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<document id="364C41D408ED0F822B068478EA907454" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4104.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="9b3e7716-1099-48ca-803b-620c25d788f1" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="265809" ID-ZooBank="D598E724-C9E4-4BBA-B25D-511300A47B1D" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461050759050" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Duellman, William E., Marion, Angela B. &amp; Hedges, Blair" docDate="2016" docId="03EA87A5FF9D121CF3988B55370FF3A6" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4104.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4104 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Hylidae" docType="treatment" docVersion="11" lastPageNumber="54" masterDocId="FFD3FFDDFFA91229F30F8D5E333EF35E" masterDocTitle="Phylogenetics, classification, and biogeography of the treefrogs (Amphibia: Anura: Arboranae)" masterLastPageNumber="109" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="53" updateTime="1698579563523" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="7328F7B02CF17728F7A770EAA4C6494E">Phylogenetics, classification, and biogeography of the treefrogs (Amphibia: Anura: Arboranae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="3D1749EC32F74A0D4B67DA1F782CD4B8">Duellman, William E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="39C78BA6F91DF1C14E8B8E87B241D722">Marion, Angela B.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="0F875383F789AC541E8DE9E83DDEE37F">Hedges, Blair</mods:namePart>
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<paragraph id="8BFC36B3FF9D121DF3988B5532D9F57B" blockId="52.[151,487,1547,1573]" box="[151,487,1547,1573]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
<heading id="D0B481DFFF9D121DF3988B5532D9F57B" bold="true" box="[151,487,1547,1573]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B937EAA1FF9D121DF3988B5532D9F57B" bold="true" box="[151,487,1547,1573]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
<taxonomicName id="4C434D30FF9D121DF3988B5533C3F57B" ID-CoL="B9H" box="[151,253,1547,1573]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Hylidae</taxonomicName>
: Dendropsophinae
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<paragraph id="8BFC36B3FF9D121DF3988B0F308FF5A4" blockId="52.[151,1436,1617,2038]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
Another major branch of neotropical hylids, the dendropsophines, split from the pseudinines in the Eocene, 44.9 (39.150.8) Mya, and began diversifying (crown node) in the early Oligocene, 31.9 (25.338.5) Mya. Initially, this group split into a clade containing two small species in the genus
<taxonomicName id="4C434D30FF9D121DF0908BC73737F5EC" box="[927,1033,1689,1714]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Xenohyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B937EAA1FF9D121DF0908BC73737F5EC" box="[927,1033,1689,1714]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Xenohyla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
confined to coastal
<collectingCountry id="F3547623FF9D121DF7F78BC73602F5EC" box="[1272,1340,1689,1714]" name="Brazil" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Brazil</collectingCountry>
and the speciose genus
<emphasis id="B937EAA1FF9D121DF2418BE3313BF588" box="[334,517,1725,1750]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
<taxonomicName id="4C434D30FF9D121DF2418BE3313FF588" box="[334,513,1725,1750]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Dendropsophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Dendropsophus</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
which occurs throughout tropical South
<collectingCountry id="F3547623FF9D121DF0E68BE33777F588" box="[1001,1097,1725,1750]" name="United States of America" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">America</collectingCountry>
northward to
<collectingCountry id="F3547623FF9D121DF7FB8BE33677F588" box="[1268,1353,1725,1750]" name="Mexico" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Mexico</collectingCountry>
and is unique among hylids in having a chromosome complement of 2
<emphasis id="B937EAA1FF9D121DF06E8BBC3051F5A7" box="[865,879,1762,1785]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">n</emphasis>
= 30.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFC36B3FF9D121DF3C88A5B363CF4A8" blockId="52.[151,1436,1617,2038]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
Several major clades are identifiable within
<taxonomicName id="4C434D30FF9D121DF1C88A5B3049F440" box="[711,887,1797,1822]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Dendropsophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B937EAA1FF9D121DF1C88A5B3049F440" box="[711,887,1797,1822]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Dendropsophus</emphasis>
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; some of these have defined geographic limits, whereas others are widespread geographically. Among the latter are the
<taxonomicName id="4C434D30FF9D121DF0E28A7437A3F41F" box="[1005,1181,1834,1857]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Dendropsophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="marmoratus">
<emphasis id="B937EAA1FF9D121DF0E28A7437A3F41F" box="[1005,1181,1834,1857]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">D. marmoratus</emphasis>
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Group inhabiting the Amazon Basin,
<collectingCountry id="F3547623FF9D121DF2568A133294F438" box="[345,426,1869,1894]" name="Guyana" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Guiana</collectingCountry>
Region, and the Atlantic Coastal Forest, and the
<taxonomicName id="4C434D30FF9D121DF71A8A1037DCF438" box="[1045,1250,1869,1894]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Dendropsophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leucophyllatus">
<emphasis id="B937EAA1FF9D121DF71A8A1037DCF438" box="[1045,1250,1869,1894]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">D. leucophyllatus</emphasis>
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Group ranging throughout the Amazon Basin,
<collectingCountry id="F3547623FF9D121DF10D8A2F316DF4D4" box="[514,595,1905,1930]" name="Guyana" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Guiana</collectingCountry>
Region, and northward to tropical
<collectingCountry id="F3547623FF9D121DF0E18A2F3779F4D4" box="[1006,1095,1905,1930]" name="Mexico" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Mexico</collectingCountry>
. These groups evolved in the mid-Miocene; their ages are 17.0 (12.921.1) Mya and 18.7 (15.721.6) Mya, respectively. Another large group of small species principally inhabiting the Atlantic Coastal Forest but also occurring in the Amazon Basin and
<collectingCountry id="F3547623FF9D121DF6448AE736A2F48C" box="[1355,1436,1977,2002]" name="Guyana" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Guiana</collectingCountry>
Region is the
<taxonomicName id="4C434D30FF9D121DF23D8A8032E9F4A8" box="[306,471,2013,2038]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Dendropsophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bipunctatus">
<emphasis id="B937EAA1FF9D121DF23D8A8032E9F4A8" box="[306,471,2013,2038]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">D. bipunctatus</emphasis>
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Group, which also diverged in the mid-Miocene, 14.9 (10.719.1) Mya.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFC36B3FF9C121CF3C88DC6370FF3A6" blockId="53.[151,1436,151,248]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
Among the groups with relatively small, defined ranges are the
<taxonomicName id="4C434D30FF9C121CF0868DC730C1F3EE" box="[905,1023,151,176]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Dendropsophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="labialis">
<emphasis id="B937EAA1FF9C121CF0868DC730C1F3EE" box="[905,1023,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">D. labialis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Group in the northern Andes and the
<taxonomicName id="4C434D30FF9C121CF3988DE33260F38B" box="[151,350,188,213]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Dendropsophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="microcephalus">
<emphasis id="B937EAA1FF9C121CF3988DE33260F38B" box="[151,350,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">D. microcephalus</emphasis>
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Group in
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and Central
<collectingCountry id="F3547623FF9C121CF1B78DE23022F38B" box="[696,796,188,213]" name="United States of America" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">America</collectingCountry>
. These groups originated later in the Miocene; their ages (crown node times) are 9.6 (6.812.3) Mya and 11.2 (8.613.7) Mya, respectively.
</paragraph>
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