180 lines
21 KiB
XML
180 lines
21 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="125949F4521BD110BB1E14832C37884F">Marine sponges (Porifera: Demospongiae) from the Gulf of México, new records and redescription of Erylus trisphaerus (de Laubenfels, 1953)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="5FC6E169058BD614098675AF22DC36F2">Ugalde, Diana</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="4DCB069D57D91FCE190F723D564AE087">Gómez, Patricia</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="67F82148537B739025746275AF17B0F5">Simões, Nuno</mods:namePart>
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<paragraph id="8BADB35F6062FFD1FF54D04E832FBE28" blockId="7.[151,544,836,895]" box="[151,544,836,862]" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">
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<heading id="D0E504336062FFD1FF54D04E832FBE28" bold="true" box="[151,544,836,862]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="158" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C12C8DC6062FFD1FF54D04E832FBE28" authority="Rutzler, 1974" authorityName="Rutzler" authorityYear="1974" box="[151,544,836,862]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Cliona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="7" pageNumber="158" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="flavifodina">
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<emphasis id="B9666F4D6062FFD1FF54D04E832FBE28" bold="true" box="[151,544,836,862]" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">
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<emphasis id="B9666F4D6062FFD1FF54D04E807BBE28" bold="true" box="[151,372,836,862]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">Cliona flavifodina</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF83CEAE6062FFD1FEB9D04E832FBE28" author="Rutzler" box="[378,544,836,862]" pageId="7" pageNumber="158" refString="Rutzler, K. (1974) The Burrowing Sponges of Bermuda. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 165, 1 - 32. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00810282.165" type="journal article" year="1974">Rützler, 1974</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BADB35F6062FFD1FF54D06C8060BE09" blockId="7.[151,544,836,895]" box="[151,367,870,895]" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">
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(
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<figureCitation id="1329AFDA6062FFD1FF5CD06C81E3BE09" box="[159,236,870,895]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1651,1673]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,195,1626]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,195,1626]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 6. Cliona flavifodina Rützler, 1974: A. Cross section of skeletal arrangement. B. Common tylostyle with spherical head and detail of tip. C. Variation geometry of spirasters." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/238821/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">Figs. 6</figureCitation>
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A–C, 13C)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BADB35F6062FFD1FF54D0A48381BEB2" blockId="7.[151,654,942,964]" box="[151,654,942,964]" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">
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Synonymy:
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<taxonomicName id="4C12C8DC6062FFD1FED1D0A48385BEB2" authority="Rutzler, 1974:373" authorityName="Rutzler" authorityPageNumber="373" authorityYear="1974" box="[274,650,942,964]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Cliona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="7" pageNumber="158" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="flavifodina">
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<emphasis id="B9666F4D6062FFD1FED1D0A480C4BEB2" box="[274,459,942,964]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">Cliona flavifodina</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF83CEAE6062FFD1FE12D0A48351BEB2" author="Rutzler" box="[465,606,942,964]" pageId="7" pageNumber="158" refString="Rutzler, K. (1974) The Burrowing Sponges of Bermuda. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 165, 1 - 32. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00810282.165" type="journal article" year="1974">Rützler, 1974</bibRefCitation>
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:373
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C308E0D46062FFD1FF54D0FB845BB97C" box="[151,1364,1009,1034]" pageId="7" pageNumber="158" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BADB35F6062FFD1FF54D0FB845BB97C" blockId="7.[151,1437,1009,1898]" box="[151,1364,1009,1034]" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">
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<emphasis id="B9666F4D6062FFD1FF54D0FB8076B97C" bold="true" box="[151,377,1009,1034]" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">Material examined</emphasis>
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.
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<collectionCode id="ED032B9A6062FFD1FE44D0FB80E6B97C" box="[391,489,1009,1034]" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">CNPGG</collectionCode>
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–1363 Sisal Banks reefs (
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<geoCoordinate id="EE26D5986062FFD1FCC0D0FB82AFB97C" box="[771,928,1009,1034]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="158" precision="1" value="21.441166">21°26'28.2”N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE26D5986062FFD1FC6FD0F88535B97C" box="[940,1082,1010,1034]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="158" precision="15" value="-90.29278">90°17'34”W</geoCoordinate>
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), depth
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<quantity id="4CEA1EBA6062FFD1FB57D0F885CEB97F" box="[1172,1217,1010,1033]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="158" unit="m" value="7.0">7 m</quantity>
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,
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<date id="FFAC959F6062FFD1FB0ED0F8845EB97C" box="[1229,1361,1010,1034]" pageId="7" pageNumber="158" value="2011-06-10">10/VI/2011</date>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C308E0D46062FFD1FF04D71F8573B8A8" pageId="7" pageNumber="158" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BADB35F6062FFD1FF04D71F8349B9EC" blockId="7.[151,1437,1009,1898]" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">
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<emphasis id="B9666F4D6062FFD1FF04D71F805EB958" bold="true" box="[199,337,1045,1070]" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">Description</emphasis>
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. This burrowing sponge occurs in alpha-stage growth form more commonly than in beta stage (
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<figureCitation id="1329AFDA6062FFD1FF5CD73381FAB924" box="[159,245,1081,1106]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1877,1899]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1850]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[151,1436,193,1856]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 13. Sponges in situ A. Erylus formosus. B. Cliona amplicavata excavating on Lobatus gigas shell. C. Cliona flavifodina. D. Chondrilla caribensis, E. Hymeniacidon caerulea." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/238828/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
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C). The papillae are microhispid, quite small, and circular, 300–700 µm in diameter. The microhispid papillae surface is due to the arrangement of tylostyles in bundles perpendicular to the surface. Its color alive is orange, and a faded-yellow in alcohol.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BADB35F6062FFD1FF04D7AF83DAB838" blockId="7.[151,1437,1009,1898]" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">
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<emphasis id="B9666F4D6062FFD1FF04D7AF8042B9C8" bold="true" box="[199,333,1189,1214]" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">Excavation</emphasis>
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. The papilla has a spicular arrangement with a dense palisade of tylostyles pointing upwards, towards the ectosome surface, resulting in a microhispid appearance. A confuse mass of spicules in all directions is present more interiorly, towards the choanosome. (
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<figureCitation id="1329AFDA6062FFD1FD1CD7E7822AB870" box="[735,805,1261,1286]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1651,1673]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,195,1626]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,195,1626]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 6. Cliona flavifodina Rützler, 1974: A. Cross section of skeletal arrangement. B. Common tylostyle with spherical head and detail of tip. C. Variation geometry of spirasters." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/238821/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
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A). The choanosome is thin and frail, does not show a definite pattern on the carbonate structure of the burrowed coral, neither was possible to observe the galleries since the only fragment studied was a small coral rubble.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BADB35F6062FFD1FF04D6538573B8A8" blockId="7.[151,1437,1009,1898]" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">
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<emphasis id="B9666F4D6062FFD1FF04D6538026B804" bold="true" box="[199,297,1369,1394]" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">Spicules</emphasis>
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. Megascleres are straight tylostyles 190–420 × 7–13 µm, with a spherical or oval tyle (
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<figureCitation id="1329AFDA6062FFD1FAF1D6538475B804" box="[1330,1402,1369,1394]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1651,1673]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,195,1626]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,195,1626]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 6. Cliona flavifodina Rützler, 1974: A. Cross section of skeletal arrangement. B. Common tylostyle with spherical head and detail of tip. C. Variation geometry of spirasters." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/238821/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
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B): 7.8–13 × 10–15 µm in diameter. Microscleres are spirasters in two categories: undulate or abruptly curved 1–4 curves, with prominent spines 7.8–50.7 × 1.5–2.6 µm (spines included) (
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<figureCitation id="1329AFDA6062FFD1FC21D6AB8527B8CC" box="[994,1064,1441,1466]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1651,1673]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,195,1626]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,195,1626]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 6. Cliona flavifodina Rützler, 1974: A. Cross section of skeletal arrangement. B. Common tylostyle with spherical head and detail of tip. C. Variation geometry of spirasters." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/238821/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
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C). The prominent spines, is the characteristic of the species, a few can be amphiasters with intermediate forms and sizes.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C308E0D46062FFD1FF04D6E38289BB18" pageId="7" pageNumber="158" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="8BADB35F6062FFD1FF04D6E38289BB18" blockId="7.[151,1437,1009,1898]" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">
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<emphasis id="B9666F4D6062FFD1FF04D6E380E3BB74" bold="true" box="[199,492,1513,1538]" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">Distribution and ecology</emphasis>
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.
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<taxonomicName id="4C12C8DC6062FFD1FE39D6E383C7BB74" box="[506,712,1513,1538]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Cliona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="7" pageNumber="158" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="flavifodina">
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<emphasis id="B9666F4D6062FFD1FE39D6E383C7BB74" box="[506,712,1513,1538]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">Cliona flavifodina</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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has been recorded in
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<taxonomicName id="4C12C8DC6062FFD1FC7DD6E3852ABB74" box="[958,1061,1513,1538]" class="Demospongiae" family="Chondropsidae" genus="Strongylacidon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="7" pageNumber="180" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="bermuda">
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||
<collectingCountry id="F305F3CF6062FFD1FC7DD6E3852ABB74" box="[958,1061,1513,1538]" name="Bermuda" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">Bermuda</collectingCountry>
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</taxonomicName>
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over dead coral, pelecipod shells and rocks, and found at depths from
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EF83CEAE6062FFD1FD1AD5078276BB50" author="Rutzler" box="[729,889,1549,1574]" pageId="7" pageNumber="158" refString="Rutzler, K. (1974) The Burrowing Sponges of Bermuda. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 165, 1 - 32. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00810282.165" type="journal article" year="1974">Rützler, 1974</bibRefCitation>
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);
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||
<collectingCountry id="F305F3CF6062FFD1FC53D50782E5BB50" box="[912,1002,1549,1574]" name="Jamaica" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">Jamaica</collectingCountry>
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[as
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C12C8DC6062FFD1FBDCD507847ABB50" authority="Hechtel (1965)" authorityName="Hechtel" authorityYear="1965" box="[1055,1397,1549,1574]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Cliona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="7" pageNumber="158" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="viridis">
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||
<emphasis id="B9666F4D6062FFD1FBDCD50785B3BB50" box="[1055,1212,1549,1574]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">Cliona viridis</emphasis>
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EF83CEAE6062FFD1FB04D507847ABB50" author="Hechtel" box="[1223,1397,1549,1574]" pageId="7" pageNumber="158" refString="Hechtel, G. J. (1965) A Systematic Study of the Demospongiae of Port Royal, Jamaica. Bulletin of the Peabody Museum of Natural History, 20, 1 - 103." type="journal article" year="1965">Hechtel (1965)</bibRefCitation>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
, as
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C12C8DC6062FFD1FF54D53B80FDBB3C" authority="Pang (1973)" authorityName="Pang" authorityYear="1973" box="[151,498,1585,1610]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Cliona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="7" pageNumber="158" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="caribbaea">
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||
<emphasis id="B9666F4D6062FFD1FF54D53B8051BB3C" box="[151,350,1585,1610]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">Cliona caribbaea</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF83CEAE6062FFD1FEA5D53880FDBB3C" author="Pang" box="[358,498,1586,1610]" pageId="7" pageNumber="158" refString="Pang, R. K. (1973) The systematics of some Jamaican excavating sponges (Porifera). Postilla, 161, 75." type="journal article" year="1973">Pang (1973)</bibRefCitation>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
<emphasis id="B9666F4D6062FFD1FE38D53B832ABB3C" box="[507,549,1585,1610]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">fide</emphasis>
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EF83CEAE6062FFD1FDEDD5388202BB3C" author="Zea" box="[558,781,1585,1610]" pageId="7" pageNumber="158" refString="Zea, S. & Weil, E. (2003) Taxonomy of the Caribbean excavating sponge species complex Cliona caribbaea, C. aprica, C. langae (Porifera, Hadromerida, Clionaidae). Caribbean Journal of Science, 39, 348 - 370." type="journal article" year="2003">Zea & Weil (2003)</bibRefCitation>
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||
]. In this case the species was found on dead coral at
|
||
<quantity id="4CEA1EBA6062FFD1FAACD5388493BB3F" box="[1391,1436,1586,1609]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="158" unit="m" value="7.0">7 m</quantity>
|
||
depth. This is the first record for the species in the Gulf of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F305F3CF6062FFD1FCEAD55F828DBB18" box="[809,898,1621,1646]" name="Mexico" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C308E0D46062FFD1FF04D5738534BA1C" pageId="7" pageNumber="158" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BADB35F6062FFD1FF04D5738534BA1C" blockId="7.[151,1437,1009,1898]" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9666F4D6062FFD1FF04D573803BBBE4" bold="true" box="[199,308,1657,1682]" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
. The morphological characteristics of the original species description agree exactly with those of the present material except that a spherical rather than oval tyle is mostly present in our material and no specimens were observed with granular cells, which are common in the species.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF83CEAE6062FFD1FC62D5CB859DBBAC" box="[929,1170,1729,1754]" pageId="7" pageNumber="158" refString="Carballo, J. L., Cruz-Barraza, J. A. & Gomez, P. (2004) Taxonomy and description of clionaid sponges (Hadromerida, Clionaidae) from the Pacific Ocean of Mexico. Zoological Journal of the Linnaean Society of London, 141, 353 - 397. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.2004.00126. x" type="journal article">
|
||
Carballo
|
||
<emphasis id="B9666F4D6062FFD1FBCBD5C8854EBBAC" box="[1032,1089,1729,1754]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2004)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
recorded
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C12C8DC6062FFD1FAC1D5C88493BBAC" box="[1282,1436,1729,1754]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Cliona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="7" pageNumber="158" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="flavifodina">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9666F4D6062FFD1FAC1D5C88493BBAC" box="[1282,1436,1729,1754]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">C. flavifodina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in east Tropical Mexican Pacific. The specimens described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF83CEAE6062FFD1FC99D5EF8542BB88" box="[858,1101,1765,1790]" pageId="7" pageNumber="158" refString="Carballo, J. L., Cruz-Barraza, J. A. & Gomez, P. (2004) Taxonomy and description of clionaid sponges (Hadromerida, Clionaidae) from the Pacific Ocean of Mexico. Zoological Journal of the Linnaean Society of London, 141, 353 - 397. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.2004.00126. x" type="journal article">
|
||
Carballo
|
||
<emphasis id="B9666F4D6062FFD1FC01D5EC82F4BB88" box="[962,1019,1765,1790]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2004)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
have some inconsistencies in the spirasters shape when are compared with the original description of the species, such as bifurcated rays, when the original spirasters description just reports single rays, and the arrangement of tylostyles in loose tracts are features that do not belong to
|
||
<emphasis id="B9666F4D6062FFD1FE26D4588389BA1C" box="[485,646,1873,1898]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C12C8DC6062FFD1FE26D458838CBA1C" box="[485,643,1873,1898]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Cliona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="7" pageNumber="158" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="flavifodina">C. flavifodina</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
neither to the present material studied.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |