treatments-xml/data/03/EA/87/03EA87C8143EFF815D53F918FD4918E9.xml

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<mods:title id="6EC065F4B3BF23DD93677D4EE5BA2467">Revision of the thamnocephalid Genus Phallocryptus (Crustacea; Branchiopoda; Anostraca)</mods:title>
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<paragraph id="8BFC36DE143EFF8E5D53F918FBED1FC1" blockId="6.[264,1047,1684,1745]" box="[264,1047,1684,1710]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<heading id="D0B481B2143EFF8E5D53F918FBED1FC1" bold="true" box="[264,1047,1684,1710]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B937EACC143EFF8E5D53F918FBED1FC1" bold="true" box="[264,1047,1684,1710]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<taxonomicName id="4C434D5D143EFF8E5D53F918FCC01FC1" ID-CoL="9G48X" authority="Milne-Edwards, 1840" authorityName="Milne-Edwards" authorityYear="1840" box="[264,826,1684,1710]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Thamnocephalidae" genus="Phallocryptus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anostraca" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spinosa" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="B937EACC143EFF8E5D53F918FDEB1FC1" bold="true" box="[264,529,1684,1710]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Phallocryptus spinosa</emphasis>
(Milne­Edwards, 1840)
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20457B7143EFF8E5F1AF918FBED1FC1" box="[833,1047,1684,1710]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">new combination</taxonomicNameLabel>
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<paragraph id="8BFC36DE143EFF8E5D53F93BFE341FBE" blockId="6.[264,1047,1684,1745]" box="[264,462,1719,1745]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
(
<figureCitation id="13782A5B143EFF8E5D4BF93BFE881FBE" box="[272,370,1719,1745]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[264,368,1562,1586]" captionTargetBox="[279,1302,1142,1530]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[268,1319,1123,1547]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Phallocryptus, male genitalia: A) P. w r i g h t i; B) P. sublettei; C) P. s p i n o s a." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/156888/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Figure 1</figureCitation>
c, 4a­h)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<paragraph id="8BFC36DE143EFF8E5D53F88BFAD01E32" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<table id="F943C47E143E00775D53F88AFAD01E31" box="[264,1322,1798,1886]" gridcols="8" gridrows="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<tr id="3573349C143E00775D53F88AFAD01E71" box="[264,1322,1798,1822]" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-7="1">
<th id="76A25DE0143E00775D53F88AFCFE1E71" box="[264,772,1798,1822]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<taxonomicName id="4C434D5D143EFF8E5D53F88BFD2F1E72" authority="Milne-Edwards, 1840" authorityName="Milne-Edwards" authorityYear="1840" box="[264,725,1798,1822]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Branchipodidae" genus="Branchipus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anostraca" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spinosus">
<emphasis id="B937EACC143EFF8E5D53F88BFE1F1E71" box="[264,485,1799,1822]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Branchipus spinosus</emphasis>
Milne­Edwards, 1840
</taxonomicName>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="3573349C143E00775D53F8AAFAD01E51" box="[264,1322,1830,1854]" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-7="1">
<th id="76A25DE0143E00775D53F8AAFCFE1E51" box="[264,772,1830,1854]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<taxonomicName id="4C434D5D143EFF8E5D53F8ABFD851E52" authority="Simon, 1886" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1886" box="[264,639,1830,1854]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Branchinectidae" genus="Branchinecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anostraca" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spinosa">
<emphasis id="B937EACC143EFF8E5D53F8ABFE0A1E51" box="[264,496,1831,1854]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Branchinecta spinosa</emphasis>
Simon, 1886
</taxonomicName>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="3573349C143E00775D53F8CAFAD01E31" box="[264,1322,1862,1886]" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<th id="76A25DE0143E00775D53F8CAFCFE1E31" box="[264,772,1862,1886]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<taxonomicName id="4C434D5D143EFF8E5D53F8CBFCFA1E32" authority="Milne-Edwards, 1840" authorityName="Milne-Edwards" authorityYear="1840" box="[264,768,1862,1886]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Thamnocephalidae" genus="Branchinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anostraca" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spinosa">
<emphasis id="B937EACC143EFF8E5D53F8CBFE0B1E31" box="[264,497,1863,1886]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Branchinella spinosa</emphasis>
(Milne­Edwards, 1840)
</taxonomicName>
.
</th>
<td id="76A25DE0143E00775F4BF8CAFC5E1E31" box="[784,932,1862,1886]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Abatzopoulos</td>
<td id="76A25DE0143E00775FEBF8CAFC391E31" box="[944,963,1862,1886]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">et</td>
<td id="76A25DE0143E00775F8BF8CAFC0A1E31" box="[976,1008,1862,1886]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">al.,</td>
<td id="76A25DE0143E00775FA6F8CAFBC31E31" box="[1021,1081,1862,1886]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">1999;</td>
<td id="76A25DE0143E0077581DF8CAFB631E31" box="[1094,1177,1862,1886]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Alonso,</td>
<td id="76A25DE0143E007758FEF8CAFB1B1E31" box="[1189,1249,1862,1886]" gridcol="6" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">1985,</td>
<td id="76A25DE0143E007758B6F8CAFAD01E31" box="[1261,1322,1862,1886]" gridcol="7" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">1996;</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<subSubSection id="C3596555143FFF8F5D63FE90FDEC1B7C" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BFC36DE143FFF8F5D63FE90FC7318DC" blockId="7.[264,1323,284,531]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<bibRefCitation id="EFD24B2F143FFF8F5D63FE90FD80185C" author="Brendonck" box="[312,634,284,307]" pageId="7" pageNumber="12" refString="Brendonck, L. &amp; Riddoch, B. (1997) Anostracan (Branchiopoda) of Botswana: morphology, distribution, diversity, and endemicity. Journal of Crustacean Biology, 17, 111 - 134." type="journal article" year="1997">Brendonck &amp; Riddoch, 1997</bibRefCitation>
; 
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; Daday, 1910; 
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; 
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, 
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; 
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; 
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; 
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; 
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; 1987; 1999; 2001; Mura et al., 1999; 
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Mura &amp; Del 
<collectingCountry id="F354764E143FFF8F5EB8FED0FCE4181C" box="[739,798,348,371]" name="Chad" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Cado</collectingCountry>
, 1992
</bibRefCitation>
;Mura &amp; Hadjistephanou, 1987; 
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; 
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; 
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; 
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; 
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; 
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.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFC36DE143FFF8F5D53FE30FDA718BC" blockId="7.[264,1323,284,531]" box="[264,605,444,467]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<taxonomicName id="4C434D5D143FFF8F5D53FE30FDA718BC" authority="Pesta, 1921" authorityName="Pesta" authorityYear="1921" box="[264,605,444,467]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Thamnocephalidae" genus="Branchinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anostraca" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="media">
<emphasis id="B937EACC143FFF8F5D53FE30FE2118BC" box="[264,475,444,467]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Branchinella media</emphasis>
Pesta, 1921
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFC36DE143FFF8F5D53FE50FDEC1B7C" blockId="7.[264,1323,284,531]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
“ 
<taxonomicName id="4C434D5D143FFF8F5D4FFE50FDB5189C" authority="Wolf" authorityName="Wolf" box="[276,591,476,499]" class="Adenophorea" family="Monhysteridae" genus="Branchinema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monhysterida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="aculeata">
<emphasis id="B937EACC143FFF8F5D4FFE50FDFD189C" box="[276,519,476,499]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Branchinema aculeata</emphasis>
” Wolf
</taxonomicName>
(undescribed 
<typeStatus id="54F8887C143FFF8F5EB3FE50FCDA189C" box="[744,800,476,499]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">types</typeStatus>
deposited at Zoological Museum of Berlin (fide 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD24B2F143FFF8F5D63FE70FDF61B7C" author="Forro" box="[312,524,508,531]" pageId="7" pageNumber="12" refString="Forro, L. &amp; Brtek, J. (1984) Anostraca and Conchostraca taxa described by E. Daday together with a catalogue of pertinent material in the Hungarian Natural History Museum. Miscellanea Zoologica Hungarica, 2, 75 - 104." type="journal article" year="1984">Forró &amp; Brtek 1984</bibRefCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF3C6656143FFF8F5D53FA6CFC8A1FED" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/156891/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" targetBox="[264,1322,588,1490]" targetPageId="7">
<paragraph id="8BFC36DE143FFF8F5D53FA6CFC8A1FED" blockId="7.[264,1324,1504,1666]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis id="B937EACC143FFF8F5D53FA6CFE711C97" bold="true" box="[264,395,1504,1528]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C434D5D143FFF8F5DC8FA6CFD7B1C98" box="[403,641,1504,1527]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Thamnocephalidae" genus="Phallocryptus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anostraca" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spinosa">
<emphasis id="B937EACC143FFF8F5DC8FA6CFD7B1C98" box="[403,641,1504,1527]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Phallocryptus spinosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: A) male left side of head, anterior view, B) female left side of head, anterior view, C) female left side of head, lateral view; D) male left side of head, lateral view; E) outline of male fifth thoracopod, right side, anterior view; F) female brood pouch, left side, lateral view; G) male first three thoracic segments, right side, ventral­lateral view; H) male retracted genitalia, chitinized basal portions, left side, ventral view.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C3596555143FFF805D53F952FBC41B19" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BFC36DE143FFF805D53F952FBC41B19" blockId="7.[264,1323,1757,1903]" lastBlockId="8.[264,1324,284,1870]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis id="B937EACC143FFF8F5D53F952FE851F98" box="[264,383,1758,1783]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Diagnosis</emphasis>
: 
<emphasis id="B937EACC143FFF8F5DCAF952FE371F98" box="[401,461,1758,1783]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Male</emphasis>
: Cephalic appendage short, less than one third the length of the second antennal basal segment, situated anteromedially between bases of second antennae. Cephalic projection projecting ventrally, apex bifurcated into two short, truncate branches. First antennae three times as long as eye plus stalk. Second antennal proximal segment subequal in length to first antennae, subcylindrical, medial surface smooth. Second antennal distal segment twice the length of the proximal segment, arcuate, curving posteriorly, and tapering to an acute apex. Praeepipodite entire. Ventral surface of first genital segment smooth. Second genital segment with a distolateral, sub­conical, tubercle directed posteriorly. First abdominal segment (first post­genital segment) with a pair of large, medial­ventral, ventrally directed, acute, spines and a single ventrolateral, posterioventrally directed spines on the distal margin of the segment. Each abdominal segment with a large ventrolateral spine, directed ventro­laterally, distally. Abdominal segments I, II and sometimes III with distal margin bearing a small pair of ventrally directed spines.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35965551430FF805D63FD08FE641AE1" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BFC36DE1430FF805D63FD08FC441A79" blockId="8.[264,1324,284,1870]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis id="B937EACC1430FF805D63FD08FE6A1BF2" box="[312,400,644,669]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Female</emphasis>
. First antennae as long as eye plus stalk. Second antennae joined basal­medially, produced medially. Brood pouch sub­cylindrical, tapering posteriorly to apex. Apex projecting half way along second abdominal segment. Gonopore produced ventro­distally, with dorsal “lip” longer than ventral lip. Abdomen smooth.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFC36DE1430FF805D63FCA8FE641AE1" blockId="8.[264,1324,284,1870]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis id="B937EACC1430FF805D63FCA8FE3E1A52" box="[312,452,804,829]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Resting cyst</emphasis>
: Sub­spherical with shallow angular depressions separated by thin ridges. Each depression “pinched” in middle by ridges. Micrograph of cyst in 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD24B2F1430FF805815FCC0FE601AE1" author="Brendonck" pageId="8" pageNumber="12" refString="Brendonck, L. &amp; Riddoch, B. (1997) Anostracan (Branchiopoda) of Botswana: morphology, distribution, diversity, and endemicity. Journal of Crustacean Biology, 17, 111 - 134." type="journal article" year="1997">Brendonck &amp; Riddoch (1997)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35965551430FF805D63FC10FD221AB1" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BFC36DE1430FF805D63FC10FC741AD9" blockId="8.[264,1324,284,1870]" box="[312,910,924,950]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis id="B937EACC1430FF805D63FC10FE2E1ADA" box="[312,468,924,949]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<typeStatus id="54F8887C1430FF805D63FC10FE941ADA" box="[312,366,924,949]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Type</typeStatus>
Locality
</emphasis>
. 
<collectingCountry id="F354764E1430FF805DB8FC10FDBF1AD9" box="[483,581,924,950]" name="Ukraine" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Ukraine</collectingCountry>
, Odessa, Hadjibe Salt Lake.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFC36DE1430FF805D63FC48FD221AB1" blockId="8.[264,1324,284,1870]" box="[312,728,964,990]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis id="B937EACC1430FF805D63FC48FE961AB2" box="[312,364,964,989]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<typeStatus id="54F8887C1430FF805D63FC48FE961AB2" box="[312,364,964,989]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Type</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
. The 
<typeStatus id="54F8887C1430FF805DE9FC48FE0A1AB1" box="[434,496,964,990]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">types</typeStatus>
are apparently lost.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35965551430FF805D63FC60FE1D1CD1" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BFC36DE1430FF805D63FC60FE451D99" blockId="8.[264,1324,284,1870]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis id="B937EACC1430FF805D63FC60FE3D1D6A" box="[312,455,1004,1029]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Distribution</emphasis>
. 
<collectingCountry id="F354764E1430FF805D8EFC60FDCC1D69" box="[469,566,1004,1030]" name="Ukraine" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Ukraine</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F354764E1430FF805E1AFC60FD2E1D69" box="[577,724,1004,1030]" name="Afghanistan" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Afghanistan</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F354764E1430FF805E84FC60FC921D69" box="[735,872,1004,1030]" name="Kazakhstan" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Kazakhstan</collectingCountry>
(Daday, 1910a; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD24B2F1430FF80587CFC60FB3A1D69" author="Linder" box="[1063,1216,1004,1030]" pageId="8" pageNumber="13" refString="Linder, F. (1941) Contributions to the morphology and the taxonomy of the Branchiopoda Anostraca. Zoologiska Bidrag fran Uppsala, 10, 101 - 302." type="journal article" year="1941">Linder, 1941</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD24B2F1430FF805890FC60FEBC1D41" author="Vekhov" pageId="8" pageNumber="14" refString="Vekhov, N. V. (1993) The fauna and zoogeography of fairy shrimps and tadpole shrimps of Russia and adjacent lands (Crustacea, Anostraca, Notostraca). Arthropoda Selecta, 2, 11 - 42." type="journal article" year="1993">Vekhov, 1993</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD24B2F1430FF805D08FB98FDAE1D41" author="Brtek" box="[339,596,1044,1070]" pageId="8" pageNumber="12" refString="Brtek, J. &amp; Thiery, A. (1995) The geographical distribution of the European Branchiopods (Anostraca, Notostraca, Spinicaudata, Laevicaudata). Hydrobiologia, 298, 263 - 280." type="journal article" year="1995">Brtek &amp; Thiéry, 1995</bibRefCitation>
), 
<collectingCountry id="F354764E1430FF805E31FB98FD631D41" box="[618,665,1044,1070]" name="Iran" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Iran</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFD24B2F1430FF805EF2FB98FC4D1D41" author="Mura" box="[681,951,1044,1070]" pageId="8" pageNumber="13" refString="Mura, G. &amp; Takami, G. A. (2000) A contribution to the knowledge of the anostracan fauna of Iran. Hydrobiologia, 441, 117 - 121." type="journal article" year="2000">Mura &amp; Takami, 2000</bibRefCitation>
), south to 
<collectingCountry id="F354764E1430FF80586AFB98FB831D41" box="[1073,1145,1044,1070]" name="Oman" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Oman</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFD24B2F1430FF8058D2FB98FAD81D41" author="Thiery" box="[1161,1314,1044,1070]" pageId="8" pageNumber="14" refString="Thiery A. (1996) Large Branchiopods (Crustacea: Anostraca, Notostraca, Spinicaudata, Laevicaudata) from temporary inland waters of the Arabian Peninsula. Fauna of Saudi Arabia, 15, 37 - 98." type="journal article" year="1996">Thiéry, 1996</bibRefCitation>
) west to the Iberian Peninsula (
<bibRefCitation id="EFD24B2F1430FF805EDDFBB0FCD41D39" author="Alonso" box="[646,814,1084,1110]" pageId="8" pageNumber="12" refString="Alonso, M. (1985) A survey of the Spanish Euphyllopoda. Miscellania Zoologica, 9, 179 - 208." type="journal article" year="1985">Alonso, 1985</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD24B2F1430FF805F64FBB0FC871D39" author="Alonso" box="[831,893,1084,1110]" pageId="8" pageNumber="12" refString="Alonso, M. (1996) Fauna Iberica, Vol. 7, Crustacea Branchiopoda. Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Madrid, Spain." type="journal volume" year="1996">1996</bibRefCitation>
), through the Mediterranean Basin (
<bibRefCitation id="EFD24B2F1430FF805D4BFBE8FDED1D11" author="Brtek" box="[272,535,1124,1150]" pageId="8" pageNumber="12" refString="Brtek, J. &amp; Thiery, A. (1995) The geographical distribution of the European Branchiopods (Anostraca, Notostraca, Spinicaudata, Laevicaudata). Hydrobiologia, 298, 263 - 280." type="journal article" year="1995">Brtek &amp; Thiéry, 1995</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD24B2F1430FF805E7EFBE8FD3A1D11" author="Thiery" box="[549,704,1124,1150]" pageId="8" pageNumber="14" refString="Thiery, A. (1987) Les crustaces Branchiopodes Anostraca, Notostraca et Conchostraca des milieux limniques temporaries (Dayas) au Maroc. Taxonomie, Biogeographie, Ecologie. These Doctorate es Sciences. Universite Aix Marsaille III." type="book" year="1987">Thiéry, 1987</bibRefCitation>
; Mura &amp; Hadjistephanou, 1987; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD24B2F1430FF805810FBE8FB201D11" author="Mura" box="[1099,1242,1124,1150]" pageId="8" pageNumber="13" refString="Mura, G. (1985) Preliminary report on the sympatric occurrence of two species of fairy shrimps (Crustacea, Anostraca) in some temporary ponds from Italy. Rivista Idrobioliologia, 24, 1 - 24." type="journal article" year="1985">Mura, 1985</bibRefCitation>
; 1987; 1999; 2001; Mura et al., 1999; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD24B2F1430FF805ED0FB00FC731DC9" author="Thiery" box="[651,905,1164,1190]" pageId="8" pageNumber="14" refString="Thiery, A. &amp; Puff, J. M. (1998) First find of Branchinella spinosa (H. Milne Edwards, 1840) in a southern French man-made saltwork. Crustaceana, 71, 223 - 227." type="journal article" year="1998">Thiéry &amp; Puff, 1998</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD24B2F1430FF805FC2FB00FB2F1DC9" author="Abatzopoulos" box="[921,1237,1164,1190]" pageId="8" pageNumber="12" refString="Abatzopoulos, T. J., Brendonck, L. &amp; P. Sorgeloos. (1999) First record of Branchinella spinosa (Milne-Edwards) (Crustacea: Branchiopoda: Anostraca) from Greece. International Journal of Salt Lake Research, 8, 351 - 360." type="journal article" year="1999">Abatzopoulos et al., 1999</bibRefCitation>
), north Africa (
<bibRefCitation id="EFD24B2F1430FF805D3AFB38FE061DA1" author="Thiery" box="[353,508,1204,1230]" pageId="8" pageNumber="14" refString="Thiery, A. (1987) Les crustaces Branchiopodes Anostraca, Notostraca et Conchostraca des milieux limniques temporaries (Dayas) au Maroc. Taxonomie, Biogeographie, Ecologie. These Doctorate es Sciences. Universite Aix Marsaille III." type="book" year="1987">Thiéry, 1987</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD24B2F1430FF805E5CFB38FD581DA1" author="Hamer" box="[519,674,1204,1230]" pageId="8" pageNumber="13" refString="Hamer, M. L. (1994) The Anostraca (Crustacea: Branchiopoda) of Southern Africa. Ph. D. Thesis, Department of Zoology &amp; Entomology, University of Natal, Pietermaritzburg, Republic of South Africa." type="book" year="1994">Hamer, 1994</bibRefCitation>
), south to 
<collectingCountry id="F354764E1430FF805F41FB38FC741DA1" box="[794,910,1204,1230]" name="Botswana" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Botswana</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFD24B2F1430FF805FC7FB38FBC21DA1" author="Hamer" box="[924,1080,1204,1230]" pageId="8" pageNumber="13" refString="Hamer, M. L. (1994) The Anostraca (Crustacea: Branchiopoda) of Southern Africa. Ph. D. Thesis, Department of Zoology &amp; Entomology, University of Natal, Pietermaritzburg, Republic of South Africa." type="book" year="1994">Hamer, 1994</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD24B2F1430FF805818FB38FB7B1DA1" author="Hamer" box="[1091,1153,1204,1230]" pageId="8" pageNumber="13" refString="Hamer, M. L. (1999) Anostraca In: Day, J. A., Stewart, B. A., De Moor, I. J. &amp; Louw, A. E. (Eds) Guides to the Freshwater Invertebrates of Southern Africa, Crustacea I: Notostraca, Anostraca, Conchostraca and Cladocera. Water Research Commission, WRC Report No. TT 121 / 00, South Africa, 126 pp." type="book" year="1999">1999</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD24B2F1430FF8058D6FB38FE491D99" author="Brendonck" pageId="8" pageNumber="12" refString="Brendonck, L. &amp; Riddoch, B. (1997) Anostracan (Branchiopoda) of Botswana: morphology, distribution, diversity, and endemicity. Journal of Crustacean Biology, 17, 111 - 134." type="journal article" year="1997">Brendonck &amp; Riddoch,1997</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFC36DE1430FF805D63FA88FE1D1CD1" blockId="8.[264,1324,284,1870]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis id="B937EACC1430FF805D63FA88FE6B1C72" box="[312,401,1284,1309]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Habitat</emphasis>
. Permanent saline lakes and temporary saline pools (Mura &amp; Hadjistephanou, 1987; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD24B2F1430FF805D09FAA0FE141C29" author="Hamer" box="[338,494,1324,1350]" pageId="8" pageNumber="13" refString="Hamer, M. L. (1994) The Anostraca (Crustacea: Branchiopoda) of Southern Africa. Ph. D. Thesis, Department of Zoology &amp; Entomology, University of Natal, Pietermaritzburg, Republic of South Africa." type="book" year="1994">Hamer, 1994</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD24B2F1430FF805DA0FAA0FCAE1C29" author="Brendonck" box="[507,852,1324,1350]" pageId="8" pageNumber="12" refString="Brendonck, L. &amp; Riddoch, B. (1997) Anostracan (Branchiopoda) of Botswana: morphology, distribution, diversity, and endemicity. Journal of Crustacean Biology, 17, 111 - 134." type="journal article" year="1997">Brendonck &amp; Riddoch, 1997</bibRefCitation>
). 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD24B2F1430FF805F33FAA0FB5F1C29" author="Vekhov" box="[872,1189,1324,1350]" pageId="8" pageNumber="14" refString="Vekhov, N. V., &amp; Vekhova, T. P. (1990) Fauna golych zhabronogov (Anostraca) i shchitney (Notostraca) Yevropeyskoy chasti SSSR, Kavkaza i Zakavkaz'ya: sostav, osobennosti formirovaniya i regional'nyye razlichiya. Gidrobiologicheskiy Zhurnal, 26 (1), 1 - 35." type="journal article" year="1990">Vekhov &amp; Vekhova (1990)</bibRefCitation>
reported 
<taxonomicName id="4C434D5D1430FF80594EFAA0FE981C02" class="Branchiopoda" family="Thamnocephalidae" genus="Phallocryptus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anostraca" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spinosa">
<emphasis id="B937EACC1430FF80594EFAA0FE981C02" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">P. spinosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in waters with 5­35% salinity. 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD24B2F1430FF805EBCFAD8FC611C01" author="Vekhov" box="[743,923,1364,1390]" pageId="8" pageNumber="14" refString="Vekhov, N. V. (1993) The fauna and zoogeography of fairy shrimps and tadpole shrimps of Russia and adjacent lands (Crustacea, Anostraca, Notostraca). Arthropoda Selecta, 2, 11 - 42." type="journal article" year="1993">Vekhov (1993)</bibRefCitation>
reports that Russian populations occur in habitats on ‘marigenous sand­clay saline soils’ that were formed by the retreat of ancient warm seas.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35965551430FF805D63FA40FD811F61" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BFC36DE1430FF805D63FA40FD811F61" blockId="8.[264,1324,284,1870]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis id="B937EACC1430FF805D63FA40FE151C8A" box="[312,495,1484,1509]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Activity Period</emphasis>
. February through April north of the equator, September through November south of the equator.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35965551430FF805D63F990FB481E21" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BFC36DE1430FF805D63F990FE201FB9" blockId="8.[264,1324,284,1870]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis id="B937EACC1430FF805D63F990FE4E1F5A" box="[312,436,1564,1589]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Comments</emphasis>
. Co­occurs with 
<taxonomicName id="4C434D5D1430FF805E24F990FD241F5A" box="[639,734,1564,1589]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Artemiidae" genus="Artemia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anostraca" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B937EACC1430FF805E24F990FD241F5A" box="[639,734,1564,1589]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Artemia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. (
<bibRefCitation id="EFD24B2F1430FF805F4CF990FC361F59" author="Gauthier" box="[791,972,1564,1590]" pageId="8" pageNumber="12" refString="Gauthier H., (1933) Nouvelle recherches sur la faune des eaux continentales de l'Algerie et de la Tunisie. Bulletin de la Societe d'Historie Naturelle de l'Afrique du Nord, 24, 63 - 68." type="journal article" year="1933">Gauthier, 1933</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD24B2F1430FF805F83F990FB6A1F59" author="Margalef" box="[984,1168,1564,1590]" pageId="8" pageNumber="13" refString="Margalef, R. (1947) Estudios sobre la vida en las aquas continentales de la region endorreica manchega. Publicaciones del Instituto de Biologia Aplicada Barcelona, 4, 5 - 52." type="journal article" year="1947">Margalef, 1947</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD24B2F1430FF8058C6F990FE6C1F31" author="Cottarelli" pageId="8" pageNumber="12" refString="Cottarelli V. &amp; Mura, G. (1974) Su alcuni Anostraci della Turchia asiatica (Crustacea, Phyllopoda). Fragmenta Entomologica, 10, 49 - 51." type="journal article" year="1974">Cottarelli &amp; Mura, 1974</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD24B2F1430FF805DF8F9C8FDC81F31" author="Saadi" box="[419,562,1604,1630]" pageId="8" pageNumber="13" refString="Saadi, A. (1983) Etude ecologique de la zoocenose aquatique des marais salants de Zima: plancton, invertebres, oiseaux. Memoirs de Faculte des Sciences de Marrakech, 1983, 1 - 40." type="journal article" year="1983">Saadi, 1983</bibRefCitation>
; Mura &amp; Hadjistephanou, 1987; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD24B2F1430FF805FE1F9C8FBB21F31" author="Mura" box="[954,1096,1604,1630]" pageId="8" pageNumber="13" refString="Mura, G. (1985) Preliminary report on the sympatric occurrence of two species of fairy shrimps (Crustacea, Anostraca) in some temporary ponds from Italy. Rivista Idrobioliologia, 24, 1 - 24." type="journal article" year="1985">Mura, 1985</bibRefCitation>
; 1987; 1999; Mura et al., 1999; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD24B2F1430FF805DC1F9E0FD771FE9" author="Thiery" box="[410,653,1644,1670]" pageId="8" pageNumber="14" refString="Thiery, A. &amp; Puff, J. M. (1998) First find of Branchinella spinosa (H. Milne Edwards, 1840) in a southern French man-made saltwork. Crustaceana, 71, 223 - 227." type="journal article" year="1998">Thièry &amp; Puff, 1998</bibRefCitation>
), 
<taxonomicName id="4C434D5D1430FF805EFAF9E0FCA61FEA" box="[673,860,1644,1669]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Streptocephalidae" genus="Streptocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anostraca" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B937EACC1430FF805EFAF9E0FCA61FEA" box="[673,860,1644,1669]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Streptocephalus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. (
<bibRefCitation id="EFD24B2F1430FF805FC8F9E0FB111FE9" author="Brendonck" box="[915,1259,1644,1670]" pageId="8" pageNumber="12" refString="Brendonck, L. &amp; Riddoch, B. (1997) Anostracan (Branchiopoda) of Botswana: morphology, distribution, diversity, and endemicity. Journal of Crustacean Biology, 17, 111 - 134." type="journal article" year="1997">Brendonck &amp; Riddoch, 1997</bibRefCitation>
), and material at the USNM is mixed with 
<taxonomicName id="4C434D5D1430FF805EAAF918FAD61FC1" authority="Schmankewitsch, 1873" authorityName="Schmankewitsch" authorityYear="1873" box="[753,1324,1684,1710]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Chirocephalidae" genus="Branchinectella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anostraca" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="media">
<emphasis id="B937EACC1430FF805EAAF918FBFE1FC2" box="[753,1028,1684,1709]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Branchinectella media</emphasis>
Schmankewitsch, 1873
</taxonomicName>
(USNM­ 
<date id="FFFD101E1430FF805D28F930FE341FB9" box="[371,462,1724,1750]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="20-10-23">102320</date>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFC36DE1430FF805D63F968FC181F91" blockId="8.[264,1324,284,1870]" box="[312,994,1764,1790]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
The molar surface described by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD24B2F1430FF805EEAF968FC241F91" box="[689,990,1764,1790]" pageId="8" pageNumber="13" refString="Mura, G. &amp; Del Cado, L. (1992) A scanning electron microscope study of the molar surface of the mandibles in Branchinella spinosa H. Milne-Edwards (Branchiopoda) with some remarks on the taxonomic significance of this character. Crustaceana, 64, 326 - 336." type="journal article">
Mura &amp; Del 
<collectingCountry id="F354764E1430FF805F1CF968FC7F1F91" box="[839,901,1764,1790]" name="Chad" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Cado</collectingCountry>
(1992)
</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFC36DE1430FF805D63F880FB481E21" blockId="8.[264,1324,284,1870]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis id="B937EACC1430FF805D63F880FDD81E4A" box="[312,546,1804,1829]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Conservation status</emphasis>
. This species is sufficiently widespread, with no known immediate threats and is designated here as a species of “Least concern” (IUCN, 2000).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35965551431FF815D63FE90FD4918E9" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BFC36DE1431FF815D63FE90FD4918E9" blockId="9.[264,1323,284,390]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="B937EACC1431FF815D63FE90FDE3185A" box="[312,537,284,309]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Material examined</emphasis>
: 
<collectingCountry id="F354764E1431FF815E76FE90FD491859" box="[557,691,284,310]" name="Algeria" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">ALGERIA</collectingCountry>
: Djelfa: Boughzoul, 20?20?, 
<date id="FFFD101E1431FF81587FFE90FAF81859" box="[1060,1282,284,310]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="1991-11-02">2 November 1991</date>
, L. Beladjal, DCR­298. 
<collectingCountry id="F354764E1431FF815E5EFEC8FD571831" box="[517,685,324,350]" name="Botswana" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">BOTSWANA</collectingCountry>
: 
<collectingCountry id="F354764E1431FF815EE6FEC8FC921831" box="[701,872,324,350]" name="Botswana" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Bechuanaland</collectingCountry>
: Makarikari Salt Pan, 3?5?, 
<date id="FFFD101E1431FF815881FEC8FEBF18E9" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="1957-05-01">1 May 1957</date>
, D. H. Eccles, USNM­ 
<date id="FFFD101E1431FF815E0DFEE0FD5518E9" box="[598,687,364,390]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="20-10-23">102320</date>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>