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<document id="C8040D4878ED0E6CB1A88C7763E60AB3" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.5179761" ID-ISSN="1942-1354" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5179761" ID-ZooBank="4A262124-FBE8-4091-BDD8-A895A58CDB75" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1628325490084" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Vigil, Wlodkowski, John C., Joshua, Vargas, Shaw, David, Christopher, William L. Grogan, Jr. &amp; Corn, Joseph L." docDate="2014" docId="03B4B378FFB6FFDDFF68253DFD7E07F1" docLanguage="en" docName="InsectaMundi.0394.1-14.pdf" docOrigin="Insecta Mundi 2014 (394)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:6D85C66E4B52897F25DA165649BC06DC.3:InsectaMundi.2009-2020.journal_article" docStyleId="6D85C66E4B52897F25DA165649BC06DC" docStyleName="InsectaMundi.2009-2020.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Culicoides (Amossovia) oklahomensis Khalaf 1952" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="4" masterDocId="FF8DCB00FFB2FFD8FFA8223CFFD6034B" masterDocTitle="New records of biting midges of the genus Culicoides Latreille from the southeastern United States (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae)" masterLastPageNumber="14" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="3" updateTime="1699043662939" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-3.0">
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<mods:title id="A75C9B06CBFCFF157512E9BB37ACF86F">New records of biting midges of the genus Culicoides Latreille from the southeastern United States (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="6A0A21DAEBC34AC7B713C6EE51E94E3B">Joshua</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="92FB0496A6CE9044A0000E90826C9FAC">Shaw, David</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="098885F34B7A251A2577EA6A13BE3407">Christopher</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="38EE352C3331E0DBABF1B329D2F7A4D8">Corn, Joseph L.</mods:namePart>
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<heading id="D0EAB502FFB6FFDCFF68253DFCF50452" bold="true" box="[192,803,1793,1818]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" reason="3">
<taxonomicName id="4C1D79EDFFB6FFDCFF68253DFCF50452" ID-CoL="8BNMZ" authority="Khalaf" authorityName="Khalaf" authorityYear="1952" box="[192,803,1793,1818]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oklahomensis" subGenus="Amossovia">
<emphasis id="B969DE7CFFB6FFDCFF68253DFCF50452" bold="true" box="[192,803,1793,1818]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">
<emphasis id="B969DE7CFFB6FFDCFF68253DFE860451" bold="true" box="[192,336,1793,1818]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">Culicoides</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B969DE7CFFB6FFDCFECA253DFE240452" bold="true" box="[354,498,1793,1817]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">Amossovia</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="B969DE7CFFB6FFDCFDAC253DFD160451" bold="true" box="[516,704,1793,1818]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">oklahomensis</emphasis>
Khalaf
</emphasis>
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</heading>
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<treatmentCitation id="0ABC247FFFB6FFDCFF68257EFCB10412" author="Khalaf, K. T." box="[192,871,1857,1882]" page="355" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" year="1952">
<taxonomicName id="4C1D79EDFFB6FFDCFF68257EFCB10412" ID-CoL="8BNMZ" authority="Khalaf, 1952: 355" authorityName="Khalaf" authorityPageNumber="355" authorityYear="1952" box="[192,871,1857,1882]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="villosipennis" subSpecies="oklahomensis">
<emphasis id="B969DE7CFFB6FFDCFF68257EFD5A0411" box="[192,652,1858,1882]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">Culicoides villosipennis oklahomensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF8C7F9FFFB6FFDCFD3A257EFCB10412" author="Khalaf, K. T." box="[658,871,1857,1882]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" pagination="348 - 358" refId="ref11239" refString="Khalaf, K. T. 1952. The Culicoides of the Wichita Refuge, Oklahoma. Taxonomy and seasonal incidence. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 45: 348 - 358." type="journal article" year="1952">Khalaf, 1952: 355</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
(
<collectingRegion id="49D9CC8CFFB6FFDCFCDE257EFC2C0411" box="[886,1018,1858,1882]" country="United States of America" name="Oklahoma" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">Oklahoma</collectingRegion>
; as new subspecies of
<taxonomicName id="4C1D79EDFFB6FFDCFAA9257EFDD50431" ID-CoL="8BNN5" authority="Root and Hoffman" authorityName="Root and Hoffman" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="villosipennis">
<emphasis id="B969DE7CFFB6FFDCFAA9257EFAC20412" box="[1281,1300,1858,1881]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">C</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B969DE7CFFB6FFDCFA89257EFEC30432" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">villosipennis</emphasis>
Root and Hoffman
</taxonomicName>
).
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA2026EFFB7FFDDFF6822FEFB930391" blockId="5.[192,1440,193,282]" box="[192,1093,193,218]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB0D2540FFB7FFDDFF6822FEFB930391" box="[192,1093,193,218]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">
<treatmentCitation id="0ABC247FFFB7FFDDFF6822FEFCEA0391" author="Wirth, W. W." box="[192,828,193,218]" page="129" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" year="1965">
<taxonomicName id="4C1D79EDFFB7FFDDFF6822FEFCEA0391" ID-CoL="8BNMZ" authority=": Wirth 1965: 129" authorityName="Wirth" authorityPageNumber="129" authorityYear="1965" box="[192,828,193,218]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oklahomensis" subGenus="Oecacta">
<emphasis id="B969DE7CFFB7FFDDFF6822FEFEE90391" box="[192,319,194,218]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">Culicoides</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B969DE7CFFB7FFDDFEF822FEFE660392" box="[336,432,194,217]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">Oecacta</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="B969DE7CFFB7FFDDFE6822FEFDB00391" box="[448,614,194,218]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">oklahomensis</emphasis>
:
<bibRefCitation id="EF8C7F9FFFB7FFDDFDDD22FEFCEA0391" author="Wirth, W. W." box="[629,828,193,218]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" pagination="1 - 1696" refId="ref12512" refString="Wirth, W. W. 1965. Family Ceratopogonidae. p. 121 - 142. In: A. Stone, C. W. Sabrosky, W. W. Wirth, R. H. Foote, and J. R. Coulson (eds.). A catalog of the Diptera of America north of Mexico. United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Agriculture Handbook 276: i - iv + 1 - 1696." type="journal article" year="1965">Wirth 1965: 129</bibRefCitation>
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(in Nearctic catalog).
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</paragraph>
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB0D2540FFB7FFDDFF6822DEFBE203B1" box="[192,1076,225,250]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">
<treatmentCitation id="0ABC247FFFB7FFDDFF6822DEFD2C03B1" author="Wirth, W. W. &amp; A. L. Dyce &amp; B. V. Peterson" box="[192,762,225,250]" page="20" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" year="1985">
<taxonomicName id="4C1D79EDFFB7FFDDFF6822DEFD2C03B1" ID-CoL="8BNMZ" authority=": Wirth et al. 1985: 20" authorityName="Wirth" authorityPageNumber="20" authorityYear="1985" box="[192,762,225,250]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oklahomensis">
<emphasis id="B969DE7CFFB7FFDDFF6822DEFE3B03B1" box="[192,493,226,250]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">Culicoides oklahomensis</emphasis>
:
<bibRefCitation id="EF8C7F9FFFB7FFDDFE5422DEFD2C03B1" author="Wirth, W. W. &amp; A. L. Dyce &amp; B. V. Peterson" box="[508,762,225,250]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" pagination="1 - 46" refId="ref12831" refString="Wirth, W. W., A. L. Dyce, and B. V. Peterson. 1985. An atlas of wing photographs, with a summary of the numerical characters of the Nearctic Species of Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Contributions of the American Entomological Institute 22: 1 - 46." type="journal article" year="1985">Wirth et al. 1985: 20</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
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(in Nearctic Wing Atlas).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA2026EFFB7FFDDFF68233EFA760251" blockId="5.[192,1440,193,282]" box="[192,1440,258,282]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB0D2540FFB7FFDDFF68233EFA760251" box="[192,1440,258,282]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">
<treatmentCitation id="0ABC247FFFB7FFDDFF68233EFC2A0251" author="Borkent, A. &amp; W. L. Grogan, Jr." box="[192,1020,258,282]" page="12" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" year="2009">
<taxonomicName id="4C1D79EDFFB7FFDDFF68233EFC2A0251" ID-CoL="8BNMZ" authority=": Borkent and Grogan 2009: 12" authorityName=": Borkent and Grogan" authorityPageNumber="12" authorityYear="2009" box="[192,1020,258,282]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oklahomensis" subGenus="Amossovia">
<emphasis id="B969DE7CFFB7FFDDFF68233EFEE90251" box="[192,319,258,282]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">Culicoides</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B969DE7CFFB7FFDDFEE6233EFE070252" box="[334,465,258,281]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">Amossovia</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="B969DE7CFFB7FFDDFE48233EFD500251" box="[480,646,258,282]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">oklahomensis</emphasis>
:
<bibRefCitation id="EF8C7F9FFFB7FFDDFD3C233EFC2A0251" author="Borkent, A. &amp; W. L. Grogan, Jr." box="[660,1020,258,282]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" pagination="1 - 48" refId="ref9637" refString="Borkent, A., and W. L. Grogan, Jr. 2009. Catalog of the New World biting midges north of Mexico (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Zootaxa 2273: 1 - 48." type="journal article" year="2009">Borkent and Grogan 2009: 12</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
(in Nearctic catalog; distribution).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30751E5FFB7FFDDFF68237DFD7E07F1" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BA2026EFFB7FFDDFF68237DFB370172" blockId="5.[192,1441,321,1082]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">
<emphasis id="B969DE7CFFB7FFDDFF68237DFE8B0212" bold="true" box="[192,349,321,345]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">Discussion.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C1D79EDFFB7FFDDFECD237EFD450211" authorityName=": Borkent and Grogan" authorityYear="2009" box="[357,659,322,346]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oklahomensis">
<emphasis id="B969DE7CFFB7FFDDFECD237EFD450211" box="[357,659,322,346]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">Culicoides oklahomensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has a wing pattern that is very similar to
<taxonomicName id="4C1D79EDFFB7FFDDFB00237EFA9E0211" box="[1192,1352,322,346]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arboricola">
<emphasis id="B969DE7CFFB7FFDDFB00237EFA9E0211" box="[1192,1352,322,346]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">C. arboricola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF8C7F9FFFB7FFDDFAF1237EFE500232" author="Jones, R. H. &amp; W. W. Wirth" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" pagination="81 - 91" refId="ref11170" refString="Jones, R. H., and W. W. Wirth. 1958. New records, synonomy, and species of Texas Culicoides (Diptera, Heleidae). Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society 31: 81 - 91." type="journal article" year="1958">Jones and Wirth 1958</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EF8C7F9FFFB7FFDDFE3A235EFDBE0232" author="Wirth, W. W. &amp; A. L. Dyce &amp; B. V. Peterson" box="[402,616,353,378]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" pagination="1 - 46" refId="ref12831" refString="Wirth, W. W., A. L. Dyce, and B. V. Peterson. 1985. An atlas of wing photographs, with a summary of the numerical characters of the Nearctic Species of Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Contributions of the American Entomological Institute 22: 1 - 46." type="journal article" year="1985">Wirth et al. 1985</bibRefCitation>
), which is a common, wide-ranging species with which it has often been confused. Both species key to couplet
<quantity id="4CE5AF8BFFB7FFDDFD6523BEFD2A02D1" box="[717,764,386,410]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.62" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" unit="in" value="3.0">3 in</quantity>
the key to species in the
<taxonomicName id="4C1D79EDFFB7FFDDFB9923BEFB0802D2" baseAuthorityName="Coquillett" baseAuthorityYear="1901" box="[1073,1246,386,409]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="guttipennis">
<emphasis id="B969DE7CFFB7FFDDFB9923BEFB9202D2" box="[1073,1092,386,409]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">C</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B969DE7CFFB7FFDDFBFB23BEFB0802D2" box="[1107,1246,386,409]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">guttipennis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group by
<bibRefCitation id="EF8C7F9FFFB7FFDDFAFF23BEFE7A02F2" author="Wirth, W. W. &amp; F. S. Blanton" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" pagination="207 - 232" refId="ref12703" refString="Wirth, W. W., and F. S. Blanton. 1967. The North American Culicoides of the guttipennis group (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). The Florida Entomologist 50: 207 - 232." type="journal article" year="1967">Wirth and Blanton (1967)</bibRefCitation>
, but females of
<taxonomicName id="4C1D79EDFFB7FFDDFDCE239EFCFA02F1" authorityName=": Borkent and Grogan" authorityYear="2009" box="[614,812,418,442]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oklahomensis">
<emphasis id="B969DE7CFFB7FFDDFDCE239EFCFA02F1" box="[614,812,418,442]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">C. oklahomensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have a dark brown hind femur and 1116 mandibular teeth, whereas females of
<taxonomicName id="4C1D79EDFFB7FFDDFD8323FEFD1C0291" box="[555,714,450,474]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arboricola">
<emphasis id="B969DE7CFFB7FFDDFD8323FEFD1C0291" box="[555,714,450,474]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">C. arboricola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have a pale subapical band on their hind femur and 1418 mandibular teeth. The male genitalia of
<taxonomicName id="4C1D79EDFFB7FFDDFD0623DEFCA302B1" authorityName=": Borkent and Grogan" authorityYear="2009" box="[686,885,482,506]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oklahomensis">
<emphasis id="B969DE7CFFB7FFDDFD0623DEFCA302B1" box="[686,885,482,506]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">C. oklahomensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
more closely resembles those of
<taxonomicName id="4C1D79EDFFB7FFDDFAA823DEFF330152" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="villosipennis">
<emphasis id="B969DE7CFFB7FFDDFAA823DEFF330152" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">C. villosipennis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, however, it can be differentiated from that species by the single pair of subapical hyaline filaments below the sharply pointed tip of the aedeagus (
<bibRefCitation id="EF8C7F9FFFB7FFDDFD57201EFC4F0172" author="Khalaf, K. T." box="[767,921,545,570]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" pagination="348 - 358" refId="ref11239" refString="Khalaf, K. T. 1952. The Culicoides of the Wichita Refuge, Oklahoma. Taxonomy and seasonal incidence. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 45: 348 - 358." type="journal article" year="1952">Khalaf 1952</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EF8C7F9FFFB7FFDDFC0D201EFB020172" author="Wirth, W. W. &amp; F. S. Blanton" box="[933,1236,545,570]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" pagination="207 - 232" refId="ref12703" refString="Wirth, W. W., and F. S. Blanton. 1967. The North American Culicoides of the guttipennis group (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). The Florida Entomologist 50: 207 - 232." type="journal article" year="1967">Wirth and Blanton 1967</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA2026EFFB7FFDDFF58207EFD7C00D1" blockId="5.[192,1441,321,1082]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">
As is the case with most other species in the subgenus
<taxonomicName id="4C1D79EDFFB7FFDDFC3C207EFBC10112" box="[916,1047,578,601]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Amossovia">
<emphasis id="B969DE7CFFB7FFDDFC3C207EFBC10112" box="[916,1047,578,601]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">Amossovia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C1D79EDFFB7FFDDFB8E207EFB380111" authorityName=": Borkent and Grogan" authorityYear="2009" box="[1062,1262,578,602]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oklahomensis">
<emphasis id="B969DE7CFFB7FFDDFB8E207EFB380111" box="[1062,1262,578,602]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">C. oklahomensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
breeds in tree holes (
<bibRefCitation id="EF8C7F9FFFB7FFDDFEB8205EFE210131" author="Pappas, L. G. &amp; S. Moyer &amp; C. D. Pappas" box="[272,503,610,634]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" pagination="624 - 627" refId="ref11961" refString="Pappas, L. G., S. Moyer, and C. D. Pappas. 1991. Tree hole Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) of the central plains in the United States. Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association 7: 624 - 627." type="journal article" year="1991">Pappas et al. 1991</bibRefCitation>
). The feeding habits of
<taxonomicName id="4C1D79EDFFB7FFDDFCBF205EFC090131" authorityName=": Borkent and Grogan" authorityYear="2009" box="[791,991,610,634]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oklahomensis">
<emphasis id="B969DE7CFFB7FFDDFCBF205EFC090131" box="[791,991,610,634]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">C. oklahomensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are unknown, however, at least two other species in the subgenus
<taxonomicName id="4C1D79EDFFB7FFDDFD9720BEFD1401D2" box="[575,706,642,665]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Amossovia">
<emphasis id="B969DE7CFFB7FFDDFD9720BEFD1401D2" box="[575,706,642,665]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">Amossovia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are ornithophilic,
<taxonomicName id="4C1D79EDFFB7FFDDFC0620BEFA7601D1" authority="(Blanton and Wirth 1979)" baseAuthorityName="Blanton and Wirth" baseAuthorityYear="1979" box="[942,1440,642,666]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arboricola">
<emphasis id="B969DE7CFFB7FFDDFC0620BEFB8601D1" box="[942,1104,642,666]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">C. arboricola</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF8C7F9FFFB7FFDDFBCB20BEFA4E01D1" author="Blanton, F. S. &amp; W. W. Wirth" box="[1123,1432,642,666]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" pagination="1 - 204" refId="ref9499" refString="Blanton, F. S., and W. W. Wirth. 1979. The sand flies (Culicoides) of Florida (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Arthropods of Florida and Neighboring Land Areas 10: 1 - 204." type="journal article" year="1979">Blanton and Wirth 1979</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C1D79EDFFB7FFDDFF5E209EFD6901F1" authority="(Garvin and Greiner 2003)" baseAuthorityName="Garvin and Greiner" baseAuthorityYear="2003" box="[246,703,674,698]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="beckae">
<emphasis id="B969DE7CFFB7FFDDFF5E209EFEBF01F1" box="[246,361,674,698]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">C. beckae</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF8C7F9FFFB7FFDDFED2209EFD6001F1" author="Garvin, M. C. &amp; E. C. Greiner" box="[378,694,674,698]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" pagination="170 - 178" refId="ref10407" refString="Garvin, M. C., and E. C. Greiner. 2003. Ecology of the Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) in southcentral Florida and experimental Culicoides vectors of the avian hematozoan Haemoproteus danilewskyi Kruse. Journal of Wildlife Diseases 39: 170 - 178." type="journal article" year="2003">Garvin and Greiner 2003</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. Another closely related species,
<taxonomicName id="4C1D79EDFFB7FFDDFBFF209EFA4D01F1" authority="(Coquillett)" baseAuthorityName="Coquillett" baseAuthorityYear="1901" box="[1111,1435,674,698]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="guttipennis">
<emphasis id="B969DE7CFFB7FFDDFBFF209EFAD201F2" box="[1111,1284,674,697]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">C. guttipennis</emphasis>
(Coquillett)
</taxonomicName>
, has been known to feed on humans and other mammals, but has also been found in high numbers in poultry houses (
<bibRefCitation id="EF8C7F9FFFB7FFDDFE2C20DEFD6401B2" author="Wirth, W. W. &amp; F. S. Blanton" box="[388,690,737,762]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" pagination="207 - 232" refId="ref12703" refString="Wirth, W. W., and F. S. Blanton. 1967. The North American Culicoides of the guttipennis group (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). The Florida Entomologist 50: 207 - 232." type="journal article" year="1967">Wirth and Blanton 1967</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EF8C7F9FFFB7FFDDFD1620DEFC7201B2" author="Messersmith, D. H." box="[702,932,737,762]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" pagination="321 - 324" refId="ref11882" refString="Messersmith, D. H. 1965. Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) associated with poultry in Virginia. Mosquito News 25: 321 - 324." type="journal article" year="1965">Messersmith 1965</bibRefCitation>
). In addition, the number of antennal flagella with sensilla coeloconica (sensory pits) is an indicator of species host preferences. Species with a large number of flagella with sensilla coeloconica tend to be primarily ornithophilic, whereas those with few flagella containing these sensilla tend to be primarily mammalophilic (
<bibRefCitation id="EF8C7F9FFFB7FFDDFBC8217EFAF00012" author="Jamnback, H." box="[1120,1318,833,858]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" pagination="1 - 154" refId="ref11094" refString="Jamnback, H. 1965. The Culicoides of New York State (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). New York State Museum and Science Service Bulletin 399: 1 - 154." type="journal article" year="1965">Jamnback 1965</bibRefCitation>
). Because female
<taxonomicName id="4C1D79EDFFB7FFDDFEB2215EFE340031" authorityName=": Borkent and Grogan" authorityYear="2009" box="[282,482,866,890]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oklahomensis">
<emphasis id="B969DE7CFFB7FFDDFEB2215EFEFB0032" box="[282,301,866,889]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">C</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B969DE7CFFB7FFDDFE94215EFE340031" box="[316,482,866,890]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">oklahomensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
typically possess sensilla coeloconica on flagellomeres 1, 3, 5, 7 and 913, it is also likely to be primarily ornithophilic.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA2026EFFB7FFDDFF58219EFBE90772" blockId="5.[192,1441,321,1082]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">
Both
<taxonomicName id="4C1D79EDFFB7FFDDFE99219EFE1800F1" baseAuthorityName="Blanton and Wirth" baseAuthorityYear="1979" box="[305,462,930,954]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arboricola">
<emphasis id="B969DE7CFFB7FFDDFE99219EFE1800F1" box="[305,462,930,954]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">C. arboricola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C1D79EDFFB7FFDDFDA0219EFD1500F1" box="[520,707,930,954]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="villosipennis">
<emphasis id="B969DE7CFFB7FFDDFDA0219EFD1500F1" box="[520,707,930,954]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">C. villosipennis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have been found throughout all of central and eastern North America, whereas
<taxonomicName id="4C1D79EDFFB7FFDDFE0A21FEFDBF0091" authorityName=": Borkent and Grogan" authorityYear="2009" box="[418,617,962,986]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oklahomensis">
<emphasis id="B969DE7CFFB7FFDDFE0A21FEFDBF0091" box="[418,617,962,986]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">C. oklahomensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has only been recorded from California to Mississippi, and south to
<collectingCountry id="F30A42FEFFB7FFDDFF6821DEFE9F00B1" box="[192,329,994,1018]" name="Guatemala" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">Guatemala</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF8C7F9FFFB7FFDDFEF221DEFD7500B1" author="Borkent, A. &amp; W. L. Grogan, Jr." box="[346,675,994,1018]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" pagination="1 - 48" refId="ref9637" refString="Borkent, A., and W. L. Grogan, Jr. 2009. Catalog of the New World biting midges north of Mexico (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Zootaxa 2273: 1 - 48." type="journal article" year="2009">Borkent and Grogan 2009</bibRefCitation>
). However, the ranges of all three species overlap throughout the south-central portion of the
<collectingCountry id="F30A42FEFFB7FFDDFDF9263EFCD70751" box="[593,769,1026,1050]" name="United States of America" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">United States</collectingCountry>
. We provide the first records of
<taxonomicName id="4C1D79EDFFB7FFDDFB3B263EFA8B0751" authorityName=": Borkent and Grogan" authorityYear="2009" box="[1171,1373,1026,1050]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oklahomensis">
<emphasis id="B969DE7CFFB7FFDDFB3B263EFA8B0751" box="[1171,1373,1026,1050]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">C. oklahomensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from
<collectingRegion id="49D9CC8CFFB7FFDDFF68261EFEF90771" box="[192,303,1058,1082]" country="United States of America" name="Alabama" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">Alabama</collectingRegion>
and
<collectingRegion id="49D9CC8CFFB7FFDDFEC4261EFE340771" box="[364,482,1058,1082]" country="United States of America" name="Arkansas" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">Arkansas</collectingRegion>
in the extreme southeastern region of that state.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA2026EFFB7FFDDFF68265EFD7E07F1" blockId="5.[192,1440,1121,1210]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">
<emphasis id="B969DE7CFFB7FFDDFF68265EFE1A0731" bold="true" box="[192,460,1121,1146]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">New State Records.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B750833FFB7FFDDFE7B265EFD8907D1" collectingDate="2012-08-14" collectionCode="T" county="Clarke Co." location="Fred" municipality="Jackson" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Alabama">
<collectingRegion id="49D9CC8CFFB7FFDDFE7B265EFDB40731" box="[467,610,1122,1146]" country="United States of America" name="Alabama" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">ALABAMA</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCounty id="62C37AE2FFB7FFDDFDC5265EFD240731" box="[621,754,1122,1146]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">Clarke Co.</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="6BC69814FFB7FFDDFD55265EFCB50731" box="[765,867,1122,1146]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">Jackson</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="8EC254B5FFB7FFDDFCC7265EFC7F0731" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B4B378FFB6FFDDFF68253DFD7E07F1:8EC254B5FFB7FFDDFCC7265EFC7F0731" box="[879,937,1122,1146]" county="Clarke Co." municipality="Jackson" name="Fred" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" stateProvince="Alabama">Fred</location>
<collectionCode id="ED0C9AABFFB7FFDDFC18265EFC130732" box="[944,965,1122,1145]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">T</collectionCode>
.
<location id="8EC254B5FFB7FFDDFC78265EFA4D0731" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B4B378FFB6FFDDFF68253DFD7E07F1:8EC254B5FFB7FFDDFC78265EFA4D0731" box="[976,1435,1122,1146]" county="Clarke Co." municipality="Jackson" name="Stimpson Wildlife Management Area" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" stateProvince="Alabama">Stimpson Wildlife Management Area</location>
,
<date id="FFA324AEFFB7FFDDFF6826BEFE5207D1" box="[192,388,1154,1178]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" value="2012-08-14">
<collectingDate id="EFE7DD46FFB7FFDDFF6826BEFE5207D1" box="[192,388,1154,1178]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" value="2012-08-14">14 August 2012</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<specimenCount id="9D1BC9E7FFB7FFDDFE3926BEFE3007D1" box="[401,486,1154,1178]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="9D1BC9E7FFB7FFDDFE5B26BEFD8907D1" box="[499,607,1154,1178]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B750833FFB7FFDDFDC326BEFD7207F1" collectingDate="2009-10-14" collectingDateMax="2012-09-12" collectingDateMin="2009-10-14" collectionCode="T" county="Chicot Co." location="Fred" municipality="Jackson" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Arkansas">
same data except
<date id="FFA324AEFFB7FFDDFCE126BEFBEF07D1" box="[841,1081,1154,1178]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" value="2012-09-12">
<collectingDate id="EFE7DD46FFB7FFDDFCE126BEFBEF07D1" box="[841,1081,1154,1178]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" value="2012-09-12">12 September 2012</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<specimenCount id="9D1BC9E7FFB7FFDDFBEE26BEFB4B07D1" box="[1094,1181,1154,1178]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
.
<collectingRegion id="49D9CC8CFFB7FFDDFB0026BEFA9207D1" box="[1192,1348,1154,1178]" country="United States of America" name="Arkansas" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">ARKANSAS</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCounty id="62C37AE2FFB7FFDDFAF826BEFF3D07F1" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">Chicot Co.</collectingCounty>
, Eudora,
<date id="FFA324AEFFB7FFDDFEC9269EFDFD07F1" box="[353,555,1186,1210]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" value="2009-10-14">
<collectingDate id="EFE7DD46FFB7FFDDFEC9269EFDFD07F1" box="[353,555,1186,1210]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" value="2009-10-14">14 October 2009</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<specimenCount id="9D1BC9E7FFB7FFDDFD9F269EFD7207F1" box="[567,676,1186,1210]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>