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<document id="B718FF8499B1293FB2C786BCACCF00A5" ID-CLB-Dataset="42349" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3911.2.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="8baa9579-e863-47db-b025-7acc20458ac0" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="238815" ID-ZooBank="5C32A1B4-E4AB-4BC3-8E8A-1BF435587D17" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460940336171" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Ugalde, Diana, Gómez, Patricia &amp; Simões, Nuno" docDate="2015" docId="03BB02496077FFC5FF54D2288463BEBE" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03911p183.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3911 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Axinella corrugata George &amp; Wilson 1919" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="170" masterDocId="FF827A316065FFD6FFC3D30A810FBD76" masterDocTitle="Marine sponges (Porifera: Demospongiae) from the Gulf of México, new records and redescription of Erylus trisphaerus (de Laubenfels, 1953)" masterLastPageNumber="183" masterPageNumber="151" pageNumber="169" updateTime="1698584134703" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods id="DE11C983564BBB34795B93A42339BBDA" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:title id="64814B89A2534B63F0A9A2F79B4EB17A">Marine sponges (Porifera: Demospongiae) from the Gulf of México, new records and redescription of Erylus trisphaerus (de Laubenfels, 1953)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="C480B0768D01EF6B0BB49E2333881439" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="2019A9E6C76203E067029ECD7E70C83A">Ugalde, Diana</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="9ADF2E9095DFC578D8C723F9263F8273">Gómez, Patricia</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="C18425F50AB0AD2D0F08E80BA4B996B3">Simões, Nuno</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="9C58AE3CDCAC01F0A738CE7850134201">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="C2580618DF12152A205D9F1DB292F02B">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="9564798A1BE36EE52D777517B48B94D9">
<mods:date id="DF52586EBC088EECEFE53002C4B6CD33">2015</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="2365343A6BF1237BECBA37FAC77B94B8" type="volume">
<mods:number id="24386C2E129AF02FCC72F1919EC80F43">3911</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="FB73E9C31BB2A4C07E0E89B181968254" type="issue">
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<mods:identifier id="15C6C3D653EDD0E8C12451282E752473" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3911.2.1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03BB02496077FFC5FF54D2288463BEBE" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5678298" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119591220" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5678298" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BB02496077FFC5FF54D2288463BEBE" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BB02496077FFC5FF54D2288463BEBE" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="170" pageId="18" pageNumber="169">
<subSubSection id="C308E0D46077FFC4FF54D22882E4BC89" pageId="18" pageNumber="169" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BADB35F6077FFC4FF54D22883B6BC4A" blockId="18.[151,697,290,350]" box="[151,697,290,316]" pageId="18" pageNumber="169">
<heading id="D0E504336077FFC4FF54D22883B6BC4A" bold="true" box="[151,697,290,316]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="169" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C12C8DC6077FFC4FF54D22883B6BC4A" authority="George &amp; Wilson, 1919" authorityName="George &amp; Wilson" authorityYear="1919" box="[151,697,290,316]" class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" genus="Axinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="18" pageNumber="169" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="corrugata">
<emphasis id="B9666F4D6077FFC4FF54D22883B6BC4A" bold="true" box="[151,697,290,316]" pageId="18" pageNumber="169">
<emphasis id="B9666F4D6077FFC4FF54D2288074BC4A" bold="true" box="[151,379,290,316]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="169">Axinella corrugata</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF83CEAE6077FFC4FE48D22883BEBC4A" author="George" box="[395,689,290,316]" pageId="18" pageNumber="169" refString="George, W. C. &amp; Wilson, H. V. (1919) Sponges of Beaufort (N. C.) Harbor and Vicinity. Bulletin of the Bureau of Fisheries, 36, 129 - 179. [Washington]" type="journal article" year="1919">George &amp; Wilson, 1919</bibRefCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BADB35F6077FFC4FF54D24F8021BC28" blockId="18.[151,697,290,350]" box="[151,302,325,350]" pageId="18" pageNumber="169">
(
<figureCitation id="1329AFDA6077FFC4FF5CD24F81E0BC28" box="[159,239,325,350]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="18.[151,250,1811,1833]" captionTargetBox="[463,1123,671,1786]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[463,1123,671,1787]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 14. Axinella corrugata (George &amp; Wilson, 1919): A. Specimen with flabellate habit preserved in alcohol. B. Choanosomal arrangement in an axial trend, round meshes and short plumose tracts. C. Common spicules in LM, styles and oxea with stepped ends." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/238829/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="169">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
A–C)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BADB35F6077FFC4FF54D2878300BCB4" blockId="18.[151,1003,397,511]" pageId="18" pageNumber="169">
Selected synonymy:
<taxonomicName id="4C12C8DC6077FFC4FEA9D2878264BCD5" authority="George &amp; Wilson, 1919:161" authorityName="George &amp; Wilson" authorityPageNumber="161" authorityYear="1919" box="[362,875,397,419]" class="Demospongiae" family="Dictyonellidae" genus="Acanthella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="18" pageNumber="169" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="corrugata">
<emphasis id="B9666F4D6077FFC4FEA9D287834CBCD5" box="[362,579,397,419]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="169">Acanthella corrugata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF83CEAE6077FFC4FD8AD287824FBCD5" author="George" box="[585,832,397,419]" pageId="18" pageNumber="169" refString="George, W. C. &amp; Wilson, H. V. (1919) Sponges of Beaufort (N. C.) Harbor and Vicinity. Bulletin of the Bureau of Fisheries, 36, 129 - 179. [Washington]" type="journal article" year="1919">George &amp; Wilson, 1919</bibRefCitation>
:161
</taxonomicName>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C12C8DC6077FFC4FF54D2A68060BCB4" box="[151,367,428,450]" class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" genus="Teichaxinella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Axinellida" pageId="18" pageNumber="169" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="burtoni">
<emphasis id="B9666F4D6077FFC4FF54D2A68060BCB4" box="[151,367,428,450]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="169">Teichaxinella burtoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EF83CEAE6077FFC4FEBFD2A780EFBCB4" author="Zea" box="[380,480,428,450]" pageId="18" pageNumber="169" refString="Zea, S. (1987) Esponjas del Caribe Colombiano. Editorial Catalogo Cientifico, Colombia, 283 pp." type="book" year="1987">Zea 1987</bibRefCitation>
:192.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BADB35F6077FFC4FF54D2C08205BC96" blockId="18.[151,1003,397,511]" box="[151,778,458,480]" pageId="18" pageNumber="169">
<taxonomicName id="4C12C8DC6077FFC4FF54D2C08058BC96" box="[151,343,458,480]" class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" genus="Axinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="18" pageNumber="169" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="corrugata">
<emphasis id="B9666F4D6077FFC4FF54D2C08058BC96" box="[151,343,458,480]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="169">Axinella corrugata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; Alvarez
<emphasis id="B9666F4D6077FFC4FE78D2C180E1BC96" box="[443,494,458,480]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="169">et al.</emphasis>
199810; Alcolado 2002: 62.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BADB35F6077FFC4FF54D2E082E4BC89" blockId="18.[151,1003,397,511]" box="[151,1003,489,511]" pageId="18" pageNumber="169">
Non:
<taxonomicName id="4C12C8DC6077FFC4FF13D2E3839DBC89" authority="Wiedenmayer, 1977:154" authorityName="Wiedenmayer" authorityPageNumber="154" authorityYear="1977" box="[208,658,489,511]" class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" genus="Axinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="18" pageNumber="169" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="morchella">
<emphasis id="B9666F4D6077FFC4FF13D2E3809FBC89" box="[208,400,489,511]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="169">Axinella morchella</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF83CEAE6077FFC4FE55D2E38369BC89" author="Wiedenmayer" box="[406,614,489,511]" pageId="18" pageNumber="169" refString="Wiedenmayer, F. (1977) Shallow water sponges of the Western Bahamas. Experientia Supplementum, 28, 1 - 287. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 3 - 0348 - 5797 - 0" type="journal article" year="1977">Wiedenmayer, 1977</bibRefCitation>
:154
</taxonomicName>
; Alcolado 2002:62 (valid species)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C308E0D46077FFC4FF54D12681DABF1E" pageId="18" pageNumber="169" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BADB35F6077FFC4FF54D12681DABF1E" blockId="18.[151,1436,556,616]" pageId="18" pageNumber="169">
<emphasis id="B9666F4D6077FFC4FF54D1268073BF33" bold="true" box="[151,380,556,581]" pageId="18" pageNumber="169">Material examined</emphasis>
.
<collectionCode id="ED032B9A6077FFC4FE4ED12680E1BF33" box="[397,494,556,581]" pageId="18" pageNumber="169">CNPGG</collectionCode>
–1406 Sisal Banks reefs (
<geoCoordinate id="EE26D5986077FFC4FCD7D12682C8BF32" box="[788,967,556,581]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="18" pageNumber="169" precision="1" value="21.439524">21°26'22.29” N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE26D5986077FFC4FC12D12685A2BF32" box="[977,1197,556,581]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="18" pageNumber="169" precision="1" value="-90.47372">90° 28' 25.392” W</geoCoordinate>
) depth
<quantity id="4CEA1EBA6077FFC4FAC5D126844BBF32" box="[1286,1348,556,580]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="18" pageNumber="169" unit="m" value="12.0">12 m</quantity>
,
<date id="FFAC959F6077FFC4FA90D12681DDBF1E" pageId="18" pageNumber="169" value="2011-06-13">13/VI/ 2011</date>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF6DE3D76077FFC4FF54D4198086BA11" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/238829/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="169" targetBox="[463,1123,671,1786]" targetPageId="18">
<paragraph id="8BADB35F6077FFC4FF54D4198086BA11" blockId="18.[151,1436,1811,1895]" pageId="18" pageNumber="169">
<emphasis id="B9666F4D6077FFC4FF54D4198011BA5E" bold="true" box="[151,286,1811,1833]" pageId="18" pageNumber="169">FIGURE 14</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C12C8DC6077FFC4FEF3D4198217BA5F" authority="George &amp; Wilson, 1919" authorityName="George &amp; Wilson" authorityYear="1919" box="[304,792,1811,1833]" class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" genus="Axinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="18" pageNumber="169" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="corrugata">
<emphasis id="B9666F4D6077FFC4FEF3D41980FABA5F" box="[304,501,1811,1833]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="169">Axinella corrugata</emphasis>
(George &amp; Wilson, 1919)
</taxonomicName>
: A. Specimen with flabellate habit preserved in alcohol. B. Choanosomal arrangement in an axial trend, round meshes and short plumose tracts. C. Common spicules in LM, styles and oxea with stepped ends.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C308E0D46077FFC5FF04D49982FABCA6" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="170" pageId="18" pageNumber="169" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BADB35F6077FFC4FF04D4998492BA82" blockId="18.[151,1437,1939,2036]" pageId="18" pageNumber="169">
<emphasis id="B9666F4D6077FFC4FF04D499805EBADA" bold="true" box="[199,337,1939,1964]" pageId="18" pageNumber="169">Description</emphasis>
. Flabellate shaped sponge supported by a small peduncle (
<figureCitation id="1329AFDA6077FFC4FC22D499853DBADA" box="[993,1074,1939,1964]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="18.[151,250,1811,1833]" captionTargetBox="[463,1123,671,1786]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[463,1123,671,1787]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 14. Axinella corrugata (George &amp; Wilson, 1919): A. Specimen with flabellate habit preserved in alcohol. B. Choanosomal arrangement in an axial trend, round meshes and short plumose tracts. C. Common spicules in LM, styles and oxea with stepped ends." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/238829/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="169">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
A),
<quantity id="4CEA1EBA6077FFC4FB9ED49E85AFBADD" box="[1117,1184,1940,1964]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="18" pageNumber="169" unit="cm" value="11.0">11 cm</quantity>
in total height,
<quantity id="4CEA1EBA6077FFC4FA93D49E8493BADD" box="[1360,1436,1940,1964]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.8" pageId="18" pageNumber="169" unit="cm" value="4.8">4.8 cm</quantity>
widest flabellate part, and 12 by
<quantity id="4CEA1EBA6077FFC4FDD2D4B2836DBAB9" box="[529,610,1976,2000]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="18" pageNumber="169" unit="mm" value="14.0">14 mm</quantity>
peduncle size. The surface is distinguished by irregular ridges radiating longitudinally, giving a corrugate aspect. The ridges are microhispid on top, but smooth on lateral parts and bottom.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BADB35F6076FFC5FF54D39D8307BD8E" blockId="19.[151,1436,151,968]" pageId="19" pageNumber="170">
Oscules in between the ridges are round to oval
<quantity id="4CEA1EBA6076FFC5FD6FD39D8212BDD9" box="[684,797,151,176]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.25" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="19" pageNumber="170" unit="mm" value="2.25" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="1.5">1.5–3 mm</quantity>
wide. Its consistency is slightly compressible but firm. A thin whitish dermis covers the body, which is lost in places. Its color is bright orange when alive, and turns to light orange or light brown in alcohol.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BADB35F6076FFC5FF04D20E829DBCF1" blockId="19.[151,1436,151,968]" pageId="19" pageNumber="170">
<emphasis id="B9666F4D6076FFC5FF04D20E8021BC6B" bold="true" box="[199,302,260,285]" pageId="19" pageNumber="170">Skeleton</emphasis>
. It is a vague reticulation arranged in an axial trend by an aggregate of tracts cored by few spicules and ending in short plumose tracts (
<figureCitation id="1329AFDA6076FFC5FD80D22D8380BC36" box="[579,655,295,320]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="18.[151,250,1811,1833]" captionTargetBox="[463,1123,671,1786]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[463,1123,671,1787]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 14. Axinella corrugata (George &amp; Wilson, 1919): A. Specimen with flabellate habit preserved in alcohol. B. Choanosomal arrangement in an axial trend, round meshes and short plumose tracts. C. Common spicules in LM, styles and oxea with stepped ends." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/238829/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="170">Fig.14</figureCitation>
B). Spicules outline round meshes, variable in size, 50–150 µm in diameter. Ascending fibres 50–110 µm in diameter not cored or cored by 1–7 spicules, and connective fibres not cored, 18–40 µm in diameter, in addition spongin plates are present.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BADB35F6076FFC5FF04D29E82FABCA6" blockId="19.[151,1436,151,968]" pageId="19" pageNumber="170">
<emphasis id="B9666F4D6076FFC5FF04D29E8026BCDB" bold="true" box="[199,297,404,429]" pageId="19" pageNumber="170">Spicules</emphasis>
. Straight and slightly curved styles 245–640 × 7–10 µm (
<figureCitation id="1329AFDA6076FFC5FC03D29E8506BCDB" box="[960,1033,404,429]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="18.[151,250,1811,1833]" captionTargetBox="[463,1123,671,1786]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[463,1123,671,1787]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 14. Axinella corrugata (George &amp; Wilson, 1919): A. Specimen with flabellate habit preserved in alcohol. B. Choanosomal arrangement in an axial trend, round meshes and short plumose tracts. C. Common spicules in LM, styles and oxea with stepped ends." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/238829/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="170">Fig.14</figureCitation>
C 1–4), and slightly curved or bent oxeas and strongyloxeas with stepped ends 210–360 × 5–7 µm (
<figureCitation id="1329AFDA6076FFC5FCA6D2BD82B9BCA6" box="[869,950,439,464]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="18.[151,250,1811,1833]" captionTargetBox="[463,1123,671,1786]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[463,1123,671,1787]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 14. Axinella corrugata (George &amp; Wilson, 1919): A. Specimen with flabellate habit preserved in alcohol. B. Choanosomal arrangement in an axial trend, round meshes and short plumose tracts. C. Common spicules in LM, styles and oxea with stepped ends." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/238829/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="170">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
C–5).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C308E0D46076FFC5FF04D2D680C2BF29" pageId="19" pageNumber="170" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BADB35F6076FFC5FF04D2D680C2BF29" blockId="19.[151,1436,151,968]" pageId="19" pageNumber="170">
<emphasis id="B9666F4D6076FFC5FF04D2D680F7BC83" bold="true" box="[199,504,476,501]" pageId="19" pageNumber="170">Distribution and ecology</emphasis>
.
<collectingCountry id="F305F3CF6076FFC5FDCFD2D68379BC83" box="[524,630,476,501]" name="Bahamas" pageId="19" pageNumber="170">Bahamas</collectingCountry>
, North Carolina, Florida,
<collectingCountry id="F305F3CF6076FFC5FC72D2D685ACBC83" box="[945,1187,476,501]" name="Dominican Republic" pageId="19" pageNumber="170">Dominican Republic</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F305F3CF6076FFC5FB76D2D6841ABC82" box="[1205,1301,476,500]" name="Curaçao" pageId="19" pageNumber="170">Curaçao</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F305F3CF6076FFC5FAE4D2D68497BC83" box="[1319,1432,476,501]" name="Colombia" pageId="19" pageNumber="170">Colombia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F305F3CF6076FFC5FF54D2F58002BF6E" box="[151,269,511,536]" name="Venezuela" pageId="19" pageNumber="170">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
, in rock and coral reef bottoms, found at depths from
<quantity id="4CEA1EBA6076FFC5FCB6D10A82EBBF61" box="[885,996,512,536]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" metricValueMax="7.1" metricValueMin="0.9" pageId="19" pageNumber="170" unit="m" value="40.0" valueMax="71.0" valueMin="9.0">9 to 71 m</quantity>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF83CEAE6076FFC5FC30D2F585DCBF6E" author="Alvarez" box="[1011,1235,511,536]" pageId="19" pageNumber="170" refString="Alvarez, B., Soest, R. W. M. van &amp; Rutzler, K. (1998) A Revision of Axinellidae (Porifera: Demospongiae) in the Central West Atlantic Region. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 598, 1 - 47. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00810282.598" type="journal article" year="1998">
Alvarez
<emphasis id="B9666F4D6076FFC5FB95D10B8580BF6E" box="[1110,1167,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="170">et al.</emphasis>
1998
</bibRefCitation>
);
<collectingCountry id="F305F3CF6076FFC5FB2BD2F5842CBF6E" box="[1256,1315,511,536]" name="Cuba" pageId="19" pageNumber="170">Cuba</collectingCountry>
(Alcolado 2002). The studied specimen inhabits coral rubble at
<quantity id="4CEA1EBA6076FFC5FD35D12E823FBF4A" box="[758,816,548,572]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="19" pageNumber="170" unit="m" value="12.0">12 m</quantity>
depth. This is the first record for the southern Gulf of
<collectingCountry id="F305F3CF6076FFC5FF54D14D81E3BF16" box="[151,236,583,608]" name="Mexico" pageId="19" pageNumber="170">Mexico</collectingCountry>
and Mexican coast.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C308E0D46076FFC5FF04D1668463BEBE" pageId="19" pageNumber="170" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BADB35F6076FFC5FF04D1668463BEBE" blockId="19.[151,1436,151,968]" pageId="19" pageNumber="170">
<emphasis id="B9666F4D6076FFC5FF04D166803BBFF3" bold="true" box="[199,308,620,645]" pageId="19" pageNumber="170">Remarks</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C12C8DC6076FFC5FE85D166832FBFF2" box="[326,544,620,645]" class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" genus="Axinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="19" pageNumber="170" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="corrugata">
<emphasis id="B9666F4D6076FFC5FE85D166832FBFF2" box="[326,544,620,645]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="170">Axinella corrugata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has variable bushy morphotypes with long or short peduncle, and trilobed, flabellate or undulating lamellas or branches (
<bibRefCitation id="EF83CEAE6076FFC5FD55D185827FBFDE" author="Alvarez" box="[662,880,655,680]" pageId="19" pageNumber="170" refString="Alvarez, B., Soest, R. W. M. van &amp; Rutzler, K. (1998) A Revision of Axinellidae (Porifera: Demospongiae) in the Central West Atlantic Region. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 598, 1 - 47. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00810282.598" type="journal article" year="1998">
Alvarez
<emphasis id="B9666F4D6076FFC5FD34D19B8220BFDE" box="[759,815,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="170">et al.</emphasis>
1998
</bibRefCitation>
), one of which is part of the present material. The skeleton of our material also corresponds to the characteristics described in
<bibRefCitation id="EF83CEAE6076FFC5FBCAD1BE840FBFBA" box="[1033,1280,692,717]" pageId="19" pageNumber="170" refString="Alvarez, B., Soest, R. W. M. van &amp; Rutzler, K. (1998) A Revision of Axinellidae (Porifera: Demospongiae) in the Central West Atlantic Region. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 598, 1 - 47. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00810282.598" type="journal article">
Alvarez
<emphasis id="B9666F4D6076FFC5FBAFD1BF85A7BFBB" box="[1132,1192,692,717]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="170">et al.</emphasis>
(1998)
</bibRefCitation>
. However,
<taxonomicName id="4C12C8DC6076FFC5FA47D1BE8008BF86" class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" genus="Axinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="19" pageNumber="170" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="corrugata">
<emphasis id="B9666F4D6076FFC5FA47D1BE8008BF86" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="170">A. corrugata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is different from
<taxonomicName id="4C12C8DC6076FFC5FE14D1D2826ABF86" authority="Wiedenmayer (1977)" authorityName="Wiedenmayer" authorityYear="1977" box="[471,869,727,752]" class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" genus="Axinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="19" pageNumber="170" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="morchella">
<emphasis id="B9666F4D6076FFC5FE14D1D28365BF86" box="[471,618,727,752]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="170">A. morchella</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF83CEAE6076FFC5FDB0D1DD826ABF86" author="Wiedenmayer" box="[627,869,727,752]" pageId="19" pageNumber="170" refString="Wiedenmayer, F. (1977) Shallow water sponges of the Western Bahamas. Experientia Supplementum, 28, 1 - 287. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 3 - 0348 - 5797 - 0" type="journal article" year="1977">Wiedenmayer (1977)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, in agreement with Alcolado (2002), considering that the latter has smaller spicules (240–380 × 5–15 µm) with hastate, conical or blunt ends, instead of mammiform and stepped ends in the former, with spicule measurements 202–471 × 7.1–18 µm (
<bibRefCitation id="EF83CEAE6076FFC5FB83D0158421BE4E" box="[1088,1326,799,824]" pageId="19" pageNumber="170" refString="Alvarez, B., Soest, R. W. M. van &amp; Rutzler, K. (1998) A Revision of Axinellidae (Porifera: Demospongiae) in the Central West Atlantic Region. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 598, 1 - 47. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00810282.598" type="journal article">
Alvarez
<emphasis id="B9666F4D6076FFC5FB62D02B85D6BE4E" box="[1185,1241,799,824]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="170">et al.</emphasis>
(1998)
</bibRefCitation>
, 351–851 × 6.7–27 µm (
<bibRefCitation id="EF83CEAE6076FFC5FE88D04E83E9BE2B" author="Zea" box="[331,742,836,861]" pageId="19" pageNumber="170" refString="Zea, S. (1987) Esponjas del Caribe Colombiano. Editorial Catalogo Cientifico, Colombia, 283 pp." type="book" year="1987">
Zea 1987 as
<taxonomicName id="4C12C8DC6076FFC5FE33D04E83E9BE2B" box="[496,742,836,861]" class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" genus="Teichaxinella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Axinellida" pageId="19" pageNumber="170" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="burtoni">
<emphasis id="B9666F4D6076FFC5FE33D04E83E9BE2B" box="[496,742,836,861]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="170">Teichaxinella burtoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</bibRefCitation>
), and 400–700 × 4–20 µm (
<bibRefCitation id="EF83CEAE6076FFC5FB89D04E8465BE2A" author="George" box="[1098,1386,836,861]" pageId="19" pageNumber="170" refString="George, W. C. &amp; Wilson, H. V. (1919) Sponges of Beaufort (N. C.) Harbor and Vicinity. Bulletin of the Bureau of Fisheries, 36, 129 - 179. [Washington]" type="journal article" year="1919">George &amp; Wilson 1919</bibRefCitation>
).
<taxonomicName id="4C12C8DC6076FFC5FA47D04E8008BEF6" class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" genus="Axinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="19" pageNumber="170" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="corrugata">
<emphasis id="B9666F4D6076FFC5FA47D04E8008BEF6" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="170">A. corrugata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
’s surface is microhispid on top of ridges, plush at sight, while
<taxonomicName id="4C12C8DC6076FFC5FC05D0628559BEF6" box="[966,1110,871,896]" class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" genus="Axinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="19" pageNumber="170" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="morchella">
<emphasis id="B9666F4D6076FFC5FC05D0628559BEF6" box="[966,1110,871,896]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="170">A. morchella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is microhispid also on top of crests or tubercules but tending toward a smooth glossy appearance (Alcolado 2002). Additionally, a different color shows among them, yellow, orange-yellow to red orange in
<taxonomicName id="4C12C8DC6076FFC5FCF6D0BA82CABEBE" box="[821,965,944,968]" class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" genus="Axinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="19" pageNumber="170" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="corrugata">
<emphasis id="B9666F4D6076FFC5FCF6D0BA82CABEBE" box="[821,965,944,968]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="170">A. corrugata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, whilst
<taxonomicName id="4C12C8DC6076FFC5FBDDD0BA85A1BEBE" box="[1054,1198,943,968]" class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" genus="Axinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="19" pageNumber="170" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="morchella">
<emphasis id="B9666F4D6076FFC5FBDDD0BA85A1BEBE" box="[1054,1198,943,968]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="170">A. morchella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is bright orange.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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