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<document id="C94DE4A32162C827CF6ECB9492A1A30F" ID-CLB-Dataset="42349" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3911.2.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="8baa9579-e863-47db-b025-7acc20458ac0" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="238815" ID-ZooBank="5C32A1B4-E4AB-4BC3-8E8A-1BF435587D17" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460940336171" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Ugalde, Diana, Gómez, Patricia &amp; Simões, Nuno" docDate="2015" docId="03BB0249607FFFCDFF54D5E382D4BE63" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03911p183.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3911 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Dysidea variabilis Duchassaing &amp; Michelotti 1864" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="178" masterDocId="FF827A316065FFD6FFC3D30A810FBD76" masterDocTitle="Marine sponges (Porifera: Demospongiae) from the Gulf of México, new records and redescription of Erylus trisphaerus (de Laubenfels, 1953)" masterLastPageNumber="183" masterPageNumber="151" pageNumber="177" updateTime="1698584134703" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="F975F01DCD29BD5C086FA3C088E0E5A6">Marine sponges (Porifera: Demospongiae) from the Gulf of México, new records and redescription of Erylus trisphaerus (de Laubenfels, 1953)</mods:title>
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<paragraph id="8BADB35F607FFFCCFF54D5E38217BA75" blockId="26.[151,792,1769,1829]" box="[151,792,1769,1795]" pageId="26" pageNumber="177">
<heading id="D0E50433607FFFCCFF54D5E38217BA75" bold="true" box="[151,792,1769,1795]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="26" pageNumber="177" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C12C8DC607FFFCCFF54D5E38217BA75" ID-CoL="389FN" authority="Duchassaing &amp; Michelotti, 1864" authorityName="Duchassaing &amp; Michelotti" authorityYear="1864" box="[151,792,1769,1795]" class="Demospongiae" family="Dysideidae" genus="Dysidea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dictyoceratida" pageId="26" pageNumber="177" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="variabilis">
<emphasis id="B9666F4D607FFFCCFF54D5E38217BA75" bold="true" box="[151,792,1769,1795]" pageId="26" pageNumber="177">
<emphasis id="B9666F4D607FFFCCFF54D5E38061BA75" bold="true" box="[151,366,1769,1795]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="177">Dysidea variabilis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF83CEAE607FFFCCFEBED5E3821FBA75" author="Duchassaing" box="[381,784,1769,1795]" pageId="26" pageNumber="177" refString="Duchassaing, F. P. &amp; Michelotti, G. (1864) Spongiaires de la mer Caraibe. Natuurkundige verhandelingen van de Hollandsche maatschappij der wetenschappen te Haarlem, 21, 1 - 24." type="journal article" year="1864">Duchassaing &amp; Michelotti, 1864</bibRefCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BADB35F607FFFCCFF54D4068062BA52" blockId="26.[151,792,1769,1829]" box="[151,365,1804,1829]" pageId="26" pageNumber="177">
(
<figureCitation id="1329AFDA607FFFCCFF5CD40681FEBA52" box="[159,241,1804,1829]" captionStart="FIGURE 20" captionStartId="26.[151,250,1449,1471]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,339,1425]" captionTargetId="figure@26.[151,1436,339,1425]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURE 20. Hyatella cavernosa (Pallas, 1766): A. Specimen preserved in alcohol. B. Irregular polygonal reticulation of spongin fibres in choanosomal skeleton. Dysidea variabilis (Duchassaing &amp; Michelotti, 1864): C. Specimen preserved in alcohol. D. Choanosomal arrangement consisting of an irregular reticulation made of foreign material like sand or spicules bound by spongin." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/238835/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="177">Fig. 20</figureCitation>
CD; 22D)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BADB35F607FFFCCFF54D45E822EBAFF" blockId="26.[151,975,1876,1929]" pageId="26" pageNumber="177">
Selected synonymy:
<taxonomicName id="4C12C8DC607FFFCCFEA9D45E82C5BA1C" authority="Duchassaing &amp; Michelotti, 1864:80" authorityName="Duchassaing &amp; Michelotti" authorityPageNumber="80" authorityYear="1864" box="[362,970,1876,1898]" class="Demospongiae" family="Niphatidae" genus="Amphimedon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="26" pageNumber="177" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="variabilis">
<emphasis id="B9666F4D607FFFCCFEA9D45E8359BA1C" box="[362,598,1876,1898]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="177">Amphimedon variabilis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF83CEAE607FFFCCFD9ED45E82A3BA1C" author="Duchassaing" box="[605,940,1876,1898]" pageId="26" pageNumber="177" refString="Duchassaing, F. P. &amp; Michelotti, G. (1864) Spongiaires de la mer Caraibe. Natuurkundige verhandelingen van de Hollandsche maatschappij der wetenschappen te Haarlem, 21, 1 - 24." type="journal article" year="1864">Duchassaing &amp; Michelotti, 1864</bibRefCitation>
:80
</taxonomicName>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C12C8DC607FFFCCFF54D479805EBAFF" box="[151,337,1907,1929]" class="Demospongiae" family="Dysideidae" genus="Dysidea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dictyoceratida" pageId="26" pageNumber="177" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="variabilis">
<emphasis id="B9666F4D607FFFCCFF54D479805EBAFF" box="[151,337,1907,1929]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="177">Dysidea variabilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EF83CEAE607FFFCCFE9DD4798326BAFF" author="Wiedenmayer" box="[350,553,1907,1929]" pageId="26" pageNumber="177" refString="Wiedenmayer, F. (1977) Shallow water sponges of the Western Bahamas. Experientia Supplementum, 28, 1 - 287. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 3 - 0348 - 5797 - 0" type="journal article" year="1977">Wiedenmayer 1977</bibRefCitation>
:146; van
<bibRefCitation id="EF83CEAE607FFFCCFD49D47983F1BAFF" author="Soest" box="[650,766,1907,1929]" pageId="26" pageNumber="177" refString="Soest, R. W. M. van (1978) Marine sponges from Curacao and other Caribbean localities. Part I. Keratosa. In: Hummelinck, P. W. &amp; Van der Steen, L. J. (Eds.), Studies on the Fauna of Curacao and other Caribbean Islands. Uitgaven van de Natuurwetenschappelijke Studiekring voor Suriname en de Nederlandse Antillen, No. 94, pp. 1 - 94." type="book chapter" year="1978">Soest 1978</bibRefCitation>
:52.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C308E0D4607FFFCCFF54D4BF8406BA84" pageId="26" pageNumber="177" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BADB35F607FFFCCFF54D4BF8406BA84" blockId="26.[151,1436,1973,2034]" pageId="26" pageNumber="177">
<emphasis id="B9666F4D607FFFCCFF54D4BF8072BAB8" bold="true" box="[151,381,1973,1998]" pageId="26" pageNumber="177">Material examined</emphasis>
.
<collectionCode id="ED032B9A607FFFCCFE4DD4BC80FEBAB8" box="[398,497,1974,1998]" pageId="26" pageNumber="177">CNPGG</collectionCode>
1217,
<collectionCode id="ED032B9A607FFFCCFD86D4BF83A8BAB8" box="[581,679,1973,1998]" pageId="26" pageNumber="177">CNPGG</collectionCode>
1405 Alacranes reef (
<geoCoordinate id="EE26D598607FFFCCFC6DD4BC8542BAB8" box="[942,1101,1974,1998]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="26" pageNumber="177" precision="1" value="22.395195">22º2342.7”N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE26D598607FFFCCFB9FD4BC85E5BAB8" box="[1116,1258,1974,1998]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="26" pageNumber="177" precision="15" value="-89.70555">89º4220”W</geoCoordinate>
) depth
<quantity id="4CEA1EBA607FFFCCFA85D4BC8478BABB" box="[1350,1399,1974,1998]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="26" pageNumber="177" unit="m" value="9.0">9 m</quantity>
,
<date id="FFAC959F607FFFCCFA45D4BC8004BA84" pageId="26" pageNumber="177" value="2009-08-01">1/ VIII/2009</date>
.
<collectionCode id="ED032B9A607FFFCCFED6D4D08079BA84" box="[277,374,2010,2034]" pageId="26" pageNumber="177">CNPGG</collectionCode>
1289 Alacranes reef (
<geoCoordinate id="EE26D598607FFFCCFDB1D4D08210BA84" box="[626,799,2010,2034]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="26" pageNumber="177" precision="1" value="22.386913">22º2312.89”N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE26D598607FFFCCFCE8D4D082D3BA84" box="[811,988,2010,2034]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="26" pageNumber="177" precision="1" value="-89.679085">89º4044.72”W</geoCoordinate>
) depth
<quantity id="4CEA1EBA607FFFCCFBF2D4D08564BA87" box="[1073,1131,2010,2034]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="26" pageNumber="177" unit="m" value="18.0">18 m</quantity>
,
<date id="FFAC959F607FFFCCFBB4D4D0840ABA84" box="[1143,1285,2010,2034]" pageId="26" pageNumber="177" value="2011-12-13">13/XII/2011</date>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C308E0D4607EFFCDFF04D39D82B4BCA6" pageId="27" pageNumber="178" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BADB35F607EFFCDFF04D39D8442BC13" blockId="27.[151,1437,151,789]" pageId="27" pageNumber="178">
<emphasis id="B9666F4D607EFFCDFF04D39D805EBDC6" bold="true" box="[199,337,151,176]" pageId="27" pageNumber="178">Description</emphasis>
. It is a massive-globular sponge with several lobes of different sizes scattered over entire sponge (
<figureCitation id="1329AFDA607EFFCDFF5CD3B681F8BDA2" box="[159,247,188,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 22" captionStartId="29.[151,250,1272,1294]" captionTargetBox="[340,1246,369,1250]" captionTargetId="figure@29.[340,1247,369,1251]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="FIGURE 22. Sponges in situ: A. Dragmacidon reticulatum. B. Agelas tubulata. C. Chalinula molitba. D. Dysidea variabilis." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/238837/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="178">Fig. 22</figureCitation>
D). Lobules collapse when the sponge is out of the water. Overall size
<quantity id="4CEA1EBA607EFFCDFB83D3B68585BDA2" box="[1088,1162,188,212]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="27" pageNumber="178" unit="cm" value="10.0">10 cm</quantity>
high,
<quantity id="4CEA1EBA607EFFCDFB1AD3B68426BDA2" box="[1241,1321,188,212]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.7" pageId="27" pageNumber="178" unit="cm" value="8.7">8.7 cm</quantity>
in width. Enveloped by a white ectosomal veil, and covered by a lot of sediment when alive. Oscules only on top of the sponge,
<quantity id="4CEA1EBA607EFFCDFF34D20E8078BC6A" box="[247,375,260,285]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="0.5" pageId="27" pageNumber="178" unit="cm" value="1.0" valueMax="1.5" valueMin="0.5">0.51.5 cm</quantity>
in diameter, surrounded by a thin and delicate membrane, which collapses in alcohol (
<figureCitation id="1329AFDA607EFFCDFAACD20E81B9BC36" captionStart="FIGURE 20" captionStartId="26.[151,250,1449,1471]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,339,1425]" captionTargetId="figure@26.[151,1436,339,1425]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURE 20. Hyatella cavernosa (Pallas, 1766): A. Specimen preserved in alcohol. B. Irregular polygonal reticulation of spongin fibres in choanosomal skeleton. Dysidea variabilis (Duchassaing &amp; Michelotti, 1864): C. Specimen preserved in alcohol. D. Choanosomal arrangement consisting of an irregular reticulation made of foreign material like sand or spicules bound by spongin." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/238835/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="178">Fig. 20</figureCitation>
C). The conules are not obvious under water but displayed when the sponge is out of the water;
<quantity id="4CEA1EBA607EFFCDFADED2228472BC49" box="[1309,1405,296,320]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="27" pageNumber="178" unit="mm" value="2.5" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="1.0">14 mm</quantity>
in height. The consistency is compressible but crumbly. The color is light orange when alive, beige in alcohol.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BADB35F607EFFCDFF04D26582B4BCA6" blockId="27.[151,1437,151,789]" pageId="27" pageNumber="178">
<emphasis id="B9666F4D607EFFCDFF04D2658021BCFE" bold="true" box="[199,302,367,392]" pageId="27" pageNumber="178">Skeleton</emphasis>
. The ectosome consists of a dense and irregular reticulation of fibres containing foreign material like sand and spicules. The choanosomal skeleton is made up by fibres 4585 µm in diameter, stuffed with sand and spicules; it forms rectangular meshes (
<figureCitation id="1329AFDA607EFFCDFD86D2BD8397BCA6" box="[581,664,439,464]" captionStart="FIGURE 20" captionStartId="26.[151,250,1449,1471]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,339,1425]" captionTargetId="figure@26.[151,1436,339,1425]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURE 20. Hyatella cavernosa (Pallas, 1766): A. Specimen preserved in alcohol. B. Irregular polygonal reticulation of spongin fibres in choanosomal skeleton. Dysidea variabilis (Duchassaing &amp; Michelotti, 1864): C. Specimen preserved in alcohol. D. Choanosomal arrangement consisting of an irregular reticulation made of foreign material like sand or spicules bound by spongin." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/238835/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="178">Fig. 20</figureCitation>
D), 120170 µm in width.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C308E0D4607EFFCDFF04D2D68302BF16" pageId="27" pageNumber="178" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BADB35F607EFFCDFF04D2D68302BF16" blockId="27.[151,1437,151,789]" pageId="27" pageNumber="178">
<emphasis id="B9666F4D607EFFCDFF04D2D680E1BC83" bold="true" box="[199,494,476,501]" pageId="27" pageNumber="178">Distribution and ecology</emphasis>
. St. Thomas (
<bibRefCitation id="EF83CEAE607EFFCDFD4DD2D682F0BC83" author="Duchassaing" box="[654,1023,476,501]" pageId="27" pageNumber="178" refString="Duchassaing, F. P. &amp; Michelotti, G. (1864) Spongiaires de la mer Caraibe. Natuurkundige verhandelingen van de Hollandsche maatschappij der wetenschappen te Haarlem, 21, 1 - 24." type="journal article" year="1864">Duchassaing &amp; Michelotti 1864</bibRefCitation>
); Florida (de
<bibRefCitation id="EF83CEAE607EFFCDFB58D2D68454BC83" author="Laubenfels" box="[1179,1371,476,501]" pageId="27" pageNumber="178" refString="Laubenfels, M. W. de (1936) A Discussion of the Sponge Fauna of the Dry Tortugas in Particular and the West Indies in General, with Material for a Revision of the Families and Orders of the Porifera. Carnegie Institute of Washington (Tortugas Laboratory Paper N ° 467), 30, 1 - 225." type="journal article" year="1936">Laubenfels 1936</bibRefCitation>
). The specimens were collected in coral reef environments, associated with dead coral, gorgonians and sponges, such as A
<emphasis id="B9666F4D607EFFCDFF68D12E8067BF4B" box="[171,360,548,573]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="178">plysina fistularis</emphasis>
and
<emphasis id="B9666F4D607EFFCDFE5CD12E834ABF4B" box="[415,581,548,573]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="178">
<taxonomicName id="4C12C8DC607EFFCDFE5CD12E834EBF4B" box="[415,577,548,573]" class="Demospongiae" family="Niphatidae" genus="Amphimedon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="27" pageNumber="178" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="cauliformis">A. cauliformis</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
between 9 and
<quantity id="4CEA1EBA607EFFCDFD34D12E823EBF4A" box="[759,817,548,572]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="27" pageNumber="178" unit="m" value="18.0">18 m</quantity>
depth. This is the first record of the species in
<collectingCountry id="F305F3CF607EFFCDFA85D12E8493BF4B" box="[1350,1436,548,573]" name="Mexico" pageId="27" pageNumber="178">Mexico</collectingCountry>
and the southern Gulf of
<collectingCountry id="F305F3CF607EFFCDFE6CD14D8306BF16" box="[431,521,583,608]" name="Mexico" pageId="27" pageNumber="178">Mexico</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C308E0D4607EFFCDFF04D16682D4BE63" pageId="27" pageNumber="178" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BADB35F607EFFCDFF04D16682D4BE63" blockId="27.[151,1437,151,789]" pageId="27" pageNumber="178">
<emphasis id="B9666F4D607EFFCDFF04D166803BBFF3" bold="true" box="[199,308,620,645]" pageId="27" pageNumber="178">Remarks</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C12C8DC607EFFCDFE85D1668316BFF3" box="[326,537,620,645]" class="Demospongiae" family="Dysideidae" genus="Dysidea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dictyoceratida" pageId="27" pageNumber="178" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="variabilis">
<emphasis id="B9666F4D607EFFCDFE85D1668316BFF3" box="[326,537,620,645]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="178">Dysidea variabilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was originally recorded red in color when alive (
<bibRefCitation id="EF83CEAE607EFFCDFBA9D16681DCBFDE" author="Duchassaing" pageId="27" pageNumber="178" refString="Duchassaing, F. P. &amp; Michelotti, G. (1864) Spongiaires de la mer Caraibe. Natuurkundige verhandelingen van de Hollandsche maatschappij der wetenschappen te Haarlem, 21, 1 - 24." type="journal article" year="1864">Duchassaing &amp; Michelotti 1864</bibRefCitation>
). Nevertheless, two colors have to be taken into account for the present species, the originally red and the orange color cited by de
<bibRefCitation id="EF83CEAE607EFFCDFE7AD1BE8384BFBB" author="Laubenfels" box="[441,651,692,717]" pageId="27" pageNumber="178" refString="Laubenfels, M. W. de (1936) A Discussion of the Sponge Fauna of the Dry Tortugas in Particular and the West Indies in General, with Material for a Revision of the Families and Orders of the Porifera. Carnegie Institute of Washington (Tortugas Laboratory Paper N ° 467), 30, 1 - 225." type="journal article" year="1936">Laubenfels (1936)</bibRefCitation>
, van
<bibRefCitation id="EF83CEAE607EFFCDFD0FD1BE8251BFBA" author="Soest" box="[716,862,692,716]" pageId="27" pageNumber="178" refString="Soest, R. W. M. van (1978) Marine sponges from Curacao and other Caribbean localities. Part I. Keratosa. In: Hummelinck, P. W. &amp; Van der Steen, L. J. (Eds.), Studies on the Fauna of Curacao and other Caribbean Islands. Uitgaven van de Natuurwetenschappelijke Studiekring voor Suriname en de Nederlandse Antillen, No. 94, pp. 1 - 94." type="book chapter" year="1978">Soest (1978)</bibRefCitation>
, and the one described here.
<bibRefCitation id="EF83CEAE607EFFCDFB71D1BE8493BFBA" box="[1202,1436,692,717]" pageId="27" pageNumber="178" refString="Rutzler, K., Soest, R. W. M. van &amp; Piatoni, C. (2009) Sponge (Porifera) of the Gulf of Mexico. In: Felder, D. L. &amp; Camp, D. K. (Eds.) Gulf of Mexico Origin, Waters, and Biota: Biodiversity. Texas A &amp; M University Press, Texas, pp. 1019 - 1104." type="book chapter">
Rützler
<emphasis id="B9666F4D607EFFCDFACED1BF8447BFBB" box="[1293,1352,692,717]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="178">et al.</emphasis>
(2009)
</bibRefCitation>
register this species within the waters of the GMx, and attribute such information to de
<bibRefCitation id="EF83CEAE607EFFCDFB02D1DD8496BF86" author="Laubenfels" box="[1217,1433,727,752]" pageId="27" pageNumber="178" refString="Laubenfels, M. W. de (1953) Sponges from the Gulf of Mexico. Bulletin of Marine Science Gulf and Caribbean, 2, 511 - 557." type="journal article" year="1953">Laubenfels (1953)</bibRefCitation>
. However, de Laubenfels does not mention this species in its work of 1953.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>