treatments-xml/data/03/EA/87/03EA87B1FF9482077E64FCE1FB11FEC9.xml
2024-06-21 12:22:17 +02:00

192 lines
24 KiB
XML
Raw Blame History

This file contains ambiguous Unicode characters

This file contains Unicode characters that might be confused with other characters. If you think that this is intentional, you can safely ignore this warning. Use the Escape button to reveal them.

<document id="7AF0AB62EACA2AA44C5203F402E657D7" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.155309" ID-GBIF-Dataset="b195c5ca-7f2b-4f1b-a9a9-c1095c95d012" ID-ISSN="0035-418" ID-Zenodo-Dep="155309" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1477237842213" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Bernard Landry" docDate="2016" docId="03EA87B1FF9482077E64FCE1FB11FEC9" docLanguage="en" docName="13_Landry.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Revue suisse de Zoologie 123 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:225056F0A23C51DDC06AC27EAEA15D5B.2:RevSuisseZool.2015-2019.journal_article" docStyleId="225056F0A23C51DDC06AC27EAEA15D5B" docStyleName="RevSuisseZool.2015-2019.journal_article" docStyleVersion="2" docTitle="Maruca vitrata Fabricius 1787" docType="treatment" docVersion="17" lastPageNumber="355" masterDocId="FFD3FFC9FFBC822F7F6BFFD9FF94FF92" masterDocTitle="Taxonomic revision of the Spilomelinae (Lepidoptera, Pyralidae s. l.) of the Galápagos Islands, Ecuador" masterLastPageNumber="399" masterPageNumber="315" pageNumber="355" updateTime="1698390478594" updateUser="plazi">
<mods:mods id="F53722376B97168C433638F2293F366F" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="9884CF62EDC725421E9A80CE3D74FF1A">
<mods:title id="8AE415A16A68734E3FD1FB83FE2E6A57">Taxonomic revision of the Spilomelinae (Lepidoptera, Pyralidae s. l.) of the Galápagos Islands, Ecuador</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="18370E8BE2EA794507A9415674BD40A4" type="personal">
<mods:role id="648068F32EE4BC68B1BB33DCB21553CD">
<mods:roleTerm id="F488D5A5AA4390747C88EB40943BDE21">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="CBFE8A3976A686B05728D07B698761C0">Bernard Landry</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="CDA3E5DED20FE46BCEB17DA9CA5D8452">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="5F2310647C09C17E5EAF4DBDAD57CDDA" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="0FAE7FE941F13D7F99449D2B8CF7A379">
<mods:title id="2579ADD7921A90BCD4CB9D67715F5147">Revue suisse de Zoologie</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="83A8E83464D89C332E19452DD3A378AB">
<mods:date id="4F5B186EE1C2020DB7B558059BB9C2CC">2016</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="17DB8D0EE6A8BE5F9F9FB77FED1448FF" type="volume">
<mods:number id="0B125016FD1DAE2BEE8A31001171BF55">123</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="ECE557E45A8670F5448FC33594630FA9" type="issue">
<mods:number id="1D06ECE23E0B9758A0CDE67A8DA7BDD7">2</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent id="F456F26E5EE71F6CD276BBC82B491FF2" unit="page">
<mods:start id="28045D9F24F0D5FCAB3A25F8C8262FA4">315</mods:start>
<mods:end id="ADDD08F3144951CB6C14B97B3E537C19">399</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:classification id="D29A3FF92CAAE4692EEA1EC2B0718E15">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="D00DD287FBA20A604087FC03B804E214" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.155309</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="36813B17C8BE9AB977D2BB12C24076A3" type="GBIF-Dataset">b195c5ca-7f2b-4f1b-a9a9-c1095c95d012</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="E9B2684B918934119858887567F3CF3B" type="ISSN">0035-418</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="472305C282B62BD8B78DB8FDB8763660" type="Zenodo-Dep">155309</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="48C4B4B73B0892596D4C5B73C2D4FBCC" type="ZooBank">9ED8B8D5-ADA1-4B53-A1D3-0F75F889A179</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="03EA87B1FF9482077E64FCE1FB11FEC9" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5823198" ID-GBIF-Taxon="124557777" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5823198" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03EA87B1FF9482077E64FCE1FB11FEC9" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EA87B1FF9482077E64FCE1FB11FEC9" lastPageNumber="355" pageId="40" pageNumber="355">
<subSubSection id="C359652CFF9482077E64FCE1FDEFFCDC" box="[271,635,823,847]" pageId="40" pageNumber="355" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BFC36A7FF9482077E64FCE1FDEFFCDC" blockId="40.[271,635,823,880]" box="[271,635,823,847]" pageId="40" pageNumber="355">
<heading id="D0B481CBFF9482077E64FCE1FDEFFCDC" bold="true" box="[271,635,823,847]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="3" pageId="40" pageNumber="355" reason="4">
<taxonomicName id="4C434D24FF9482077E64FCE1FDEFFCDC" authority="Fabricius, 1787" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1787" box="[271,635,823,847]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Maruca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="355" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vitrata" subFamily="Spilomelinae">
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FF9482077E64FCE1FDEFFCDC" bold="true" box="[271,635,823,847]" pageId="40" pageNumber="355">
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FF9482077E64FCE1FE20FCDC" bold="true" box="[271,436,823,847]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="355">Maruca vitrata</emphasis>
(Fabricius, 1787)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C359652CFF9482077E02FC8EFDB6FCFC" box="[361,546,855,880]" pageId="40" pageNumber="355" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BFC36A7FF9482077E02FC8EFDB6FCFC" blockId="40.[271,635,823,880]" box="[361,546,855,880]" pageId="40" pageNumber="355">
<figureCitation id="13782A22FF9482077E02FC8EFE2FFCFC" box="[361,443,855,878]" captionStart="Figs 33 - 40" captionStartId="15.[151,192,1881,1902]" captionTargetBox="[208,1380,257,1817]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[208,1380,257,1820]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Figs 33 - 40. Neotropical specimens of Spilomelinae, size not to scale. (33, 34) Marasmia trapezalis. (33) ♂, Galápagos, Isabela, Sierra Negra, 11 km N Puerto Villamil, 9. iv. 2004, MHNG. (34) ♀, Galápagos, Santiago, Central, 700 m, 9. iv. 1992, MHNG. (35) Maruca vitrata ♀, Ecuador, Pichincha, Septimo Paraiso Reserve, ± 1300 m, 10. v. 2002, MHNG. (36) Microthyris anormalis ♀, Galápagos, Isabela, V. Darwin, 300 m, 15. v. 1992, MHNG. (37) Neoleucinodes elegantalis ♂, Guyane française, Rte de Kaw @ pk 37, 271 m, 6. iv. 2008, MHNG. (38, 39) Neoleucinodes galapagensis. (38) ♂ holotype, MHNG. (39) ♀ paratype, Isabela, NE slope Alcedo, ca. 400 m up Los Guayabillos camp, 892 m, 1. iv. 2004, MHNG. (40) Palpita flegia ♂, Galápagos, Santa Cruz, ix-xi. 1970, BMNH ©, the Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/162857/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="355">Figs 35</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13782A22FF9482077EADFC81FE7BFCE2" box="[454,495,856,880]" captionStart="Figs 113 - 115" captionStartId="43.[151,192,1720,1741]" captionTargetBox="[153,1435,264,1660]" captionTargetId="figure@43.[151,1437,259,1666]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="Figs 113 - 115. Male genitalia of Neotropical Spilomelinae, a and b from same slides, but not to scale, (a) showing the genitalia without phallus and (b), the phallus. (113) Maruca vitrata: slide MHNG-ENTO- 8995, French Guiana. (114) Microthyris anormalis: slide MHNG-ENTO- 9006, Galápagos, Isabela. (115) Neoleucinodes elegantalis: slide MHNG-ENTO- 8693, French Guiana." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/162871/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="355">113</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13782A22FF9482077E91FC8EFDB6FCFC" box="[506,546,855,878]" captionStart="Figs 158 - 162" captionStartId="69.[151,192,1968,1989]" captionTargetBox="[183,1415,261,1904]" captionTargetId="figure@69.[155,1435,254,1927]" captionTargetPageId="69" captionText="Figs 158 - 162. Female genitalia of Neotropical Spilomelinae, not to scale. (158) Marasmia trapezalis: slide MHNG-ENTO- 9026, Galápagos, Santa Cruz (MHNG). (159) Maruca vitrata: slide MHNG-ENTO- 8996, French Guiana. (160) Microthyris anormalis: slide MHNG-ENTO- 9027, Galápagos, Isabela (MHNG). (161) Neoleucinodes elegantalis: slide MHNG- ENTO- 8694, Venezuela. (162) N. galapagensis paratype: slide MHNG-ENTO- 8692." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/162884/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="355">159</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C359652CFF9482077FFCFC5CFD47FC2A" pageId="40" pageNumber="355" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BFC36A7FF9482077FFCFC5CFD98FC08" blockId="40.[151,723,901,953]" box="[151,524,901,924]" pageId="40" pageNumber="355">
<taxonomicName id="4C434D24FF9482077FFCFC5CFD9CFC08" authority="Fabricius, 1787: 215" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityPageNumber="215" authorityYear="1787" box="[151,520,901,924]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Phalaena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="355" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vitrata">
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FF9482077FFCFC5CFEADFC0E" box="[151,313,901,924]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="355">Phalaena vitrata</emphasis>
Fabricius, 1787: 215
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFC36A7FF9482077FFCFC7DFD47FC2A" blockId="40.[151,723,901,953]" box="[151,723,931,953]" pageId="40" pageNumber="355">
<taxonomicName id="4C434D24FF9482077FFCFC7DFE09FC2A" authority="Fabricius" authorityName="Fabricius" box="[151,413,931,953]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Maruca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="355" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vitrata" subFamily="Spilomelinae">
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FF9482077FFCFC7DFEBDFC2B" box="[151,297,932,953]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="355">Maruca vitrata</emphasis>
(Fabricius)
</taxonomicName>
:
<bibRefCitation id="EFD24B56FF9482077ECEFC7AFD5BFC2A" author="Roque-Albelo L. &amp; Landry B." box="[421,719,931,952]" editor="Bungartz F." journalOrPublisher="Charles Darwin Foundation / Fundacion Charles Darwin, Puerto Ayora, Galapagos" pageId="40" pageNumber="355" pagination="2015" part="30" publicationUrl="http://www.darwinfoundation" refString="Roque-Albelo L., Landry B. 2015. Lepidoptera. In: Bungartz F., Herrera H., Jaramillo P., Tirado N., Jimenez-Uzcategui G., Ruiz D., Guezou A., Ziemmeck F. (eds.). Charles Darwin Foundation Galapagos Species Checklist - Lista de Especies de Galapagos de la Fundacion Charles Darwin. Charles Darwin Foundation / Fundacion Charles Darwin, Puerto Ayora, Galapagos: http: // www. darwinfoundation. org / datazone / checklists / terrestrial-invertebrates / Last updated 30 November 2015." title="Lepidoptera" type="journal article" volumeTitle="Charles Darwin Foundation Galapagos Species Checklist - Lista de Especies de Galapagos de la Fundacion Charles Darwin" year="2015">Roque-Albelo &amp; Landry, 2015</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C359652CFF9482077FFCFC07FEE6FBAA" pageId="40" pageNumber="355" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BFC36A7FF9482077FFCFC07FEE6FBAA" blockId="40.[151,756,990,1080]" pageId="40" pageNumber="355">
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FF9482077FFCFC07FEE9FC67" bold="true" box="[151,381,990,1013]" pageId="40" pageNumber="355">Material examined:</emphasis>
1 of undetermined sex from the
<collectingRegion id="4987F845FF9482077FFCFC26FEF0FB84" box="[151,356,1023,1046]" country="Ecuador" name="Galapagos" pageId="40" pageNumber="355">Galápagos Islands</collectingRegion>
:
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FF9482077EE7FC26FE4FFB84" box="[396,475,1023,1046]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="355">
<collectingRegion id="4987F845FF9482077EE7FC26FE4FFB84" box="[396,475,1023,1046]" country="Puerto Rico" name="Isabela" pageId="40" pageNumber="355">Isabela</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
: Volcán Darwin,
<specimenCount id="9D45FD2EFF9482077DCEFC26FD60FB85" box="[677,756,1023,1047]" pageId="40" pageNumber="355" type="generic">
<quantity id="4CBB9B42FF9482077DCEFC26FD65FB85" box="[677,753,1023,1047]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="40" pageNumber="355" unit="m" value="900.0">900 m</quantity>
.
</specimenCount>
Deposited in
<collectionCode id="ED52AE62FF9482077E4EFBF9FEFAFBAA" box="[293,366,1056,1080]" country="Ecuador" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/rhcv-mdhf" name="Invertebrate Collection" pageId="40" pageNumber="355">CDRS</collectionCode>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C359652CFF9482077FFCFB97FD30FABA" pageId="40" pageNumber="355" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BFC36A7FF9482077FFCFB97FD30FABA" blockId="40.[151,757,1102,1321]" pageId="40" pageNumber="355">
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FF9482077FFCFB97FE84FBF7" bold="true" box="[151,272,1102,1125]" pageId="40" pageNumber="355">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
The brown forewing background with a large satiny white patch bordered dark brown postmedially with two additional concolourous white patches anteriorly, along with the mostly white hindwing (
<figureCitation id="13782A22FF9482077E73FB09FEE7FB75" box="[280,371,1232,1255]" captionStart="Figs 33 - 40" captionStartId="15.[151,192,1881,1902]" captionTargetBox="[208,1380,257,1817]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[208,1380,257,1820]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Figs 33 - 40. Neotropical specimens of Spilomelinae, size not to scale. (33, 34) Marasmia trapezalis. (33) ♂, Galápagos, Isabela, Sierra Negra, 11 km N Puerto Villamil, 9. iv. 2004, MHNG. (34) ♀, Galápagos, Santiago, Central, 700 m, 9. iv. 1992, MHNG. (35) Maruca vitrata ♀, Ecuador, Pichincha, Septimo Paraiso Reserve, ± 1300 m, 10. v. 2002, MHNG. (36) Microthyris anormalis ♀, Galápagos, Isabela, V. Darwin, 300 m, 15. v. 1992, MHNG. (37) Neoleucinodes elegantalis ♂, Guyane française, Rte de Kaw @ pk 37, 271 m, 6. iv. 2008, MHNG. (38, 39) Neoleucinodes galapagensis. (38) ♂ holotype, MHNG. (39) ♀ paratype, Isabela, NE slope Alcedo, ca. 400 m up Los Guayabillos camp, 892 m, 1. iv. 2004, MHNG. (40) Palpita flegia ♂, Galápagos, Santa Cruz, ix-xi. 1970, BMNH ©, the Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/162857/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="355">Fig. 35</figureCitation>
) are sufficient to separate this species from all other Spilomelinae of the
<collectingRegion id="4987F845FF9482077D17FB29FD65FA95" box="[636,753,1264,1287]" country="Ecuador" name="Galapagos" pageId="40" pageNumber="355">Galápagos</collectingRegion>
. Wingspan:
<quantity id="4CBB9B42FF9482077E7BFAC8FEEAFABB" box="[272,382,1297,1321]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.2" pageId="40" pageNumber="355" unit="mm" value="26.0" valueMax="30.0" valueMin="22.0">22-30 mm</quantity>
(n=77 MHNG specimens).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C359652CFF9482077FFCFA99FF5BF908" pageId="40" pageNumber="355" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8BFC36A7FF9482077FFCFA99FF5BF908" blockId="40.[151,756,1344,1690]" pageId="40" pageNumber="355">
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FF9482077FFCFA99FF63FAC5" bold="true" box="[151,247,1344,1367]" pageId="40" pageNumber="355">Biology:</emphasis>
The larva is known to feed primarily on a variety of
<taxonomicName id="4C434D24FF9482077E60FAB9FEFAFAE5" box="[267,366,1376,1399]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="40" pageNumber="355" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Fabaceae</taxonomicName>
such as crops like peanut (
<taxonomicName id="4C434D24FF9482077DCAFAB9FF6BFA0A" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Arachis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="40" pageNumber="355" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hypogaea">
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FF9482077DCAFAB9FF6BFA0A" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="355">Arachis hypogaea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
L.), pigeon pea [
<taxonomicName id="4C434D24FF9482077EABFA5BFDC9FA0B" box="[448,605,1410,1433]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Cajanus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="40" pageNumber="355" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cajan">
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FF9482077EABFA5BFDC9FA0B" box="[448,605,1410,1433]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="355">Cajanus cajan</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(L.) Millsp.], hyacinth bean [
<taxonomicName id="4C434D24FF9482077E38FA78FD8AFA2B" box="[339,542,1441,1465]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Lablab" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="40" pageNumber="355" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="purpureus">
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FF9482077E38FA78FD8AFA2B" box="[339,542,1441,1465]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="355">Lablab purpureus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(L.) Sweet], and common bean (
<taxonomicName id="4C434D24FF9482077E2DFA18FD83FA4A" box="[326,535,1473,1496]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Phaseolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Fabales" pageId="40" pageNumber="355" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="vulgaris">
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FF9482077E2DFA18FD83FA4A" box="[326,535,1473,1496]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="355">Phaseolus vulgaris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
L.), but it has also been recorded from other plant families (
<bibRefCitation id="EFD24B56FF9482077DE0FA3BFE8FF989" author="Robinson G. S. &amp; Ackery P. R. &amp; Kitching I. J. &amp; Beccaloni G. W. &amp; Hernandez L. M." journalOrPublisher="a Database of the World's Lepidopteran Hostplants" pageId="40" pageNumber="355" publicationUrl="http://www.nhm.ac.uk/researchcuration/research/projects/hostplants" refString="Robinson G. S., Ackery P. R., Kitching I. J., Beccaloni G. W., Hernandez L. M. 2014. HOSTS - a Database of the World's Lepidopteran Hostplants. http: // www. nhm. ac. uk / researchcuration / research / projects / hostplants /" title="HOSTS" type="book" year="2014">
Robinson
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FF9482077FFCF9DAFF5EF98B" box="[151,202,1538,1562]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="355">et al</emphasis>
., 2014
</bibRefCitation>
). The larva feeds on flowers, flower buds, and young pods. The species is a serious pest of grain legumes around the world (
<bibRefCitation id="EFD24B56FF9482077EBFF99AFDE1F9CE" author="Sharma H. C." box="[468,629,1603,1628]" journalOrPublisher="Crop Protection" pageId="40" pageNumber="355" pagination="373 - 386" part="17" refString="Sharma H. C. 1998. Bionomics, host plant resistance, and management of the legume pod borer, Maruca vitrata - a review. Crop Protection 17: 373 - 386." title="Bionomics, host plant resistance, and management of the legume pod borer, Maruca vitrata - a review" type="journal article" year="1998">Sharma, 1998</bibRefCitation>
). From the
<collectingRegion id="4987F845FF9482077FFCF9BAFE9CF9E8" box="[151,264,1635,1658]" country="Ecuador" name="Galapagos" pageId="40" pageNumber="355">Galápagos</collectingRegion>
the only available specimen was collected at light.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C359652CFF9482077FFCF96AFE42F8FE" pageId="40" pageNumber="355" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BFC36A7FF9482077FFCF96AFE42F8FE" blockId="40.[151,756,1715,1901]" pageId="40" pageNumber="355">
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FF9482077FFCF96AFEB9F958" bold="true" box="[151,301,1715,1738]" pageId="40" pageNumber="355">Distribution:</emphasis>
Based on BMNH specimens as well as
<bibRefCitation id="EFD24B56FF9482077FFCF90DFE5DF978" author="De Prins J. &amp; De Prins W." box="[151,457,1747,1772]" journalOrPublisher="World Wide Web electronic publication (www. afromoths. net) [last accessed" pageId="40" pageNumber="355" pagination="2015" part="30" refString="De Prins J., De Prins W. 2015. Afromoths, online database of Afrotropical moth species (Lepidoptera). World Wide Web electronic publication (www. afromoths. net) [last accessed 30 October 2015]" title="Afromoths, online database of Afrotropical moth species (Lepidoptera)" type="journal article" year="2015">De Prins &amp; De Prins (2015)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFD24B56FF9482077EBFF90DFD16F97E" author="Heppner J. B." bookContentInfo="670 pp." box="[468,642,1748,1772]" journalOrPublisher="Arthropods of Florida and neighbouring land areas 17" pageId="40" pageNumber="355" refString="Heppner J. B. 2003. Lepidoptera of Florida. Part 1. Introduction and catalog. Arthropods of Florida and neighbouring land areas 17: 670 pp." title="Lepidoptera of Florida. Part 1. Introduction and catalog" type="book" year="2003">Heppner (2003)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFD24B56FF9482077DE5F90AFEB1F89E" author="Robinson G. S. &amp; Tuck K. R. &amp; Shaffer M." journalOrPublisher="Malaysian Nature Society, Kuala Lumpur" pageId="40" pageNumber="355" pagination="1 - 309" refString="Robinson G. S., Tuck K. R., Shaffer M. 1994. A field guide to the smaller moths of South-East Asia. Malaysian Nature Society, Kuala Lumpur, 1 - 309." title="A field guide to the smaller moths of South-East Asia" type="book chapter" year="1994">
Robinson
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FF9482077FFCF92CFF5EF899" box="[151,202,1780,1804]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="355">et al</emphasis>
. (1994)
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFD24B56FF9482077E58F92DFD83F899" author="Shaffer M. &amp; Nielsen E. S. &amp; Horak M." box="[307,535,1780,1804]" editor="Nielsen E. S." journalOrPublisher="Checklist of the Lepidoptera of Australia" pageId="40" pageNumber="355" refString="Shaffer M., Nielsen E. S., Horak M. 1996. Pyralidae (pp. 164 - 199). In: Nielsen E. S., Edwards E. D., Rangsi T. V. (eds). Checklist of the Lepidoptera of Australia. In: Nielsen E. S. (ed.), Monographs on Australian Lepidoptera 4. CSIRO Division of Entomology, Canberra." title="Pyralidae (pp. 164 - 199)" type="book" year="1996">
Shaffer
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FF9482077EE7F92CFE2AF899" box="[396,446,1780,1804]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="355">et al</emphasis>
. (1996)
</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="EFD24B56FF9482077D39F92DFD60F89E" author="Slamka F." bookContentInfo="357 pp." box="[594,756,1780,1804]" journalOrPublisher="Bratislava 3" pageId="40" pageNumber="355" refString="Slamka F. 2013. Pyraustinae and Spilomelinae. Pyraloidea of Europe, Bratislava 3: 357 pp." title="Pyraustinae and Spilomelinae. Pyraloidea of Europe" type="book" year="2013">Slamka (2013)</bibRefCitation>
the species is widespread around the world under tropical and subtropical climates. In the
<collectingRegion id="4987F845FF9482077D0CF8EDFD4CF8D9" box="[615,728,1844,1867]" country="Ecuador" name="Galapagos" pageId="40" pageNumber="355">Galápagos</collectingRegion>
it has been collected on
<collectingRegion id="4987F845FF9482077EE8F88CFE46F8FE" box="[387,466,1877,1900]" country="Puerto Rico" name="Isabela" pageId="40" pageNumber="355">Isabela</collectingRegion>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C359652CFF9482077FFCF85CFB11FEC9" pageId="40" pageNumber="355" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BFC36A7FF9482077FFCF85CFB11FEC9" blockId="40.[151,756,1924,2078]" lastBlockId="40.[831,1436,258,347]" pageId="40" pageNumber="355">
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FF9482077FFCF85CFE9EF80F" bold="true" box="[151,266,1925,1949]" pageId="40" pageNumber="355">Remarks:</emphasis>
I was able to identify the
<collectingRegion id="4987F845FF9482077DEAF85DFD60F809" box="[641,756,1924,1947]" country="Ecuador" name="Galapagos" pageId="40" pageNumber="355">Galápagos</collectingRegion>
specimen from a photo received from Lazaro Roque- Albelo, in 2001, by comparing it with identified specimens in the BMNH. The specimen was collected in
<date id="FFFD1067FF9482077FD0F7DFFED3F78C" box="[187,327,2054,2078]" pageId="40" pageNumber="355" value="2000-03">March 2000</date>
by L. Roque-Albelo. The specimen illustrated here was collected in
<collectingCountry id="F3547637FF9482077BAFFEDBFAB4FE8B" box="[1220,1312,258,281]" name="Ecuador" pageId="40" pageNumber="355">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="4987F845FF9482077A59FEDBFC36FEAB" country="Ecuador" name="Pichincha" pageId="40" pageNumber="355">Pichincha Province</collectingRegion>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE775060FF9482077CDDFEFAFBF5FEAB" box="[950,1121,290,315]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="40" pageNumber="355" precision="1" value="-0.020883333">S 00° 01.253</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE775060FF9482077B1FFEFAFABDFEAB" box="[1140,1321,290,315]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="40" pageNumber="355" precision="1" value="-78.776665">W 78° 46.600</geoCoordinate>
, at about
<quantity id="4CBB9B42FF9482077C54FE9AFC04FEC9" box="[831,912,323,347]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="40" pageNumber="355" unit="m" value="1300.0">1300 m</quantity>
in elevation (MHNG).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>