269 lines
32 KiB
XML
269 lines
32 KiB
XML
<document id="E4C655326CE86C203C286739AF9ECDD6" ID-CLB-Dataset="42349" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3911.2.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="8baa9579-e863-47db-b025-7acc20458ac0" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="238815" ID-ZooBank="5C32A1B4-E4AB-4BC3-8E8A-1BF435587D17" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460940336171" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Ugalde, Diana, Gómez, Patricia & Simões, Nuno" docDate="2015" docId="03BB0249606DFFDFFF54D47E8074B891" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03911p183.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3911 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Spirastrella mollis Verrill 1907" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="160" masterDocId="FF827A316065FFD6FFC3D30A810FBD76" masterDocTitle="Marine sponges (Porifera: Demospongiae) from the Gulf of México, new records and redescription of Erylus trisphaerus (de Laubenfels, 1953)" masterLastPageNumber="183" masterPageNumber="151" pageNumber="159" updateTime="1698584134703" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods id="C1762ACC8972D7F82D7E7BF8646D2B57" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="A7AE78E5493D15868CC27C7895B9544E">
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<mods:title id="87FDADD5D158618D22B3366C1E41CD87">Marine sponges (Porifera: Demospongiae) from the Gulf of México, new records and redescription of Erylus trisphaerus (de Laubenfels, 1953)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="F255D330CC3E7985BB662D6D56A74A0A" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="024ACECACE3F900E3D27D95BFEC59D5D">Ugalde, Diana</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="5B335C278B263BFDFB8E41E8553801F8">Gómez, Patricia</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="E7AB63C98771A3E3A145355829C9054C" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="EA0419CB8904B36BFA9E227C236FD8AC">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="F3762515E4057CF9094017CD76FECDCD">Simões, Nuno</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="C571E30A6E6513EDC463E3C5F312982A">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="8159FF2C7C7EE59F1DB9DE85A0F7D9E6">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="54774C6A9588A4B00D7FCD5944FB9D0E">
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<mods:date id="15B283A36013A35626018BE75D1EDA00">2015</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="5F5000D5A79649BD4BE533C860D6BD36">3911</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="4D34E5E92011C5B060E25A1658625DB6" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3911.2.1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03BB0249606DFFDFFF54D47E8074B891" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5678286" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119591291" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5678286" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BB0249606DFFDFFF54D47E8074B891" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BB0249606DFFDFFF54D47E8074B891" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="160" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">
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<subSubSection id="C308E0D4606DFFDEFF54D47E8209BA83" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BADB35F606DFFDEFF54D47E8348BAF8" blockId="8.[151,583,1908,1967]" box="[151,583,1908,1934]" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">
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<heading id="D0E50433606DFFDEFF54D47E8348BAF8" bold="true" box="[151,583,1908,1934]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C12C8DC606DFFDEFF54D47E8348BAF8" authority="Verrill, 1907" authorityName="Verrill" authorityYear="1907" box="[151,583,1908,1934]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spirastrellidae" genus="Spirastrella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="mollis">
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<emphasis id="B9666F4D606DFFDEFF54D47E8348BAF8" bold="true" box="[151,583,1908,1934]" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">
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<emphasis id="B9666F4D606DFFDEFF54D47E80ACBAF8" bold="true" box="[151,419,1908,1934]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">Spirastrella aff. mollis</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF83CEAE606DFFDEFE68D47E8348BAF8" author="Verrill" box="[427,583,1908,1934]" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" refString="Verrill, A. E. (1907) The Bermuda Islands: Part V. An account of Coral Reefs. Porifera: Sponges. Transactions of the Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences, 12, 330 - 344." type="journal article" year="1907">Verrill, 1907</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BADB35F606DFFDEFF5DD49C802BBAD9" blockId="8.[151,583,1908,1967]" box="[158,292,1942,1967]" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">
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(
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<figureCitation id="1329AFDA606DFFDEFF65D49C81E7BAD9" box="[166,232,1942,1967]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1227,1249]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1205]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,193,1206]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 7. Spirastrella aff. mollis Verrill, 1907: A. Specimen preserved in alcohol growing on Briozoan. B. Skeletal arrangement in cross section, in which appears the spiraster cortex above (dark fringe area) and a palisade of tylostyle tufts underneath. C. Common tylostyle head in SEM. D. Size relationship between the two categories of spirasters. E. Spiraster II. F. Spiraster I." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/238822/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
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A‒F)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BADB35F606DFFDEFF54D4D58209BA83" blockId="8.[151,774,2015,2037]" box="[151,774,2015,2037]" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">
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Selected synonymy:
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<taxonomicName id="4C12C8DC606DFFDEFEA9D4D5820CBA83" authority="Verrill, 1907:344" authorityName="Verrill" authorityPageNumber="344" authorityYear="1907" box="[362,771,2015,2037]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spirastrellidae" genus="Spirastrella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="mollis">
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<emphasis id="B9666F4D606DFFDEFEA9D4D58343BA83" box="[362,588,2015,2037]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">Spirastrella aff. mollis</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF83CEAE606DFFDEFD91D4D583D9BA83" author="Verrill" box="[594,726,2015,2037]" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" refString="Verrill, A. E. (1907) The Bermuda Islands: Part V. An account of Coral Reefs. Porifera: Sponges. Transactions of the Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences, 12, 330 - 344." type="journal article" year="1907">Verrill, 1907</bibRefCitation>
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:344
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C308E0D4606CFFDFFF54D39D8450BDC6" box="[151,1375,151,176]" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BADB35F606CFFDFFF54D39D8450BDC6" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,1328]" box="[151,1375,151,176]" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">
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<emphasis id="B9666F4D606CFFDFFF54D39D8076BDC6" bold="true" box="[151,377,151,176]" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">Material examined</emphasis>
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.
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<collectionCode id="ED032B9A606CFFDFFE44D39D80E8BDC6" box="[391,487,151,176]" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">CNPGG</collectionCode>
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–584 Sisal Banks reefs (
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<geoCoordinate id="EE26D598606CFFDFFD36D39D829DBDC6" box="[757,914,151,176]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" precision="1" value="21.441166">21°26'28.2”N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE26D598606CFFDFFC5DD3928523BDC6" box="[926,1068,152,176]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" precision="15" value="-90.29278">90°17'34”W</geoCoordinate>
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), depth
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<quantity id="4CEA1EBA606CFFDFFB45D39D85CEBDD9" box="[1158,1217,151,176]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" unit="m" value="15.0">15 m</quantity>
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,
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<date id="FFAC959F606CFFDFFB0ED3928454BDC6" box="[1229,1371,152,176]" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" value="2001-12-02">02/XII/2001</date>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C308E0D4606CFFDFFF04D3B68522BE63" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BADB35F606CFFDFFF04D3B68224BCDB" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,1328]" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">
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<emphasis id="B9666F4D606CFFDFFF04D3B6805EBDA3" bold="true" box="[199,337,188,213]" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">Description</emphasis>
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. Thinly encrusting sponge
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<quantity id="4CEA1EBA606CFFDFFD41D3B683FBBDA2" box="[642,756,188,213]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="0.5" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" unit="mm" value="1.25" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="0.5">0.5–2 mm</quantity>
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thickness, adhered to bryozoan and pieces of coral (
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<figureCitation id="1329AFDA606CFFDFFAFED3B68470BDA2" box="[1341,1407,188,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1227,1249]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1205]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,193,1206]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 7. Spirastrella aff. mollis Verrill, 1907: A. Specimen preserved in alcohol growing on Briozoan. B. Skeletal arrangement in cross section, in which appears the spiraster cortex above (dark fringe area) and a palisade of tylostyle tufts underneath. C. Common tylostyle head in SEM. D. Size relationship between the two categories of spirasters. E. Spiraster II. F. Spiraster I." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/238822/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
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A) making a cavernous whole mass
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<quantity id="4CEA1EBA606CFFDFFDCBD3EA835BBD81" box="[520,596,224,248]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.3" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" unit="cm" value="4.3">4.3 cm</quantity>
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long and
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<quantity id="4CEA1EBA606CFFDFFD07D3D5821FBD81" box="[708,784,223,248]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" unit="cm" value="2.6">2.6 cm</quantity>
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in width. The surface is smooth as well as microhispid on mounds in all around the mass, velvety in appearance but harsh when touched, becoming strongly hispid underneath the coral rubble or in hidden fissures or holes, no oscules nor pores visible to the naked eye in preserved specimens. The consistency is difficult to know owing to the thinness of the sponge, but the sponge is not easily compressible due to the many small conch fragments within the flesh. Color alive not recorded, unfortunately, no photograph
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<emphasis id="B9666F4D606CFFDFFEDED29F806DBCDA" box="[285,354,405,428]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">in situ</emphasis>
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was taken, and color in alcohol is beige.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BADB35F606CFFDFFF04D2BD83BFBF4A" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,1328]" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">
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<emphasis id="B9666F4D606CFFDFFF04D2BD8021BCA6" bold="true" box="[199,302,439,464]" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">Skeleton</emphasis>
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. The ectosome has a thin cortex 200 µm thick that consists mainly of spirasters and tips of tylostyles protruding up to 140 µm beyond the surface. The narrow area of the choanosome is formed by a palisade of tylostyles tufts with the tips directed upwards, below which, spirasters are abundant everywhere (
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<figureCitation id="1329AFDA606CFFDFFB28D2F5843FBF6E" box="[1259,1328,511,536]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1227,1249]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1205]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,193,1206]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 7. Spirastrella aff. mollis Verrill, 1907: A. Specimen preserved in alcohol growing on Briozoan. B. Skeletal arrangement in cross section, in which appears the spiraster cortex above (dark fringe area) and a palisade of tylostyle tufts underneath. C. Common tylostyle head in SEM. D. Size relationship between the two categories of spirasters. E. Spiraster II. F. Spiraster I." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/238822/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
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B). Small and round channels were seen below the cortex.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BADB35F606CFFDFFF04D14D8522BE63" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,1328]" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">
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<emphasis id="B9666F4D606CFFDFFF04D14D8026BF16" bold="true" box="[199,297,583,608]" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">Spicules</emphasis>
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. Macroscleres are straight and slightly curved tylostyles with fusiform tips 260–624 × 7.8–14 µm, mainly with a round head but oval-shaped are also present 12–15 µm in diameter (
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<figureCitation id="1329AFDA606CFFDFFBF5D1668575BFF2" box="[1078,1146,620,645]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1227,1249]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1205]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,193,1206]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 7. Spirastrella aff. mollis Verrill, 1907: A. Specimen preserved in alcohol growing on Briozoan. B. Skeletal arrangement in cross section, in which appears the spiraster cortex above (dark fringe area) and a palisade of tylostyle tufts underneath. C. Common tylostyle head in SEM. D. Size relationship between the two categories of spirasters. E. Spiraster II. F. Spiraster I." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/238822/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
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C), few ones with annular swelling bellow the neck. Microscleres are spirasters approaching amphiasters in two size categories (
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<figureCitation id="1329AFDA606CFFDFFAC9D1858448BFDE" box="[1290,1351,655,680]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1227,1249]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1205]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,193,1206]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 7. Spirastrella aff. mollis Verrill, 1907: A. Specimen preserved in alcohol growing on Briozoan. B. Skeletal arrangement in cross section, in which appears the spiraster cortex above (dark fringe area) and a palisade of tylostyle tufts underneath. C. Common tylostyle head in SEM. D. Size relationship between the two categories of spirasters. E. Spiraster II. F. Spiraster I." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/238822/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">Fig.7</figureCitation>
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D): size I is 20.8–57 µm long (
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<figureCitation id="1329AFDA606CFFDFFE56D1BE80DDBFBA" box="[405,466,692,717]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1227,1249]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1205]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,193,1206]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 7. Spirastrella aff. mollis Verrill, 1907: A. Specimen preserved in alcohol growing on Briozoan. B. Skeletal arrangement in cross section, in which appears the spiraster cortex above (dark fringe area) and a palisade of tylostyle tufts underneath. C. Common tylostyle head in SEM. D. Size relationship between the two categories of spirasters. E. Spiraster II. F. Spiraster I." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/238822/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">Fig 7</figureCitation>
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F), it bends once to twice but it is difficult to discern, its rays are conical up to 20 µm long with broad bases from about 5.2 µm; size II is 5.4–26 µm long (
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<figureCitation id="1329AFDA606CFFDFFC77D1DD82F7BF86" box="[948,1016,727,752]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1227,1249]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1205]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,193,1206]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 7. Spirastrella aff. mollis Verrill, 1907: A. Specimen preserved in alcohol growing on Briozoan. B. Skeletal arrangement in cross section, in which appears the spiraster cortex above (dark fringe area) and a palisade of tylostyle tufts underneath. C. Common tylostyle head in SEM. D. Size relationship between the two categories of spirasters. E. Spiraster II. F. Spiraster I." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/238822/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
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E), it shows a slender shaft in one to three bends sometimes straight, with smaller conical rays (sizes including spines).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C308E0D4606CFFDFFF04D0158042BEF6" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" type="distribution">
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||
<paragraph id="8BADB35F606CFFDFFF04D0158042BEF6" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,1328]" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">
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<emphasis id="B9666F4D606CFFDFFF04D01580E4BE4E" bold="true" box="[199,491,799,824]" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">Distribution and ecology</emphasis>
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.
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<taxonomicName id="4C12C8DC606CFFDFFE3AD0158350BE4E" box="[505,607,799,824]" class="Demospongiae" family="Chondropsidae" genus="Strongylacidon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="9" pageNumber="180" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="bermuda">
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||
<collectingCountry id="F305F3CF606CFFDFFE3AD0158350BE4E" box="[505,607,799,824]" name="Bermuda" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">Bermuda</collectingCountry>
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</taxonomicName>
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<collectingCountry id="F305F3CF606CFFDFFDA5D01583A2BE4E" box="[614,685,799,824]" name="Iceland" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">Island</collectingCountry>
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, intertidal to
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<quantity id="4CEA1EBA606CFFDFFC81D015828DBE41" box="[834,898,799,824]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" unit="m" value="0.5">0.5 m</quantity>
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(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF83CEAE606CFFDFFC53D0158513BE4E" author="Verrill" box="[912,1052,799,824]" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" refString="Verrill, A. E. (1907) The Bermuda Islands: Part V. An account of Coral Reefs. Porifera: Sponges. Transactions of the Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences, 12, 330 - 344." type="journal article" year="1907">Verrill 1907</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), Carrie Bow Cay,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F305F3CF606CFFDFFB31D0158435BE4E" box="[1266,1338,799,824]" name="Belize" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">Belize</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF83CEAE606CFFDFFA8BD015801BBE2A" author="Rutzler" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" refString="Rutzler, K., Piatoni, C., Soest van, R. W. M. & Diaz, M. C. (2014) Diversity of sponges (Porifera) from cryptic habitats on the Belize barrier reef near Carrie Bow Cay. Zootaxa, 3805, 1 - 129. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3805.1.1" type="journal article" year="2014">
|
||
Rützler
|
||
<emphasis id="B9666F4D606CFFDFFF54D04F81DFBE2B" box="[151,208,836,861]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2014
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), now in Yucatan,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F305F3CF606CFFDFFE2AD04E8331BE2B" box="[489,574,836,861]" name="Mexico" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">México</collectingCountry>
|
||
coral reefs from the present work. Hence, first record of the species for the Gulf of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F305F3CF606CFFDFFF2CD06D8047BEF6" box="[239,328,871,896]" name="Mexico" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C308E0D4606CFFDFFF04D0868074B891" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BADB35F606CFFDFFF04D0868538B942" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,1328]" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9666F4D606CFFDFFF04D086803BBED3" bold="true" box="[199,308,908,933]" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
. There is some controversy around
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C12C8DC606CFFDFFD1AD08682A4BED3" box="[729,939,908,933]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spirastrellidae" genus="Spirastrella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="mollis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9666F4D606CFFDFFD1AD08682A4BED3" box="[729,939,908,933]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">Spirastrella mollis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
due to a brief original description, lack of spicular measurements and loss of the type-specimen (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF83CEAE606CFFDFFCC3D0A58525BEBE" author="Boury-Esnault" box="[768,1066,943,968]" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" refString="Boury-Esnault, N., Klatau, M., Bezac, C., Wulff, J. & Sole-Cava, A. M. (1999) Comparative study of putative conspecific sponge populations from both sides of the Isthmus of Panama. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 79, 39 - 50. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0025315498000046" type="journal article" year="1999">
|
||
Boury-Esnault
|
||
<emphasis id="B9666F4D606CFFDFFC6ED0BB82E9BEBE" box="[941,998,943,968]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1999
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The spirasters of
|
||
<emphasis id="B9666F4D606CFFDFFAC0D0BA8464BEBE" box="[1283,1387,943,968]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C12C8DC606CFFDFFAC0D0BA8468BEBE" box="[1283,1383,943,968]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spirastrellidae" genus="Spirastrella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="mollis">S. mollis</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and also in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C12C8DC606CFFDFFF29D0DF8064BE9A" box="[234,363,981,1004]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spirastrellidae" genus="Spirastrella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="coccinea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9666F4D606CFFDFFF29D0DF8064BE9A" box="[234,363,981,1004]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">S. coccinea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the plates of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF83CEAE606CFFDFFDE0D0DE8204BE9A" box="[547,779,980,1005]" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" refString="Rutzler, K., Piatoni, C., Soest van, R. W. M. & Diaz, M. C. (2014) Diversity of sponges (Porifera) from cryptic habitats on the Belize barrier reef near Carrie Bow Cay. Zootaxa, 3805, 1 - 129. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3805.1.1" type="journal article">
|
||
Rützler
|
||
<emphasis id="B9666F4D606CFFDFFDBED0DF83B9BE9B" box="[637,694,980,1005]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2014)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, are quite different from the present specimen, suggesting existence of three different species,
|
||
<emphasis id="B9666F4D606CFFDFFDF2D0F28224B966" box="[561,811,1015,1040]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C12C8DC606CFFDFFDF2D0F283BAB966" box="[561,693,1016,1040]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spirastrellidae" genus="Spirastrella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="coccinea">S. coccinea</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C12C8DC606CFFDFFD01D0F28228B966" box="[706,807,1015,1040]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spirastrellidae" genus="Spirastrella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="mollis">S. mollis</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C12C8DC606CFFDFFCA6D0F282E6B966" box="[869,1001,1015,1040]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spirastrellidae" genus="Spirastrella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="hartmani">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9666F4D606CFFDFFCA6D0F282E6B966" box="[869,1001,1015,1040]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">S. hartmani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The latter, corresponds to the furcate and plurifid spirasters (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF83CEAE606CFFDFFE5AD71683CFB942" author="Boury-Esnault" box="[409,704,1052,1077]" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" refString="Boury-Esnault, N., Klatau, M., Bezac, C., Wulff, J. & Sole-Cava, A. M. (1999) Comparative study of putative conspecific sponge populations from both sides of the Isthmus of Panama. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 79, 39 - 50. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0025315498000046" type="journal article" year="1999">
|
||
Boury-Esnault
|
||
<emphasis id="B9666F4D606CFFDFFD86D7178372B943" box="[581,637,1052,1077]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1999
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), not in synonymy with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C12C8DC606CFFDFFC13D717853EB943" box="[976,1073,1052,1077]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spirastrellidae" genus="Spirastrella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="mollis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9666F4D606CFFDFFC13D717853EB943" box="[976,1073,1052,1077]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">S. mollis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BADB35F606CFFDFFF04D74A857DB846" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,1328]" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">
|
||
Four species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C12C8DC606CFFDFFEBED735830FB92E" box="[381,512,1087,1112]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spirastrellidae" genus="Spirastrella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9666F4D606CFFDFFEBED735830FB92E" box="[381,512,1087,1112]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">Spirastrella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have been recorded in the Gulf of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F305F3CF606CFFDFFC50D73582E6B92E" box="[915,1001,1087,1112]" name="Mexico" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
and adjacent waters, so far. These are
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C12C8DC606CFFDFFF54D76E821EB90B" authority="Duchassaing & Michelotti 1864" authorityName="Duchassaing & Michelotti" authorityYear="1864" box="[151,785,1124,1149]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spirastrellidae" genus="Spirastrella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="coccinea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9666F4D606CFFDFFF54D76E8088B90A" box="[151,391,1124,1149]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">Spirastrella coccinea</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF83CEAE606CFFDFFE54D76E8206B90B" author="Duchassaing" box="[407,777,1124,1149]" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" refString="Duchassaing, F. P. & Michelotti, G. (1864) Spongiaires de la mer Caraibe. Natuurkundige verhandelingen van de Hollandsche maatschappij der wetenschappen te Haarlem, 21, 1 - 24." type="journal article" year="1864">Duchassaing & Michelotti 1864</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C12C8DC606CFFDFFCDDD76F82B0B90A" box="[798,959,1125,1148]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spirastrellidae" genus="Spirastrella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="coccinopsis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9666F4D606CFFDFFCDDD76F82B0B90A" box="[798,959,1125,1148]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">S. coccinopsis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
de
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF83CEAE606CFFDFFC28D76E85BDB90B" author="Laubenfels" box="[1003,1202,1124,1149]" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" refString="Laubenfels, M. W. de (1953) Sponges from the Gulf of Mexico. Bulletin of Marine Science Gulf and Caribbean, 2, 511 - 557." type="journal article" year="1953">Laubenfels, 1953</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C12C8DC606CFFDFFB7CD76F844CB90B" box="[1215,1347,1124,1149]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spirastrellidae" genus="Spirastrella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="hartmani">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9666F4D606CFFDFFB7CD76F844CB90B" box="[1215,1347,1124,1149]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">S. hartmani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Boury- Esnault
|
||
<emphasis id="B9666F4D606CFFDFFF31D7838024B9D6" box="[242,299,1159,1184]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1999, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C12C8DC606CFFDFFE6BD7828306B9D6" box="[424,521,1159,1184]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spirastrellidae" genus="Spirastrella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="mollis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9666F4D606CFFDFFE6BD7828306B9D6" box="[424,521,1159,1184]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">S. mollis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The task to tell them apart to correctly identify the species is intricate due to the shared and overlapping traits. For example, the spicule geometry and skeletal arrangement are very similar among all four species. They all have similar sizes, and very little data available other than the original descriptions. In an attempt to delimit differences within some
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C12C8DC606CFFDFFDBED7FE820EB87B" box="[637,769,1268,1293]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spirastrellidae" genus="Spirastrella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9666F4D606CFFDFFDBED7FE820EB87B" box="[637,769,1268,1293]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">Spirastrella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species, a comparison was made from the present material and three spirastrellas sheltered in the CNPGG, which are different indeed (see
|
||
<tableCitation id="C69086E4606CFFDFFBCCD61D856EB846" box="[1039,1121,1303,1328]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="9.[151,239,1376,1399]" captionTargetBox="[159,1417,1530,1942]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="TABLE 1. Comparison of taxonomic features among Spirastrella mollis, S. coccinea and S. hartmani sheltered in the CNPGG." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF6DE3D7606CFFDFFF54D66A81FAB8E1" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" tableUuid="DF6DE3D7606CFFDFFF54D66A81FAB8E1">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF6DE3D7606CFFDFFF54D66A81FAB8E1" ID-Table-UUID="DF6DE3D7606CFFDFFF54D66A81FAB8E1" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF6DE3D7606CFFDFFF54D66A81FAB8E1" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" targetBox="[159,1417,1530,1942]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="9">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BADB35F606CFFDFFF54D66A81FAB8E1" blockId="9.[151,1436,1376,1431]" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9666F4D606CFFDFFF54D66A8003B801" bold="true" box="[151,268,1376,1399]" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">TABLE 1.</emphasis>
|
||
Comparison of taxonomic features among
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C12C8DC606CFFDFFD26D66A82A3B801" box="[741,940,1376,1399]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spirastrellidae" genus="Spirastrella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="mollis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9666F4D606CFFDFFD26D66A82A3B801" box="[741,940,1376,1399]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">Spirastrella mollis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C12C8DC606CFFDFFC78D66A8538B801" box="[955,1079,1376,1399]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spirastrellidae" genus="Spirastrella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="coccinea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9666F4D606CFFDFFC78D66A8538B801" box="[955,1079,1376,1399]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">S. coccinea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C12C8DC606CFFDFFBADD66A85E2B801" box="[1134,1261,1376,1399]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spirastrellidae" genus="Spirastrella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="hartmani">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9666F4D606CFFDFFBADD66A85E2B801" box="[1134,1261,1376,1399]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">S. hartmani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sheltered in the CNPGG.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BADB35F606CFFDFFEEDD6B88074B891" blockId="9.[302,1363,1458,1511]" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">
|
||
Catalog Color Surface
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A90DFD606CFFDFFD0AD6B983FAB8BE" box="[713,757,1459,1480]" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">type</typeStatus>
|
||
Consistency Growth shape Tylostyle Spirasters number
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |