249 lines
29 KiB
XML
249 lines
29 KiB
XML
<document id="3F33A7F788752DB9B65FCEAA71904591" ID-CLB-Dataset="22829" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4766.2.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="7fa4a4ce-5db2-4d06-adeb-db21b0574cef" ID-ISSN="1175-5334" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3764018" ID-ZooBank="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:B47DC09C-181A-4DFE-B415-770AFFC11BD3" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1587671180438" checkinUser="carolina" docAuthor="Mah, Christopher L." docDate="2020" docId="03AE8786FF97D56CFF40263DFB8A5B07" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4766.2.1.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4766 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Pythonaster atlantidis A. H. Clark 1948" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="245" masterDocId="FF97FFFEFFBDD540FFD72117FFDE5D28" masterDocTitle="New species, occurrence records and observations of predation by deep-sea Asteroidea (Echinodermata) from the North Atlantic by NOAA ship Okeanos Explorer" masterLastPageNumber="260" masterPageNumber="201" pageNumber="243" updateTime="1698835771181" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="E16BC87CCB5E2D86451E3023A4A1FD5E">New species, occurrence records and observations of predation by deep-sea Asteroidea (Echinodermata) from the North Atlantic by NOAA ship Okeanos Explorer</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="9953BB0D78220E6D2DABED4263C37D1F">Mah, Christopher L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="3559DC2542A738EE099CC98E5A2D6A09">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="8B0A5DB6F2730A22A8155A9481D570A8">2020</mods:date>
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<treatment id="03AE8786FF97D56CFF40263DFB8A5B07" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3803704" ID-GBIF-Taxon="163737290" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3803704" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03AE8786FF97D56CFF40263DFB8A5B07" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AE8786FF97D56CFF40263DFB8A5B07" lastPageId="44" lastPageNumber="245" pageId="42" pageNumber="243">
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<subSubSection id="C31D651BFF97D56AFF40263DFDAB5A6C" box="[151,629,1834,1861]" pageId="42" pageNumber="243" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BB83690FF97D56AFF40263DFDAB5A6C" blockId="42.[151,629,1834,1896]" box="[151,629,1834,1861]" pageId="42" pageNumber="243">
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<heading id="D0F081FCFF97D56AFF40263DFDAB5A6C" bold="true" box="[151,629,1834,1861]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="42" pageNumber="243" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="4C074D13FF97D56AFF40263DFDAB5A6C" ID-CoL="4QY5D" authority="A. H. Clark 1948" authorityName="A. H. Clark" authorityYear="1948" box="[151,629,1834,1861]" class="Asteroidea" family="Myxasteridae" genus="Pythonaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Velatida" pageId="42" pageNumber="243" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="atlantidis">
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<emphasis id="B973EA82FF97D56AFF40263DFDAB5A6C" bold="true" box="[151,629,1834,1861]" pageId="42" pageNumber="243">
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<emphasis id="B973EA82FF97D56AFF40263DFE7E5A6D" bold="true" box="[151,416,1834,1861]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="243">Pythonaster atlantidis</emphasis>
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A.H.
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<bibRefCitation id="EF964B61FF97D56AFE3E263DFDAB5A6C" author="Clark, A. H." box="[489,629,1834,1860]" pageId="42" pageNumber="243" pagination="75 - 85" refId="ref28181" refString="Clark, A. H. (1948) Some interesting starfishes and brittle-stars dredged by the Atlantis in mid-Atlantic. Journal of the Washington Academy of Science, 38, 75 - 85." type="journal article" year="1948">Clark 1948</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31D651BFF97D56AFF402659FEEB5A40" box="[151,309,1870,1896]" pageId="42" pageNumber="243" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BB83690FF97D56AFF402659FEEB5A40" blockId="42.[151,629,1834,1896]" box="[151,309,1870,1896]" pageId="42" pageNumber="243">
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<figureCitation id="133C2A15FF97D56AFF402659FEDD5A40" box="[151,259,1870,1896]" captionStart="FIGURE 20" captionStartId="43.[151,250,1899,1924]" captionTargetBox="[181,1410,189,1869]" captionTargetId="figure@43.[172,1416,181,1873]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="FIGURE 20. Velatida. A. Remaster palmatus. Stetson Mesa Terrace, 445.4 m. B. Large specimen (30.0 cm total diameter) of Pythonaster atlantidis, NW Florida Escarpment, 1970 m. C and D. Pythonaster atlantidis sponge predation. DeSoto Canyon, 2604 m, showing dorsal and oral views (C&D respectively). E. Feeding on hexactinellid sponge. Jaguey Spur, off Puerto Rico, 2668 m. Feeding." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3764060" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3764060/files/figure.png" pageId="42" pageNumber="243">Figure 20</figureCitation>
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B–E
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31D651BFF97D56CFF402681FCFE5E3F" lastPageId="44" lastPageNumber="245" pageId="42" pageNumber="243" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BB83690FF97D56CFF402681FC585DD3" blockId="42.[151,1437,1942,2041]" lastBlockId="44.[151,1437,153,791]" lastPageId="44" lastPageNumber="245" pageId="42" pageNumber="243">
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<taxonomicName id="4C074D13FF97D56AFF402681FE4E5A98" authorityName="A. H. Clark" authorityYear="1948" box="[151,400,1942,1968]" class="Asteroidea" family="Myxasteridae" genus="Pythonaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Velatida" pageId="42" pageNumber="243" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="atlantidis">
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<emphasis id="B973EA82FF97D56AFF402681FE4E5A98" box="[151,400,1942,1968]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="243">Pythonaster atlantidis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is one of three species within
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<taxonomicName id="4C074D13FF97D56AFD3B2681FCAD5A98" box="[748,883,1942,1968]" class="Asteroidea" family="Myxasteridae" genus="Pythonaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Velatida" pageId="42" pageNumber="243" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B973EA82FF97D56AFD3B2681FCAD5A98" box="[748,883,1942,1968]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="243">Pythonaster</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, a rarely encountered genus in the
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<taxonomicName id="4C074D13FF97D56AFB2A2681FA475A98" box="[1277,1433,1942,1968]" class="Asteroidea" family="Myxasteridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Velatida" pageId="42" pageNumber="243" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">Myxasteridae</taxonomicName>
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. Each of the known
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<taxonomicName id="4C074D13FF97D56AFEA126ADFE235AFC" box="[374,509,1978,2004]" class="Asteroidea" family="Myxasteridae" genus="Pythonaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Velatida" pageId="42" pageNumber="243" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B973EA82FF97D56AFEA126ADFE235AFC" box="[374,509,1978,2004]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="243">Pythonaster</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. is poorly understood and relatively few specimens are available for each species. Some species, such as the Atlantic
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<taxonomicName id="4C074D13FF97D56AFD8B26C9FC9B5AD0" authorityName="Sladen" authorityYear="1889" box="[604,837,2014,2040]" class="Asteroidea" family="Myxasteridae" genus="Pythonaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Velatida" pageId="42" pageNumber="243" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="murrayi">
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<emphasis id="B973EA82FF97D56AFD8B26C9FC9B5AD0" box="[604,837,2014,2040]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="243">Pythonaster murrayi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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are known only from the
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<typeStatus id="54BC8832FF97D56AFBBB26C9FB0C5AD0" box="[1132,1234,2014,2040]" pageId="42" pageNumber="243" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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. This account and the upcoming summary of the
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<taxonomicName id="4C074D13FF91D56CFE3B218EFD695D9B" authority="Explorer" authorityName="Explorer" box="[492,695,153,179]" class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Okeanos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="245" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B973EA82FF91D56CFE3B218EFD695D9B" box="[492,695,153,179]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="245">Okeanos Explorer</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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CAPSTONE expedition will be the first published accounts documenting
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<emphasis id="B973EA82FF91D56CFF2E21A9FEE05DFF" box="[249,318,190,215]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="245">in situ</emphasis>
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observations of
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<taxonomicName id="4C074D13FF91D56CFE2121AAFDA35DFF" box="[502,637,189,215]" class="Asteroidea" family="Myxasteridae" genus="Pythonaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Velatida" pageId="44" pageNumber="245" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B973EA82FF91D56CFE2121AAFDA35DFF" box="[502,637,189,215]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="245">Pythonaster</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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as well as observations of its feeding behavior. The observations herein document new occurrence of this species from the Gulf of
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<collectingRegion id="49C3F872FF91D56CFCFE21F6FC5C5DD3" box="[809,898,225,251]" country="Mexico" name="Mexico" pageId="44" pageNumber="245">Mexico</collectingRegion>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="DF786618FF96D56BFF40267CFE945AD8" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3764060" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3764060" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3764060/files/figure.png" pageId="43" pageNumber="244" startId="43.[151,250,1899,1924]" targetBox="[181,1410,189,1869]" targetPageId="43">
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<paragraph id="8BB83690FF96D56BFF40267CFE945AD8" blockId="43.[151,1436,1899,2032]" pageId="43" pageNumber="244">
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<emphasis id="B973EA82FF96D56BFF40267CFE7A5AAC" bold="true" box="[151,420,1899,1924]" pageId="43" pageNumber="244">
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FIGURE 20.
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<taxonomicName id="4C074D13FF96D56BFEF0267CFE5C5AAC" box="[295,386,1899,1924]" class="Asteroidea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Velatida" pageId="43" pageNumber="244" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="order">Velatida</taxonomicName>
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. A.
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</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="B973EA82FF96D56BFE7C267BFDA85AAB" box="[427,630,1899,1923]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="244">
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<taxonomicName id="4C074D13FF96D56BFE7C267BFDAC5AAB" baseAuthorityName="Perrier" baseAuthorityYear="1881" box="[427,626,1899,1923]" class="Asteroidea" family="Korethrasteridae" genus="Remaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Velatida" pageId="43" pageNumber="244" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="palmatus">Remaster palmatus</taxonomicName>
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.
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</emphasis>
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Stetson Mesa Terrace, 445.4 m.
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<emphasis id="B973EA82FF96D56BFC13267CFC055AAB" bold="true" box="[964,987,1899,1923]" pageId="43" pageNumber="244">B.</emphasis>
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Large specimen (30.0 cm total diameter) of
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<taxonomicName id="4C074D13FF96D56BFF402698FEA75A8F" authorityName="A. H. Clark" authorityYear="1948" box="[151,377,1935,1959]" class="Asteroidea" family="Myxasteridae" genus="Pythonaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Velatida" pageId="43" pageNumber="244" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="atlantidis">
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<emphasis id="B973EA82FF96D56BFF402698FEA75A8F" box="[151,377,1935,1959]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="244">Pythonaster atlantidis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, NW Florida Escarpment, 1970 m.
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<emphasis id="B973EA82FF96D56BFD302698FC975A8F" bold="true" box="[743,841,1935,1960]" pageId="43" pageNumber="244">C and D.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C074D13FF96D56BFC872698FBEF5A8F" authorityName="A. H. Clark" authorityYear="1948" box="[848,1073,1935,1959]" class="Asteroidea" family="Myxasteridae" genus="Pythonaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Velatida" pageId="43" pageNumber="244" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="atlantidis">
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<emphasis id="B973EA82FF96D56BFC872698FBEF5A8F" box="[848,1073,1935,1959]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="244">Pythonaster atlantidis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sponge predation. DeSoto Canyon, 2604 m, showing dorsal and oral views (C&D respectively).
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<emphasis id="B973EA82FF96D56BFCD726A4FCC95AE3" bold="true" box="[768,791,1971,1995]" pageId="43" pageNumber="244">E.</emphasis>
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Feeding on hexactinellid sponge. Jaguey Spur, off Puerto Rico, 2668 m. Feeding.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="8BB83690FF91D56CFF102012FC605CA3" blockId="44.[151,1437,153,791]" pageId="44" pageNumber="245">
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<taxonomicName id="4C074D13FF91D56CFF102012FE905C37" box="[199,334,261,287]" class="Asteroidea" family="Myxasteridae" genus="Pythonaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Velatida" pageId="44" pageNumber="245" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B973EA82FF91D56CFF102012FE905C37" box="[199,334,261,287]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="245">Pythonaster</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is recognized by the very distinct swollen proximal arm region, linear rows of ensacculate spinelets present along the surface of the arms, the thin body wall, and the continuously webbed actinolateral spine series present along the furrow of the arms. Details such as the number of spine clusters, 4 to 8 were counted from imagery, are consistent with descriptions of this species from trawled collections.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB83690FF91D56CFF102082FED25F83" blockId="44.[151,1437,153,791]" pageId="44" pageNumber="245">
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Based on other observations of Pacific
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<taxonomicName id="4C074D13FF91D56CFD5F2082FCD15C87" box="[648,783,405,431]" class="Asteroidea" family="Myxasteridae" genus="Pythonaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Velatida" pageId="44" pageNumber="245" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B973EA82FF91D56CFD5F2082FCD15C87" box="[648,783,405,431]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="245">Pythonaster</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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spp. individuals are mostly observed perched on vertical wall faces, especially hard rock surfaces. However, one specimen of
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<taxonomicName id="4C074D13FF91D56CFC7D20AEFBEF5CFB" box="[938,1073,441,467]" class="Asteroidea" family="Myxasteridae" genus="Pythonaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Velatida" pageId="44" pageNumber="245" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B973EA82FF91D56CFC7D20AEFBEF5CFB" box="[938,1073,441,467]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="245">Pythonaster</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, thought to be
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<taxonomicName id="4C074D13FF91D56CFB3620ADFAB65CFB" authorityName="A. H. Clark" authorityYear="1948" box="[1249,1384,441,467]" class="Asteroidea" family="Myxasteridae" genus="Pythonaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Velatida" pageId="44" pageNumber="245" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="atlantidis">
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<emphasis id="B973EA82FF91D56CFB3620ADFAB65CFB" box="[1249,1384,441,467]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="245">P. atlantidis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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was observed on soft substrates on the northwest
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<collectingRegion id="49C3F872FF91D56CFD4720CAFD3F5CDF" box="[656,737,477,503]" country="United States of America" name="Florida" pageId="44" pageNumber="245">Florida</collectingRegion>
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Escarpment at
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<quantity id="4CFF9B75FF91D56CFC5820CAFC395CDF" box="[911,999,477,503]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.97" pageId="44" pageNumber="245" unit="m" value="1970.0">1970 m</quantity>
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. This specimen (
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<figureCitation id="133C2A15FF91D56CFB7420CAFAD45CDF" box="[1187,1290,477,503]" captionStart="FIGURE 20" captionStartId="43.[151,250,1899,1924]" captionTargetBox="[181,1410,189,1869]" captionTargetId="figure@43.[172,1416,181,1873]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="FIGURE 20. Velatida. A. Remaster palmatus. Stetson Mesa Terrace, 445.4 m. B. Large specimen (30.0 cm total diameter) of Pythonaster atlantidis, NW Florida Escarpment, 1970 m. C and D. Pythonaster atlantidis sponge predation. DeSoto Canyon, 2604 m, showing dorsal and oral views (C&D respectively). E. Feeding on hexactinellid sponge. Jaguey Spur, off Puerto Rico, 2668 m. Feeding." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3764060" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3764060/files/figure.png" pageId="44" pageNumber="245">Fig. 20B</figureCitation>
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), at R=~15.0 (30.0 cm total diameter) had relatively swollen arms with a more cylindrical appearance with thicker, more homogeneous arms, but otherwise appeared consistent with other observed species, which tended to have more strongly swollen proximal arm regions and narrower more tapering distal arm regions. When observed
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<emphasis id="B973EA82FF91D56CFB1C235DFACC5F4B" box="[1227,1298,586,611]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="245">in situ</emphasis>
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this species appears strongly inflated with seawater which apparently provides buoyancy to the ensacculate spines and other structures.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB83690FF91D56CFF1023A2FCFE5E3F" blockId="44.[151,1437,153,791]" pageId="44" pageNumber="245">All observed individuals of this species were white with a translucent body wall. The ambulacrals were visible and appeared as a brighter white than the body wall. The proximal arm regions had a very weak purple to violet highlight. Tube feet were white with bright white suckers.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31D651BFF91D56CFF402252FBD4591F" pageId="44" pageNumber="245" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB83690FF91D56CFF402252FE515E77" blockId="44.[151,1436,837,1079]" box="[151,399,837,863]" pageId="44" pageNumber="245">
|
||
<emphasis id="B973EA82FF91D56CFF402252FE515E77" box="[151,399,837,863]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="245">Feeding Observations</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB83690FF91D56CFF10227EFBD4591F" blockId="44.[151,1436,837,1079]" pageId="44" pageNumber="245">
|
||
This species was observed feeding on two different
|
||
<typeStatus id="54BC8832FF91D56CFCC0227EFC8C5EAB" box="[791,850,873,899]" pageId="44" pageNumber="245">types</typeStatus>
|
||
of glass sponges (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C074D13FF91D56CFBF2227EFB125EAC" authorityName="E.O.Schmidt" authorityYear="1870" box="[1061,1228,873,900]" class="Hexactinellida" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="44" pageNumber="245" phylum="Porifera" rank="class">Hexactinellida</taxonomicName>
|
||
) (Figs. C-E), with one observation from DeSoto Canyon, Gulf of Mexico at
|
||
<quantity id="4CFF9B75FF91D56CFCE5229AFC575E8F" box="[818,905,909,935]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.604" pageId="44" pageNumber="245" unit="m" value="2604.0">2604 m</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="133C2A15FF91D56CFC4D229AFC335E8F" box="[922,1005,909,935]" captionStart="FIGURE 20" captionStartId="43.[151,250,1899,1924]" captionTargetBox="[181,1410,189,1869]" captionTargetId="figure@43.[172,1416,181,1873]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="FIGURE 20. Velatida. A. Remaster palmatus. Stetson Mesa Terrace, 445.4 m. B. Large specimen (30.0 cm total diameter) of Pythonaster atlantidis, NW Florida Escarpment, 1970 m. C and D. Pythonaster atlantidis sponge predation. DeSoto Canyon, 2604 m, showing dorsal and oral views (C&D respectively). E. Feeding on hexactinellid sponge. Jaguey Spur, off Puerto Rico, 2668 m. Feeding." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3764060" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3764060/files/figure.png" pageId="44" pageNumber="245">Fig. 20</figureCitation>
|
||
C-D) and a second on Jaguey Spur at
|
||
<quantity id="4CFF9B75FF91D56CFF4022A6FF305EE3" box="[151,238,945,971]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.666" pageId="44" pageNumber="245" unit="m" value="2666.0">2666 m</quantity>
|
||
, off the coast of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3107600FF91D56CFE7C22A6FDEE5EE3" box="[427,560,945,971]" name="Puerto Rico" pageId="44" pageNumber="245">Puerto Rico</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="133C2A15FF91D56CFDE822A6FD785EE3" box="[575,678,945,971]" captionStart="FIGURE 20" captionStartId="43.[151,250,1899,1924]" captionTargetBox="[181,1410,189,1869]" captionTargetId="figure@43.[172,1416,181,1873]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="FIGURE 20. Velatida. A. Remaster palmatus. Stetson Mesa Terrace, 445.4 m. B. Large specimen (30.0 cm total diameter) of Pythonaster atlantidis, NW Florida Escarpment, 1970 m. C and D. Pythonaster atlantidis sponge predation. DeSoto Canyon, 2604 m, showing dorsal and oral views (C&D respectively). E. Feeding on hexactinellid sponge. Jaguey Spur, off Puerto Rico, 2668 m. Feeding." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3764060" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3764060/files/figure.png" pageId="44" pageNumber="245">Fig. 20E</figureCitation>
|
||
). The Gulf of Mexico feeding observation showed tube feet cardiac stomach extended, the latter with elaborate frilled folds around the edges, extending from two sides around the base of the sponge. The second feeding image from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3107600FF91D56CFD7922EEFCEA593B" box="[686,820,1017,1043]" name="Puerto Rico" pageId="44" pageNumber="245">Puerto Rico</collectingCountry>
|
||
showed the animal on the sponge surface, but with its disk slightly sunken, presumably extending its stomach onto the sponge tissue.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31D651BFF91D56CFF402572FC7A598B" pageId="44" pageNumber="245" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB83690FF91D56CFF402572FC7A598B" blockId="44.[151,1436,1124,1187]" pageId="44" pageNumber="245">
|
||
<emphasis id="B973EA82FF91D56CFF402572FEFD5957" box="[151,291,1125,1151]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="245">Occurrence:</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="B973EA82FF91D56CFEFC2573FE035957" bold="true" box="[299,477,1124,1151]" pageId="44" pageNumber="245">Gulf of Mexico</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B973EA82FF91D56CFE3C2572FD5E5957" bold="true" box="[491,640,1124,1151]" pageId="44" pageNumber="245">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3107600FF91D56CFE3C2572FDA55957" box="[491,635,1124,1151]" name="Puerto Rico" pageId="44" pageNumber="245">Puerto Rico</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
South of Azores (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE335057FF91D56CFC9C2573FC715957" box="[843,943,1124,1151]" degrees="35" direction="north" minutes="37" orientation="latitude" pageId="44" pageNumber="245" precision="925" value="35.616665">35°37’N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE335057FF91D56CFC6D2573FBFA5957" box="[954,1060,1124,1151]" degrees="30" direction="west" minutes="15" orientation="longitude" pageId="44" pageNumber="245" precision="925" value="-30.25">30°15’W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
), Hudson Canyon, North Atlantic (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE335057FF91D56CFF77259FFEF2598B" box="[160,300,1160,1187]" degrees="38" direction="north" minutes="25" orientation="latitude" pageId="44" pageNumber="245" precision="15" seconds="06" value="38.418335">38°25’06”N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 70°52’, 30’W), Porcupine Abyssal Plain,
|
||
<quantity id="4CFF9B75FF91D56CFCDE259EFC7A598B" box="[777,932,1161,1187]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.7405" metricValueMax="4.877" metricValueMin="2.604" pageId="44" pageNumber="245" unit="m" value="3740.5" valueMax="4877.0" valueMin="2604.0">
|
||
<emphasis id="B973EA82FF91D56CFCDE259EFC9F598B" bold="true" box="[777,833,1161,1187]" pageId="44" pageNumber="245">2604</emphasis>
|
||
–4877 m
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31D651BFF91D56CFF4025C5FB8A5B07" pageId="44" pageNumber="245" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB83690FF91D56CFF4025C5FE8159C3" blockId="44.[151,1264,1233,1584]" box="[151,351,1233,1259]" pageId="44" pageNumber="245">
|
||
<emphasis id="B973EA82FF91D56CFF4025C5FE8159C3" box="[151,351,1233,1259]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="245">Images Examined</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB83690FF91D56CFF1025E2FDB85827" blockId="44.[151,1264,1233,1584]" box="[199,614,1269,1295]" pageId="44" pageNumber="245">
|
||
Escarpment Canyon, Gulf of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49C3F872FF91D56CFDC725E2FDB85827" box="[528,614,1269,1295]" country="Mexico" name="Mexico" pageId="44" pageNumber="245">Mexico</collectingRegion>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB83690FF91D56CFF10240EFD26581B" blockId="44.[151,1264,1233,1584]" box="[199,760,1305,1331]" pageId="44" pageNumber="245">EX1711_IMG_20171201T171312Z_ROVHD.jpg</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB83690FF91D56CFF10242AFD245853" blockId="44.[151,1264,1233,1584]" pageId="44" pageNumber="245">
|
||
DeSoto Canyon, Gulf of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49C3F872FF91D56CFE37242AFDE6587F" box="[480,568,1341,1367]" country="Mexico" name="Mexico" pageId="44" pageNumber="245">Mexico</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE335057FF91D56CFD94242AFD71587F" box="[579,687,1341,1367]" degrees="28.28388" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="44" pageNumber="245" precision="1" value="28.28388">28.28388</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE335057FF91D56CFD6D242BFCEE587F" box="[698,816,1340,1367]" degrees="87.22355" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="44" pageNumber="245" precision="1" value="-87.22355">-87.22355</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4CFF9B75FF91D56CFCEC242AFC4E587F" box="[827,912,1341,1367]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.604" pageId="44" pageNumber="245" unit="m" value="2604.0">2604 m</quantity>
|
||
(both below) EX1803_IMG_20180425T155302Z_ROVHD.jpg
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB83690FF91D56CFF102493FBFE58B7" blockId="44.[151,1264,1233,1584]" box="[199,1056,1412,1439]" pageId="44" pageNumber="245">EX1803_IMG_20180425T155445Z_ROVHD.jpg (feeding on glass sponge)</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB83690FF91D56CFF1024BEFD2758CF" blockId="44.[151,1264,1233,1584]" pageId="44" pageNumber="245">
|
||
largest specimen, Northwest
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49C3F872FF91D56CFDDB24BEFD8358EB" box="[524,605,1449,1475]" country="United States of America" name="Florida" pageId="44" pageNumber="245">Florida</collectingRegion>
|
||
Escarpment, Gulf of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49C3F872FF91D56CFC9924BEFC7858EB" box="[846,934,1449,1475]" country="Mexico" name="Mexico" pageId="44" pageNumber="245">Mexico</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE335057FF91D56CFC6524BFFBCE58EB" box="[946,1040,1448,1475]" degrees="28.1254" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="44" pageNumber="245" precision="5" value="28.1254">28.1254</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE335057FF91D56CFBCC24BFFB4E58EB" box="[1051,1168,1448,1475]" degrees="86.65615" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="44" pageNumber="245" precision="1" value="-86.65615">-86.65615</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4CFF9B75FF91D56CFB4C24BEFB2E58EB" box="[1179,1264,1449,1475]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.97" pageId="44" pageNumber="245" unit="m" value="1970.0">1970 m</quantity>
|
||
EX1803_IMG_20180426T184110Z_ROVHD.jpg
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB83690FF91D56CFF1024E6FB8A5B07" blockId="44.[151,1264,1233,1584]" pageId="44" pageNumber="245">
|
||
Jaguey Spur, off coast of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3107600FF91D56CFE3324E6FDB75B23" box="[484,617,1521,1547]" name="Puerto Rico" pageId="44" pageNumber="245">Puerto Rico</collectingCountry>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE335057FF91D56CFDA724E7FD345B23" box="[624,746,1520,1547]" degrees="17.606345" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="44" pageNumber="245" precision="1" value="17.606344">17.606345</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE335057FF91D56CFD2224E6FCA65B23" box="[757,888,1521,1547]" degrees="67.273602" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="44" pageNumber="245" precision="1" value="-67.273605">-67.273602</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4CFF9B75FF91D56CFC5424E6FC045B23" box="[899,986,1521,1547]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.668" pageId="44" pageNumber="245" unit="m" value="2668.0">2668 m</quantity>
|
||
, EX1811_IMG_20181109T171906Z_ROVHD.jpg (on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C074D13FF91D56CFCFC2702FC705B18" box="[811,942,1557,1584]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Rossellidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="44" pageNumber="245" phylum="Porifera" rank="family">Rossellidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) glass sponge)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |