067-1975.49.1997.1263</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="DD1A8D87584B9466E06D5136D9B2D6CE" type="ISSN">0067-1975</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03BB87C2FFDE5438FA9BF91029307AA7" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4658944" ID-GBIF-Taxon="180784631" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4658944" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BB87C2FFDE5438FA9BF91029307AA7" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BB87C2FFDE5438FA9BF91029307AA7" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="157" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">
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<subSubSection id="C308655FFFDE543AFA9BF91023FA7658" box="[1304,2221,1783,1822]" pageId="16" pageNumber="155" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BAD36D4FFDE543AFA9BF91023FA7658" blockId="16.[1304,2221,1783,1822]" box="[1304,2221,1783,1822]" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">
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<heading id="D0E581B8FFDE543AFA9BF9102D08765B" box="[1304,1631,1783,1821]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="16" pageNumber="155" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="4C124D57FFDE543AFA9BF9102D08765B" ID-CoL="5CH8" ID-ENA="89577" box="[1304,1631,1783,1821]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Lepidogalaxiidae" genus="Lepidogalaxias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Osmeriformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="155" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B966EAC6FFDE543AFA9BF9102D08765B" bold="true" box="[1304,1631,1783,1821]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">Lepidogalaxias</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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<emphasis id="B966EAC6FFDE543AF9FEF91F23FA7658" bold="true" box="[1661,2221,1784,1822]" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">+Galaxiidae + Aplochitonidae</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C308655FFFDE543BFB7BF88E2C277D19" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="156" pageId="16" pageNumber="155" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BAD36D4FFDE543AFB7BF88E2C35795C" blockId="16.[1263,2265,1897,2074]" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">
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(8B)
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<emphasis id="B966EAC6FFDE543AFAE5F88E2EAF76AA" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">
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Lateral foramen for hyomandibular branch
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<subSection id="E29D2F3FFFDE543AF732F88E2EAF76AA" pageId="16" pageNumber="155" type="multiple">
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<heading id="D0E581B8FFDE543AF732F88E238E7680" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="16" pageNumber="155" reason="5">of facial nerve at ventral end of lateral strut of</heading>
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hyomandibular
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</subSection>
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</emphasis>
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(see synapomorphy 8 for details). A lateral strut is absent in
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<emphasis id="B966EAC6FFDE543AF952F8142C35795C" box="[1745,1890,2035,2074]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">
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<taxonomicName id="4C124D57FFDE543AF952F8142C0A795C" authorityName="McCulloch" authorityYear="1915" box="[1745,1885,2035,2074]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Galaxiidae" genus="Lovettia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Osmeriformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="155" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Lovettia</taxonomicName>
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.
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</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BAD36D4FFDE543AFB7BF785239B78DB" blockId="16.[1269,2257,2146,2461]" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">
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<emphasis id="B966EAC6FFDE543AFB7BF785238679CF" box="[1272,2257,2146,2185]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">(13) Mesopterygoidal teeth reduced in number or absent</emphasis>
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(
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<figureCitation id="13292A51FFDE543AFA80F7772ED179F1" box="[1283,1414,2192,2231]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="15.[220,328,1581,1620]" captionText="Figure 13 presents the galaxioid relationships suggested by the data from the suspensorium and its muscles. The" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
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: BA). These teeth are also absent in esocoids, salmonids, salangids, alepocephalids, and the Argentinoidea, and are few in platytroctids. Primitively in galaxioids (
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<taxonomicName id="4C124D57FFDE543AF99AF6FD2C587807" authorityName="Gill" authorityYear="1862" box="[1561,1807,2330,2369]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Retropinnidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Osmeriformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="155" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Retropinnidae</taxonomicName>
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+
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<taxonomicName id="4C124D57FFDE543AF8EAF6FD23357807" box="[1897,2146,2330,2369]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Prototroctidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Osmeriformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="155" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Prototroctidae</taxonomicName>
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) and osmerids the entire medioventral surface of the mesopterygoid bears numerous teeth (
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<bibRefCitation id="EF834B25FFDE543AF826F69123EC78DB" author="Williams, R. R. G." box="[1957,2235,2422,2461]" pageId="16" pageNumber="155" refId="ref15675" refString="Williams, R. R. G., 1987. The phylogenetic relationships of the salmoniform fishes based on the suspensorium and its muscles. Unpublished Ph. D. thesis, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada." type="book" year="1987">Williams, 1987</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<footnote id="E8092ADAFFDE543AFB75F602239C7D22" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">
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<paragraph id="8BAD36D4FFDE543AFB75F602239C7D22" blockId="16.[1264,2255,2533,3172]" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">
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<emphasis id="B966EAC6FFDE543AFB75F6022E177B7D" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">(14) Metapterygoid small with axe-shaped endochondral part</emphasis>
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(shared with
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<emphasis id="B966EAC6FFDE543AF9FEF5F42CB17B7D" box="[1661,2022,2579,2619]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">
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<taxonomicName id="4C124D57FFDE543AF9FEF5F42C6C7B7D" authorityName="Schultz" authorityYear="1929" box="[1661,1851,2579,2619]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Umbridae" genus="Novumbra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Esociformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="155" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Novumbra</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C124D57FFDE543AF8EBF5F42C887B7D" box="[1896,2015,2579,2619]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Umbridae" genus="Dallia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Esociformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="155" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Dallia</taxonomicName>
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,
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</emphasis>
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and some Argentinoidea). It is smaller in the latter three taxa, and in
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<taxonomicName id="4C124D57FFDE543AFAA6F5882E817BD1" authorityName="Schultz" authorityYear="1929" box="[1317,1494,2671,2711]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Umbridae" genus="Novumbra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Esociformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="155" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B966EAC6FFDE543AFAA6F5882E817BD1" box="[1317,1494,2671,2711]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">Novumbra</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C124D57FFDE543AF9B6F5882DC87BD1" box="[1589,1695,2671,2711]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Umbridae" genus="Dallia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Esociformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="155" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B966EAC6FFDE543AF9B6F5882DC87BD1" box="[1589,1695,2671,2711]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">Dallia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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overlaps a unique anteroventral wing of the hyomandibular. Primitively, the metapterygoid is somewhat large with a prominent rectangular or lunate endochondral section. 10hnson & Patterson (1996) believe that a greatly reduced metapterygoid that fails to contact the symplectic and hyomandibular unites only
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<taxonomicName id="4C124D57FFDE543AFB70F4632E2C7AED" authorityName="McCulloch" authorityYear="1915" box="[1267,1403,2948,2987]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Galaxiidae" genus="Lovettia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Osmeriformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="155" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B966EAC6FFDE543AFB70F4632E2C7AED" box="[1267,1403,2948,2987]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">Lovettia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<emphasis id="B966EAC6FFDE543AFA55F4632D887AED" box="[1494,1759,2948,2987]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">
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<taxonomicName id="4C124D57FFDE543AFA55F4632D8D7AED" box="[1494,1754,2948,2987]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Lepidogalaxiidae" genus="Lepidogalaxias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Osmeriformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="155" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Lepidogalaxias</taxonomicName>
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.
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</emphasis>
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However, the metapterygoid is also relatively small in
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<taxonomicName id="4C124D57FFDE543AF935F4562C3B7A9F" authorityName="Jenyns in Jenyns" authorityYear="1842" box="[1718,1900,2993,3033]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Galaxiidae" genus="Aplochiton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Osmeriformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="155" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B966EAC6FFDE543AF935F4562C3B7A9F" box="[1718,1900,2993,3033]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">Aplochiton</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and the
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<taxonomicName id="4C124D57FFDE543AF788F45623927A9F" box="[2059,2245,2993,3033]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Galaxiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Osmeriformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="155" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Galaxiidae</taxonomicName>
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. Although the metapterygoid does not contact the hyomandibular and symplectic in
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<taxonomicName id="4C124D57FFDE543AF849F3EA23327D73" authorityName="McCulloch" authorityYear="1915" box="[1994,2149,3085,3125]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Galaxiidae" genus="Lovettia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Osmeriformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="155" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B966EAC6FFDE543AF849F3EA23327D73" box="[1994,2149,3085,3125]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">Lovettia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<emphasis id="B966EAC6FFDE543AFB71F3DB2EA87D22" box="[1266,1535,3132,3172]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">
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<taxonomicName id="4C124D57FFDE543AFB71F3DB2EAE7D22" box="[1266,1529,3132,3172]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Lepidogalaxiidae" genus="Lepidogalaxias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Osmeriformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="155" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Lepidogalaxias</taxonomicName>
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,
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</emphasis>
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this is also true of the equally small
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</paragraph>
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</footnote>
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<caption id="DF6D665CFFDF543BFEFCF8772E6F769B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4658954" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4658954" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4658954/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="156" targetBox="[271,2263,381,1821]" targetPageId="17">
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<paragraph id="8BAD36D4FFDF543BFEFCF8772E6F769B" blockId="17.[383,2110,1936,2013]" pageId="17" pageNumber="156">
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<emphasis id="B966EAC6FFDF543BFEFCF8772AED76F5" bold="true" box="[383,442,1936,1971]" pageId="17" pageNumber="156">Fig.</emphasis>
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14. Lateral view of external muscles of left suspensorium in
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<taxonomicName id="4C124D57FFDF543BFA20F8772DBE76F5" baseAuthorityName="Girard" baseAuthorityYear="1854" box="[1443,1769,1936,1971]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Osmeridae" genus="Hypomesus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Osmeriformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="156" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pretiosus">
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<emphasis id="B966EAC6FFDF543BFA20F8772DBE76F5" box="[1443,1769,1936,1971]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="156">Hypomesus pretiosus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(UAMZ 3515, 135.4 mm) to illustrate elements commonly referred to in text.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="8BAD36D4FFDF543BFF66F7D228937836" blockId="17.[228,1211,2101,2416]" pageId="17" pageNumber="156">
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galaxiids
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<taxonomicName id="4C124D57FFDF543BFE23F7D22FE4791A" authority="(Williarns, 1987)" baseAuthorityName="Williarns" baseAuthorityYear="1987" box="[416,1203,2101,2140]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Galaxiidae" genus="Galaxias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Osmeriformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="156" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="paucispondylus">
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<emphasis id="B966EAC6FFDF543BFE23F7D2280A791A" box="[416,861,2101,2140]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="156">Galaxias paucispondylus</emphasis>
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(Williarns, 1987)
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C124D57FFDF543BFF64F784297379CD" baseAuthorityName="Mack" baseAuthorityYear="1936" box="[231,548,2147,2187]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Galaxiidae" genus="Galaxiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Osmeriformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="156" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pusilla">
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<emphasis id="B966EAC6FFDF543BFF64F784297379CD" box="[231,548,2147,2187]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="156">Galaxiella pusilla</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and G.
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<taxonomicName id="4C124D57FFDF543BFD6FF7842A1C79FE" authority="(Frankenberg, 1969)" baseAuthorityName="Frankenberg" baseAuthorityYear="1969" class="Actinopterygii" family="Galaxiidae" genus="Galaxiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Osmeriformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="156" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigrostriata">
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<emphasis id="B966EAC6FFDF543BFD6FF78428E779CD" box="[748,944,2147,2187]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="156">nigrostriata</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EF834B25FFDF543BFC5EF7842A6879FE" author="Frankenberg, R. S." pageId="17" pageNumber="156" refId="ref14128" refString="Frankenberg, R. S., 1969. Study on the evolution of galaxiid fishes with particular reference to the Australian fauna. Unpublished Ph. D. thesis, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia." type="book" year="1969">Frankenberg, 1969</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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. Furthermore, the metapterygoid does not contact the symplectic and just barely contacts the hyomandibular in
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<taxonomicName id="4C124D57FFDF543BFDBAF70A28E57853" authorityName="Jenyns in Jenyns" authorityYear="1842" box="[569,946,2285,2325]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Galaxiidae" genus="Aplochiton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Osmeriformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="156" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="taeniatus">
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<emphasis id="B966EAC6FFDF543BFDBAF70A28E57853" box="[569,946,2285,2325]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="156">Aplochiton taeniatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(Fig. 6), and contacts neither the symplectic nor the hyomandibular in
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<taxonomicName id="4C124D57FFDF543BFE9CF6AE2AE87836" authorityName="Jenyns in Jenyns" authorityYear="1842" box="[287,447,2377,2416]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Galaxiidae" genus="Aplochiton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Osmeriformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="156" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="zebra">
|
|
<emphasis id="B966EAC6FFDF543BFE9CF6AE2AE87836" box="[287,447,2377,2416]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="156">A. zebra</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF834B25FFDF543BFE64F6AE28767836" author="McDowall, R. M." box="[487,801,2377,2416]" pageId="17" pageNumber="156" pagination="796 - 824" refId="ref14549" refString="McDowall, R. M., 1969. Relationships of galaxioid fishes with a further discussion of salmoniform classification. Copeia 1969 (4): 796 - 824." type="journal article" year="1969">McDowall, 1969</bibRefCitation>
|
|
, fig. 3).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<footnote id="E8092ADAFFDF543BFF67F6552FEE7D19" pageId="17" pageNumber="156">
|
|
<paragraph id="8BAD36D4FFDF543BFF67F6552FEE7D19" blockId="17.[227,1210,2482,3167]" pageId="17" pageNumber="156">
|
|
<emphasis id="B966EAC6FFDF543BFF67F65529087B4E" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="156">(15) Adductor mandibulae with unique maxillomandibular ligament.</emphasis>
|
|
Osmerids (Fig. 14) and more generalised and primitive clupeomorphs and elopomorphs have the primitive state. The ostariophysan pattern is an autapomorphy (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF834B25FFDF543BFDB4F58C28CE7BD4" author="Fink, S. Y. & W. L. Fink" box="[567,921,2667,2706]" pageId="17" pageNumber="156" pagination="297 - 353" refId="ref13978" refString="Fink, S. Y. & W. L. Fink, 1981. Interrelationships of the ostariophysan fishes (Teleostei). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 72: 297 - 353." type="journal article" year="1981">Fink & Fink, 1981</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF834B25FFDF543BFC39F58C2FF17BD4" author="Howes, G. J." box="[954,1190,2667,2706]" pageId="17" pageNumber="156" pagination="147 - 200" refId="ref14280" refString="Howes, G. J., 1985. Cranial muscles of gonorynchiform fishes, with comments on generic relationships. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Zoology 36: 147 - 200." type="journal article" year="1985">Howes, 1985</bibRefCitation>
|
|
). Primitively, there is one external division of the adductor mandibulae, section A2. There is also an Aw section (= intramandibularis) anterior to A2 that inserts in and fills the Meckelian fossa on the medial surface of the lower jaw. Section A2 inserts mainly on the medial surface of the lower jaw (via a tendinous aponeurosis) and connects with the maxilla and the posterolateral surface of the lower jaw via the maxillo-mandibular ligament (= ligamentum primordium, labelled L.x, L.y, and L.z on Fig. 14). In
|
|
<emphasis id="B966EAC6FFDF543BFD16F3D028F67D19" box="[661,929,3127,3167]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="156">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C124D57FFDF543BFD16F3D028CC7D19" box="[661,923,3127,3167]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Lepidogalaxiidae" genus="Lepidogalaxias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Osmeriformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="156" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Lepidogalaxias</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C124D57FFDF543BFC3BF3D02F3E7D19" box="[952,1129,3127,3167]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Galaxiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Osmeriformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="156" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Galaxiidae</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</footnote>
|
|
<paragraph id="8BAD36D4FFDF543BFA80F7D22C677B11" blockId="17.[1283,2265,2101,2140]" lastBlockId="17.[1281,2266,2147,2647]" pageId="17" pageNumber="156">
|
|
<heading id="D0E581B8FFDF543BFA80F7D2238E791A" box="[1283,2265,2101,2140]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="17" pageNumber="156" reason="4">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C124D57FFDF543BFA80F7D22D53791A" box="[1283,1540,2101,2140]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Aplochitonidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Osmeriformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="156" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Aplochitonidae</taxonomicName>
|
|
the maxillo-mandibular ligament extends
|
|
</heading>
|
|
from the anterolateral end of section A2 to the maxilla. However, the part of the maxillo-mandibular ligament attaching onto the lower jaw is unlike the outgroups. The section extending to the angulo-articular (
|
|
<figureCitation id="13292A51FFDF543BF7D3F70A2E787804" captionStart-0="Fig" captionStart-1="Fig" captionStart-2="Fig" captionStartId-0="13.[396,450,1491,1527]" captionStartId-1="13.[395,450,3056,3092]" captionStartId-2="14.[380,435,1460,1495]" captionTargetBox-0="[249,2250,390,1454]" captionTargetBox-1="[254,2241,1716,3002]" captionTargetBox-2="[196,2185,433,1418]" captionText-0="Fig. 10. Galaxias maculatus (UAMZ 4609, 92.6 mm): (A) lateral view of external muscles of left suspensorium; (B) ventrolateral (slightly posterior) view of tendons/ligaments attaching section A2 of adductor mandibulae onto maxilla and lower jaw, anterolateral fibres of section A2 inserting onto tendons/ligaments are removed. Ligament L (see Fig. 9) is not drawn." captionText-1="Fig. 11. Galaxias Jasciatus (UAMZ 5122, 95.2 mm): (A) lateral view of external muscles of left suspensorium; (B) ventrolateral (slightly posterior) view of tendons/ligaments attaching section A2 of adductor mandibulae onto maxilla and lower jaw, anterolateral fibres of section A2 inserting onto tendons/ligaments are removed. Ligament L (see Fig. 9) is not drawn." captionText-2="Fig. 12. Lateral view of external muscles of left suspensorium III 104.1 mm). Ligament L (see Fig. 9) is not drawn." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4658946" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4658948" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4658950" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/4658946/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/4658948/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/4658950/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="156">Figs 9- 12</figureCitation>
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|
: L.y) is reduced so there is almost no separate segment (Fig. 14: L.z) extending from the adductor mandibulae to the main part (L.x-L.y) of the maxillomandibular ligament. The maxillo-mandibular ligament also has a new section (
|
|
<figureCitation id="13292A51FFDF543BF966F6342CF778BD" box="[1765,1952,2515,2555]" captionStart-0="Fig" captionStart-1="Fig" captionStart-2="Fig" captionStartId-0="13.[396,450,1491,1527]" captionStartId-1="13.[395,450,3056,3092]" captionStartId-2="14.[380,435,1460,1495]" captionTargetBox-0="[249,2250,390,1454]" captionTargetBox-1="[254,2241,1716,3002]" captionTargetBox-2="[196,2185,433,1418]" captionText-0="Fig. 10. Galaxias maculatus (UAMZ 4609, 92.6 mm): (A) lateral view of external muscles of left suspensorium; (B) ventrolateral (slightly posterior) view of tendons/ligaments attaching section A2 of adductor mandibulae onto maxilla and lower jaw, anterolateral fibres of section A2 inserting onto tendons/ligaments are removed. Ligament L (see Fig. 9) is not drawn." captionText-1="Fig. 11. Galaxias Jasciatus (UAMZ 5122, 95.2 mm): (A) lateral view of external muscles of left suspensorium; (B) ventrolateral (slightly posterior) view of tendons/ligaments attaching section A2 of adductor mandibulae onto maxilla and lower jaw, anterolateral fibres of section A2 inserting onto tendons/ligaments are removed. Ligament L (see Fig. 9) is not drawn." captionText-2="Fig. 12. Lateral view of external muscles of left suspensorium III 104.1 mm). Ligament L (see Fig. 9) is not drawn." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4658946" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4658948" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4658950" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/4658946/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/4658948/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/4658950/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="156">Figs 9-12</figureCitation>
|
|
: L.w) extending anteroventrally from the intersection of L.x and L.y to the coronoid process (dentary).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<subSection id="E29D2F3FFFDF543BFA81F57E2C277D19" pageId="17" pageNumber="156" type="multiple">
|
|
<paragraph id="8BAD36D4FFDF543BFA81F57E238D7BA8" blockId="17.[1280,2273,2713,3167]" pageId="17" pageNumber="156">
|
|
<heading id="D0E581B8FFDF543BFA81F57E238D7BA8" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="17" pageNumber="156" reason="5">
|
|
<emphasis id="B966EAC6FFDF543BFA81F57E238D7BA8" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="156">(16) Tendinous aponeurosis on which medial fibres of section A2 ofadductor mandibulae insert not connected</emphasis>
|
|
</heading>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8BAD36D4FFDF543BFA81F5122C277D19" blockId="17.[1280,2273,2713,3167]" pageId="17" pageNumber="156">
|
|
<emphasis id="B966EAC6FFDF543BFA81F5122D8B7A0C" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="156">with posteriormost end of maxilla-mandibular ligament or barely connected with it</emphasis>
|
|
(shared with the argentinoid
|
|
<emphasis id="B966EAC6FFDF543BFA83F4B62EB77A3E" box="[1280,1504,2897,2936]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="156">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C124D57FFDF543BFA83F4B62E997A3E" authorityName="Gunther" authorityYear="1878" box="[1280,1486,2897,2936]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Bathylagidae" genus="Bathylagus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Osmeriformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="156" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Bathylagus</taxonomicName>
|
|
).
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
The state in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C124D57FFDF543BF89DF4B62CF87A3E" authorityName="McCulloch" authorityYear="1915" box="[1822,1967,2897,2936]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Galaxiidae" genus="Lovettia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Osmeriformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="156" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B966EAC6FFDF543BF89DF4B62CF87A3E" box="[1822,1967,2897,2936]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="156">Lovettia</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
could not be determined mainly because of small specimen size. Primitively, there is a distinct connection between the anterodorsal edge of the tendinous aponeurosis (before it bifurcates anteriorly) and the posteriormost end of the maxillo-mandibular ligament.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSection>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<caption id="DF6D665CFFDC5438FE05F8E12312766F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4655121" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4655121" box="[390,2117,1798,1833]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4655121/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="157" startId="18.[390,445,1798,1833]" targetBox="[291,2271,408,1548]" targetPageId="18">
|
|
<paragraph id="8BAD36D4FFDC5438FE05F8E12312766F" blockId="18.[390,2117,1798,1833]" box="[390,2117,1798,1833]" pageId="18" pageNumber="157">
|
|
<emphasis id="B966EAC6FFDC5438FE05F8E12A95766F" bold="true" box="[390,450,1798,1833]" pageId="18" pageNumber="157">Fig.</emphasis>
|
|
15. Lateral view of external muscles of left suspensorium in
|
|
<subSection id="E29D2F3FFFDC5438FA5EF8E12312766F" box="[1501,2117,1798,1833]" pageId="18" pageNumber="157" type="multiple">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C124D57FFDC5438FA5EF8E12DC5766F" baseAuthorityName="Kirtland" baseAuthorityYear="1840" box="[1501,1682,1798,1833]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Umbridae" genus="Umbra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Esociformes" pageId="18" pageNumber="157" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="limi">
|
|
<emphasis id="B966EAC6FFDC5438FA5EF8E12DC5766F" box="[1501,1682,1798,1833]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="157">Umbra limi</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(
|
|
<collectionCode id="ED03AE11FFDC5438F931F8E12C77766F" box="[1714,1824,1798,1833]" country="Canada" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/gaa4-xdwp" name="University of Alberta Museum of Zoology" pageId="18" pageNumber="157" type="University or college">UAMZ</collectionCode>
|
|
3752, 67.4 mm).
|
|
</subSection>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
<subSubSection id="C308655FFFDC5438FF68F85029307AA7" pageId="18" pageNumber="157" type="multiple">
|
|
<footnote id="E8092ADAFFDC5438FF68F85028B17BD7" pageId="18" pageNumber="157">
|
|
<paragraph id="8BAD36D4FFDC5438FF68F85028B17BD7" blockId="18.[233,1226,1975,2705]" pageId="18" pageNumber="157">
|
|
<emphasis id="B966EAC6FFDC5438FF68F8502F4A794B" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="157">(17) Short ligament between posteromedial surface of maxilla and coronoid process of lower jaw</emphasis>
|
|
(Fig. 9: L). Although the posteromedial surface of the maxilla is connected to the coronoid process via connective tissue in the other salmoniforms, none has a similar ligament. All esocoids have a ligament between the coronoid process and maxilla (Figs 15, 16, 18, 19: L.cm), but it is not the maxillo-mandibular ligament since both occur in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C124D57FFDC5438FDC5F6C029CE7809" box="[582,665,2343,2383]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Esocidae" genus="Esox" kingdom="Animalia" order="Esociformes" pageId="18" pageNumber="157" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B966EAC6FFDC5438FDC5F6C029CE7809" box="[582,665,2343,2383]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="157">Esox</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(Fig. 18). It is not homologous with the galaxioid ligament because it is much longer and flatter, extends anteroposteriorly, and inserts farther anteriorly on the maxilla. Also, connective tissue extends between the posteromedial surface of the maxilla and the coronoid process, but there is no ligament. This coronoid-maxilla ligament IS a new esocoid synapomorphy (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF834B25FFDC5438FD37F58D28827BD7" author="Williams, R. R. G." box="[692,981,2666,2705]" pageId="18" pageNumber="157" refId="ref15675" refString="Williams, R. R. G., 1987. The phylogenetic relationships of the salmoniform fishes based on the suspensorium and its muscles. Unpublished Ph. D. thesis, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada." type="book" year="1987">Williams, 1987</bibRefCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</footnote>
|
|
<footnote id="E8092ADAFFDC5438FF68F53429307AA7" pageId="18" pageNumber="157">
|
|
<paragraph id="8BAD36D4FFDC5438FF68F53429307AA7" blockId="18.[234,1219,2771,3041]" pageId="18" pageNumber="157">
|
|
(18)
|
|
<emphasis id="B966EAC6FFDC5438FECCF5342FD77BBC" box="[335,1152,2771,2810]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="157">Adductor arcus palatini expanded anteriorly</emphasis>
|
|
so
|
|
<emphasis id="B966EAC6FFDC5438FF68F4E62F947A6E" box="[235,1219,2817,2856]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="157">insertion includes dorsal surface of mesopterygoid</emphasis>
|
|
(shared with Esocoidei,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C124D57FFDC5438FD17F4C828007A10" box="[660,855,2863,2902]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Salmonidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Salmoniformes" pageId="18" pageNumber="157" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Salmoninae">Salmoninae</taxonomicName>
|
|
, and Argentinoidea). Primitively, it is posterior and inserts on the hyomandibular, and usually the metapterygoid (see also
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF834B25FFDC5438FF69F45E29007AA7" author="Winterbottom, R." box="[234,599,3001,3041]" pageId="18" pageNumber="157" pagination="225 - 317" refId="ref15927" refString="Winterbottom, R., 1974. A descriptive synonymy of the striated muscles of the Teleostei. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 125: 225 - 317." type="journal article" year="1974">Winterbottom, 1974</bibRefCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</footnote>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
</treatment>
|
|
</document> |