323 lines
52 KiB
XML
323 lines
52 KiB
XML
<document id="61AD3DE359A2405D5198C258CAEC8355" ID-CLB-Dataset="8171" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4926.3.3" ID-GBIF-Dataset="d5fd31c2-1373-448a-9dd5-e3d130a22e14" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4529319" ID-ZooBank="372AB4A4-C184-4223-8525-62532B712FF7" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1612952051670" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Stonis, Jonas R., Diškus, Arūnas, Fernández-Alonso, José L., Remeikis, Andrius & Solis, M. Alma" docDate="2021" docId="03EA87FCFFCFFFFBFF19F9490636F9CC" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4926.3.3.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4926 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Stigmella tomentosella Diskus & Stonis 2021, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="D19FFC7B-9E35-4997-88CA-65AD65907308" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="379" masterDocId="FFD3FF84FFC0FFEBFF8EFF8E0726FFC5" masterDocTitle="New leaf-miningNepticulidae (Lepidoptera): potential pests of aromatic Lamiaceae plants from equatorial Andes" masterLastPageNumber="383" masterPageNumber="363" pageNumber="378" updateTime="1698928604595" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="F6E560DAF83C7F889AF2598B19112DFD">New leaf-miningNepticulidae (Lepidoptera): potential pests of aromatic Lamiaceae plants from equatorial Andes</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="B606D0BA417732F681A295CEB0197293">Stonis, Jonas R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="2BC999DC40392F94ED0A552278097FA1">State Research Institute Nature Research Centre, Akademijos St. 2, Vilnius 08412, Lithuania.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="1EC4953964D04C0A8FB141176CBEA628">Diškus, Arūnas</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="66F6D877DE56BB063DFCF26B3430C4D9" type="ORCID">0000-0003-0106-5546</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="D316C98268A00FCA4C393DF7E2188362">State Research Institute Nature Research Centre, Akademijos St. 2, Vilnius 08412, Lithuania. & diskus. biotaxonomy @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 0106 - 5546</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="6FE0316FF0D9DD9342D702D84CE01D45" type="email">diskus.biotaxonomy@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="DAC5D1B98A4DFB56DAB2D74ABEAA64F6">Fernández-Alonso, José L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="31A3B7D1B9CA2304D267408A04863DDD">Real Jardín Botánico-CSIC, Claudio Moyano 1, Madrid 28014, Spain. & jlfernandeza @ rjb. csic. es; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 1701 - 480 X</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="49CD445DE391878C2268349189CA8674" type="email">jlfernandeza@rjb.csic.es</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="0AB3B0781AD4DE97783A9306DD863776">Remeikis, Andrius</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="EA676AD510BB5F718955E13FBA927E56">State Research Institute Nature Research Centre, Akademijos St. 2, Vilnius 08412, Lithuania. & remeikis. andrew @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 9310 - 1112</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="75D4C0DF999C832F76B1ADE696532233">Solis, M. Alma</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="DF17F816BC93691AF78C4A6C9C0DCC8D" type="email">alma.solis@usda.gov</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<treatment id="03EA87FCFFCFFFFBFF19F9490636F9CC" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4545981" ID-GBIF-Taxon="177420936" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4545981" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:D19FFC7B-9E35-4997-88CA-65AD65907308" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EA87FCFFCFFFFBFF19F9490636F9CC" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="379" pageId="15" pageNumber="378">
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<heading id="D0B48186FFCFFFE4FF19F94905C0F924" bold="true" box="[151,742,1735,1762]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="378" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B937EAF8FFCFFFE4FF19F94905C0F924" bold="true" box="[151,742,1735,1762]" pageId="15" pageNumber="378">
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<taxonomicName id="4C434D69FFCFFFE4FF19F949055DF924" authority="Diskus & Stonis" authorityName="Diskus & Stonis" authorityYear="2021" box="[151,635,1735,1762]" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Stigmella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="378" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tomentosella" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B937EAF8FFCFFFE4FF19F949068CF927" bold="true" box="[151,426,1735,1762]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="378">Stigmella tomentosella</emphasis>
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Diškus & Stonis
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2045783FFCFFFE4FD06F94905C0F924" box="[648,742,1735,1761]" pageId="15" pageNumber="378" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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<subSubSection id="C3596561FFCFFFE4FF19F96504B3F8EF" pageId="15" pageNumber="378" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BFC36EAFFCFFFE4FF19F96506E9F8C3" blockId="15.[151,917,1735,1834]" box="[151,463,1771,1798]" pageId="15" pageNumber="378">
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(
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<figureCitation id="13782A6FFFCFFFE4FF11F9650607F8C0" box="[159,289,1771,1797]" captionStart="FIGURES 12–17" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1924,1948]" captionTargetBox="[166,1421,193,1891]" captionTargetId="figure-28@6.[154,1433,181,1901]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 12–17. Bionomics of Stigmella tomentosella Diškus & Stonis, sp. nov. 12, 13, host plant Clinopodium tomentosum (Kunth) Govaerts, Lamiaceae; 14–17, leaf mines, Ecuador, Baños, slopes of Tungurahua, ca.1860 m" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4529325" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4529325/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="378">Figs 12–17</figureCitation>
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,
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||
<figureCitation id="13782A6FFFCFFFE4FEA2F965066CF8C0" box="[300,330,1771,1797]" captionStart="FIGURES 22–31" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1922,1946]" captionTargetBox="[173,1416,187,1888]" captionTargetId="figure-28@8.[161,1426,181,1898]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 22–31. Adults of new Stigmella species. 22–24, S. aromatica Diškus & Stonis, sp. nov.; 25, 26, S. mentholica Diškus & Stonis, sp. nov.; 27, S. tomentosella Diškus & Stonis, sp. nov.; 28–30, enlarged right side of S. aromatica, sp. nov.; 31, enlarged right side of S. mentholica, sp. nov. (USNM)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4529329" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4529329/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="378">27</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13782A6FFFCFFFE4FED8F96506B8F8C3" box="[342,414,1771,1798]" captionStart="FIGURES 54–59" captionStartId="12.[151,264,1920,1944]" captionTargetBox="[160,1434,189,1884]" captionTargetId="figure-28@12.[154,1434,181,1896]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURES 54–59. Male genitalia of Stigmella tomentosella Diškus & Stonis, sp. nov. 54, slide AD796, holotype, capsule with phallus removed; 55, same, uncus; 56, same, valvae; 57, same, capsule, focused on gnathos and transtilla; 58, 59, same, phallus (USNM)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4529337" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4529337/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="378">54–59</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13782A6FFFCFFFE4FE24F96506E1F8C3" box="[426,455,1771,1798]" captionStart="FIGURES 68–70" captionStartId="17.[151,264,1466,1490]" captionTargetBox="[167,1421,314,1438]" captionTargetId="figure-80@17.[161,1426,309,1443]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURES 68–70. Predicted host-specific Stigmella distribution from host plant distribution. 68; approximate distribution of Minthostachys mollis (Benth.) Griseb., including var. mollis, and varieties hybrida Schmidt-Leb. in Colombia and Venezuela, and mandoniana (Briq.) Schmidt-Leb. in Perú and Bolivia, based on a review by Schmidt-Lebuhn (2008) and data from the herbarium of MA from Colombia, Ecuador, and Venezuela; 69, approximate distribution of Clinopodium tomentosum (Kunth) Govaerts, based on the collection by Epling & Játiva (1964), Harley (1999), and data from the herbariums of MA and MO (Fernández-Alonso & Morales 2013); 70, approximate distribution of Clinopodium axillare (Rusby) Harley, including subspecies C. axillare subsp. axillare and C. axillare subsp. uniflorum (Rusby ex Briq.) J.R.I. Wood, based on Epling & Játiva (1964), Wood (2011), Harley et al. (2014), and data from the herbariums of MA and MO." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4529345" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4529345/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="378">69</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BFC36EAFFCFFFE4FF19F88104B3F8EF" blockId="15.[151,917,1735,1834]" box="[151,917,1807,1834]" pageId="15" pageNumber="378">
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lsid:zoobank.org:act:
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<uuid id="FFE50C3FFFCFFFE4FEF2F88104B3F8EF" box="[380,917,1807,1834]" pageId="15" pageNumber="378">D19FFC7B-9E35-4997-88CA-65AD65907308</uuid>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3596561FFCFFFE4FF19F8D9020DF87C" pageId="15" pageNumber="378" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BFC36EAFFCFFFE4FF19F8D9020DF87C" blockId="15.[151,1436,1879,2014]" pageId="15" pageNumber="378">
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<emphasis id="B937EAF8FFCFFFE4FF19F8D90619F8B4" bold="true" box="[151,319,1879,1905]" pageId="15" pageNumber="378">Type material</emphasis>
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.
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<typeStatus id="54F88848FFCFFFE4FEC0F8D9069DF8B4" box="[334,443,1879,1905]" pageId="15" pageNumber="378" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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: ♁,
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<collectingCountry id="F354767AFFCFFFE4FE64F8D90550F8B4" box="[490,630,1879,1905]" name="Ecuador" pageId="15" pageNumber="378">ECUADOR</collectingCountry>
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: SE of Ambato, Baños de Agua Santa, on the slopes of the
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<collectingRegion id="4987F808FFCFFFE4FA98F8D902BAF8B4" box="[1302,1436,1879,1905]" country="Ecuador" name="Tungurahua" pageId="15" pageNumber="378">Tungurahua</collectingRegion>
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volcano, 1°24ꞌ5ꞌꞌS, 78°25ꞌ45ꞌꞌW, elevation
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<quantity id="4CBB9B0FFFCFFFE4FDF2F8F505F0F853" box="[636,726,1915,1942]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.98" pageId="15" pageNumber="378" unit="m" value="1980.0">1980 m</quantity>
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, mining larva on
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<taxonomicName id="4C434D69FFCFFFE4FC29F8F50600F87F" authority="(Kunth) Govaerts" authorityName="Govaerts" baseAuthorityName="Kunth" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lamiaceae" genus="Clinopodium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="15" pageNumber="378" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tomentosum">
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<emphasis id="B937EAF8FFCFFFE4FC29F8F503ECF850" box="[935,1226,1915,1941]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="378">Clinopodium tomentosum</emphasis>
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(Kunth) Govaerts (Lamiaceae)
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<date id="FFFD102AFFCFFFE4FEBFF81106B1F87C" box="[305,407,1951,1977]" pageId="15" pageNumber="378" value="2000-02-09">9.ii.2000</date>
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, leg.
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<collectionCode id="ED52AE2FFFCFFFE4FE5DF82E06CFF87F" box="[467,489,1952,1978]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="15" pageNumber="378">R</collectionCode>
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||
. Puplesis, genitalia slide no. AD796 (adult documented but lost) (
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<collectionCode id="ED52AE2FFFCFFFE4FB46F8110239F87C" box="[1224,1311,1951,1977]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="15" pageNumber="378" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
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).
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</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3596561FFCFFFFBFF49F84D03F6FBB8" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="379" pageId="15" pageNumber="378" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFC36EAFFCFFFFBFF49F84D0210FE68" blockId="15.[151,1436,1879,2014]" lastBlockId="16.[151,1437,151,1545]" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="379" pageId="15" pageNumber="378">
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<emphasis id="B937EAF8FFCFFFE4FF49F84D0664F818" bold="true" box="[199,322,1987,2013]" pageId="15" pageNumber="378">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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The new species belongs to the
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<taxonomicName id="4C434D69FFCFFFE4FD26F84D04ADF818" box="[680,907,1987,2013]" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Stigmella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="378" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="singularia">
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<emphasis id="B937EAF8FFCFFFE4FD26F84D04ADF818" box="[680,907,1987,2013]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="378">Stigmella singularia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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species group, designated and characterized by
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD24B1BFFD0FFFBFF19FF1906A7FF74" author="Stonis, J. R. & Diskus, A. & Remeikis, A. & Karsholt, O. & Cumbicus Torres, N." box="[151,385,151,177]" pageId="16" pageNumber="379" pagination="1 - 70" refId="ref10114" refString="Stonis, J. R., Diskus, A., Remeikis, A., Karsholt, O. & Cumbicus Torres, N. (2017 a) Illustrated review of the leaf-mining Nepti- culidae (Lepidoptera) of the central Andes (Peru and Bolivia). Zootaxa, 4257 (1), 1 - 70. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4257.1.1" type="journal article" year="2017">
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Stonis
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAF8FFD0FFFBFF6BFF190631FF74" box="[229,279,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="379">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2017a)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. In the male genitalia,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C434D69FFD0FFFBFD0AFF190416FF74" authority="Stonis & Diškus & Fernández-Alonso & Remeikis & Solis, 2021" authorityName="Stonis & Diškus & Fernández-Alonso & Remeikis & Solis" authorityYear="2021" box="[644,816,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Stigmella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="379" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tomentosella" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAF8FFD0FFFBFD0AFF190416FF74" box="[644,816,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="379">S. tomentosella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAF8FFD0FFFBFCB6FF1904B4FF74" bold="true" box="[824,914,151,177]" pageId="16" pageNumber="379">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2045783FFD0FFFBFCB6FF1904B4FF74" box="[824,914,151,177]" pageId="16" pageNumber="379" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
differs from the similar
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C434D69FFD0FFFBFB27FF19022FFF74" authority="Stonis & Diškus & Fernández-Alonso & Remeikis & Solis, 2021" authorityName="Stonis & Diškus & Fernández-Alonso & Remeikis & Solis" authorityYear="2021" box="[1193,1289,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Stigmella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="379" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="odora" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAF8FFD0FFFBFB27FF19022FFF74" box="[1193,1289,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="379">S. odora</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAF8FFD0FFFBFA9FFF19024AFF74" bold="true" box="[1297,1388,151,177]" pageId="16" pageNumber="379">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2045783FFD0FFFBFA9FFF19024AFF74" box="[1297,1388,151,177]" pageId="16" pageNumber="379" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and other species of the group by the unique, long and very slender cornutus, as well as the combination of a slender valva, large median element of the gnathos, and a transtilla with short sublateral processes. The host plant
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C434D69FFD0FFFBFAB7FF510678FED9" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lamiaceae" genus="Clinopodium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="16" pageNumber="379" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tomentosum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAF8FFD0FFFBFAB7FF510678FED9" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="379">Clinopodium tomentosum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
makes this species distinctive among
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C434D69FFD0FFFBFC81FE8D045FFED8" authorityName="Schrank" authorityYear="1802" box="[783,889,259,285]" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Stigmella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="379" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAF8FFD0FFFBFC81FE8D045FFED8" box="[783,889,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="379">Stigmella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species, except for the Bolivian
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C434D69FFD0FFFBFB62FE8D06B2FE84" authority="Diskus & Stonis, 2016" authorityName="Diskus & Stonis" authorityYear="2016" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Stigmella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="379" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="clinopodiella">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAF8FFD0FFFBFB62FE8D02BAFED8" box="[1260,1436,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="379">S. clinopodiella</emphasis>
|
||
Diškus &
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD24B1BFFD0FFFBFE86FEA906B2FE84" author="Stonis, J. R. & Diskus, A. & Remeikis, A. & Gerulaitis, V. & Karsholt, O." box="[264,404,295,321]" pageId="16" pageNumber="379" pagination="1 - 94" refId="ref10038" refString="Stonis, J. R., Diskus, A., Remeikis, A., Gerulaitis, V. & Karsholt, O. (2016) Leaf-mining Nepticulidae (Lepidoptera) from record high altitudes: documenting an entire new fauna in the Andean paramo and puna. Monograph. Zootaxa, 4181 (1), 1 - 94. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4181.1.1" type="journal article" year="2016">Stonis, 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
that feeds on the related host plant,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C434D69FFD0FFFBFCA6FEA903EDFE84" authority="(Rusby) Harley" authorityName="Harley" authorityYear="2000" baseAuthorityName="Rusby" box="[808,1227,295,322]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lamiaceae" genus="Clinopodium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="16" pageNumber="379" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="axillare">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAF8FFD0FFFBFCA6FEA90331FE84" box="[808,1047,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="379">Clinopodium axillare</emphasis>
|
||
(Rusby) Harley
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13782A6FFFD0FFFBFB55FEA9020AFE84" box="[1243,1324,295,321]" captionStart="FIGURES 18–21" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1834,1858]" captionTargetBox="[179,1409,182,1803]" captionTargetId="figure-19@7.[170,1418,181,1810]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 18–21. Bionomics of Stigmella clinopodiella Diškus & Stonis, 2016. 18, host plant Clinopodium axillare (Rusby) Harley, Lamiaceae: Menthae; 19–21, leaf mines, Bolivia, Copacabana (southern shore of Lake Titicaca), ca. 3930 m. Note. Figure 18 most likely represents Clinopodium axillare subsp. uniflorum (Rusby ex Briq.) J.R.I. Wood. The only difference of note is that the locality of our sample is somewhat higher in elevation (3930 m) than those so far known for this species (3000–3300 m) in herbarium material and the literature (Wood 2011). However, there are frequent intermediate forms and possible hybrids which are difficult to assign with precision to a taxon (Schmidt-Lebuhn 2008)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4529327" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4529327/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="379">Fig. 18</figureCitation>
|
||
) (See Remarks below). However,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C434D69FFD0FFFBFE21FEC5057FFEA0" authorityName="Stonis & Diškus & Fernández-Alonso & Remeikis & Solis" authorityYear="2021" box="[431,601,331,357]" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Stigmella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="379" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tomentosella">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAF8FFD0FFFBFE21FEC5057FFEA0" box="[431,601,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="379">S. tomentosella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs in the morphology of the leaf mine: the leaf mine of the new species is slender, almost entirely filled with brown-black frass (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13782A6FFFD0FFFBFC81FEE10444FE4C" box="[783,866,366,393]" captionStart="FIGURES 12–17" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1924,1948]" captionTargetBox="[166,1421,193,1891]" captionTargetId="figure-28@6.[154,1433,181,1901]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 12–17. Bionomics of Stigmella tomentosella Diškus & Stonis, sp. nov. 12, 13, host plant Clinopodium tomentosum (Kunth) Govaerts, Lamiaceae; 14–17, leaf mines, Ecuador, Baños, slopes of Tungurahua, ca.1860 m" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4529325" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4529325/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="379">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
|
||
); the leaf mine of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C434D69FFD0FFFBFBA3FEE103FBFE4C" authorityName="Diskus & Stonis" authorityYear="2016" box="[1069,1245,367,393]" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Stigmella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="379" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="clinopodiella">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAF8FFD0FFFBFBA3FEE103FBFE4C" box="[1069,1245,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="379">S. clinopodiella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a combination of a long, very slender gallery and an elongated blotch with wide margin unfilled with frass (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13782A6FFFD0FFFBFB28FE1D020FFE68" box="[1190,1321,403,429]" captionStart="FIGURES 18–21" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1834,1858]" captionTargetBox="[179,1409,182,1803]" captionTargetId="figure-19@7.[170,1418,181,1810]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 18–21. Bionomics of Stigmella clinopodiella Diškus & Stonis, 2016. 18, host plant Clinopodium axillare (Rusby) Harley, Lamiaceae: Menthae; 19–21, leaf mines, Bolivia, Copacabana (southern shore of Lake Titicaca), ca. 3930 m. Note. Figure 18 most likely represents Clinopodium axillare subsp. uniflorum (Rusby ex Briq.) J.R.I. Wood. The only difference of note is that the locality of our sample is somewhat higher in elevation (3930 m) than those so far known for this species (3000–3300 m) in herbarium material and the literature (Wood 2011). However, there are frequent intermediate forms and possible hybrids which are difficult to assign with precision to a taxon (Schmidt-Lebuhn 2008)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4529327" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4529327/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="379">Figs 19–21</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFC36EAFFD0FFFBFF49FE39048AFD6C" blockId="16.[151,1437,151,1545]" pageId="16" pageNumber="379">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAF8FFD0FFFBFF49FE390622FE14" bold="true" box="[199,260,439,465]" pageId="16" pageNumber="379">Male</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13782A6FFFD0FFFBFE9AFE39064FFE14" box="[276,361,439,465]" captionStart="FIGURES 22–31" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1922,1946]" captionTargetBox="[173,1416,187,1888]" captionTargetId="figure-28@8.[161,1426,181,1898]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 22–31. Adults of new Stigmella species. 22–24, S. aromatica Diškus & Stonis, sp. nov.; 25, 26, S. mentholica Diškus & Stonis, sp. nov.; 27, S. tomentosella Diškus & Stonis, sp. nov.; 28–30, enlarged right side of S. aromatica, sp. nov.; 31, enlarged right side of S. mentholica, sp. nov. (USNM)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4529329" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4529329/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="379">Fig. 27</figureCitation>
|
||
). Forewing length
|
||
<quantity id="4CBB9B0FFFD0FFFBFDB1FE3905BFFE14" box="[575,665,439,465]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1" pageId="16" pageNumber="379" unit="mm" value="2.1">2.1 mm</quantity>
|
||
; wingspan
|
||
<quantity id="4CBB9B0FFFD0FFFBFC96FE390449FE14" box="[792,879,439,465]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.6" pageId="16" pageNumber="379" unit="mm" value="4.6">4.6 mm</quantity>
|
||
(n = 1). Head: palpi brownish cream; frontal tuft dark orange; scape and collar brownish cream; antenna (flagellum) brownish grey. Thorax and tegula concolorous with the forewing base. Forewing densely speckled with brown and dark brown scales; fascia ill-defined, subapical, comprised of brownish white scales; fringe pale brown; underside of forewing brown, without spots or androconia. Hindwing brownish grey, without androconia; fringe grey. Legs brownish cream; on upper side, covered with blackgrey scales. Abdomen blackish grey on upper side, brownish cream on underside; genital segments cream; anal tufts distinctive, cream, half the width of terminal segment of the abdomen.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFC36EAFFD0FFFBFF49FD3D0684FD08" blockId="16.[151,1437,151,1545]" box="[199,418,691,717]" pageId="16" pageNumber="379">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAF8FFD0FFFBFF49FD3D0638FD08" bold="true" box="[199,286,691,717]" pageId="16" pageNumber="379">Female</emphasis>
|
||
. Unknown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFC36EAFFD0FFFBFF49FD5906E6FC0C" blockId="16.[151,1437,151,1545]" pageId="16" pageNumber="379">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAF8FFD0FFFBFF49FD590654FD35" bold="true" box="[199,370,726,753]" pageId="16" pageNumber="379">Male genitalia</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13782A6FFFD0FFFBFE0CFD590520FD34" box="[386,518,726,753]" captionStart="FIGURES 54–59" captionStartId="12.[151,264,1920,1944]" captionTargetBox="[160,1434,189,1884]" captionTargetId="figure-28@12.[154,1434,181,1896]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURES 54–59. Male genitalia of Stigmella tomentosella Diškus & Stonis, sp. nov. 54, slide AD796, holotype, capsule with phallus removed; 55, same, uncus; 56, same, valvae; 57, same, capsule, focused on gnathos and transtilla; 58, 59, same, phallus (USNM)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4529337" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4529337/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="379">Figs 54–59</figureCitation>
|
||
). Capsule longer (290 μm) than wide (170 μm). Vinculum with distinctive, thickened, slightly angular lateral lobes (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13782A6FFFD0FFFBFDA0FD7505A2FCD0" box="[558,644,762,789]" captionStart="FIGURES 54–59" captionStartId="12.[151,264,1920,1944]" captionTargetBox="[160,1434,189,1884]" captionTargetId="figure-28@12.[154,1434,181,1896]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURES 54–59. Male genitalia of Stigmella tomentosella Diškus & Stonis, sp. nov. 54, slide AD796, holotype, capsule with phallus removed; 55, same, uncus; 56, same, valvae; 57, same, capsule, focused on gnathos and transtilla; 58, 59, same, phallus (USNM)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4529337" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4529337/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="379">Fig. 57</figureCitation>
|
||
). Uncus gradually narrowing towards apex, with characteristic caudal lobes (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13782A6FFFD0FFFBFF6DFC91061CFCFC" box="[227,314,798,825]" captionStart="FIGURES 54–59" captionStartId="12.[151,264,1920,1944]" captionTargetBox="[160,1434,189,1884]" captionTargetId="figure-28@12.[154,1434,181,1896]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURES 54–59. Male genitalia of Stigmella tomentosella Diškus & Stonis, sp. nov. 54, slide AD796, holotype, capsule with phallus removed; 55, same, uncus; 56, same, valvae; 57, same, capsule, focused on gnathos and transtilla; 58, 59, same, phallus (USNM)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4529337" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4529337/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="379">Fig. 55</figureCitation>
|
||
). Gnathos with a moderately large median plate and two slender caudal processes (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13782A6FFFD0FFFBFB7CFC91026EFCFC" box="[1266,1352,798,825]" captionStart="FIGURES 54–59" captionStartId="12.[151,264,1920,1944]" captionTargetBox="[160,1434,189,1884]" captionTargetId="figure-28@12.[154,1434,181,1896]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURES 54–59. Male genitalia of Stigmella tomentosella Diškus & Stonis, sp. nov. 54, slide AD796, holotype, capsule with phallus removed; 55, same, uncus; 56, same, valvae; 57, same, capsule, focused on gnathos and transtilla; 58, 59, same, phallus (USNM)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4529337" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4529337/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="379">Fig. 54</figureCitation>
|
||
). Valva (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13782A6FFFD0FFFBFF2EFCCD07D4FC98" box="[160,242,834,861]" captionStart="FIGURES 54–59" captionStartId="12.[151,264,1920,1944]" captionTargetBox="[160,1434,189,1884]" captionTargetId="figure-28@12.[154,1434,181,1896]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURES 54–59. Male genitalia of Stigmella tomentosella Diškus & Stonis, sp. nov. 54, slide AD796, holotype, capsule with phallus removed; 55, same, uncus; 56, same, valvae; 57, same, capsule, focused on gnathos and transtilla; 58, 59, same, phallus (USNM)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4529337" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4529337/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="379">Fig. 56</figureCitation>
|
||
) 180 μm long, slender, gradually narrowing to an apical process (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13782A6FFFD0FFFBFC6EFCCD0313FC98" box="[992,1077,834,861]" captionStart="FIGURES 54–59" captionStartId="12.[151,264,1920,1944]" captionTargetBox="[160,1434,189,1884]" captionTargetId="figure-28@12.[154,1434,181,1896]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURES 54–59. Male genitalia of Stigmella tomentosella Diškus & Stonis, sp. nov. 54, slide AD796, holotype, capsule with phallus removed; 55, same, uncus; 56, same, valvae; 57, same, capsule, focused on gnathos and transtilla; 58, 59, same, phallus (USNM)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4529337" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4529337/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="379">Fig. 56</figureCitation>
|
||
); transtilla with short sublateral processes (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13782A6FFFD0FFFBFE9CFCE90641FC44" box="[274,359,870,897]" captionStart="FIGURES 54–59" captionStartId="12.[151,264,1920,1944]" captionTargetBox="[160,1434,189,1884]" captionTargetId="figure-28@12.[154,1434,181,1896]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURES 54–59. Male genitalia of Stigmella tomentosella Diškus & Stonis, sp. nov. 54, slide AD796, holotype, capsule with phallus removed; 55, same, uncus; 56, same, valvae; 57, same, capsule, focused on gnathos and transtilla; 58, 59, same, phallus (USNM)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4529337" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4529337/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="379">Fig. 57</figureCitation>
|
||
). Juxta membranous, indistinctive. Phallus (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13782A6FFFD0FFFBFCD7FCE904FCFC44" box="[857,986,870,897]" captionStart="FIGURES 54–59" captionStartId="12.[151,264,1920,1944]" captionTargetBox="[160,1434,189,1884]" captionTargetId="figure-28@12.[154,1434,181,1896]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURES 54–59. Male genitalia of Stigmella tomentosella Diškus & Stonis, sp. nov. 54, slide AD796, holotype, capsule with phallus removed; 55, same, uncus; 56, same, valvae; 57, same, capsule, focused on gnathos and transtilla; 58, 59, same, phallus (USNM)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4529337" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4529337/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="379">Figs 58, 59</figureCitation>
|
||
) about 295 μm long, 55 μm wide in the middle and 90 μm wide at apical part; vesica with a set of about ten large spine-like cornuti; one of them is very slender and long (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13782A6FFFD0FFFBFEEEFC210692FC0C" box="[352,436,942,969]" captionStart="FIGURES 54–59" captionStartId="12.[151,264,1920,1944]" captionTargetBox="[160,1434,189,1884]" captionTargetId="figure-28@12.[154,1434,181,1896]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURES 54–59. Male genitalia of Stigmella tomentosella Diškus & Stonis, sp. nov. 54, slide AD796, holotype, capsule with phallus removed; 55, same, uncus; 56, same, valvae; 57, same, capsule, focused on gnathos and transtilla; 58, 59, same, phallus (USNM)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4529337" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4529337/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="379">Fig. 59</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFC36EAFFD0FFFBFF49FC5C03F6FBB8" blockId="16.[151,1437,151,1545]" pageId="16" pageNumber="379">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAF8FFD0FFFBFF49FC5C0665FC29" bold="true" box="[199,323,978,1004]" pageId="16" pageNumber="379">Bionomics</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13782A6FFFD0FFFBFEDDFC5D06F3FC28" box="[339,469,979,1005]" captionStart="FIGURES 12–17" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1924,1948]" captionTargetBox="[166,1421,193,1891]" captionTargetId="figure-28@6.[154,1433,181,1901]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 12–17. Bionomics of Stigmella tomentosella Diškus & Stonis, sp. nov. 12, 13, host plant Clinopodium tomentosum (Kunth) Govaerts, Lamiaceae; 14–17, leaf mines, Ecuador, Baños, slopes of Tungurahua, ca.1860 m" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4529325" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4529325/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="379">Figs 12–17</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13782A6FFFD0FFFBFE6EFC5D0526FC2B" box="[480,512,979,1006]" captionStart="FIGURES 68–70" captionStartId="17.[151,264,1466,1490]" captionTargetBox="[167,1421,314,1438]" captionTargetId="figure-80@17.[161,1426,309,1443]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURES 68–70. Predicted host-specific Stigmella distribution from host plant distribution. 68; approximate distribution of Minthostachys mollis (Benth.) Griseb., including var. mollis, and varieties hybrida Schmidt-Leb. in Colombia and Venezuela, and mandoniana (Briq.) Schmidt-Leb. in Perú and Bolivia, based on a review by Schmidt-Lebuhn (2008) and data from the herbarium of MA from Colombia, Ecuador, and Venezuela; 69, approximate distribution of Clinopodium tomentosum (Kunth) Govaerts, based on the collection by Epling & Játiva (1964), Harley (1999), and data from the herbariums of MA and MO (Fernández-Alonso & Morales 2013); 70, approximate distribution of Clinopodium axillare (Rusby) Harley, including subspecies C. axillare subsp. axillare and C. axillare subsp. uniflorum (Rusby ex Briq.) J.R.I. Wood, based on Epling & Játiva (1964), Wood (2011), Harley et al. (2014), and data from the herbariums of MA and MO." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4529345" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4529345/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="379">69</figureCitation>
|
||
). Host plant is
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C434D69FFD0FFFBFD24FC5D03BCFC28" authority="(Kunth) Govaerts" authorityName="Govaerts" baseAuthorityName="Kunth" box="[682,1178,979,1006]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lamiaceae" genus="Clinopodium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="16" pageNumber="379" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tomentosum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAF8FFD0FFFBFD24FC5D04ECFC29" box="[682,970,979,1005]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="379">Clinopodium tomentosum</emphasis>
|
||
(Kunth) Govaerts
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C434D69FFD0FFFBFB2BFC5D0205FC28" box="[1189,1315,979,1005]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lamiaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="16" pageNumber="379" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Lamiaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C434D69FFD0FFFBFAA0FC5D02BAFC28" authorityName="Stonis & Diškus & Fernández-Alonso & Remeikis & Solis" authorityYear="2021" box="[1326,1436,979,1005]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lamiaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="16" pageNumber="379" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="tribe" tribe="Mentheae">Mentheae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13782A6FFFD0FFFBFF11FC790605FBD4" box="[159,291,1015,1041]" captionStart="FIGURES 12–17" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1924,1948]" captionTargetBox="[166,1421,193,1891]" captionTargetId="figure-28@6.[154,1433,181,1901]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 12–17. Bionomics of Stigmella tomentosella Diškus & Stonis, sp. nov. 12, 13, host plant Clinopodium tomentosum (Kunth) Govaerts, Lamiaceae; 14–17, leaf mines, Ecuador, Baños, slopes of Tungurahua, ca.1860 m" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4529325" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4529325/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="379">Figs 12, 13</figureCitation>
|
||
). Larva pale, brownish yellow with an indistinctive intestine and pale brown head; feeds in February and in January (note that in early February most of leaf mines are already vacant). Leaf mine (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13782A6FFFD0FFFBFB6EFB950244FBF0" box="[1248,1378,1051,1077]" captionStart="FIGURES 12–17" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1924,1948]" captionTargetBox="[166,1421,193,1891]" captionTargetId="figure-28@6.[154,1433,181,1901]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 12–17. Bionomics of Stigmella tomentosella Diškus & Stonis, sp. nov. 12, 13, host plant Clinopodium tomentosum (Kunth) Govaerts, Lamiaceae; 14–17, leaf mines, Ecuador, Baños, slopes of Tungurahua, ca.1860 m" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4529325" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4529325/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="379">Figs 14–17</figureCitation>
|
||
) is a gradually widening gallery, almost entirely filled with black-brown frass (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13782A6FFFD0FFFBFC6CFBB10311FB9C" box="[994,1079,1086,1113]" captionStart="FIGURES 12–17" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1924,1948]" captionTargetBox="[166,1421,193,1891]" captionTargetId="figure-28@6.[154,1433,181,1901]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 12–17. Bionomics of Stigmella tomentosella Diškus & Stonis, sp. nov. 12, 13, host plant Clinopodium tomentosum (Kunth) Govaerts, Lamiaceae; 14–17, leaf mines, Ecuador, Baños, slopes of Tungurahua, ca.1860 m" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4529325" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4529325/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="379">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
|
||
). Cocoon beige to ochre-beige,
|
||
<quantity id="4CBB9B0FFFD0FFFBFF19FBED0638FBB8" box="[151,286,1123,1149]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.05" metricValueMax="2.2" metricValueMin="1.9" pageId="16" pageNumber="379" unit="mm" value="2.05" valueMax="2.2" valueMin="1.9">1.9–2.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
long,
|
||
<quantity id="4CBB9B0FFFD0FFFBFEEBFBED06CAFBB8" box="[357,492,1123,1149]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="1.4" metricValueMin="1.1" pageId="16" pageNumber="379" unit="mm" value="1.25" valueMax="1.4" valueMin="1.1">1.1–1.4 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide (n = 4). Adults fly in February and probably in early March.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3596561FFD0FFFBFF49FB08053DFB2F" pageId="16" pageNumber="379" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFC36EAFFD0FFFBFF49FB08053DFB2F" blockId="16.[151,1437,151,1545]" pageId="16" pageNumber="379">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAF8FFD0FFFBFF49FB08067FFB65" bold="true" box="[199,345,1158,1184]" pageId="16" pageNumber="379">Distribution</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13782A6FFFD0FFFBFEE4FB0906E6FB67" box="[362,448,1159,1186]" captionStart="FIGURES 68–70" captionStartId="17.[151,264,1466,1490]" captionTargetBox="[167,1421,314,1438]" captionTargetId="figure-80@17.[161,1426,309,1443]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURES 68–70. Predicted host-specific Stigmella distribution from host plant distribution. 68; approximate distribution of Minthostachys mollis (Benth.) Griseb., including var. mollis, and varieties hybrida Schmidt-Leb. in Colombia and Venezuela, and mandoniana (Briq.) Schmidt-Leb. in Perú and Bolivia, based on a review by Schmidt-Lebuhn (2008) and data from the herbarium of MA from Colombia, Ecuador, and Venezuela; 69, approximate distribution of Clinopodium tomentosum (Kunth) Govaerts, based on the collection by Epling & Játiva (1964), Harley (1999), and data from the herbariums of MA and MO (Fernández-Alonso & Morales 2013); 70, approximate distribution of Clinopodium axillare (Rusby) Harley, including subspecies C. axillare subsp. axillare and C. axillare subsp. uniflorum (Rusby ex Briq.) J.R.I. Wood, based on Epling & Játiva (1964), Wood (2011), Harley et al. (2014), and data from the herbariums of MA and MO." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4529345" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4529345/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="379">Fig. 69</figureCitation>
|
||
). This species is known from a single locality in equatorial Andes, on the slopes of the
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4987F808FFD0FFFBFF19FB25063BFB00" box="[151,285,1195,1221]" country="Ecuador" name="Tungurahua" pageId="16" pageNumber="379">Tungurahua</collectingRegion>
|
||
volcano (
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F354767AFFD0FFFBFE02FB2506C9FB00" box="[396,495,1195,1221]" name="Ecuador" pageId="16" pageNumber="379">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||
: Baños) at elevation of ca.
|
||
<quantity id="4CBB9B0FFFD0FFFBFCAEFB250451FB00" box="[800,887,1195,1221]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="16" pageNumber="379" unit="m" value="2000.0">2000 m</quantity>
|
||
, but the host plant has a wider distribution in the equatorial Andes (see Discussion).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3596561FFD0FFFBFF49FB7D0377FAC8" box="[199,1105,1267,1293]" pageId="16" pageNumber="379" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFC36EAFFD0FFFBFF49FB7D0377FAC8" blockId="16.[151,1437,151,1545]" box="[199,1105,1267,1293]" pageId="16" pageNumber="379">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAF8FFD0FFFBFF49FB7D0668FAC8" bold="true" box="[199,334,1267,1293]" pageId="16" pageNumber="379">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
The species is named after the host plant,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C434D69FFD0FFFBFCA4FB7D036CFAC9" box="[810,1098,1267,1293]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lamiaceae" genus="Clinopodium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="16" pageNumber="379" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tomentosum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAF8FFD0FFFBFCA4FB7D036CFAC9" box="[810,1098,1267,1293]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="379">Clinopodium tomentosum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3596561FFD0FFFBFF49FA990636F9CC" pageId="16" pageNumber="379" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFC36EAFFD0FFFBFF49FA990636F9CC" blockId="16.[151,1437,151,1545]" pageId="16" pageNumber="379">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAF8FFD0FFFBFF49FA99061DFAF4" bold="true" box="[199,315,1303,1329]" pageId="16" pageNumber="379">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C434D69FFD0FFFBFECCFA99042CFAF4" authority="Diskus & Stonis" authorityName="Diskus & Stonis" authorityYear="2016" box="[322,778,1303,1329]" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Stigmella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="379" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="clinopodiella">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAF8FFD0FFFBFECCFA99056EFAF4" box="[322,584,1303,1329]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="379">Stigmella clinopodiella</emphasis>
|
||
Diškus & Stonis
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, discovered feeding on a congeneric host plant to this species, was described from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F354767AFFD0FFFBFE37FAB5052DFA90" box="[441,523,1339,1365]" name="Bolivia" pageId="16" pageNumber="379">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13782A6FFFD0FFFBFD92FAB50557FA90" box="[540,625,1339,1365]" captionStart="FIGURES 68–70" captionStartId="17.[151,264,1466,1490]" captionTargetBox="[167,1421,314,1438]" captionTargetId="figure-80@17.[161,1426,309,1443]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURES 68–70. Predicted host-specific Stigmella distribution from host plant distribution. 68; approximate distribution of Minthostachys mollis (Benth.) Griseb., including var. mollis, and varieties hybrida Schmidt-Leb. in Colombia and Venezuela, and mandoniana (Briq.) Schmidt-Leb. in Perú and Bolivia, based on a review by Schmidt-Lebuhn (2008) and data from the herbarium of MA from Colombia, Ecuador, and Venezuela; 69, approximate distribution of Clinopodium tomentosum (Kunth) Govaerts, based on the collection by Epling & Játiva (1964), Harley (1999), and data from the herbariums of MA and MO (Fernández-Alonso & Morales 2013); 70, approximate distribution of Clinopodium axillare (Rusby) Harley, including subspecies C. axillare subsp. axillare and C. axillare subsp. uniflorum (Rusby ex Briq.) J.R.I. Wood, based on Epling & Játiva (1964), Wood (2011), Harley et al. (2014), and data from the herbariums of MA and MO." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4529345" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4529345/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="379">Fig. 70</figureCitation>
|
||
), and illustrated by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD24B1BFFD0FFFBFCDBFAB50351FA90" author="Stonis, J. R. & Diskus, A. & Remeikis, A. & Gerulaitis, V. & Karsholt, O." box="[853,1143,1339,1365]" pageId="16" pageNumber="379" pagination="1 - 94" refId="ref10038" refString="Stonis, J. R., Diskus, A., Remeikis, A., Gerulaitis, V. & Karsholt, O. (2016) Leaf-mining Nepticulidae (Lepidoptera) from record high altitudes: documenting an entire new fauna in the Andean paramo and puna. Monograph. Zootaxa, 4181 (1), 1 - 94. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4181.1.1" type="journal article" year="2016">
|
||
Stonis
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAF8FFD0FFFBFC2DFAB504F0FA90" box="[931,982,1339,1365]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="379">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2016: 79–82
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. The species also belongs to the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C434D69FFD0FFFBFF53FAD106E7FABC" box="[221,449,1375,1401]" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Stigmella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="379" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="singularia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAF8FFD0FFFBFF53FAD106E7FABC" box="[221,449,1375,1401]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="379">Stigmella singularia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species group. In the male genitalia (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13782A6FFFD0FFFBFCEBFAD104CEFABF" box="[869,1000,1375,1402]" captionStart="FIGURES 60–62" captionStartId="13.[151,264,1248,1272]" captionTargetBox="[160,1431,187,1206]" captionTargetId="figure-19@13.[154,1434,181,1224]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURES 60–62. Male genitalia of Stigmella clinopodiella Diškus & Stonis, 2016 (after Stonis et al. 2016, modified). 60, slide AD646, holotype, valvae; 61, same, cornuti; 62, same, capsule with phallus removed (ZMUC)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4529341" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4529341/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="379">Figs 60–62</figureCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C434D69FFD0FFFBFC75FAD1038DFABC" authorityName="Diskus & Stonis" authorityYear="2016" box="[1019,1195,1375,1401]" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Stigmella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="379" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="clinopodiella">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAF8FFD0FFFBFC75FAD1038DFABC" box="[1019,1195,1375,1401]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="379">S. clinopodiella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from all other species of the group in the combination of a large gnathos with two very close-set caudal processes, truncate uncus, large apical process of the valva, triangular juxta and long cornuti of the phallus. In the female genitalia,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C434D69FFD0FFFBFA09FA29060DFA20" authorityName="Diskus & Stonis" authorityYear="2016" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Stigmella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="379" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="clinopodiella">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAF8FFD0FFFBFA09FA29060DFA20" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="379">S. clinopodiella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is characterized by the angular anterior apophyses (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13782A6FFFD0FFFBFCF2FA4504E9FA23" box="[892,975,1483,1510]" captionStart="FIGURES 63–67" captionStartId="14.[151,264,1922,1946]" captionTargetBox="[164,1422,193,1890]" captionTargetId="figure-28@14.[154,1434,181,1898]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURES 63–67. Female genitalia of Stigmella species. 63, 64, S. mentholica Diškus & Stonis, sp. nov. genitalia slide no. AD1026 (USNM); 65, 66, S. aromatica Diškus & Stonis, sp. nov., paratype, genitalia slide no. AD1027 (USNM); 67, S. clinopodiella Diškus & Stonis, 2016, paratype, genitalia slide no. AD651, with apophyses of AD653 (ZMUC)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4529343" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4529343/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="379">Fig. 67</figureCitation>
|
||
) and the rounded basal part of the bursa copulatrix.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |